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2022-2023学年河南省南阳市六校高二（下）期中英语试卷及答案解析
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这是一份2022-2023学年河南省南阳市六校高二（下）期中英语试卷及答案解析，共24页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，短文改错，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年河南省南阳市六校高二（下）期中英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Best Theatres in London
Sondheim Theatre
Established in 1907，it's been one of the most popular theatres in London that house brilliant and notable plays，one of which is Les Miserables that has been continuously performed there up until now.Aside from the remarkable theatre，there're four bars inside.
51 Shaftesbury Ave，Soho，London W1 D 6 BA
www.sondheimtheatre.co.uk
Lyceum Theatre
Dating back to as early as 1765，it's been hosting different activities over the years and has been closed and re-opened several times.It's been the home of Disney's The Lion King for over 18 years.Aside from the main theatre，it also has other facilities for your comfort like the bar，toilets and WiFi，as well as a shop that sells official theatre goods.
21 Wellington St，Covent Garden，London WC2 E 7 RQ
www.thelyceumtheatre.com
Prince Edward Theatre
Built in 1929，it's home to some of the most notable plays and performances in the history of London theatre，like Peter Pan，Jersey Boys，and Anything Goes.Disabled-friendly，it has several facilities to ensure the safety and comfort of all people with disabilities.It also has 5 bars to choose from.
Old Compton St，Soho，London W1 D 4 HS
www.princeedwardtheatre.co.uk
Shakespeare's Globe
It's a cultural landmark and premier theatre that is known all around the world.An open-air theatre where you can view the most amazing plays of Shakespeare's famous literary classics.Aside from different plays and performances，it also offers workshops，storytelling sessions and story tours that everyone would love.A good place for the whole family，it has loads of activities that both children and adults would enjoy.
21 New Globe Walk，London SE1 9 DT
www.shakespearesglobe.com
1. Where can a person buy official theatre goods？ ______
A. At Sondheim Theatre. B. At Lyceum Theatre.
C. At Prince Edward Theatre. D. At Shakespeare's Globe.
2. Which website can you visit if you want to learn more about classic plays in the open air？ ______
A. www.sondheimtheatre.co.uk. B. www.thelyceumtheatre.com.
C. www.princeedwardtheatre.co.uk. D. www.shakespearesglobe.com.
3. Where does this text most probably come from？ ______
A. A guidebook. B. A science report.
C. A storybook. D. A fashion magazine.
B
In the coastal place of Gaza，groups of Palestinian women and men are getting seated for a course that enables them to learn professional cooking and serving skills.
Established in 2017，the school called Smile Kitchen is the first-ever one of such kind in Gaza.Specializing in teaching culinary（烹饪）arts，it has become a brand with hundreds of graduates.The initial intention of the founders Ahmed Taha and his wife was to teach youngsters how to cook at home with natural and organic ingredients（食材）.But as the number of applicants rose，they decided to take further steps.
"In the first year，there were about 750 trainees who participated in the workshops provided by the school， "said the 42-year-old father of five. "Now，more than 3，500 students have joined our school，where they learn how to cook various kinds of international and Arab dishes." Once they graduate，some join local restaurants，some work for international restaurants outside Gaza，and some start their own businesses.
"Cooking has been my hobby since I was a teenager， "said Manal al-Khatib，a Gazan woman. "Therefore，I come here to learn more about this field，especially about the international varieties of sweets and cake， "the 38-year-old mother of four said. "I had tried to make delicious sponge cakes several times，but unfortunately，all my attempts failed.This school has taught me how to improve my skills."
Having graduated from the school，al-Khatib is planning to launch her own business and market the products through social media. "By using available tools at home，I can make sponge cakes，take photos，and post them on Facebook to attract customers， "the woman said，adding that she would make some money to cover the daily expenses of the family.
In addition to helping the students seek job opportunities，the school has provided them with the opportunity to be part of the competitions on cooking. "In 2020，four of our students managed to win five medals，including silver and bronze ones，in a competition held in Dubai， "Taha said.
4. Why did Ahmed Taha and his wife set up Smile Kitchen at the beginning？ ______
A. To earn as much money as possible.
B. To teach the young to cook at home.
C. To create their own brand in cooking.
D. To establish Gaza's first cooking school.
5. What can be learned about Manal al-Khatib from paragraph 4？ ______
A. She is a lady without a sweet tooth.
B. She came to Smile Kitchen just to earn a living.
C. She has been interested in cooking since she was young.
D. She gave up making sponge cakes after several failures.
6. What does Manal al-Khatib want to do after graduation？ ______
A. Set up her own business.
B. Support her family on her own.
C. Prepare for a chef competition.
D. Become a trainer in a cooking school.
7. What is the future of the graduates of the school like？ ______
A. Steady but narrow. B. Promising and hopeful.
C. Uncertain but satisfying. D. Challenging and changeable.
C
Scientists who study the evolution of language say wild chimps（黑猩猩）have a more complex communication system than past research has shown.Chimps，along with bonobos，are the closest living relatives to humans.They're intelligent and highly social.They use more than ten kinds of calls that can be combined into hundreds of different orders.
The study team made 4，800 recordings of calls produced by members of three groups of chimps living in Ivory Coast's TaïNational Park.
Scientists have long known that chimps use different calls in the wild.But the new study offered a deeper understanding of their communication.
Cedric Girard-Buttoz was the leading author of the study that appeared in the publication Communications Biology.He said of the chimp calls， "It's not a language，but it's among the most complex forms of communication described in a non-human animal."
The call types included what researchers called a grunt，a panted grunt，a bark sound，a panted bark，a pant，a scream，a panted scream，a whimper，a panted roar，and so on.The researchers determined that these call types were used in 390 different orders.The order in which the chimps produced the calls appeared to follow rules，although the study didn't include ideas about any possible meanings.
The researchers want to learn whether the orders communicate wider meanings.They have suspicions about the possible meanings of some calls.
Girard-Buttoz said researchers need to explore in detail the situations surrounding these calls. "Playback（回放）experiments are needed， "he added. "Then we can find whether the suspected meaning matches the behavioral reaction of chimps when they hear the call."
The researchers are not sure if chimp vocal communication is similar to the beginnings of language in human evolutionary history.Humans and chimps share a common ancestor but split into separate evolutionary families perhaps 7 million years ago.
8. What can we learn about chimps from this text？ ______
A. The calls they produce are in random orders.
B. They and humans share the same ancestor.
C. They show a preference for staying alone in the wild.
D. The way they communicate is the beginning of human language.
9. Which of the following may Girard-Buttoz agree with？ ______
A. Chimp calls will develop into a language.
B. The orders of chimp calls convey wider meanings.
C. Their research team still has much work to do.
D. Chimp calls have about 390 different meanings.
10. What's the purpose of the playback experiments？ ______
A. To understand chimps' strange behaviors.
B. To see what situations chimps are living in.
C. To figure out how chimps communicate with each other.
D. To see whether the suspected meanings of the calls are correct.
11. What does the text mainly talk about？ ______
A. Chimps can make different calls.
B. Chimp calls are similar to human languages.
C. Chimps have a complicated communication system.
D. Chimp calls have different meanings in different situations.
D
It's obvious that plastic pollution is a big problem nowadays.Luckily，researchers have found a chemical from a kind of worm can degrade one of the most common forms of plastic.The finding could open up new ways to deal with the problem.
There have been several studies showing microorganisms can release enzymes（酶）that cause the plastic polyethylene（聚乙烯）to start to change.But that process takes a long time.The recently-discovered enzymes were found in the saliva（唾液）of the wax worm moth.They appear to act in only a few hours.
Federica Bertocchini is one of the researchers who helped write a study on the finding.She is also a beekeeper.Bertocchini said that one year she found her honeycombs full of wax worms.Honeycombs are built by bees to store honey.She cleaned the honeycombs and put the worms in a plastic bag.When she returned，she found the bag was full of holes.All this made her wonder if the worms were eating the plastic or if there was a chemical reaction that caused the holes，leading to the idea of the research.
"We checked that，doing proper lab experiments，and we found the polyethylene had been oxidized（氧化）， "she said.
In her latest research，Bertocchini and her coworkers identified two enzymes in the worm's saliva.The enzymes appeared to break down polyethylene in only a few hours at room temperature.Bertocchini says her team is still trying to understand how the worms deal with the plastic.She adds，hopefully in the future，the enzymes can be used in homes，where each family could deal with their own plastic waste.
12. What does the underlined word "degrade" in paragraph 1 probably mean？ ______
A. Break down. B. Bring forth. C. Compete with. D. Pick out.
13. What is the advantage of the recently-discovered enzymes？ ______
A. They're easily available.
B. They can be produced at home.
C. They function very fast.
D. They can be applied to all plastics.
14. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us？ ______
A. How Bertocchini found the enzymes.
B. Why Bertocchini cleaned the honeycombs.
C. How Bertocchini took care of the honeycombs.
D. How Bertocchini came up with the idea of the research.
15. What does Bertocchini expect of the enzymes according to the text？ ______
A. They will work at room temperature.
B. People can make them on their own.
C. They will solve all plastic pollution.
D. They will become a household product.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
There are many factors that take our attention away from a task at hand.When you rapidly switch your focus from one thing to another，you are slicing your attention. （1） ______ Here are a few steps that will help you keep your attention on the task at hand.
"I am Here."
While reading a book or listening to someone speak，we get distracted by the slightest sound or movement，or our own thoughts. （2） ______ For example，say "I am here" to yourself when your attention moves away.This will bring your focus back to the present moment and to your work.
No-Check Time
（ 3） ______ To improve the situation，fix a period of time—two or three hours—during which you will not check your phone or other gadgets.Don't worry about missing out on important communication：People can always call you or someone in your family in case of an emergency.
Mindful Me
Mindfulness means paying full attention to what is happening around you and what you are doing.When you get up in the morning，sit in a comfortable place and use your five senses to focus fully on your surroundings.Next，concentrate on the sounds around you.What kinds of smells can you identify？（ 4） ______ If mindfulness becomes a part of your daily routine，it can bring calmness to even the toughest situations.
Attentive Listening
Listening is not only the most important part of communication，but also the most neglected one.As a rule，do not interrupt others while they are speaking.Acknowledge what they are saying and allow them to finish.This helps us focus better on the content of the conversation. （5） ______
A.It may bring about unintended mistakes.
B.Is the taste of tea，coffee or milk pleasant？
C.Attention is the capacity to focus on one thing while ignoring all others.
D.In this way，it also improves interpersonal connections.
E.Choose who and what you pay attention to very carefully.
F.Keep track of the number of times you check your phone.
G.To bring our attention back，it helps to associate a phrase with it.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）
In seconds，lunchtime could have become tragedy without quick action.
Garrett Brown is a third-grade student at Lakeview Elementary School.He and his friends were（1） ______ chicken nuggets（鸡块）when their classmate Cashton York started to choke. （2） ______ he couldn't breathe，his classmates rushed to（3） ______ a teacher about the urgent situation.
Music teacher Jordan Nguyen was（4） ______ that day.She remembered hearing a commotion（骚乱） and seeing the kids（5） ______ her，but by the time she reached Cashton's side，the （6） ______ was over.Garrett had leaped to his feet to help his friend instead of（7） ______ .
"Instead of shouting，he jumped to the other side of the table，went behind Cashton and（8） ______ the Heimlich maneuver（海姆利克急救法）， " Jordan（9） ______ ." By the time I reached Cashton，the food had already been removed and he was（10） ______ ."
The shaken- up Cashton was taken to the school nurse，but he was（11） ______ .After his parents were（12） ______ ，the student returned to the cafeteria to get a new plate of nuggets!Meanwhile，Jordan and the other staff members were still in a state of（13） ______ .
"I was（14） ______ scared to know in a matter of（15） ______ my child could have choked to death on food， " Cashton's mother said." There are not enough words to express my（16） ______ for my son being saved."
Garrett explained that he'd once been choking and his dad（17） ______ him.His father then taught him how to save someone else if they are（18） ______ .
Jordan and the rest of the staff and students at the school thanked Garrett for his lifesaving action with a（19） ______ ceremony and " Hero Award " certificate.The Norman fire and police departments came to honor the hero，and both Garrett's parents were（20） ______ of their son.
21. A. enjoying B. selling C. washing D. cooking
22. A. Imagining B. Pretending C. Realizing D. Remembering
23. A. introduce B. challenge C. interview D. warn
24. A. occupied B. late C. on duty D. on business
25. A. running towards B. counting on
C. responding to D. smiling at
26. A. conversation B. emergency C. party D. activity
27. A. laughing B. panicking C. escaping D. searching
28. A. explained B. learned C. observed D. performed
29. A. reminded B. replayed C. recalled D. remarked
30. A. recovering B. suffering C. jumping D. rising
31. A. stressed B. weak C. sensitive D. fine
32. A. suspected B. informed C. persuaded D. recognized
33. A. satisfaction B. excitement C. shock D. confusion
34. A. exactly B. extremely C. partly D. barely
35. A. days B. hours C. weeks D. seconds
36. A. concern B. regret C. appreciation D. sympathy
37. A. rescued B. blamed C. understood D. ignored
38. A. beyond reach B. beyond description
C. in demand D. in trouble
39. A. necessary B. special C. similar D. national
40. A. proud B. careful C. certain D. fond
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
41. As is widely acknowledged，China can trace her history back thousands of years.Ancient （1） ______ （ dynasty） came and went，with each era（时期）（ 2） ______ （ reflect） unique architectural feats.
At present，China is home to （3） ______ couple of modern architectural treasures.These include a hospital in Hong Kong that （4） ______ （ complete）last year.Other notable structures include the Shanghai Tower，the third （5） ______ （ tall） building in the world，and the Qinghai- Tibet railway.It is a high-elevation railway，（ 6） ______ route includes a station in the Tanggula Mountains，which is the highest railway station in the world.
Another celebrated structure，the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong，was designed by renowned architect 1.M.Pei. （7） ______ （ it）triangular shape was inspired by bamboo shoots，symbolizing growth and hope.
Looking to the future，Chinese architects are exploring several possibilities，the concept of "sponge cities（海绵城市）" （8） ______ （ include）.This innovation could help with the country's water （9） ______ （ short）by absorbing rainwater and turning it （10） ______ drinking water.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
42. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
（1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last Sunday，I got up early and cooked noodles for my parents.First，I boil some water，but then I put some noodles into the pot.About five or six minutes late，I carefully placed it in the bowls and added some salt and oil.When my parents got up，they were surprised and praised me for big smiles.It was the first time that I had been cooked for them.That was a valuable experience，from what I got a deeper understanding of my parents.
As teenager，we have the responsibility to share some housework.Tired as the work might be，we can find value of labor and the joy of working.
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
43. 你校英文报正在进行主题为"合理上网"的征文，请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
（1）合理上网的必要性；
（2）你对合理上网的建议。
注意：
（3）词数100左右；
（4）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Use the Internet Properly
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据原文Lyceum Theatre段Aside from the main theatre，it also has other facilities for your comfort like the bar，toilets and WiFi，as well as a shop that sells official theatre goods.（除了主剧院，它还有其他舒适的设施，如酒吧、厕所和WiFi，以及一家出售官方戏剧用品的商店）可知在Lyceum 剧院可以买到官方戏剧用品。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据原文Shakespeare's Globe段An open-air theatre where you can view the most amazing plays of Shakespeare's famous literary classics（这是一家露天剧院，你可以在这里观看莎士比亚著名文学经典中最令人惊叹的戏剧）可知如果你想了解更多关于露天经典戏剧的信息，你可以访问www.shakespearesglobe.com。故选D。
（3）文章出处题。介绍了伦敦的四家最佳剧院。可知这段文字最有可能来自一本指南。A.A guidebook.一本指南；B.A science report.一份科学报告；C.A storybook.一本故事书；D.A fashion magazine.一本时尚杂志。故选A。
本文是一篇应用文，介绍了伦敦的四家最佳剧院。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。
4~7.【答案】B、C、A、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段The initial intention of the founders Ahmed Taha and his wife was to teach youngsters how to cook at home with natural and organic ingredients（食材）.But as the number of applicants rose，they decided to take further steps.（创始人艾哈迈德•塔哈和他的妻子最初的意图是教年轻人如何在家里用天然和有机的食材做饭。但随着申请人数的增加，他们决定采取进一步措施。）可知艾哈迈德•塔哈和他的妻子一开始就成立了微笑厨房是为了教年轻人在家做饭。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段"Cooking has been my hobby since I was a teenager， "said Manal al-Khatib，a Gazan woman. （"从我十几岁起，烹饪就是我的爱好，"加沙妇女马纳尔•哈提卜（Manal al-Khatib）说。）可知从第4段可以了解到关于马纳勒•哈提卜从小就对烹饪感兴趣。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Having graduated from the school，al-Khatib is planning to launch her own business and market the products through social media. （从学校毕业后，al-Khatib计划创办自己的企业，并通过社交媒体推销产品。）可知哈提卜毕业后想创办自己的企业。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据第三段Once they graduate，some join local restaurants，some work for international restaurants outside Gaza，and some start their own businesses.（毕业后，一些人加入当地餐馆，一些人在加沙以外的国际餐馆工作，还有一些人自己创业。）以及最后一段In addition to helping the students seek job opportunities，the school has provided them with the opportunity to be part of the competitions on cooking. "In 2020，four of our students managed to win five medals，including silver and bronze ones，in a competition held in Dubai， "Taha said.（除了帮助学生寻找工作机会外，学校还为他们提供了参加烹饪比赛的机会。塔哈说："2020年，我们的四名学生在迪拜举行的比赛中赢得了五枚奖牌，包括银牌和铜牌。"）可知学校毕业生的未来是有前途且充满希望的。故选 B。
本文是一篇说明文，在地中海岸城市加沙，很多人在一所叫做Smile Kitchen 的学校学习烹饪。创办者Ahmed Taha和他的妻子一开始办这所学校是想教年轻人在家用天然有机食材烹制菜肴，如今这所学校已经成为了一个品牌。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
8~11.【答案】B、C、D、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据最后一段Humans and chimps share a common ancestor but split into separate evolutionary families perhaps 7 million years ago.（人类和黑猩猩有一个共同的祖先，但可能在700万年前分裂成了不同的进化家族。）可知从这篇文章中我们能了解到黑猩猩和人类有着共同的祖先。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Girard-Buttoz said researchers need to explore in detail the situations surrounding these calls.（Girard-Buttoz说，研究人员需要详细探索这些电话的情况。）可知Girard Buttoz认为他们的研究团队还有很多工作要做。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Playback（回放）experiments are needed， "he added. "Then we can find whether the suspected meaning matches the behavioral reaction of chimps when they hear the call."（"回放实验是必要的，"他补充说。"然后我们就可以发现，这些可疑的含义是否与黑猩猩听到叫声时的行为反应相符。"）可知回放实验的目的是看看这些电话的可疑含义是否正确。故选D。
（4）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，以及根据文章的第一句Scientists who study the evolution of language say wild chimps（黑猩猩）have a more complex communication system than past research has shown.（研究语言进化的科学家说，野生黑猩猩的交流系统比过去的研究显示的要复杂得多。）表明该研究的发现：黑猩猩有一套颇为复杂的交流系统，其余段落围绕该句展开解释。所以本文主要介绍了一项研究的成果。故选C。
这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究语言进化的科学家表示，野生黑猩猩的交流系统比过去的研究显示的更复杂。研究人员表示，这种动物会发出十多种叫声，可以组合成数百种不同的叫声。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
12~15.【答案】A、C、D、D
【解析】（1）词义猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子It's obvious that plastic pollution is a big problem nowadays.Luckily，researchers have found a chemical from a kind of worm can degrade one of the most common forms of plastic.The finding could open up new ways to deal with the problem.（很明显，塑料污染现在是一个大问题。幸运的是，研究人员发现一种蠕虫体内的化学物质可以降解一种最常见的塑料。这一发现可能为解决这一问题开辟新的途径。）以及第三段When she returned，she found the bag was full of holes.All this made her wonder if the worms were eating the plastic or if there was a chemical reaction that caused the holes，leading to the idea of the research.（当她回来时，她发现袋子满是洞。所有这些都让她想知道，是蠕虫在吃塑料，还是化学反应导致了这些洞，从而产生了这项研究的想法。）可知划线词意思是"分解"。A.Break down.降解，分解；B.Bring forth.拿出；C.Compete with.与...竞争；D.Pick out.挑选。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段The recently-discovered enzymes were found in the saliva（唾液）of the wax worm moth.They appear to act in only a few hours.（最近发现的酶是在蜡虫蛾的唾液中发现的。他们似乎在几个小时内就行动了。）以及最后一段The enzymes appeared to break down polyethylene in only a few hours at room temperature.（在室温下，这种酶似乎只需要几个小时就能分解聚乙烯。）可知最近发现的酶的优势是它们的作用非常快。故选C。
（3）段落大意题。根据第三段Federica Bertocchini is one of the researchers who helped write a study on the finding.She is also a beekeeper.Bertocchini said that one year she found her honeycombs full of wax worms.Honeycombs are built by bees to store honey.She cleaned the honeycombs and put the worms in a plastic bag.When she returned，she found the bag was full of holes.All this made her wonder if the worms were eating the plastic or if there was a chemical reaction that caused the holes，leading to the idea of the research.（Federica Bertocchini是帮助撰写关于这一发现的研究的研究人员之一。她也是一个养蜂人。Bertocchini说有一年她发现她的蜂巢里满是蜡虫。蜂房是蜜蜂建造来储存蜂蜜的。她清洗了蜂巢，把虫子放进一个塑料袋里。当她回来时，她发现袋子满是洞。所有这些都让她想知道，是蠕虫在吃塑料，还是化学反应导致了这些洞，从而产生了这项研究的想法。）可知第3段主要告诉我们Bertocchini是如何提出这项研究的想法的。故选D。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段She adds，hopefully in the future，the enzymes can be used in homes，where each family could deal with their own plastic waste.（她补充说，希望在未来，这种酶可以在家庭中使用，每个家庭都可以处理自己的塑料垃圾。）可知根据文章，Bertochini对酶的期望是希望它们将成为一种家用产品。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文，研究人员在一种蠕虫的唾液中发现了可以使一些塑料降解的酶，而且其起效非常快。对解决塑料污染而言，这无疑是个好消息。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
16~20.【答案】A、G、F、B、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据上一句（有很多因素会把我们的注意力从手头的任务上转移开。当你迅速将注意力从一件事转移到另一件事时，你的注意力就被切断了。）可知此处说的是注意力很容易就被切断。所以A.It may bring about unintended mistakes.（这可能会带来意想不到的错误。）符合语境。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据下一句For example，say "I am here" to yourself when your attention moves away.This will bring your focus back to the present moment and to your work.（例如，当你的注意力转移时，对自己说"我在这里"。这会让你的注意力回到当下和工作上。）可知此处说的是说一些话来加强自己的注意力。所以G.To bring our attention back，it helps to associate a phrase with it.（为了引起我们的注意，将一个短语与之联系起来会有所帮助。）符合语境。故选G。
（3）推理判断题。根据下一句To improve the situation，fix a period of time—two or three hours—during which you will not check your phone or other gadgets.（为了改善这种情况，你可以在两三个小时内不检查手机或其他小工具。）可知此处说的是手机的问题。所以F.Keep track of the number of times you check your phone.（记录你检查手机的次数。）符合语境。故选F。
（4）推理判断题。根据上一句Next，concentrate on the sounds around you.What kinds of smells can you identify？ （接下来，集中注意力听周围的声音。你能识别出什么样的气味）可知此处说的是周围的气味。所以B.Is the taste of tea，coffee or milk pleasant？（咖啡或牛奶的味道好吗？）符合语境。故选B。
（5）推理判断题。根据上一句Listening is not only the most important part of communication，but also the most neglected one.As a rule，do not interrupt others while they are speaking.Acknowledge what they are saying and allow them to finish.This helps us focus better on the content of the conversation（倾听不仅是沟通中最重要的部分，也是最被忽视的部分。通常，在别人说话时不要打断他们。承认他们在说什么，让他们说完。这有助于我们更好地关注对话的内容。）可知此处说的是要好好倾听。所以D.In this way，it also improves interpersonal connections.（通过这种方式，它还改善了人际关系。）符合语境。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何将注意力集中在手头的任务上。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~40.【答案】A、C、D、C、A、B、B、D、C、A、D、B、C、B、D、C、A、D、B、A
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.enjoying享受；B.selling卖；C.washing洗；D.cooking做饭。根据上文In seconds，lunchtime could have become tragedy without quick action.描述是午餐时分，所以应该是吃鸡块，且下文中的"the student returned to the cafeteria to get a new plate of nuggets"也是提示。故答案为A。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.Imagining想象；B.Pretending假装；C.Realizing意识到，实现；D.Remembering记住。根据下句he couldn't breathe可知意识到Cashton无法呼吸，他的同学们奔跑着通知老师这个紧急情况。故答案为C。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.introduce介绍；B.challenge挑战；C.interview采访；D.warn警告。他的同学们奔跑着通知老师这个紧急情况。此处warn sb.about sth.意为"提醒某人注意某事"。故答案为D。
（4）考查动词/形容词/固定短语及语境理解。A.occupied忙于...的，被占领的；B.late晚的；C.on duty值班；D.on business出差。根据常识及下文She remembered hearing a commotion（骚乱） and seeing the kids（5）her（因为情况比较紧急，她听到一阵骚动，还看到孩子们朝她跑来。）可知，音乐老师Jordan Nguyen那天刚好值班。故答案为C。
（5）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.running towards朝某处跑；B.counting on依靠；C.responding to回复；D.smiling at向某人笑。因为情况比较紧急，她听到一阵骚动，还看到孩子们朝她跑来。故答案为A。
（6）考查名词及语境理解。A.conversation对话；B.emergency紧急事件；C.party晚会；D.activity活动。根据前文 （2）he couldn't breathe，his classmates rushed to（3）a teacher about the urgent situation.（意识到Cashton无法呼吸，他的同学们奔跑着通知老师这个紧急情况。）可知当她到达Cashton York身边时，紧急情况已经结束。故答案为B。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.laughing大笑；B.panicking恐慌；C.escaping逃跑；D.searching寻找。根据空前Garrett had leaped to his feet to help his friend 可知Garrett没有恐慌，而是立刻跳出去帮忙。故答案为B。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.explained解释；B.learned学习；C.observed观察；D.performed表演，实施。根据空后the Heimlich maneuver可知Garrett跳到餐桌的另外一边，走到Cashton后面，开始实施海姆利克急救法。故答案为D。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.reminded提醒；B.replayed重放；C.recalled回忆；D.remarked评论说。事情已经发生，此处是音乐老师Jordan回忆当时的情况。故答案为C。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.recovering恢复；B.suffering遭受；C.jumping跳；D.rising上升。根据上句By the time I reached Cashton，the food had already been removed可知当Jordan到达Cashton身边的时候，食物已经被除去了，说明他在恢复。故答案为A。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.stressed有压力的；B.weak虚弱的；C.sensitive敏感的；D.fine好的。根据上句The shaken- up Cashton was taken to the school nurse和but表示转折，可知当Cashton被送到学校护士那里时，他浑身发抖，但是很健康。故答案为D。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.suspected怀疑；B.informed告知；C.persuaded说服；D.recognized识别。根据常识可知Cashton 的父母被告知所发生事情的经过。故答案为B。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.satisfaction满意；B.excitement兴奋；C.shock惊讶；D.confusion困惑。与此同时，Jordan和其他工作人员仍然处于震惊状态。故答案为C。
（14）考查副词及语境理解。A.exactly准确地；B.extremely极其；C.partly部分地；D.barely仅仅。根据下句know in a matter of（15）my child could have choked to death on food可知Cashton的母亲说："几秒钟之内，我的孩子就可能被食物噎死，这真是太可怕了。"故答案为B。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.days天；B.hours小时；C.weeks周；D.seconds秒。Cashton的母亲说："几秒钟之内，我的孩子就可能被食物噎死，这真是太可怕了。"此处指在短短几秒钟之内。故答案为D。
（16）考查名词及语境理解。A.concern关心；B.regret后悔；C.appreciation感激，欣赏；D.sympathy同情。根据常识可知Cashton的母亲说："没有足够的语言来表达我对孩子获救的感激之情。"故答案为C。
（17）考查动词及语境理解。A.rescued救；B.blamed指责；C.understood理解；D.ignored忽略。Garrett后来解释说，他曾一度窒息，他的父亲救了他。上下文多次出现的"save"是提示。故答案为A。
（18）考查固定短语及语境理解。A.beyond reach够不着；B.beyond description无法描述；C.in demand需要；D.in trouble处于麻烦中。根据上句His father then taught him how to save someone else可知然后，他的父亲教他如何在别人需要帮助时拯救他们。故答案为D。
（19）考查形容词及语境理解。A.necessary必须的；B.special特殊的；C.similar相似的；D.national国家的。Jordan和学校的其他教职员工和学生通过一场特别仪式和"英雄奖"证书感谢 Garrett 的救援行动。故答案为B。
（20）考查形容词及语境理解。A.proud自豪的；B.careful小心的；C.certain特定的；D.fond喜欢的。根据上句The Norman fire and police departments came to honor the hero（诺曼消防和警察部门前来纪念这位英雄）可知Garrett的所作所为让父母为他骄傲。故答案为A。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Lakeview小学三年级的学生Garrett Brown在午餐时分用海姆利克急救法救下了同学的故事。
完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
41.【答案】【小题1】dynasties
【小题2】reflecting
【小题3】a
【小题4】was completed
【小题5】tallest
【小题6】a
【小题7】Its
【小题8】included
【小题9】shortage
【小题10】into
【解析】（1）考查可数名词的复数。句意：古代王朝来了又去，每个时代都反映出独特的建筑技艺。dynasty为可数名词，所以用名词复数表示不止一个，故填dynasties。
（2）考查现在分词。句意：古代王朝来了又去，每个时代都反映出独特的建筑技艺。reflect和句子主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故填reflecting。
（3）考冠词查。句意：目前，中国拥有几座现代建筑瑰宝。a couple of"几个"，为固定搭配，故填a。
（4）考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：其中包括去年在香港建成的一家医院。complete和句子主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，根据时间状语last year，可知描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，主语that指代的先行词为名词单数hospital，所以谓语用第三人称单数，故填was completed。
（5）考查形容词最高级。句意：其他著名的建筑包括世界第三高楼上海中心大厦和青藏铁路。前面有序数词和定冠词，所以用形容词最高级作定语，故填tallest。
（6）考查冠词。句意：这是一条高海拔铁路，路线包括唐古拉山中的一个车站，这是世界上最高的火车站。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，route是以辅音音素开头的，故填a。
（7）考查形容词性物主代词。句意：它的三角形形状的灵感来自竹笋，象征着成长和希望。放在名词前面，所以用形容词性物主代词，句首单词首字母大写，故填Its。
（8）考查过去分词。句意：展望未来，中国建筑师正在探索几种可能性，包括"海绵城市"的概念，这种创新可以通过吸收雨水并将其转化为饮用水来帮助解决国家的水资源短缺问题。include和它的逻辑主语the concept of "sponge cities之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词的独立主格结构，故填included。
（9）考查不可数名词。句意：展望未来，中国建筑师正在探索几种可能性，包括"海绵城市"的概念，这种创新可以通过吸收雨水并将其转化为饮用水来帮助解决国家的水资源短缺问题。作介词的宾语，所以用名词shortage，为不可数名词，故填shortage。
（10）考查介词。句意：展望未来，中国建筑师正在探索几种可能性，包括"海绵城市"的概念，这种创新可以通过吸收雨水并将其转化为饮用水来帮助解决国家的水资源短缺问题。turn...into"把……变成"，为固定搭配，故填into。
这是一篇说明文。众所周知，中国的历史可以追溯到几千年前。古代王朝来了又去，每个时代都反映出独特的建筑技艺。本文主要介绍了几座现代建筑瑰宝。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
42.【答案】Last Sunday，I got up early and cooked noodles for my parents.First，I boil some water， but then I put some noodles into the pot.About five or six minutes late，I carefully placed it in the bowls and added some salt and oil.When my parents got up，they were surprised and praised me for big smiles.It was the first time that I had been cooked for them.That was a valuable experience，from what I got a deeper understanding of my parents.
As teenager，we have the responsibility to share some housework. Tired as the work might be，we can find ∧value of labor and the joy of working.
详解：
1.考查时态。句意：首先，我煮了一些水，然后我把一些面条放进锅里。结合上文last Sunday可知，此处是在叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故boil改成boiled。
2.考查连词。句意：我煮了一些水，然后我把一些面条放进锅里。结合句意可知，上下文之间是顺承关系，而非转折关系，故应用连词and连接。故but改成and。
3.考查副词。句意：大约五六分钟之后，我小心地把它们放在碗里，加了一些盐和油。根据句意可知，此处表示"之后"应用副词later，形容词late"晚的"，不符合题意。故late改成later。
4.考查代词。句意：大约五六分钟之后，我小心地把它们放在碗里，加了一些盐和油。根据语境可知，此处代指上文提到的some noodles，应用宾格代词them表示"它们"。故it改成them。
5.考查介词。句意：当我父母起床时，他们很惊讶，笑着称赞我。根据句意可知，此处应用介词with表示"带着"，for表示原因，不符合题意。故for改成with。
6.考查语态。句意：这是我第一次为他们做饭。分析可知，从句主语I与动词cook之间是主动关系，故应用主动语态。故去掉been。
7.考查定语从句关系词。句意：这是一次宝贵的经历，通过这次经历，我对父母有了更深入的了解。分析可知，此处为"介词+关系代词"引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是a valuable experience，指物，在从句中作介词from的宾语，故应用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故what改成which。
8.考查可数名词复数。句意：作为青少年，我们有责任分担一些家务。teenager"青少年"是可数名词，根据后文we可知，此处应用其复数形式。故teenager改成teenagers。
9.考查形容词。句意：尽管工作可能很累，但我们可以找到劳动的价值和工作的乐趣。分析可知，此处应使用修饰物的形容词tiring"累人的"作表语，修饰主语the work，tired表示"感到累的"，修饰人，不符合题意。故tired改为tiring。
10.考查冠词。句意：尽管工作可能很累，但我们可以找到劳动的价值和工作的乐趣。结合语境可知，此处特指劳动的价值，故应用定冠词the表示特指。故在value前加the。
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了作者上星期天主动给父母做早饭的事情。
短文改错时要注意以下几点：1.快速阅读，整体把握短文大意；2.重视语境以及上下文的关系；3.充分运用基础语言知识找出错误所在。
43.【答案】Use the Internet Properly
With the development and popularity of information technology，it is now easier than ever to gain access to the Internet，which undoubtedly makes our life easier and more convenient.However，some people become addicted to online games for lack of self-discipline.What's worse，some teenagers get cheated online，bringing about many negative impacts.【高分句型一】（合理上网的必要性）
From where I stand，the Internet is a valuable tool for all of us.Nevertheless，we must use it properly.Firstly，we should be careful not to spend too much time online，which does great harm to our health.【高分句型二】Besides，it's necessary to be careful not to leak our private information to others to protect ourselves.（你对合理上网的建议）
【解析】高分句型一：What's worse，some teenagers get cheated online，bringing about many negative impacts.
译文：更糟糕的是，一些青少年在网上被骗，带来了许多负面影响。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语bringing about many negative impacts作状语。
高分句型二：Firstly，we should be careful not to spend too much time online，which does great harm to our health.
译文：首先，我们应该小心不要花太多时间上网，这对我们的健康有很大危害。
分析：这句话使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
2022-2023学年河南省南阳市六校高二（下）期中英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）
A
Best Theatres in London
Sondheim Theatre
Established in 1907，it's been one of the most popular theatres in London that house brilliant and notable plays，one of which is Les Miserables that has been continuously performed there up until now.Aside from the remarkable theatre，there're four bars inside.
51 Shaftesbury Ave，Soho，London W1 D 6 BA
www.sondheimtheatre.co.uk
Lyceum Theatre
Dating back to as early as 1765，it's been hosting different activities over the years and has been closed and re-opened several times.It's been the home of Disney's The Lion King for over 18 years.Aside from the main theatre，it also has other facilities for your comfort like the bar，toilets and WiFi，as well as a shop that sells official theatre goods.
21 Wellington St，Covent Garden，London WC2 E 7 RQ
www.thelyceumtheatre.com
Prince Edward Theatre
Built in 1929，it's home to some of the most notable plays and performances in the history of London theatre，like Peter Pan，Jersey Boys，and Anything Goes.Disabled-friendly，it has several facilities to ensure the safety and comfort of all people with disabilities.It also has 5 bars to choose from.
Old Compton St，Soho，London W1 D 4 HS
www.princeedwardtheatre.co.uk
Shakespeare's Globe
It's a cultural landmark and premier theatre that is known all around the world.An open-air theatre where you can view the most amazing plays of Shakespeare's famous literary classics.Aside from different plays and performances，it also offers workshops，storytelling sessions and story tours that everyone would love.A good place for the whole family，it has loads of activities that both children and adults would enjoy.
21 New Globe Walk，London SE1 9 DT
www.shakespearesglobe.com
1. Where can a person buy official theatre goods？ ______
A. At Sondheim Theatre. B. At Lyceum Theatre.
C. At Prince Edward Theatre. D. At Shakespeare's Globe.
2. Which website can you visit if you want to learn more about classic plays in the open air？ ______
A. www.sondheimtheatre.co.uk. B. www.thelyceumtheatre.com.
C. www.princeedwardtheatre.co.uk. D. www.shakespearesglobe.com.
3. Where does this text most probably come from？ ______
A. A guidebook. B. A science report.
C. A storybook. D. A fashion magazine.
B
In the coastal place of Gaza，groups of Palestinian women and men are getting seated for a course that enables them to learn professional cooking and serving skills.
Established in 2017，the school called Smile Kitchen is the first-ever one of such kind in Gaza.Specializing in teaching culinary（烹饪）arts，it has become a brand with hundreds of graduates.The initial intention of the founders Ahmed Taha and his wife was to teach youngsters how to cook at home with natural and organic ingredients（食材）.But as the number of applicants rose，they decided to take further steps.
"In the first year，there were about 750 trainees who participated in the workshops provided by the school， "said the 42-year-old father of five. "Now，more than 3，500 students have joined our school，where they learn how to cook various kinds of international and Arab dishes." Once they graduate，some join local restaurants，some work for international restaurants outside Gaza，and some start their own businesses.
"Cooking has been my hobby since I was a teenager， "said Manal al-Khatib，a Gazan woman. "Therefore，I come here to learn more about this field，especially about the international varieties of sweets and cake， "the 38-year-old mother of four said. "I had tried to make delicious sponge cakes several times，but unfortunately，all my attempts failed.This school has taught me how to improve my skills."
Having graduated from the school，al-Khatib is planning to launch her own business and market the products through social media. "By using available tools at home，I can make sponge cakes，take photos，and post them on Facebook to attract customers， "the woman said，adding that she would make some money to cover the daily expenses of the family.
In addition to helping the students seek job opportunities，the school has provided them with the opportunity to be part of the competitions on cooking. "In 2020，four of our students managed to win five medals，including silver and bronze ones，in a competition held in Dubai， "Taha said.
4. Why did Ahmed Taha and his wife set up Smile Kitchen at the beginning？ ______
A. To earn as much money as possible.
B. To teach the young to cook at home.
C. To create their own brand in cooking.
D. To establish Gaza's first cooking school.
5. What can be learned about Manal al-Khatib from paragraph 4？ ______
A. She is a lady without a sweet tooth.
B. She came to Smile Kitchen just to earn a living.
C. She has been interested in cooking since she was young.
D. She gave up making sponge cakes after several failures.
6. What does Manal al-Khatib want to do after graduation？ ______
A. Set up her own business.
B. Support her family on her own.
C. Prepare for a chef competition.
D. Become a trainer in a cooking school.
7. What is the future of the graduates of the school like？ ______
A. Steady but narrow. B. Promising and hopeful.
C. Uncertain but satisfying. D. Challenging and changeable.
C
Scientists who study the evolution of language say wild chimps（黑猩猩）have a more complex communication system than past research has shown.Chimps，along with bonobos，are the closest living relatives to humans.They're intelligent and highly social.They use more than ten kinds of calls that can be combined into hundreds of different orders.
The study team made 4，800 recordings of calls produced by members of three groups of chimps living in Ivory Coast's TaïNational Park.
Scientists have long known that chimps use different calls in the wild.But the new study offered a deeper understanding of their communication.
Cedric Girard-Buttoz was the leading author of the study that appeared in the publication Communications Biology.He said of the chimp calls， "It's not a language，but it's among the most complex forms of communication described in a non-human animal."
The call types included what researchers called a grunt，a panted grunt，a bark sound，a panted bark，a pant，a scream，a panted scream，a whimper，a panted roar，and so on.The researchers determined that these call types were used in 390 different orders.The order in which the chimps produced the calls appeared to follow rules，although the study didn't include ideas about any possible meanings.
The researchers want to learn whether the orders communicate wider meanings.They have suspicions about the possible meanings of some calls.
Girard-Buttoz said researchers need to explore in detail the situations surrounding these calls. "Playback（回放）experiments are needed， "he added. "Then we can find whether the suspected meaning matches the behavioral reaction of chimps when they hear the call."
The researchers are not sure if chimp vocal communication is similar to the beginnings of language in human evolutionary history.Humans and chimps share a common ancestor but split into separate evolutionary families perhaps 7 million years ago.
8. What can we learn about chimps from this text？ ______
A. The calls they produce are in random orders.
B. They and humans share the same ancestor.
C. They show a preference for staying alone in the wild.
D. The way they communicate is the beginning of human language.
9. Which of the following may Girard-Buttoz agree with？ ______
A. Chimp calls will develop into a language.
B. The orders of chimp calls convey wider meanings.
C. Their research team still has much work to do.
D. Chimp calls have about 390 different meanings.
10. What's the purpose of the playback experiments？ ______
A. To understand chimps' strange behaviors.
B. To see what situations chimps are living in.
C. To figure out how chimps communicate with each other.
D. To see whether the suspected meanings of the calls are correct.
11. What does the text mainly talk about？ ______
A. Chimps can make different calls.
B. Chimp calls are similar to human languages.
C. Chimps have a complicated communication system.
D. Chimp calls have different meanings in different situations.
D
It's obvious that plastic pollution is a big problem nowadays.Luckily，researchers have found a chemical from a kind of worm can degrade one of the most common forms of plastic.The finding could open up new ways to deal with the problem.
There have been several studies showing microorganisms can release enzymes（酶）that cause the plastic polyethylene（聚乙烯）to start to change.But that process takes a long time.The recently-discovered enzymes were found in the saliva（唾液）of the wax worm moth.They appear to act in only a few hours.
Federica Bertocchini is one of the researchers who helped write a study on the finding.She is also a beekeeper.Bertocchini said that one year she found her honeycombs full of wax worms.Honeycombs are built by bees to store honey.She cleaned the honeycombs and put the worms in a plastic bag.When she returned，she found the bag was full of holes.All this made her wonder if the worms were eating the plastic or if there was a chemical reaction that caused the holes，leading to the idea of the research.
"We checked that，doing proper lab experiments，and we found the polyethylene had been oxidized（氧化）， "she said.
In her latest research，Bertocchini and her coworkers identified two enzymes in the worm's saliva.The enzymes appeared to break down polyethylene in only a few hours at room temperature.Bertocchini says her team is still trying to understand how the worms deal with the plastic.She adds，hopefully in the future，the enzymes can be used in homes，where each family could deal with their own plastic waste.
12. What does the underlined word "degrade" in paragraph 1 probably mean？ ______
A. Break down. B. Bring forth. C. Compete with. D. Pick out.
13. What is the advantage of the recently-discovered enzymes？ ______
A. They're easily available.
B. They can be produced at home.
C. They function very fast.
D. They can be applied to all plastics.
14. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us？ ______
A. How Bertocchini found the enzymes.
B. Why Bertocchini cleaned the honeycombs.
C. How Bertocchini took care of the honeycombs.
D. How Bertocchini came up with the idea of the research.
15. What does Bertocchini expect of the enzymes according to the text？ ______
A. They will work at room temperature.
B. People can make them on their own.
C. They will solve all plastic pollution.
D. They will become a household product.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
There are many factors that take our attention away from a task at hand.When you rapidly switch your focus from one thing to another，you are slicing your attention. （1） ______ Here are a few steps that will help you keep your attention on the task at hand.
"I am Here."
While reading a book or listening to someone speak，we get distracted by the slightest sound or movement，or our own thoughts. （2） ______ For example，say "I am here" to yourself when your attention moves away.This will bring your focus back to the present moment and to your work.
No-Check Time
（ 3） ______ To improve the situation，fix a period of time—two or three hours—during which you will not check your phone or other gadgets.Don't worry about missing out on important communication：People can always call you or someone in your family in case of an emergency.
Mindful Me
Mindfulness means paying full attention to what is happening around you and what you are doing.When you get up in the morning，sit in a comfortable place and use your five senses to focus fully on your surroundings.Next，concentrate on the sounds around you.What kinds of smells can you identify？（ 4） ______ If mindfulness becomes a part of your daily routine，it can bring calmness to even the toughest situations.
Attentive Listening
Listening is not only the most important part of communication，but also the most neglected one.As a rule，do not interrupt others while they are speaking.Acknowledge what they are saying and allow them to finish.This helps us focus better on the content of the conversation. （5） ______
A.It may bring about unintended mistakes.
B.Is the taste of tea，coffee or milk pleasant？
C.Attention is the capacity to focus on one thing while ignoring all others.
D.In this way，it also improves interpersonal connections.
E.Choose who and what you pay attention to very carefully.
F.Keep track of the number of times you check your phone.
G.To bring our attention back，it helps to associate a phrase with it.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）
In seconds，lunchtime could have become tragedy without quick action.
Garrett Brown is a third-grade student at Lakeview Elementary School.He and his friends were（1） ______ chicken nuggets（鸡块）when their classmate Cashton York started to choke. （2） ______ he couldn't breathe，his classmates rushed to（3） ______ a teacher about the urgent situation.
Music teacher Jordan Nguyen was（4） ______ that day.She remembered hearing a commotion（骚乱） and seeing the kids（5） ______ her，but by the time she reached Cashton's side，the （6） ______ was over.Garrett had leaped to his feet to help his friend instead of（7） ______ .
"Instead of shouting，he jumped to the other side of the table，went behind Cashton and（8） ______ the Heimlich maneuver（海姆利克急救法）， " Jordan（9） ______ ." By the time I reached Cashton，the food had already been removed and he was（10） ______ ."
The shaken- up Cashton was taken to the school nurse，but he was（11） ______ .After his parents were（12） ______ ，the student returned to the cafeteria to get a new plate of nuggets!Meanwhile，Jordan and the other staff members were still in a state of（13） ______ .
"I was（14） ______ scared to know in a matter of（15） ______ my child could have choked to death on food， " Cashton's mother said." There are not enough words to express my（16） ______ for my son being saved."
Garrett explained that he'd once been choking and his dad（17） ______ him.His father then taught him how to save someone else if they are（18） ______ .
Jordan and the rest of the staff and students at the school thanked Garrett for his lifesaving action with a（19） ______ ceremony and " Hero Award " certificate.The Norman fire and police departments came to honor the hero，and both Garrett's parents were（20） ______ of their son.
21. A. enjoying B. selling C. washing D. cooking
22. A. Imagining B. Pretending C. Realizing D. Remembering
23. A. introduce B. challenge C. interview D. warn
24. A. occupied B. late C. on duty D. on business
25. A. running towards B. counting on
C. responding to D. smiling at
26. A. conversation B. emergency C. party D. activity
27. A. laughing B. panicking C. escaping D. searching
28. A. explained B. learned C. observed D. performed
29. A. reminded B. replayed C. recalled D. remarked
30. A. recovering B. suffering C. jumping D. rising
31. A. stressed B. weak C. sensitive D. fine
32. A. suspected B. informed C. persuaded D. recognized
33. A. satisfaction B. excitement C. shock D. confusion
34. A. exactly B. extremely C. partly D. barely
35. A. days B. hours C. weeks D. seconds
36. A. concern B. regret C. appreciation D. sympathy
37. A. rescued B. blamed C. understood D. ignored
38. A. beyond reach B. beyond description
C. in demand D. in trouble
39. A. necessary B. special C. similar D. national
40. A. proud B. careful C. certain D. fond
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
41. As is widely acknowledged，China can trace her history back thousands of years.Ancient （1） ______ （ dynasty） came and went，with each era（时期）（ 2） ______ （ reflect） unique architectural feats.
At present，China is home to （3） ______ couple of modern architectural treasures.These include a hospital in Hong Kong that （4） ______ （ complete）last year.Other notable structures include the Shanghai Tower，the third （5） ______ （ tall） building in the world，and the Qinghai- Tibet railway.It is a high-elevation railway，（ 6） ______ route includes a station in the Tanggula Mountains，which is the highest railway station in the world.
Another celebrated structure，the Bank of China Tower in Hong Kong，was designed by renowned architect 1.M.Pei. （7） ______ （ it）triangular shape was inspired by bamboo shoots，symbolizing growth and hope.
Looking to the future，Chinese architects are exploring several possibilities，the concept of "sponge cities（海绵城市）" （8） ______ （ include）.This innovation could help with the country's water （9） ______ （ short）by absorbing rainwater and turning it （10） ______ drinking water.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
42. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
（1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last Sunday，I got up early and cooked noodles for my parents.First，I boil some water，but then I put some noodles into the pot.About five or six minutes late，I carefully placed it in the bowls and added some salt and oil.When my parents got up，they were surprised and praised me for big smiles.It was the first time that I had been cooked for them.That was a valuable experience，from what I got a deeper understanding of my parents.
As teenager，we have the responsibility to share some housework.Tired as the work might be，we can find value of labor and the joy of working.
六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）
43. 你校英文报正在进行主题为"合理上网"的征文，请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：
（1）合理上网的必要性；
（2）你对合理上网的建议。
注意：
（3）词数100左右；
（4）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Use the Internet Properly
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据原文Lyceum Theatre段Aside from the main theatre，it also has other facilities for your comfort like the bar，toilets and WiFi，as well as a shop that sells official theatre goods.（除了主剧院，它还有其他舒适的设施，如酒吧、厕所和WiFi，以及一家出售官方戏剧用品的商店）可知在Lyceum 剧院可以买到官方戏剧用品。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据原文Shakespeare's Globe段An open-air theatre where you can view the most amazing plays of Shakespeare's famous literary classics（这是一家露天剧院，你可以在这里观看莎士比亚著名文学经典中最令人惊叹的戏剧）可知如果你想了解更多关于露天经典戏剧的信息，你可以访问www.shakespearesglobe.com。故选D。
（3）文章出处题。介绍了伦敦的四家最佳剧院。可知这段文字最有可能来自一本指南。A.A guidebook.一本指南；B.A science report.一份科学报告；C.A storybook.一本故事书；D.A fashion magazine.一本时尚杂志。故选A。
本文是一篇应用文，介绍了伦敦的四家最佳剧院。
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。
4~7.【答案】B、C、A、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段The initial intention of the founders Ahmed Taha and his wife was to teach youngsters how to cook at home with natural and organic ingredients（食材）.But as the number of applicants rose，they decided to take further steps.（创始人艾哈迈德•塔哈和他的妻子最初的意图是教年轻人如何在家里用天然和有机的食材做饭。但随着申请人数的增加，他们决定采取进一步措施。）可知艾哈迈德•塔哈和他的妻子一开始就成立了微笑厨房是为了教年轻人在家做饭。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段"Cooking has been my hobby since I was a teenager， "said Manal al-Khatib，a Gazan woman. （"从我十几岁起，烹饪就是我的爱好，"加沙妇女马纳尔•哈提卜（Manal al-Khatib）说。）可知从第4段可以了解到关于马纳勒•哈提卜从小就对烹饪感兴趣。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Having graduated from the school，al-Khatib is planning to launch her own business and market the products through social media. （从学校毕业后，al-Khatib计划创办自己的企业，并通过社交媒体推销产品。）可知哈提卜毕业后想创办自己的企业。故选A。
（4）推理判断题。根据第三段Once they graduate，some join local restaurants，some work for international restaurants outside Gaza，and some start their own businesses.（毕业后，一些人加入当地餐馆，一些人在加沙以外的国际餐馆工作，还有一些人自己创业。）以及最后一段In addition to helping the students seek job opportunities，the school has provided them with the opportunity to be part of the competitions on cooking. "In 2020，four of our students managed to win five medals，including silver and bronze ones，in a competition held in Dubai， "Taha said.（除了帮助学生寻找工作机会外，学校还为他们提供了参加烹饪比赛的机会。塔哈说："2020年，我们的四名学生在迪拜举行的比赛中赢得了五枚奖牌，包括银牌和铜牌。"）可知学校毕业生的未来是有前途且充满希望的。故选 B。
本文是一篇说明文，在地中海岸城市加沙，很多人在一所叫做Smile Kitchen 的学校学习烹饪。创办者Ahmed Taha和他的妻子一开始办这所学校是想教年轻人在家用天然有机食材烹制菜肴，如今这所学校已经成为了一个品牌。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
8~11.【答案】B、C、D、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据最后一段Humans and chimps share a common ancestor but split into separate evolutionary families perhaps 7 million years ago.（人类和黑猩猩有一个共同的祖先，但可能在700万年前分裂成了不同的进化家族。）可知从这篇文章中我们能了解到黑猩猩和人类有着共同的祖先。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Girard-Buttoz said researchers need to explore in detail the situations surrounding these calls.（Girard-Buttoz说，研究人员需要详细探索这些电话的情况。）可知Girard Buttoz认为他们的研究团队还有很多工作要做。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Playback（回放）experiments are needed， "he added. "Then we can find whether the suspected meaning matches the behavioral reaction of chimps when they hear the call."（"回放实验是必要的，"他补充说。"然后我们就可以发现，这些可疑的含义是否与黑猩猩听到叫声时的行为反应相符。"）可知回放实验的目的是看看这些电话的可疑含义是否正确。故选D。
（4）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，以及根据文章的第一句Scientists who study the evolution of language say wild chimps（黑猩猩）have a more complex communication system than past research has shown.（研究语言进化的科学家说，野生黑猩猩的交流系统比过去的研究显示的要复杂得多。）表明该研究的发现：黑猩猩有一套颇为复杂的交流系统，其余段落围绕该句展开解释。所以本文主要介绍了一项研究的成果。故选C。
这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究语言进化的科学家表示，野生黑猩猩的交流系统比过去的研究显示的更复杂。研究人员表示，这种动物会发出十多种叫声，可以组合成数百种不同的叫声。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
12~15.【答案】A、C、D、D
【解析】（1）词义猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子It's obvious that plastic pollution is a big problem nowadays.Luckily，researchers have found a chemical from a kind of worm can degrade one of the most common forms of plastic.The finding could open up new ways to deal with the problem.（很明显，塑料污染现在是一个大问题。幸运的是，研究人员发现一种蠕虫体内的化学物质可以降解一种最常见的塑料。这一发现可能为解决这一问题开辟新的途径。）以及第三段When she returned，she found the bag was full of holes.All this made her wonder if the worms were eating the plastic or if there was a chemical reaction that caused the holes，leading to the idea of the research.（当她回来时，她发现袋子满是洞。所有这些都让她想知道，是蠕虫在吃塑料，还是化学反应导致了这些洞，从而产生了这项研究的想法。）可知划线词意思是"分解"。A.Break down.降解，分解；B.Bring forth.拿出；C.Compete with.与...竞争；D.Pick out.挑选。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段The recently-discovered enzymes were found in the saliva（唾液）of the wax worm moth.They appear to act in only a few hours.（最近发现的酶是在蜡虫蛾的唾液中发现的。他们似乎在几个小时内就行动了。）以及最后一段The enzymes appeared to break down polyethylene in only a few hours at room temperature.（在室温下，这种酶似乎只需要几个小时就能分解聚乙烯。）可知最近发现的酶的优势是它们的作用非常快。故选C。
（3）段落大意题。根据第三段Federica Bertocchini is one of the researchers who helped write a study on the finding.She is also a beekeeper.Bertocchini said that one year she found her honeycombs full of wax worms.Honeycombs are built by bees to store honey.She cleaned the honeycombs and put the worms in a plastic bag.When she returned，she found the bag was full of holes.All this made her wonder if the worms were eating the plastic or if there was a chemical reaction that caused the holes，leading to the idea of the research.（Federica Bertocchini是帮助撰写关于这一发现的研究的研究人员之一。她也是一个养蜂人。Bertocchini说有一年她发现她的蜂巢里满是蜡虫。蜂房是蜜蜂建造来储存蜂蜜的。她清洗了蜂巢，把虫子放进一个塑料袋里。当她回来时，她发现袋子满是洞。所有这些都让她想知道，是蠕虫在吃塑料，还是化学反应导致了这些洞，从而产生了这项研究的想法。）可知第3段主要告诉我们Bertocchini是如何提出这项研究的想法的。故选D。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段She adds，hopefully in the future，the enzymes can be used in homes，where each family could deal with their own plastic waste.（她补充说，希望在未来，这种酶可以在家庭中使用，每个家庭都可以处理自己的塑料垃圾。）可知根据文章，Bertochini对酶的期望是希望它们将成为一种家用产品。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文，研究人员在一种蠕虫的唾液中发现了可以使一些塑料降解的酶，而且其起效非常快。对解决塑料污染而言，这无疑是个好消息。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
16~20.【答案】A、G、F、B、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据上一句（有很多因素会把我们的注意力从手头的任务上转移开。当你迅速将注意力从一件事转移到另一件事时，你的注意力就被切断了。）可知此处说的是注意力很容易就被切断。所以A.It may bring about unintended mistakes.（这可能会带来意想不到的错误。）符合语境。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据下一句For example，say "I am here" to yourself when your attention moves away.This will bring your focus back to the present moment and to your work.（例如，当你的注意力转移时，对自己说"我在这里"。这会让你的注意力回到当下和工作上。）可知此处说的是说一些话来加强自己的注意力。所以G.To bring our attention back，it helps to associate a phrase with it.（为了引起我们的注意，将一个短语与之联系起来会有所帮助。）符合语境。故选G。
（3）推理判断题。根据下一句To improve the situation，fix a period of time—two or three hours—during which you will not check your phone or other gadgets.（为了改善这种情况，你可以在两三个小时内不检查手机或其他小工具。）可知此处说的是手机的问题。所以F.Keep track of the number of times you check your phone.（记录你检查手机的次数。）符合语境。故选F。
（4）推理判断题。根据上一句Next，concentrate on the sounds around you.What kinds of smells can you identify？ （接下来，集中注意力听周围的声音。你能识别出什么样的气味）可知此处说的是周围的气味。所以B.Is the taste of tea，coffee or milk pleasant？（咖啡或牛奶的味道好吗？）符合语境。故选B。
（5）推理判断题。根据上一句Listening is not only the most important part of communication，but also the most neglected one.As a rule，do not interrupt others while they are speaking.Acknowledge what they are saying and allow them to finish.This helps us focus better on the content of the conversation（倾听不仅是沟通中最重要的部分，也是最被忽视的部分。通常，在别人说话时不要打断他们。承认他们在说什么，让他们说完。这有助于我们更好地关注对话的内容。）可知此处说的是要好好倾听。所以D.In this way，it also improves interpersonal connections.（通过这种方式，它还改善了人际关系。）符合语境。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何将注意力集中在手头的任务上。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~40.【答案】A、C、D、C、A、B、B、D、C、A、D、B、C、B、D、C、A、D、B、A
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.enjoying享受；B.selling卖；C.washing洗；D.cooking做饭。根据上文In seconds，lunchtime could have become tragedy without quick action.描述是午餐时分，所以应该是吃鸡块，且下文中的"the student returned to the cafeteria to get a new plate of nuggets"也是提示。故答案为A。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.Imagining想象；B.Pretending假装；C.Realizing意识到，实现；D.Remembering记住。根据下句he couldn't breathe可知意识到Cashton无法呼吸，他的同学们奔跑着通知老师这个紧急情况。故答案为C。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.introduce介绍；B.challenge挑战；C.interview采访；D.warn警告。他的同学们奔跑着通知老师这个紧急情况。此处warn sb.about sth.意为"提醒某人注意某事"。故答案为D。
（4）考查动词/形容词/固定短语及语境理解。A.occupied忙于...的，被占领的；B.late晚的；C.on duty值班；D.on business出差。根据常识及下文She remembered hearing a commotion（骚乱） and seeing the kids（5）her（因为情况比较紧急，她听到一阵骚动，还看到孩子们朝她跑来。）可知，音乐老师Jordan Nguyen那天刚好值班。故答案为C。
（5）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.running towards朝某处跑；B.counting on依靠；C.responding to回复；D.smiling at向某人笑。因为情况比较紧急，她听到一阵骚动，还看到孩子们朝她跑来。故答案为A。
（6）考查名词及语境理解。A.conversation对话；B.emergency紧急事件；C.party晚会；D.activity活动。根据前文 （2）he couldn't breathe，his classmates rushed to（3）a teacher about the urgent situation.（意识到Cashton无法呼吸，他的同学们奔跑着通知老师这个紧急情况。）可知当她到达Cashton York身边时，紧急情况已经结束。故答案为B。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.laughing大笑；B.panicking恐慌；C.escaping逃跑；D.searching寻找。根据空前Garrett had leaped to his feet to help his friend 可知Garrett没有恐慌，而是立刻跳出去帮忙。故答案为B。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.explained解释；B.learned学习；C.observed观察；D.performed表演，实施。根据空后the Heimlich maneuver可知Garrett跳到餐桌的另外一边，走到Cashton后面，开始实施海姆利克急救法。故答案为D。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.reminded提醒；B.replayed重放；C.recalled回忆；D.remarked评论说。事情已经发生，此处是音乐老师Jordan回忆当时的情况。故答案为C。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.recovering恢复；B.suffering遭受；C.jumping跳；D.rising上升。根据上句By the time I reached Cashton，the food had already been removed可知当Jordan到达Cashton身边的时候，食物已经被除去了，说明他在恢复。故答案为A。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.stressed有压力的；B.weak虚弱的；C.sensitive敏感的；D.fine好的。根据上句The shaken- up Cashton was taken to the school nurse和but表示转折，可知当Cashton被送到学校护士那里时，他浑身发抖，但是很健康。故答案为D。
（12）考查动词及语境理解。A.suspected怀疑；B.informed告知；C.persuaded说服；D.recognized识别。根据常识可知Cashton 的父母被告知所发生事情的经过。故答案为B。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.satisfaction满意；B.excitement兴奋；C.shock惊讶；D.confusion困惑。与此同时，Jordan和其他工作人员仍然处于震惊状态。故答案为C。
（14）考查副词及语境理解。A.exactly准确地；B.extremely极其；C.partly部分地；D.barely仅仅。根据下句know in a matter of（15）my child could have choked to death on food可知Cashton的母亲说："几秒钟之内，我的孩子就可能被食物噎死，这真是太可怕了。"故答案为B。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.days天；B.hours小时；C.weeks周；D.seconds秒。Cashton的母亲说："几秒钟之内，我的孩子就可能被食物噎死，这真是太可怕了。"此处指在短短几秒钟之内。故答案为D。
（16）考查名词及语境理解。A.concern关心；B.regret后悔；C.appreciation感激，欣赏；D.sympathy同情。根据常识可知Cashton的母亲说："没有足够的语言来表达我对孩子获救的感激之情。"故答案为C。
（17）考查动词及语境理解。A.rescued救；B.blamed指责；C.understood理解；D.ignored忽略。Garrett后来解释说，他曾一度窒息，他的父亲救了他。上下文多次出现的"save"是提示。故答案为A。
（18）考查固定短语及语境理解。A.beyond reach够不着；B.beyond description无法描述；C.in demand需要；D.in trouble处于麻烦中。根据上句His father then taught him how to save someone else可知然后，他的父亲教他如何在别人需要帮助时拯救他们。故答案为D。
（19）考查形容词及语境理解。A.necessary必须的；B.special特殊的；C.similar相似的；D.national国家的。Jordan和学校的其他教职员工和学生通过一场特别仪式和"英雄奖"证书感谢 Garrett 的救援行动。故答案为B。
（20）考查形容词及语境理解。A.proud自豪的；B.careful小心的；C.certain特定的；D.fond喜欢的。根据上句The Norman fire and police departments came to honor the hero（诺曼消防和警察部门前来纪念这位英雄）可知Garrett的所作所为让父母为他骄傲。故答案为A。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Lakeview小学三年级的学生Garrett Brown在午餐时分用海姆利克急救法救下了同学的故事。
完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
41.【答案】【小题1】dynasties
【小题2】reflecting
【小题3】a
【小题4】was completed
【小题5】tallest
【小题6】a
【小题7】Its
【小题8】included
【小题9】shortage
【小题10】into
【解析】（1）考查可数名词的复数。句意：古代王朝来了又去，每个时代都反映出独特的建筑技艺。dynasty为可数名词，所以用名词复数表示不止一个，故填dynasties。
（2）考查现在分词。句意：古代王朝来了又去，每个时代都反映出独特的建筑技艺。reflect和句子主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故填reflecting。
（3）考冠词查。句意：目前，中国拥有几座现代建筑瑰宝。a couple of"几个"，为固定搭配，故填a。
（4）考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：其中包括去年在香港建成的一家医院。complete和句子主语之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，根据时间状语last year，可知描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，主语that指代的先行词为名词单数hospital，所以谓语用第三人称单数，故填was completed。
（5）考查形容词最高级。句意：其他著名的建筑包括世界第三高楼上海中心大厦和青藏铁路。前面有序数词和定冠词，所以用形容词最高级作定语，故填tallest。
（6）考查冠词。句意：这是一条高海拔铁路，路线包括唐古拉山中的一个车站，这是世界上最高的火车站。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，route是以辅音音素开头的，故填a。
（7）考查形容词性物主代词。句意：它的三角形形状的灵感来自竹笋，象征着成长和希望。放在名词前面，所以用形容词性物主代词，句首单词首字母大写，故填Its。
（8）考查过去分词。句意：展望未来，中国建筑师正在探索几种可能性，包括"海绵城市"的概念，这种创新可以通过吸收雨水并将其转化为饮用水来帮助解决国家的水资源短缺问题。include和它的逻辑主语the concept of "sponge cities之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词的独立主格结构，故填included。
（9）考查不可数名词。句意：展望未来，中国建筑师正在探索几种可能性，包括"海绵城市"的概念，这种创新可以通过吸收雨水并将其转化为饮用水来帮助解决国家的水资源短缺问题。作介词的宾语，所以用名词shortage，为不可数名词，故填shortage。
（10）考查介词。句意：展望未来，中国建筑师正在探索几种可能性，包括"海绵城市"的概念，这种创新可以通过吸收雨水并将其转化为饮用水来帮助解决国家的水资源短缺问题。turn...into"把……变成"，为固定搭配，故填into。
这是一篇说明文。众所周知，中国的历史可以追溯到几千年前。古代王朝来了又去，每个时代都反映出独特的建筑技艺。本文主要介绍了几座现代建筑瑰宝。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
42.【答案】Last Sunday，I got up early and cooked noodles for my parents.First，I boil some water， but then I put some noodles into the pot.About five or six minutes late，I carefully placed it in the bowls and added some salt and oil.When my parents got up，they were surprised and praised me for big smiles.It was the first time that I had been cooked for them.That was a valuable experience，from what I got a deeper understanding of my parents.
As teenager，we have the responsibility to share some housework. Tired as the work might be，we can find ∧value of labor and the joy of working.
详解：
1.考查时态。句意：首先，我煮了一些水，然后我把一些面条放进锅里。结合上文last Sunday可知，此处是在叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故boil改成boiled。
2.考查连词。句意：我煮了一些水，然后我把一些面条放进锅里。结合句意可知，上下文之间是顺承关系，而非转折关系，故应用连词and连接。故but改成and。
3.考查副词。句意：大约五六分钟之后，我小心地把它们放在碗里，加了一些盐和油。根据句意可知，此处表示"之后"应用副词later，形容词late"晚的"，不符合题意。故late改成later。
4.考查代词。句意：大约五六分钟之后，我小心地把它们放在碗里，加了一些盐和油。根据语境可知，此处代指上文提到的some noodles，应用宾格代词them表示"它们"。故it改成them。
5.考查介词。句意：当我父母起床时，他们很惊讶，笑着称赞我。根据句意可知，此处应用介词with表示"带着"，for表示原因，不符合题意。故for改成with。
6.考查语态。句意：这是我第一次为他们做饭。分析可知，从句主语I与动词cook之间是主动关系，故应用主动语态。故去掉been。
7.考查定语从句关系词。句意：这是一次宝贵的经历，通过这次经历，我对父母有了更深入的了解。分析可知，此处为"介词+关系代词"引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是a valuable experience，指物，在从句中作介词from的宾语，故应用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故what改成which。
8.考查可数名词复数。句意：作为青少年，我们有责任分担一些家务。teenager"青少年"是可数名词，根据后文we可知，此处应用其复数形式。故teenager改成teenagers。
9.考查形容词。句意：尽管工作可能很累，但我们可以找到劳动的价值和工作的乐趣。分析可知，此处应使用修饰物的形容词tiring"累人的"作表语，修饰主语the work，tired表示"感到累的"，修饰人，不符合题意。故tired改为tiring。
10.考查冠词。句意：尽管工作可能很累，但我们可以找到劳动的价值和工作的乐趣。结合语境可知，此处特指劳动的价值，故应用定冠词the表示特指。故在value前加the。
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了作者上星期天主动给父母做早饭的事情。
短文改错时要注意以下几点：1.快速阅读，整体把握短文大意；2.重视语境以及上下文的关系；3.充分运用基础语言知识找出错误所在。
43.【答案】Use the Internet Properly
With the development and popularity of information technology，it is now easier than ever to gain access to the Internet，which undoubtedly makes our life easier and more convenient.However，some people become addicted to online games for lack of self-discipline.What's worse，some teenagers get cheated online，bringing about many negative impacts.【高分句型一】（合理上网的必要性）
From where I stand，the Internet is a valuable tool for all of us.Nevertheless，we must use it properly.Firstly，we should be careful not to spend too much time online，which does great harm to our health.【高分句型二】Besides，it's necessary to be careful not to leak our private information to others to protect ourselves.（你对合理上网的建议）
【解析】高分句型一：What's worse，some teenagers get cheated online，bringing about many negative impacts.
译文：更糟糕的是，一些青少年在网上被骗，带来了许多负面影响。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语bringing about many negative impacts作状语。
高分句型二：Firstly，we should be careful not to spend too much time online，which does great harm to our health.
译文：首先，我们应该小心不要花太多时间上网，这对我们的健康有很大危害。
分析：这句话使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
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