衡阳县第四中学2023届高三英语下学期4月第三次测试试卷（Word版附解析）

这是一份衡阳县第四中学2023届高三英语下学期4月第三次测试试卷（Word版附解析），共34页。试卷主要包含了书面表达，阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，语法填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
衡阳县第四中学2022-2023学年高三下学期4月第3次测试
英语
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、书面表达
1、毕业之际,请你根据以下要点用英语给你的一位老师写封信,感谢他多年来给予你的教育和帮助。要点包括:
1.写作的目的;
2.老师给予你的教育和帮助:
3.你所取得的成绩。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.信件的开头和结尾已经给出,请接着往下写;
3.可适当增加细节,使文章过渡自然。
Dear Mr. Li,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
2、假定你是学生会主席李华,你校将举办以校园生活为主题的绘画比赛,请给你校交换生Chris写封邮件,邀请他参加。内容包括:
1.活动意义;
2.参赛要求。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
二、阅读理解
Many African people have always dreamed that one day the capitals of all African countries will be linked by high-speed railway lines. Now they have one step closer to realizing that dream.
On October 10, 2016, Africa's first modern electrified railway, the Ethiopia-Djibouti railway, became fully operational. This railway, built by Chinese companies, is the first railway built using a complete set of Chinese standards outside China.
But it has not been easy for Chinese companies to win Ethiopian support for the project. The Ethiopian government once considered Western standards the best ones. But thanks to China's outstanding performance in building and managing railways, Chinese firms ended up getting the project.
“After rounds of talks, the Ethiopian government came to realize that Chinese standards are not inferior(次于) to western ones, and more importantly, they best suit the country,” Meng Fengchao, board chairman of China Railway Construction Corp, told Xinhua.
This is just another of China's recent achievements in railway building China has the world's longest railway and they make up a huge 60 percent of the world's total. Besides length, China also does well in speed. China is the only country with trains running at 350 km per hour on lines such as Beijing-Tianjin and Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railways.
Thanks to these achievements, it's easy to forget that China wasn't an early starter in the high-speed rail network game. Japan started 50 years ago, while Germany began 20 years ago. China only launched its high-speed railway 14 years ago.
How has China's high-speed railway been able to develop so quickly? The driving force behind the fast development has been the country's great need for transportation.
“The high-speed railway not only covers the distance, but also connects people, information and goods, greatly boosting the regional economy, people's lives and tourism, " Huang Xin, an official from China Railway Corporation, told China Daily. The high-speed railway has become the transportation of choice for many Chinese people. According to China Railway Corp, about 4,200 bullet trains run in China each day, meaning that more than 4.5 million passengers can travel.
This is only the beginning of China's high -speed railway development. The National Development and Reform Commission said that China plans to have 38,000 km of high-speed railways by 2025.
3、What can be learned about the Ethiopia-Djibouti railway?
A. It was still under construction.
B. It links capitals of several countries.
C. It was the first electrified railway in Africa.
D. It was a combination of Chinese and West standards.
4、What is China's recent achievement in railway building?
A. China helps many other countries build railway.
B. Chinese standards suit most of the countries in the world.
C. China excels at both the length of railway and speed of trains.
D. China is one of the countries whose trains can run at 350km/h.
5、Which statement is true according to the passage?
A. China was the pioneer of building high-speed rail networks.
B. China spent 14 years building a longest railway in the world.
C. China's railway accounts for less than 60% of the world's total.
D. China's great need for transportation has driven railway development.
6、Which could be the best title for the text?
A. China's Railways Go to the World.
B. The Corporation between China and Africa.
C. The Railway Development in Africa.
D. The History of High-speed Railway in the world.
Electric cars are already greener than petrol cars in almost every part of the world today, according to researchers. They say electric vehicles are "a no-regret choice" even in places where power nets haven't gone fully green.
Some previous comparisons suggested petrol cars produce lower net carbon emissions (净碳排放量) over their lifetime than battery-powered cars. Yet these analyses have often com-pared only two fixed models of cars.
Instead, the researchers from Radboud University looked at the average emissions across many classes of car to get a clearer global picture. It includes during its production, while it is being driven and when it is broken, for all the petrol and electric cars sold in 59 areas across the world in 2015. They connected with information of those areas in the following years and found that the electric vehicles are greener than the new petrol cars. Electric vehicles already have lower net carbon emissions in 53 of those 59 areas. Only in some countries that use coal heavily, such as India and Poland, are electric car emissions worse than those of petrol cars.
The researchers say that the differences between petrol and electric cars on the carbon emissions will grow bigger as power stations get greener. By 2030, they expect the carbon emissions of electric cars to be 20 percent lower than that in 2015, and 30 percent lower by 2050. The suggestions for governments are clear, says Knobloch. "There is no need to wait. Don't be confused by all those different results out there. It's a no-regret choice already."
7、Why did the former comparison show petrol cars more greener?
A. It was too simple. B. It had no scientific basis.
C. It lacked experimental evidence. D. It lacked enough reference objects.
8、How many areas do electric cars have higher net carbon emissions?
A.6. B.53. C.59. D.112.
9、What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Petrol cars will be fully replaced.
B. The carbon emissions of electric cars will be zero.
C.Power stations will get huge advance technologically.
D. Petrol cars' pollution will force people to buy electric cars.
10、What is the purpose of the text?
A. To state the development of electric cars.
B. To tell readers how to choose an electric car.
C. To show electric cars are greener than petrol cars.
D. To state the differences between petrol and electric cars.
What kind of potato chips would you create, and what would you name it, if you wanted to sell the product to pregnant women?
This was the task that marketing professors Kelly Herd and Ravi Mehta presented to more than 200 adults, in a study of how emotion impacts creativity. The participants were divided evenly into two groups. Group A were simply given the assignment without any extra instructions. Group B were told to take a few minutes, before beginning the task, to imagine how the customer would feel while eating the snack.
The amateur product designers came up with different potato chip ideas and descriptions, but the most creative were: Pickles-and-ice-cream chips, Sushi chips, and Margarita-for-Mom chips. The most creative ideas came from the group that had thought about how the consumer would feel before starting the task. “I think it is fascinating to see the result—the empathy(同理心) has great influence in maximizing creativity,” Herd says. “This is one of those areas of psychology that hasn’t been clarified yet for marketers: how does thinking of others’ feelings affect those who are creating new work?”
“We’ve shown that empathy can change the way in which you think,” Herd says. “We’ve looked at it in a somewhat narrow context of product design, but it appears that amazing things, such as imagining how someone else feels, can have a huge impact on creativity in general.”
Herd and Mehta conducted five separate experiments, including asking participants to design a child’s toy, select materials for a new kind of food for kids, and redesign a grocery cart for the elderly. And these experiments provided more evidence for their finding.
The researchers believe the initial focus on others’ feelings creates the ability to consider issues from diverse points of view. The ability to “shift avenues of thought” while perceiving and processing information is a benefit to creativity.
“An interesting trend in marketing now is that large companies are developing new ideas for products and services from their customers’ suggestions,” says Herd. This year alone, more than half of consumer goods manufacturers say they will get 75% of their innovation and research and development capabilities from crowd-sourcing(众包).
In an ultra-competitive marketplace, few companies will survive for long without innovation and new products, Herd says. In fact, a 2016 study published in Business News Daily found that 82% of company executives interviewed believe there is a strong connection between creativity and business results.
11、What should the participants in Group B do before the assignment?
A. Try the chips currently on sale. B. Think from a customer’s angle.
C. Meet with the producers of the chips. D. Remember all materials of the chips.
12、What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. The influence of empathy. B. The importance of creativity.
C. The benefit of the chips. D. The feeling of others.
13、What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. The effect of crowd-sourcing on business results.
B. The fierce competition faced by large companies.
C. The significance of innovation to business competition.
D. The role of crowd-sourcing in the creation of new products.
14、Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. The most effective way to inspire creativity
B. A promising avenue for best-selling products
C. The influence of creativity in product marketing
D. The power of empathy in product development
Involving little rote learning, a new teaching approach is becoming popular where teachers encourage debate and discussion in the classroom. How will students cope with this inspiring style of teaching? One way is through critical thinking, which is a necessary skill.
The easiest way to learn to think critically is to force yourself to question everything, according to Michael Tabachnick, a physics professor at Delaware Valley College. “That does not mean you can't believe, but you must question. Is it true? Is it opinion? Is it justified by the fact? Students eventually learn to analyze,” Tabachnick said.
Young learners constantly ask questions because they are curious about the world that remains unknown to them. But this natural curiosity disappears with time.
However, questioning your teachers should be encouraged. After all, they are the ones who have been educated, and have a lot more experience and knowledge than students.
When I taught in a college in Scotland, I enjoyed answering students' questions. Some of my students posted difficult queries(问题). I didn’t always know the answers. If I didn’t, I’d admit it and try to find out later.
I still remember when I was at university, my peers and I were encouraged to challenge each other and our professors. A student would write a paper on a subject, and fellow students would criticize it. It could be very challenging. But it was a way of developing critical thinking and logical thinking. Having a logical mind can help develop critical thinking. Some people don't have a logical mind, but they do have emotional intelligence, which is also important for critical thinking. People with high emotional intelligence can understand other people's feelings, communicate properly with them, and read their personalities. If you can't at least try to put yourself in someone else's shoes, how can you understand their situations, their problems and their issues?
So, try to develop your power of critical thinking. Start with books, films, music and newspapers. And don't believe everything you read or see. Think for yourself.
15、Which of the following is an example of an inspiring style of teaching?
A. Students are organized to have some discussion.
B. Students are asked to recite some historical facts.
C. Students are required to copy some historical facts.
D. Students are quizzed on some famous people in history.
16、How can you develop critical thinking as Michael Tabachnick says?
A. Have a debate on a subject. B. Do not believe anything.
C. Discuss a topic with classmates. D. Ask a question and analyze.
17、What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A. The fault in the answer I gave.
B. The fact that I didn't know the answers.
C. The good questions that students asked.
D. The answers that I needed to find out later.
18、How can emotional intelligence help critical thinking?
A. People with high emotional intelligence are open-minded.
B. People with high emotional intelligence are good at criticizing.
C. High emotional intelligence helps people understand others better.
D. High emotional intelligence helps people think in a more logical way.
A beloved pet that went missing in the Highlands area of Vancouver Island was found seven days later by an army of volunteers and was reunited with her owner.
The mastiff-retriever cross(马士提夫獒犬), named Luna, was found trapped on a narrow cliff ledge(岩架), and was reunited with her owner after a heroic rescue last month. It's believed that Luna had chased an animal out of her yard and got lost, somehow falling off a cliff and landing on a two-foot wide ledge. She remained there, alone, as her owner and searchers wildly looked for her.
"It was terrible because it was getting colder and she always sleeps next to me or my daughter," said Saryta Schaerer, Luna's owner.
"After she'd been missing for several days, there was a break in the case. Across the water, Ron Cheeke had heard Luna's cries for help. Cheeke decided to record the sound and notify the pet rescue group ROAM. He even went so far as to search the area in a boat to try to locate the exact source of the sound. I used a pot, and every time I banged on the pot, the dog barked back," Cheeke told CTV News.
Eventually, after searching on both water and land, a team found the scared dog and used a harness(保护带) to pull her back to safety and to her owner. "I almost fell over when I saw her—it was quite exciting," said Schaerer.
Cheeke said his own dog had died recently and he was motivated to help. "I lost my dog last year, so it was good," said Cheeke. "It's good to see it back with its owners."
"There's no feeling like it. When you're involved with this and you get the owner back with the pet, it's worth all the money in the world," added ROAM volunteer Andy Carswell.
19、Which of the following happened to Luna first?
A. Luna was found stuck on a narrow spot.
B. Luna fell off a cliff and remained there.
C. Luna's owner tried to find her back.
D. Luna ran after an animal and went missing.
20、Why did Cheeke keep knocking on the pot?
A. To be sure where the cry came from. B. To draw attention to the passers-by.
C. To encourage Luna to cry for help. D. To remind volunteers of the cries.
21、What can we infer from Cheeke's words in Paragraph 6?
A. He was determined. B. He was adaptable.
C.He was sympathetic. D.He was cooperative.
22、Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. Volunteers Praised for Saving a Dog B. A Missing Dog Reunited with Owner
C. A Dog Cried Tears of Joy When Found D. A Seven-day Rescue Ended in Peace
Our planet is losing species at an alarming rate. As the world has become increasingly industrialized, natural habitats have been destroyed to build cities that are unlivable for wildlife. However, a pair of European designers, architect Rene Hougaard and product designer Alexander Qual, believe there are ways to encourage cities to coexist with nature. Inspired by everyday pcople who build "insect hotels" in their backyards, they've created outdoor furniture that would be beautiful to look at, but also allow bugs, birds and wildflowers to thrive(繁殖).
The natural world tends to appear messy and chaotic to the human eye, but there is often method in the madness. Qual and Hougaard kept this in mind as in all the structures, they played with the concepts of order and messiness.
Qual created a large, yellow, leaf-shaped insect hotel, that's designed to be placed on a flower bed in a park. The structure contains wooden blocks with holes that are 6, 7 and 8 millimeters in diameter(直径), since different insect species prefer holes of different sizes.
Hougaard created a metal log bench with an empty space in the middle specifically designed to hold a decaying(腐烂的) log that can provide a habitat for insects and plants, along with birds and bats. While humans often shun decay, Hougaard imagines a place where people can sit down and observe the slow process in which bacteria break down the wood, creating food for insects, birds and other animals.
As for the question of whether people actually want to be so close to bugs, snakes and nesting birds, the designers acknowledge that modern humans have been trained to stay away from such creatures. But Hougaard says these structures keep animals contained, while allowing people to observe and appreciate them safely. And eventually, if we want to maintain biodiversity, humans need to become much more comfortable living alongside wildlife, rather than feeling the need to destroy it. After all, we humans need nature to survive.
23、Why did Hougaard and Qual build insect hotels?
A. To inspire more people to build one.
B. To bring biodiversity back to cities.
C.To provide a way to manage the city.
D. To slow down the process of industrialization.
24、What did Hougaard and Qual mainly consider in designing their structures?
A. The size of species. B.The variety of colors.
C.The building materials. D. The combination of order and disorder.
25、Which of the following can replace the underlined word "shun" in Para.4?
A. Avoided. B.Created. C.Observed. D. Provided.
26、What can be concluded from the last paragraph?
A. Bugs and snakes annoy people a lot.
B. Modern people have destroyed some creatures.
C. People should protect wildlife for our own good.
D. Hougaard's structures enable people to touch the animals.
Vellum(羊皮纸) is the material on which history was written and made. Centuries after its peak, it is still in production. Vellum is still a healthy industry, says Paul Wright of William Cowley Parchment Makers in a small workshop. But his company is the last vellum maker left in Britain. The lack of competition is good for Mr. Wright but bad for the craft.
In the past two years Heritage Crafts, an industry body, has produced lists of 130 critically endangered skills. That might not seem alarming. Heritage Crafts shows Britain is a nation of heritage lovers-the National Trust, a heritage charity, proudly notes that it has more members than Costa Rica has people. Britons tend to think of heritage in the country-house-and-gardens sense: history, served with a helping of high tea. Britain does not subscribe to UNESCO’s convention on safeguarding immaterial heritage. But Daniel Carpenter, the head of Heritage Crafts, argues that people as well as fancy houses are an important “part of our culture”.
Words alone cannot keep crafts alive. Greg Rowland is a wheelwright: he makes and repairs wooden wheels for various uses. His family have been wheelwrights, on and off, since1331. Much of his knowledge cannot be reduced to words. “When you are driving a spoke(辐条) in,” he says, “you know when it’s home because the sound changes slightly.” This can only be learnt by doing. “You can’t learn a sound from a book.”
Even those deaf to the importance of immaterial heritage might be aware of its consequences. For many buildings, particularly churches, shortages are pressing. When the Notre Dame Cathedral Paris burnt down, Paris struggled to find craftspeople to repair it.
If Britain is not to lose other skills, its politicians will have to take action. So far, Mr. Carpenter says, they have had “very little motivation”. But their interest has been piqued recently. The Palace of Westminster is being rebuilt and they have struggled to find skilled workers to restore it. This, says Mr. Carpenter, is drawing their attention to the problem nicely.
27、What do we know about the vellum industry?
A. It is run by Heritage Crafts.
B. It has been in sustainable growth for long.
C. It is in competition with the National Trust.
D. It is still surviving in Britain.
28、What does Rowland think of wheelmaking?
A. It is hands-on work. B. It has experienced ups and downs.
C. It has been introduced in many books. D. It should be partly automated.
29、Which of the following can replace the underlined word “piqued” in the last paragraph?
A. Maintained. B. Inspired. C. Decreased. D. Shared.
三、七选五
30、 We've seen photographs that seem to show unbelievable images, thanks to photo editing software. But do you know you can create images that look impossible without any fancy software or computer effects? ①_____
Playing with perspective
One of the easiest tricks is called forced perspective. ②_____ The person in front will look large, and the person farther away will look very small. The person in front can hold out their hand as if they were holding something, and the person in back is being held in the front person's hand. You can also do this trick with objects like the sun or a full moon.
Flying superheroes
How can you take a photograph of a friend so that they seem to be flying superheroes? Have your friend dress up in a superhero costume, especially one with a cape(斗篷). You can pose them outside against the open sky, and have another friend hold the cape out so it looks like they're flying. Position yourself low and take the photo looking slightly upward so the ground isn't visible. After you take the photo, you can cut it, ③_____
Other tricks
You can have several of your friends lie flat on a solid-colored sheet so they're arranged to look like they're piled in a human pyramid. ④_____ If you take the photo in the moment when they are off the ground, you can cut it so they look like they're floating. Have a friend draw funny eyeballs on the back of their hand and then hold their hand across their real eyes for a funny face photo.
⑤_____ The only rule is not to do anything risky and to have fun.
A. so the hand holding the cape out isn't visible.
B. so your friends look like they are trapped inside.
C. You can create your own trick photos by exploring other ways to use all these tricks.
D. You can also take a photo of your friend jumping up into the air.
E. Here are some easy tricks that can create images fooling your eyes.
F. The other method is to take a sheet, lay it flat on the ground, and decorate it with buildings.
G. To do this, you set up a camera shot with someone close to the camera and someone farther away.
31、Three Ways to Slow Down Myopia
Myopia, which is also known as short-sightedness or nearsightedness, is a growing problem. In fact, a recent study predicts that myopia will affect vision for nearly half of the global population by 2050. Myopia usually begins in childhood and tends to get worse as people get older. This can have a negative impact on one's everyday life. ①_____ Here's how.
First, put the devices away. Data from 145 studies covering 2.1 million participants revealed that increases in myopia are driven principally by lifestyle. Today's youth spend a lot of time performing near work activities, often on electronic devices. Of course, it's unrealistic not to use these devices at all. ②_____
Next, go outside. Increased outdoor activity has been shown to slow the onset of myopia by 11%-34%. One possible reason is that components of sunlight activate vitamin D, which may play a potential role in eye growth. ③_____ This places fewer near-vision demands on young eyes.
④_____ Regular glasses and contact lenses(隐形眼镜) can help people see more clearly, but they do not slow down the progression of myopia. However, certain types of contact lenses including soft lenses can slow down the speed at which myopia develops, providing a more effective and efficient treatment option. Just consult your doctor.
Controlling myopia is important because the dependency on glasses can reduce one's ability to participate actively in sports and other activities. ⑤_____ Therefore, take steps to keep your eyes healthy.
A. Finally, try not to wear glasses.
B. Finally, ask your doctor about ways to manage myopia.
C. Myopia can be caused by family history, lifestyle or both.
D. But try to limit them so that there's more balance in the day.
E. And increasing myopia can sometimes lead to future eye health problems.
F. Fortunately, new research is lighting the path to improved strategies to manage myopia.
G. Also, people are usually engaged in more distance vision activities when they're outside.
四、完形填空（15空）
It was a dream born in fire. Andrea Peterson was five when she and her mother were trapped on the ledge(窗台) of a burning building.
"Throw the 1 down!" said one of the firemen below, and little Andrea leaped into lifesaving arms, which motivated a life-long ambition: She wanted to 2 fires as her rescuers did. She told that to the men who had 3 her, and they laughed good-naturedly the way 4 do when a kid says she wants to be an astronaut or a sports star. "You'll be a good mommy," the 5 told her. "But you can never be a firefighter."
And then, as it tends to do, life doesn't 6 her dreams. Pressured by her parents, she studied in an aviation school to become a flight attendant—and that's where she met her husband, Dennis. Unfortunately, Dennis was diagnosed with cancer. Peterson 7 thirty-one years caring for the man she loved.
It wasn't until four years ago, after her 8 passed away, that she felt that long-ago childhood dream calling. She 9 volunteering at a local fire station. She spent a year lifting weights and watching her 10 to keep fit. Later she began 11 alongside men in their teens and 20s until she was 12 .
Finally, Peterson became the only woman of the department's staff of twenty-seven firefighters. She has now 13 more than 350 emergency calls, helping so many people beat back fires. She says, "I've always known that this is my 14 . It doesn't matter how 15 I had to work or how long I had to wait."
32、A. fire B. kid C. tool D.rope
33、A. make B. light C. fight D. cease
34、A. saved B. trapped C.accepted D. defeated
35、A. heroes B. scientists C. sportsmen D. grown-ups
36、A. neighbors B. firemen C.passers-by D. volunteers
37、A. complete B. abandon C. stop D. follow
38、A. spent B. wasted C. needed D. spared
39、A. patient B. husband C. teacher D. rescuer
40、A. advised B. missed C. started D. denied
41、A. job B. safety C. life D. diet
42、A. training B.working C. waiting D. reading
43、A. disappointed B. mature C. practical D. ready
44、A. renewed B. made C. answered D. rejected
45、A. honor B. dream C. reward D. pleasure
46、A. hard B. helpfully C. well D. attentively
五、语法填空
47、 Camping was so popular as to even become a fashion across China during the just-concluded National Day holiday, with some joking that “half of the friends ①_____ WeChat were camping. Outdoor camping sites were popular during the holiday and had to ②_____(book) several days in advance.
According to research firm iiMedia Research, the core market size of China’s camping economy reached 74.75 billion yuan ($10.5 billion) in 2021, ③_____ was 62.5 percent up year-on-year.
More market-sensitive players are plowing into the industry. In 2021, more than 20,000 new camping-related enterprises sprang up in China, ④_____ over 5,000 have been set up this year, according to the information provider Tianyancha.
Huzhou, ⑤_____ popular tourist destination in East China’s Zhejiang province, hosted the first Camping Conference in the Yangtze River Delta in June. It also became one of the first to ⑥_____(official) regulate the construction standards and ⑦_____(safe) supervision (监管) of camping sites. ⑧_____(follow) Huzhou, Beijing and Nanjing in Jiangsu province have also introduced related policies for the healthy development of the industry.
“Consumers’ demand for outdoor activities ⑨_____(increase) in recent years. I believe ⑩_____(many) people will join in camping and other outdoor activities in the long run,” said Liang Qidong, vice president of the Liaoning Academy of Social Sciences.
48、 While mothers in most families decide what the family has to eat, fathers' words are often seen as more important when it comes ①_____ major family issues, such as investment. All these details are sending ②_____ signal: Men are still in a dominant position in society, according to the ninth Global Gender Gap Report.
The report, ③_____(release) by the nonprofit organization the World Economic Forum on Oct 28th, found that although the gender gap ④_____(narrow) in the past years, men still get more opportunities in education, the economic and political worlds, and even healthcare.
It tracked the gender gaps in 1142 countries and found that in most cases, boys get more chances to go to school than girls. When they grow up, women are more ⑤_____(like) to be full- time moms with no pay and have less say in family decisions.
⑥_____ men dominate the adult world, many countries have witnessed a turning point in boys—they are losing ⑦_____(they) edge. In 2010, about 64 percent of outstanding high school students in the US were girls. About 45 developing ⑧_____(country) have more girls attending middle school than boys. Especially in China, female students account for 51.35 percent of the students in higher educational institutions.
US author Richard Whitmire once wrote that boys are more ⑨_____(easy) distracted by video games and have fewer male teachers ⑩_____(follow) at school.
49、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
"There is no place like it on the planet. The large amount of ①________ (creative) we find in Dunhuang spans(跨越) a thousand-year period," said Neil Schmid, resident scholar at the Dunhuang Academy.
Due to its great significance, China has recently launched ②________ cultural heritage platform supported by blockchain technology to share digital materials of the Dunhuang Grottoes(石窟).
The platform was ③_______ (joint) developed by the Dunhuang Academy and Chinese tech giant Tencent. On this platform, people around the world can ④________ (permit) to use more than 6,500 pieces of high-definition materials in real-time.
Previously, visitors ⑤_______ (need) to wait for a week to get such permission. But the establishment of the digital platform helps online visitors get out of otherwise complex procedures and have ⑥________ (easy) access to Dunhuang.
In addition, online visitors are welcome to use these digital materials ⑦________ (design) their own cultural and creative products. In this way, designers can not only receive profit ⑧_______ their work, but also spread awareness of Dunhuang in creative ways.
"This is a pioneering project for ⑨_______ (offer) digital resources services in the cultural relic field, ⑩_______ could promote sustainable development of resource use," said Luo Jing, an official with the National Cultural Heritage Administration.
参考答案
1、答案：
Dear Mr. Li,
I'm going to leave this school soon. So I'm writing this letter to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for what you have done for me in the past three years.
When I first came to this school, I was poor in my English. With your patient teaching and timely guidance, I have become one of the top three students in English in the class. What's more, I even got the first prize in the English speech contest in the city last term. Without your help, I wouldn't have made such great progress.
Thank you again for what you have done for me. Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
2、答案：
Dear Chris,
How are you getting along? I am writing to invite you to participate in the on-coming painting contest in our school.
The contest, with the theme of “Life on Campus”, is aimed at enriching us students' after-class activities and arousing our affection for our school. You are always interested in painting, so I consider it a good opportunity for you to show your talent. Remember to submit your painting to Students' Union before November 10.
Looking forward to seeing your wonderful work.
Yours,
Li Hua
3、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中On October 10, 2016, Africa's first modern electrified railway, the Ethiopia-Djibouti railway, became fully operational.(2016年10月10日,非洲第一条现代化电气化铁路埃塞俄比亚-吉布提铁路全面投入运营。)可知,埃塞俄比亚-吉布提铁路是非洲第一条电气化铁路。故选C。
4、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第五段中China has the world's longest railway and they make up a huge 60 percent of the world's total. Besides length, China also does well in speed.(中国拥有世界上最长的铁路,占世界铁路总数的60%。除了长度,中国在速度上也做得很好。)可知,中国最近在铁路建设方面取得的成就包括中国在铁路长度和火车速度方面都很出色。故选C。
5、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段The driving force behind the fast development has been the country's great need for transportation.(快速发展背后的驱动力是国家对交通运输的巨大需求。)可知,中国对交通运输的巨大需求推动了铁路的发展。故选D。
6、答案：A
解析：标题概括题。阅读全文,并根据文章第二段On October 10, 2016, Africa's first modern electrified railway, the Ethiopia-Djibouti railway, became fully operational. This railway, built by Chinese companies, is the first railway built using a complete set of Chinese standards outside China.(2016年10月10日,非洲第一条现代化电气化铁路埃塞俄比亚一吉布提铁路全面运营。这条由中国公司建造的铁路是中国以外第一条使用中国标准建造的铁路。)和最后一段This is only the beginning of China's high -speed railway development. The National Development and Reform Commission said that China plans to have 38, 000 km of high-speed railways by 2025.(这只是中国高速铁路发展的开始。国家发展和改革委员会表示,到2025年,中国计划拥有3.8万公里的高速铁路。)等可知,文章主要介绍了中国高铁在非洲的发展情况以及中国高铁近几年所取得的成就和发展历史。选项A"中国的铁路走向世界"能够概括全文内容,适合作文章标题。故选A。
7、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Some previous comparisons suggested petrol cars produce lower net carbon emissions(净碳排放量) over their lifetime than battery- powered cars. Yet these analyses have often compared only two fixed models of cars.(之前的一些比较表明,汽油车在其使用寿命内产生的净碳排放量比电动汽车低。然而,这些分析往往只比较了两种固定型号的汽车)”可知,先前的比较显示汽油车更环保,因为它缺乏足够的参考对象。故选D。
8、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Electric vehicles already have lower net carbon emissions in 53 of those 59 areas. Only in some countries that use coal heavily, such as India and Poland, are electric car emissions worse than those of petrol cars.(在这59个地区中,电动汽车已经降低了53个地区的净碳排放量。只有在一些大量使用煤炭的国家,如印度和波兰,电动汽车的排放比汽油汽车更严重)”可知,电动汽车的净碳排放量比汽油汽车更高的地区有(59-53)6个。故选B。
9、答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The researchers say that the differences between petrol and electric cars on the carbon emissions will grow bigger as power stations get greener. By 2030, they expect the carbon emissions of electric cars to be 20 percent lower than that in 2015, and 30 percent lower by 2050.(研究人员表示,随着发电厂变得更加环保,汽油车和电动汽车在碳排放方面的差异将会越来越大。他们预计,到2030年,电动汽车的碳排放量将比2015年降低20%,到2050年将降低30%)”可推知,发电站将在技术上取得巨大进步。故选C。
10、答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Electric cars are already greener than petrol cars in almost every part of the world today, according to researchers. They say electric vehicles are ‘a no-regret choice’ even in places where power nets haven't gone fully green.(研究人员称,如今在世界上几乎所有地方,电动汽车都比汽油汽车更环保。他们说,即使在电网还没有完全实现绿色的地方,电动汽车也是“一个不后悔的选择”)”及下文可知,文章主要介绍了新的研究发现如今在世界上几乎所有地方,电动汽车都比汽油汽车更环保。由此推知,本文的目的是为了证明电动汽车比汽油车更环保。故选C。
11、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“Group B were told to take a few minutes, before beginning the task, to imagine how the customer would feel while eating the snack.(B组被要求在开始任务前花几分钟时间想象顾客在吃零食时的感受)”可知,B组参与者被要求在任务开始前从顾客的角度思考。故选B。
12、答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。根据第四段“We've shown that empathy can change the way in which you think,” Herd says. “We've looked at it in a somewhat narrow context of product design, but it appears that amazing things, such as imagining how someone else feels, can have a huge impact on creativity in general.”(“我们已经证明,同理心可以改变你的思考方式,”Herd说。 “我们在产品设计的狭隘背景下研究过这个问题,但它似乎表明,一些令人惊奇的事情,比如想象别人的感受,可以对创造力产生巨大的影响。”)可知,it指代上文提到的“empathy can change the way in which you think”,即同理心的影响。故选A。
13、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In an ultra-competitive marketplace, few companies will survive for long without innovation and new products, Herd says.(Herd说,在一个竞争异常激烈的市场中,没有创新和新产品,很少有公司能长久生存)”可知,创新在公司竞争中非常重要。故选C。
14、答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容,尤其第三段的“I think it is fascinating to see the result-the empathy(同理心) has great influence in maximizing creativity,” Herd says.(赫德说: “我认为,看到同理心在最大限度地发挥创造力方面产生巨大影响的结果是非常有趣的。”)和最后一段的“In an ultra-competitive marketplace, few companies will survive for long without innovation and new products, Herd says.(Herd说,在一个竞争异常激烈的市场中,没有创新和新产品,很少有公司能长久生存)”可知,文章主要介绍了同理心有利于创造力,而创造力有助于新产品的开发,这有在公司的市场竞争是很重要的。故“产品开发中移情的力量”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
15、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段Involving little rote learning, a new teaching approach is becoming popular where teachers encourage debate and discussion in the classroom. How will students cope with this inspiring style of teaching?(一种新的教学方法正在流行,这种方法很少涉及死记硬背,教师鼓励在课堂上进行辩论和讨论。学生将如何应对这种鼓舞人心的教学风格呢?)可知,组织学生在课堂上进行辩论和讨论是鼓舞人心的新的教学风格的一个例子。故选A。
16、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段The easiest way to learn to think critically is to force yourself to question everything, according to Michael Tabachnick, a physics professor at Delaware Valley College. “That does not mean you can't believe, but you must question. Is it true? Is it opinion? Is it justified by the fact? Students eventually learn to analyze,” Tabachnick said.(特拉华河谷学院物理学教授Michael Tabachnick表示,学会批判性思考的最简单方法是强迫自己质疑一切。Tabachnick说:"这并不意味着你不能相信,但你必须质疑。这是真的吗?这是观点吗?这有事实根据吗? ……学生最终会学会分析。")可知,质疑一切就是提出问题并进行分析才能像Tabachnick所说的那样培养批判性思维。故选D。
17、答案：B
解析：代词指代题。根据第五段划线词it的上文Some of my students posted difficult queries(问题).I didn't always know the answers.(我的一些学生提出了一些困难的问题。我并不总是知道答案。)和下文and try to find out later((以后再试着找出答案)可推知,it指代上文提到的I didn't always know the answers."我并不总是知道答案"这件事。A.The fault in the answer I gave.在我给出的答案中的错误;B.The fact that I didn't know the answers.我不知道答案这一事实;C.The good questions that students asked.学生提出的好问题;D.The answers that I needed to find out later.我以后需要找出的答案。故选B。
18、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中Some people don't have a logical mind, but they do have emotional intelligence, which is also important for critical thinking. People with high emotional intelligence can understand other people's feelings, communicate properly with them, and read their personalities.(有些人没有逻辑思维,但他们确实有情商,这对批判性思维也很重要。高情商的人能理解别人的感受,与他们恰当地沟通,并能读懂他们的性格。)可知,情商对批判性思维很重要,高情商有助于人们更好地理解他人。故选C。
19、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中It's believed that Luna had chased an animal out of her yard and got lost, somehow falling off a cliff and landing on a two-foot wide ledge.可知,Luna先从院子里跑出去追赶动物,意外从悬崖跌落下去,落在一个两米宽的地方。
20、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中 Across the water, Ron Cheeke had heard Luna's cries for help.及He even went so far as to search the area in a boat to try to locate the exact source of the sound.可知,Cheeke听见狗叫声,然后拍打锅弄出声音,以便判断狗叫声来源进而确定其位置。
21、答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段中Cheeke said his own dog had died recently and he was motivated to help...可知,Cheeke的狗最近去世,所以他感同身受,愿意去帮助狗的主人。因此我们可以判断 Cheeke是有同情心的(sympathetic)。
22、答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。综合全文内容可知,本文介绍一只名叫Luna的猎犬意外走失七天后被众人发现并合力解救出来使之与主人团圆。因此B项最符合题意。
23、答案：B
解析：细节推断题。根据第一段提到我们的星球的物种正以惊人的速度消失。“However, a pair of European designers, architect Rene Hougaard and product designer Alexander Qual, believe there are ways to encourage cities to coexist with nature.然而两个欧洲设计师,Rene Hougaard及Alexander Qual相信有办法鼓励城市与自然共存。”可知这两个设计师建造“昆虫旅馆”是为了使城市恢复生物多样性。故选B。
24、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Qual and Hougaard kept this in mind as in all the structures, they played with the concepts of order and messiness. Qual和Hougaard牢记在所有的建筑结构中,他们运用了有序与凌乱的理念”可知他们在设计中考虑的是将有序与无序进行了结合。故选D。
25、答案：A
解析：猜测词义题。根据第四段“While humans often shun decay, Hougaard imagines a place where people can sit down and observe the slow process in which bacteria breakdown the wood, creating food for insects, birds and other animals.” decay在前一句中有解释,意为“腐烂”,在这里“while”意为尽管,与该句主句部分形成对比关系,Hougaard设想一个人们能坐下来观察细菌分解木头,给昆虫、鸟类及其他动物的缓慢过程,因此“shun”的应该为“躲避,远离”之义。故选A。
26、答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“if we want to maintain biodiversity, humans need to become much more comfortable living alongside wildlife, rather than feeling the need to destroy it. After all, we humans need nature to survive.如果我们想要保持生物多样性,人类就要更加习惯与野生物种一起共存,而不是认为有必要破坏他。毕竟人类要依赖自然来生存”可知,人类为了自身的利益也应该保护野生物种。故选C。
27、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段Vellum(羊皮纸) is the material on which history was written and made. Centuries after its peak, it is still in production. Vellum is still a healthy industry, says Paul Wright of William Cowley Parchment Makers in a small workshop. But his company is the last vellum maker left in Britain.(皮纸是书写和创造历史的材料。在它达到顶峰几个世纪后,它仍在生产。威廉·考利羊皮纸制作公司的保罗·赖特在一个小作坊里说,皮纸仍然是一个健康的行业。但他的公司是英国仅存的一家牛皮纸制造商)可推知,现在牛皮纸产业虽然在英国只有一家了,但是依然存在。故选D。
28、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段Much of his knowledge cannot be reduced to words. “When you are driving a spoke(辐条) in,” he says, “you know when it’s home because the sound changes slightly.” This can only be learnt by doing. “You can’t learn a sound from a book.”(他的许多知识不能用文字来表达。他说:“当你把辐条开进去时,你知道它什么时候到家了,因为它的声音会有轻微的变化。”这只能通过实践来学习。“你不可能从书本上学到声音。”)可推知,罗兰对车轮制造认为是需要考经验的,而这需要亲自动手去做。故选A。
29、答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据前文So far, Mr. Carpenter says, they have had "very little motivation".(卡朋特先生说,到目前为止,他们"几乎没有动力")以及后文The Palace of Westminster is being rebuilt and they have struggled to find skilled workers to restore it. This, says Mr. Carpenter, is drawing their attention to the problem nicely.(威斯敏斯特宫正在重建,他们一直在努力寻找熟练工人来修复它。卡朋特先生说,这很好地吸引了他们的注意力)可知,英国政客们本来没有动力去维护,但是现在地吸引了他们的注意力,可推知"piqued"是"激发的意思"和B项"Inspired"意思相近。A.Maintained.维护;B.Inspired.激发;C.Decreased.降低;D.Shared.分享。故选B。
30、答案：EGADC
解析：①联系上文题。上文But do you know you can create images that look impossible without any fancy software or computer effects? (但你知道吗,如果没有任何花哨的软件或计算机效果,你可以创造出看起来不可能的图像?)说明可以有拍摄技巧,与空格处是承上启下,因此E.Here are some easy tricks that can create images fooling your eyes.(这里有一些简单的技巧,可以创造出欺骗你眼睛的图像。)符合语境,故选E。
②联系下文题。下文The person in front will look large, and the person farther away will look very small.(前面的人看起来很大,远处的人看起来很小。)说明的是距离远近和人物大小的关心,与空格处是因果关系,G. To do this, you set up a camera shot with someone close to the camera and someone farther away.(为了做到这一点,你设置了一个与靠近相机的人和远处的人一起拍摄的相机。)有提到远近的人,符合语境,故选G。
③联系上文题。上文After you take the photo, you can cut it, (拍完照片后,你可以剪下来,)可知下文接上cut后的结果就是看不到了,因此A. so the hand holding the cape out isn't visible.(所以拿着斗篷的手是看不见的。)符合语境,故选A。
④联系上文题。上文You can have several of your friends lie flat on a solid-colored sheet so they're arranged to look like they're stacked in a human pyramid.(你可以让你的几个朋友平躺在一张纯色的床单上,这样他们就可以看起来像是堆在一个人类金字塔里。)说明可以拍摄照片的方式多中多样,与空格处是并列关系,因此D. You can also take a photo of your friend jumping up into the air.(你也可以拍一张你的朋友跳到空中的照片。)符合语境,故选D。
⑤联系下文题。下文The only rule is not to do anything risky and to have fun.(唯一的规则是不要做任何冒险的事情,要有乐趣。)说明拍照的技巧有很多,但也要遵循一定原则,因此C. You can create your own trick photos by exploring other ways to use all these tricks.(你可以通过探索其他使用这些技巧的方法来创建自己的技巧照片。)符合语境,故选C。
31、答案：FDGBE
解析：①上文“Myopia usually begins in childhood and tends to get worse as people get older. This can have a negative impact on one's everyday life.(近视通常始于儿童时期,并随着年龄的增长而恶化。这会对一个人的日常生活产生负面影响)”提到了近视会给人的日常生活产生负面影响;下文“Here's how.(这就是如何减轻的)”以及第二段开始提到减轻近视的方式。由此可推知,设空处转而提到了近视有办法缓解。F项“Fortunately, new research is lighting the path to improved strategies to manage myopia.(幸运的是,新的研究为改善近视管理策略指明了道路)”与上下文对应。故选F项。
②段落主旨句“First, put the devices away.(首先,把电子设备收起来)”提到了把电子设备收起来;上文“Of course, it's unrealistic not to use these devices at all.(当然,完全不使用这些设备是不现实的)”提到了完全不使用电子设备是不现实的。由此可推知,此处是建议减少电子设备的使用。D项"But try to limit them so that there's more balance in the day.(但是试着限制它们,这样一天就会有更多的平衡)"中的them指代上文的electronic devices,与上文对应。故选D项。
③段落主旨句“Next, go outside.(接下来,到外面去)”提到了到外面去;上文“One possible reason is that components of sunlight activate vitamin D, which may play a potential role in eye growth.(一个可能的原因是阳光中的成分会激活维生素D,而维生素D可能对眼睛的生长起着潜在的作用)”提到了阳光中的成分会激活维生素D,对眼睛有好处;下文“This places fewer near-vision demands on young eyes.(这就减少了对年轻人的近视眼的要求)”提到了这就减少了对年轻人近视眼的要求。G项“Also, people are usually engaged in more distance vision activities when they're outside.(此外,人们在户外时通常会进行更多的远距离视觉活动)”与上下文对应。故选G项。
④设空处为段落主旨句,应能概括本段主要内容;下文“Regular glasses and contact lenses(隐形眼镜) can help people see more clearly, but they do not slow down the progression of myopia. However, certain types of contact lenses including soft lenses can slow down the speed at which myopia develops, providing a more effective and efficient treatment option. Just consult your doctor.(普通眼镜和隐形眼镜可以帮助人们看得更清楚,但它们并不能减缓近视的发展。然而,某些类型的隐形眼镜,包括软性隐形眼镜,可以减缓近视的发展速度,提供更有效和高效的治疗选择。去咨询你的医生吧)”提到了咨询医生那些方法更有效缓解近视。B项“Finally, ask your doctor about ways to manage myopia.(最后,向你的医生咨询管理近视的方法)”与本段内容对应。故选B项。
⑤上文“Controlling myopia is important because the dependency on glasses can reduce one's ability to participate actively in sports and other activities.(控制近视很重要,因为对眼镜的依赖会降低一个人积极参与运动和其他活动的能力)”提到了控制近视的重要性;下文“Therefore, take steps to keep your eyes healthy.(因此,采取措施保持眼睛健康)”提到了需要采取措施保持眼睛健康。E项“And increasing myopia can sometimes lead to future eye health problems.(近视加剧有时会导致未来的眼部健康问题)”与上下文对应。故选E项。
32、答案：B
解析：句意:“把孩子扔下来!”下面的一名消防员说,小安德里亚跳到救生员的怀里,这激发了她毕生的抱负:她想和救援人员一样灭火。A.fre火;B.kid孩子;C.tool工具;D.rope绳子。根据上文"Andrea Peterson was five(安德里亚·彼得森5岁)"可知,“把孩子扔下来!”下面的一名消防员说道。故选B项。
33、答案：C
解析：句意:“把孩子扔下来!”下面的一名消防员说,小安德里亚跳到救生员的怀里,这激发了她毕生的抱负:她想和救援人员一样灭火。A.make制作;B.light点亮;C.fight打仗,击退;D.cease停止。根据下文"as her rescuers did(想和救援人员一样)"可知,激发了她毕生的抱负:她想和救援人员一样灭火。故选C项。
34、答案：A
解析：句意:她把这些话告诉了那些救过她的消防员们,他们善意地笑了起来,就像大人听到一个孩子说她想成为宇航员或体育明星时那样。A.saved救助;B.trapped使落入险境;C.accepted接受;D.defeated打败。根据下文“little Andrea leaped into lifesaving arms(小安德烈跳入救命的怀抱)”可知,她把这些话告诉了那些救过她的消防员们。故选A项。
35、答案：D
解析：句意:她把这些话告诉了那些救过她的人,他们善意地笑了起来,就像大人听到一个孩子说她想成为宇航员或体育明星时那样。A.heroes英雄;B.scientists科学家;C.sportsmen运动员;D.grown-ups成年人。根据上文“they laughed good-naturedly(他们善意地笑了)”以及常识可知,消防员们是成年人。故选D项。
36、答案：B
解析：句意:你会成为一个好妈妈的,消防员告诉她。"但你永远不可能成为一名消防员。"A.neighbors邻居;B.firemen消防员;C.passers-by路过的人;D.volunteers志愿者。根据上文"She told that to the men who had    3    her(她把这话告诉了_____她的人)"以及下文"firefighter消防员"可知,消防员告诉她,"但你永远不可能成为一名消防员"。故选B项。
37、答案：D
解析：句意:然后,就像往常一样,生活并没有追随她的梦想。A.complete完成;B.abandon放弃;C.stop停止;D.follow跟随。根据下文"Pressured by her parents, she studied in an aviation school to become a flight attendant(在父母的压力下,她在一所航空学校学习,成为一名空姐)"可知,她并没有成为消防员,生活并没有追随她的梦想。故选D项。
38、答案：A
解析：句意:安德里亚花了三十一年的时间来照顾她所爱的男人。A.spent花费;B.wasted浪费;C.needed需要;D.spared抽出。根据上文"Dennis was diagnosed with cancer(丹尼斯被诊断出患有癌症)"可知,安德里亚花了三十一年的时间来照顾她所爱的男人。故选A项。
39、答案：B
解析：句意:丈夫去世后,感觉到那个很久以前的童年梦想在召唤她。A.patient人;B.husband丈夫;C.teacher 教师;D.rescuer营救者。根据上文"Dennis was diagnosed with cancer(丹尼斯被诊断出患有癌症)"以及下文"passed away去世"可知,她的丈夫去世。故选B项。
40、答案：C
解析：句意:她开始在当地消防站做志愿者。A.advised建议;B.missed错过;C.started开始;D.denied否认。根据上文"she felt that long-ago childhood dream calling.(她感到很久以前的童年梦想在召唤她)"可知,她开始在当地消防站做志愿者。故选C项。
41、答案：D
解析：句意:为了保持健康,她花了一年的时间举重和节食。A.job工作;B.safety安全;C.life生活;D.diet节食。根据下文“to keep fit.(保持健康)”可知,她花了一年的时间举重和节食。故选D项。
42、答案：A
解析：句意:后来,她开始与十几岁和二十几岁的男性一起训练,直到她做好准备。A.training训练;B.working工作;C.waiting等待;D.reading阅读。根据常识可知,要成为一名合格的消防员要接受训练。故选A项。
43、答案：D
解析：句意:后来,她开始与十几岁和二十几岁的男性一起训练,直到她做好准备。A.disappointed失望的;B.mature成熟的;C.practical实际的;D.ready准备好的。根据上文"Later she began 11 alongside men in their teens and 20s until(后来,她开始和二十几岁的男人在一起_____直到)"可知,后来,她开始与十几岁和二十几岁的男性一起训练,直到她做好准备。故选D项。
44、答案：C
解析：句意:她现在已经接听了350多个紧急电话,帮助许多人击退了火灾。A.renewed更新:B.made制作;C.answered回答,回应;D.rejected拒绝。根据下文"350 emergency calls(350多个紧急电话)"可知,:她现在已经接听了350多个紧急电话。故选C项。
45、答案：B
解析：句意:她说, "我一直知道这是我的梦想。不管我工作有多辛苦,也不管我等了多久"。A.honor荣誉;B.dream梦想;C.reward回报;D.pleasure快乐。根据上文"a dream梦想"可知,当消防员是她的梦想,故选B项。
46、答案：A
解析：句意:她说, "我一直知道这是我的梦想。不管我工作有多辛苦,也不管我等了多久。"A.hard困难地;B.helpfully有帮助地;C. well好地;D.attentively聚精会神地。根据下文"how long I had to wait(我要等多久)"可知,不管安德里亚的工作有多辛苦,也不管安德里亚等了多久,她实现了自己的梦想。故选A项。
47、答案：①on②be booked③which④and⑤a⑥officially⑦safety⑧Following⑨has increased/has been increasing⑩more
解析：①考查介词。句意:在刚刚结束的国庆假期期间,露营非常受欢迎,甚至成为了一种时尚,有人开玩笑说"微信上一半的朋友都在露营。"表示"在微信上",所以用介词on,故填on。
②考查动词语态。句意:假期间,户外露营地很受欢迎,以至于它们必须提前几天预订。根据"had to"可知,此处需要填动词原形,"Outdoor camping sites"和"book"之间是被动关系,故填be booked。
③考查非限制性定语从句。句意:根据研究公司iiMedia research的数据,2021中国露营经济的核心市场规模达到了人民币747.5亿元(105亿美元),同比增长了62.5%。分析句子结构可知,空后是非限制性定语从句,从句缺主语,先行词是上文提到的增长量,应用关系代词which,故填which。
④考查连词。句意:据企业信息提供商天眼查介绍,2021年中国出现了2万多家露营相关企业,今年已成立5000多家。分析句子结构可知,设空处前后均为独立句子,表示并列关系,故填and。
⑤考查冠词。句意:湖州—中国东部浙江省的热门旅游目的地,6月份在长江三角洲举办了首届露营大会。分析句子结构可知,"popular tourist destination"是"Huzhou"的同位语,因destination是可数名词,表泛指,用不定冠词修饰,且popular的发音是辅音音素开头,故填a。
⑥考查副词。句意:它也成为首批正式规范露营地建设标准和安全监管的地区之一。修饰动词短语,需要填副词,故填officially。
⑦考查不可数名词。句意:它也成为首批正式规范露营地建设标准和安全监管的地区之一。空处需要名词作定语修饰"supervision",表示安全方面的监管,safety为不可数名词,故填safety。
⑧考查现在分词。句意:继湖州市之后,北京市和江苏省南京市也出台了相关政策,以促进该行业的健康发展。句中已有谓语动词"have introduced",故空处需要非谓语动词,句子主语为"Beijing and Nanjing in Jiangsu province"和"follow"之间是主动关系,放在句首,所以开头字母要大写,故填Following。
⑨考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:近年来,消费者对户外休闲活动的需求一直在增加。根据句中时间状语"in recent years",可知空处需要现在完成时或者现在完成进行时,主语是不可数名词"Consumers' demand",助动词用has,故填has increased/has been increasing。
⑩考查形容词比较级。句意:我相信,从长远来看,更多人将参加露营和其他户外活动。根据"people"可知,此处需要填形容词,表示"更多人"用形容词比较级,故填more。
48、答案：①to②a③released④has (been) narrowed⑤likely⑥While/Though/Although⑦their⑧countries⑨easily⑩to follow
解析：①考查介词。句意:虽然大多数家庭的母亲决定家庭吃什么,但当涉及到投资等重大家庭问题时,父亲的话往往被视为更重要。when it comes to"当谈到……"是固定用法。故填to。
②考查不定冠词。句意:所有这些细节都在发出一个信号:根据第九次《全球性别差距报告》,男性在社会中仍然处于主导地位。分析句子可知,此处泛指"一个信号",所以用不定冠词,signal的发音以辅音音素开头,所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
③考查过去分词。句意:这份由非营利组织世界经济论坛于10月28日发布的报告发现,尽管过去几年性别差距有所缩小,但男性在教育、经济和政治领域,甚至医疗保健领域仍有更多机会。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语动词found,所以横线处的动词作非谓语,主语report与动词release构成逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填released。
④考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:这份由非营利组织世界经济论坛于10月28日发布的报告发现,尽管过去几年性别差距有所缩小,但男性在教育、经济和政治领域,甚至医疗保健领域仍有更多机会。分析句子可知,横线处事本句的谓语动词。根据时间状语in the past years可知,本句用现在完成时。narrow既可作及物动词,表示"使窄小",又可作不及物动词,表示“变窄;缩小”,所以此处既可用主动语态也可用被动语态。主语the gender gap是单数,所以助动词用has。故填has been narrowed/has narrowed。
⑤考查形容词。句意:长大后,女性更有可能成为全职妈妈,没有薪水,在家庭决策中的发言权也更少。分析句子可知,横线处应用形容词作表语。be likely to do"有可能做某事"是固定用法。故填likely。
⑥考查状语从句。句意:虽然男性主宰着成人世界,但许多国家都见证了男孩的转折点—他们正在失去优势。分析句子可知,横线处引导状语从句,表示"虽然,尽管"用引导让步状语从句的连词while/though/although。置于句首,首字母要大写。故填While/Though/Although。
⑦考查形容词性物主代词。句意:虽然男性主宰着成人世界,但许多国家都见证了男孩的转折点—他们正在失去优势。分析句子可知,横线处用形容词性物主代词作定语修饰名词edge"优势"。故填their。
⑧考查可数名词复数。句意:大约有45个发展中国家的女孩上中学的人数多于男孩。根据45可知,横线处用可数名词复数。故填countries。
⑨考查副词。句意:美国作家Richard Whitmire曾写道,男孩更容易被电子游戏分散注意力,在学校可以跟随的男老师更少。分析句子可知,横线处用副词作状语修饰动词distracted。故填easily。
⑩考查动词不定式。句意:美国作家Richard Whitmire曾写道,男孩更容易被电子游戏分散注意力,在学校可以跟随的男老师更少。。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语,所以横线处的动词作非谓语,have sb./sth.to do"有……要做"是固定结构,其中动词不定式的主动形式to do表示被动含义。故填to follow。
49、答案：creativity  ； a    ； jointly   ； be permitted ；needed   ；easier ；to design    ； from    ；offering  ； which
解析：一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是鉴于敦煌石窟的重大意义，中国最近推出了一个以区块链技术为支撑的文化遗产平台，共享敦煌石窟的数字资料。
①考查名词。句意："地球上没有这样的地方。我们在敦煌发现的大量创造力跨越了一千年的时间，"敦煌研究院常驻学者Neil Schmid说。空格处用名词作宾语，根据语境可知，此处表示"我们在敦煌发现的大量创造力跨越了一千年的时间"，空格处意为"创造力"，名词是creativity，是不可数名词。故填creativity。
②考查冠词。句意：鉴于敦煌石窟的重大意义，中国最近推出了一个以区块链技术为支撑的文化遗产平台，共享敦煌石窟的数字资料。platform是可数名词，表泛指"一个平台"，前面加不定冠词，cultural是辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a。故填a。
③考查副词。句意：该平台由敦煌研究院和中国科技巨头腾讯联合开发。空格处用副词修饰动词developed，joint的副词是jointly，意为"共同地"。故填jointly。
④考查动词语态。句意：在这个平台上，世界各地的人们可以实时使用6500多件高清材料。人们是被允许使用6500多件高清材料，句子用被动语态，空前有情态动词can，因此空格处是be done。故填be permitted。
⑤考查动词时态。句意：此前，访客需要等待一周才能获得此类许可。由"Previously"可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式。故填needed。
⑥考查比较级。句意：但数字平台的建立帮助在线游客摆脱了其他复杂的程序，更容易地访问敦煌。根据语境可知，句子表示"但数字平台的建立帮助在线游客摆脱了其他复杂的程序，更容易地访问敦煌"，空格处表示"更容易的"，用比较级easier。故填easier。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，欢迎网上访客利用这些数码材料设计自己的文创产品。use sth. to do sth.是固定短语，意为"用某物做某事"，因此空格处是不定式。故填to design。
⑧考查介词。句意：通过这种方式，设计师不仅可以从他们的作品中获得利润，还可以以创造性的方式传播敦煌的意识。profit from是固定短语，意为"从……中获得利润"，因此空格处是介词from。故填from。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意："这是在文物领域提供数字资源服务的一个开创性项目，可以促进资源利用的可持续发展，"国家文物局官员Luo Jing表示。for是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语。故填offering。
⑩考查定语从句。句意："这是在文物领域提供数字资源服务的一个开创性项目，可以促进资源利用的可持续发展，"国家文物局官员Luo Jing表示。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词project是物，因此空格处用关系代词which。故填which。