高中英语高考复习数词表示方法知识讲解
展开高考英语数词表示方法
一、基数词
1.1-12 的基数词:
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
2.13~19的基数词
在个位数上加后缀 -teen构成,并有两个重音。
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
3.20~90等十位数由2-9 加后缀-ty构成。
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
4.21-29由十位数20加个位数1-9 构成,十位和个位之间加连字符号"-",其他十位数以此类推。
21 twenty-one、44 forty-four、98 ninety-eight
5.多位数的读法
① 从后向前数,每三位数加一个",";第一个","号前为thousand(千),第二个","号前为million(百万)……,然后再逐段表达。
② 三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and。 在美国用法中,这种用法的and往往省略。
45,000,000读作 forty-five million
632,ooo读作 six hundred and thirty-two thousand
二、序数词
序数词 = 基数词+th,但以下几个特殊:
one- first, two-second, three-third, five-fifth.eight-eighth, nine-ninth, twelve-twelfth, twenty-twentieth ……, one hundred -- one hundredth
三、倍数、分数、小数、百分数
1.倍数:
time(s) twice, three times
这个房间有那个房间三个大。 This room is three times as large as that one.
2.分数:
分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,分子为2以上时,分母(序数词)应变为复数。
三分之一one third, a third;
五分之三three fifths,
二分之一one/a half;
四分之一one fourth/ a quarter
Note:数短语作主语时,谓语的数由of 后面的名词来决定,名词为可数名词复数,则谓语用复数;名词为不可数名词,谓语用单数。
A third of the land is covered by forests.
Two thirds of the workers are working hard.
有些分数词也可用half和quarter表示。
■1/2→a/one half(不说one second)
■1/4→a/one quarter
3/4→three quarters/three fourths
提示
口语中用a half/third/fourth比用 one half/third/fourth普遍。
带分数
带分数中的整数用基数词表示,加and同分数词隔开。
31→ three and a half
3-2 /4 three and two quarters
52 five and two thirds
29万 1→twenty-nine and one fifth
提示
①用分数词作定语修饰名词时,基数词和序数词之间要加连字号“-”,分数词单独使用或相当于名词时,用不用连字号都可以。
三分之一英里→a one-third mile
三分之二的多数→a two-thirds majority
四分之三的钱 →three-quarters(three quarters) of the money
②表示“几分之几”的具体东西时,要用“分数词+of+名词”结构。
5/8 inch→five eighths of an inch八分之五英
3/5 foot→three fifths of a foot 五分之三英尺
③表示“几次方,乘方”时,指数用序数词,底数用基数词。
10°→the fifth power of ten (=ten to the fifth power)
61°→the tenth power of six (=six to the tenth power)
10°→the ninth power of ten (=ten to the ninth power)
x*=y(x的4次方是y。)→The fourth power of x is y.
3.小数:
小数点前的基数词与前面所讲的基数词读法完全相同,小数点后面则须将数字一一读出。
1.25 读作 one point two five
0.56 读作zero point five six
4.百分数:
百分号%读作 percent
5% 读作 five percent
四、算式
1.加法
A+B=C → A plus B is C.或者 A and B is C.或者 A added to B is C.
2.减法
A-B=C →A minus B is C.
3.乘法
A×B=C → A times B is C.或者 A multiplied by B is C.
4.除法
A÷B=C → A divided by B is C.
5.大于
A>B → A is greater than B.
6.小于
A<B →A is less than B.
五、常见数词的表示法及读法
1.章节、页数的读法
第一章:the first chapter / Chapter One
第二节:the second section / Section Two
第三课:the third lesson / Lesson Three
注意:如果页码的数字较长,通常用基数词。
第2564页:page two five six four或twenty-five sixty-four
2.房间、门牌、电话号码的读法
第305房间:Room three o(零)five
长安街76号:live at seventy-six Chang'an Street
电话号码:204-2244:telephone number two o(zero) four two two(double two) four four
十一路公共汽车:Bus(No.) eleven , Bus No.11 or the Number 11 Bus
3.年代、日期、时刻的读法
(1)年份是四位数字时,各分成二位来读,
1995年: nineteen ninety-five
(2)日期使用一般的序数词来读取
5月10日:May (the)10th(=May (the)tenth) =the tenth of May
(3)时刻通常用基数词来读
8: 45 ---- eight forty-five
3:25 ----twenty-five past three
3:55 ----- five to four
3:30 ---half past three
3:15----a quarter past three
3:45 ----a quarter to four
(4)年代表示法:
在二十世纪九十年代 in the 1990's nineteen nineties 或in the 1990s
4.基数词的复数形式表示年龄
in one’s + 整十的复数 表示在某人几十岁时
in one’s teens (13-19)
在他五十多岁的时候in his fifties
在二十岁出头in one’s early twenties.
奔三 in one’s late twenties
5.hundred, thousand, million用法:
hundred, thousand, million, score(20), dozen(12), decade(10)前面有具体数字,要用单数形式,但如果它们后面有of,那它们要用复数形式,同时,前面不能再加具体的数目。
eg.two thousand 两千 thousands of 成千上万
hundreds of 成百上千 millions of 数以百万计
in twos and threes (三三两两)
two hundred boys; hundreds of boys
6.几个半的表达法:
基数词 + and + a half +名词复数 = 基数词 +名词(单数/复数) +and +a half
两个半小时 two and a half hours = two hours and a half
六、需注意的问题
1.数词+名词用连词符连在一起作定语
eg.四岁的男孩 a four-year-old boy
2.有些结构既有基数词又有序数词。
eg.前三题the first three questions
最后五分钟the last five minutes