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专题05 阅读理解之说明文10篇（名校最新期中真题）-2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期中复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（人教版2019）
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这是一份专题05 阅读理解之说明文10篇（名校最新期中真题）-2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期中复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（人教版2019），共20页。
人教版（2019）高一英语下学期期中复习 查缺补漏冲刺满分
(名校最新期中真题)
专题06 阅读理解之议论文10篇
（2022秋·浙江金华·高一统考期中）Parents should stop blaming themselves because there’s not a lot they can do about it. I mean the teenager problem. Whatever you do or however you choose to deal with it, at certain times a wonderful, reasonable and helpful child will turn into a terrible animal.
I’ve seen friends deal with it all kinds of different ways. One strict mother insisted that her son, right from a child, should stand up whenever anyone entered the room, open doors and shake hands like a gentleman. I saw him last week when I called round. Sprawling himself(懒散地躺) on the sofa in full length, he made no attempt to turn off the loud TV he was watching as I walked in, and his greeting was no more than a quick glance at me. His mother was ashamed. “I don’t know what to do with him these days,” she said.
“He’s forgotten all the manners we taught him.” He hasn’t forgotten them. He’s just decided that he’s not going to use them. She confessed (供认) that she would like to come up behind him and throw him down from the sofa onto the floor.
Another good friend of mine let her two daughters climb all over the furniture, reach across the table, stare at me and say “I don’t like your dress; it’s ugly.” One of the daughters has recently been driven out of school. The other has left home.
“Where did we go wrong?” her parents are now very sad. Probably nowhere much. At least, no more than the rest of that unfortunate race, parents.
1．This passage is most probably written by ________.
A．a specialist in teenager studies
B．a headmaster of a middle school
C．a parent with teenage children
D．a doctor for mental health problems
2．The boy on the sofa would most probably be described as ________.
A．lazy B．rude C．unusual D．quiet
3．The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “________”.
A．the parents’ opinion B．the terrible animal
C．the teenage problem D．the parents’ advice
4．From the second example we can infer that the parents of the two daughters ________.
A．pay no attention to them
B．are too busy to look after them
C．have come to hate them
D．feel helpless to do much about them
（2022秋·甘肃金昌·高一永昌县第一高级中学校考期中）Think of somebody you really admire. You will probably find that their success didn’t come easily. As the “Father of Hybrid Rice(杂交水稻)”, Yuan Longping got over great difficulties and spent his whole life working to reduce world hunger and helping to feed the country with the largest population.
Wu Mengchao, the “Father of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery(肝胆外科)”, focused on saving people’s lives for nearly eighty years. He performed more than 16,000 operations during his life. Holding the surgeon’s knife for such a long time deformed his fingers, which are not in the shape of normal ones. Wu once said, “It would my greatest happiness if I could work at the operating table until my dying day.”
In 1969, in order to solve the problem of treating malaria(疟疾), Tu Youyou, the pharmacologist(药学家) took on the job as head of a research team. She and her teammates performed different kinds of experiments. However, the results were disappointing. Instead of giving up? They kept trying. Finally, in 1972, they made it! In 2015, at the age of 85, she received Nobel Prize.
Thomas Edison, the inventor of the light bulb(灯泡) believed that every failure was a step towards success. He once said, “If I find 10,000 ways something won’t work, I haven’t failed. I am not discouraged, because every wrong try is another step forward.”
Some people only became successful after their deaths. Not like Pablo Picasso who became famous and very rich during his lifetime, the artist Vincent van Gogh only sold one painting all through his life and that was to a friend. But he kept painting and he painted more than 2,000 artworks in the following ten years. Now his paintings are very popular and they sell for millions of pounds.
One thing all these people have in common is sticking to their goals no matter what.
5．What do Yuan Longping and Wu Mengchao have in common?
A．They succeeded in solving world problems.
B．They spent all their lives serving people.
C．They achieved a lot in the medical field.
D．They are remembered for their happiness.
6．The underlined phrase deformed his fingers could be replaced by.
A．changed the shape of his fingers B．made him feel down
C．gave him too much pressure D．got his fingers cut off
7．It is clear that _____.
A．Pablo Picasso became famous after his death
B．Vincent van Gogh painted 2,001 artworks in his life
C．it took Tu Youyou’s team about 3 years to reach their goal
D．Thomas Edison tried 10,000 ways before he invented the light bulb
8．What does the writer mainly want to tell us?
A．Not everyone can be successful.
B．The more difficulties, the better.
C．Great achievements aren’t made naturally.
D．Great hopes make great men.
（2022秋·宁夏银川·高一六盘山高级中学校考期中）America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real , yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending(延伸)sometimes deeply into both families.
Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, and share their holidays and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality(好客)easily.
Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday life, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides for our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at home, but truly can not manage a great deal of time to do with a visitor outside their daily routine. They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably.
For the Americans, it is often considered friendlier to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for purely business matters. So accept their hospitality at home!
9．The writer of this passage must be________.
A．an American B．a Chinese C．a professor D．a student
10．What does the underlined phrase “ generous with our time ” in Paragraph 3 probably mean ?
A．Willing to spend time. B．Serious about time.
C．Careful with time. D．Strict with time.
11．When we arrive in America to visit an American friend, we will be________.
A．warmly welcomed at the airport B．offered a ride to his home
C．treated kindly at his home D．treated to dinner in a restaurant
12．What is the best title for this passage ?
A．Friendships between Chinese
B．Friendships between Americans
C．Americans’ hospitality
D．Americans’ and Chinese people’s different views on friendship
（2022秋·广西南宁·高一三美学校校考期中）Nature can provide almost everything human beings need if we follow her rules. But if we break rules, nature is likely to be cruel and lash out at us.
The outbreak of the COVID-19 in China and other countries is an example. Dr.Peter Daszak, president of the US-based health organization, said, “This outbreak is a lesson for us. New pandemics (流行病) are driven by human population density (密度), wildlife diversity, and land use change.”
In ancient times, people needed to rely on nature to survive, so they respect it. For example, the American Indians believed that humans are a part of nature and nature is a part of humans. Chinese ancients always tried to keep the harmony between nature and human beings.
However, as human beings master more knowledge and make more modern tools, people try to change and even conquer nature. They use more land to make buildings and catch wild and rare animals for their own needs. In this process, human beings gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of balance.
Although we don’t for sure what first caused with the COVID-19 outbreak, it’s time for people to think carefully about our relationship with our planet and reconnect with this world and everything that we’ve been given. After all, nature is not the place to visit. It’s our home.
13．What does the underlined phrase “lash out at” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Control. B．Challenge.
C．Protect. D．Punish.
14．What lesson should we learn from the COVID-19 outbreak?
A．Humans should live peacefully with nature.
B．Bats are one of the most dangerous wild animals.
C．We should stop the wildlife trade around the world.
D．It’s impossible to prevent new pandemics globally.
15．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A．How human activities cause global warming.
B．How human beings break the balance of nature.
C．How human beings become their own masters.
D．How humans use technology to improve their lives.
16．What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?
A．To think deeply about the COVID-19 outbreak.
B．To explain what led to the COVID-19 outbreak.
C．To describe experts’ predictions on new pandemics.
D．To compare ancient and modern attitudes toward nature.
（2022秋·黑龙江哈尔滨·高一哈尔滨三中校考期中）There will be days when you do not have much to do. Perhaps because you are waiting for someone else in a different department or a different company to respond to a request. As the clock ticks past 5 pm, there may be no purpose in staying at your desk. But you can see your boss hard at work and, more importantly, they can see you. So you make an effort to look busy.
Some of this may be a self-perpetuating (自我延续的) cycle. If bosses do not like to go home before their workers, and workers fear leaving before their bosses, everyone is trapped. Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting in maximum effort. Managers, who are often no good at judging employees’ performance, use time in the office as an alternative.
The consequence is often wasted effort. Rather than work hard, you work hard to make bosses think that you are. Leaving a jacket on your office chair, walking around purposefully with a notebook and sending out emails at odd hours are three of the best-known tricks. After a while this can result in collective self-cheat that this pretence (假装) is actual work.
But presenteeism (全勤主义) has more serious consequences. As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. According to a study, these costs can be six times higher for employers than the costs of absenteeism among workers. For example, a research found that Japanese employees with lower-back pain were three times more likely to turn up for work than in Britain. As a result, those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression. What could be more upset than being in pain while feeling trapped at work?
None of this is to say that employers haven’t the right to expect workers to be in the office for an acceptable proportion of time. Unavoidably there will be a need for some (preferably short) meetings. Dealing with colleagues face-to-face creates a feeling of trust and friendship, allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their needs.
But modern machinery like smartphones and laptops is portable. It can be used as easily at home as in the office. Turing an office into a prison, with prisoners allowed home for the evenings, does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automated. To be productive you need presence of mind, not being present in the flesh.
17．Why do employees still stay at their desk after work according to the passage?
A．To put extra efforts into their work. B．To get more overtime allowance.
C．To give their bosses a good impression. D．To keep their bosses company.
18．Which of the following is the consequence of presenteeism?
A．Employers will pay workers higher wages.
B．Workers will suffer physically and mentally.
C．Workers will perform their job more efficiently.
D．The effort put in by workers will finally pay off.
19．Why is working in the office for some time necessary?
A．It brings bosses more profits. B．It helps build better social bonds.
C．It makes the exchange of ideas formal. D．It satisfies workers’ material needs.
20．What would the author probably agree with?
A．Presenteeism can’t help develop creativity.
B．Absence from work reduces productivity.
C．Presence at work will be more joyful.
D．Technology makes company management easier.
（2022秋·四川成都·高一统考期中）One of the greatest sources of unhappiness, in my experience, is the difficulty we have in accepting things as they are.
When we see something we don’t like, we wish it could be different. We cry out for something better. That may be human nature, or perhaps it’s something rooted in our culture. The root of the unhappiness isn’t necessarily that we want things to be different. However, it’s that we decided we didn’t like it in the first place. We’ve judged it as bad, rather than saying, “It’s not bad or good, and it just is it.”
In one of my books, I said “You should expect people to mess up and expect things to go differently than you planned”. Some readers said it’s too sorrowful to expect things to go wrong. However, it’s only negative if you see it as negative and judge it as bad. Instead, you could accept it as the way the world works and try to understand why that is.
This can be applied to whatever you do: how other people act at work, how politics works and how depressing the news media can be. Accept these things as they are, and try to understand why they’re that way. It will save you a lot of sadness, because you’ll no longer say, “Oh. I wish bad things didn’t happen.”
Does it mean you can never change things? Not at all. But change things not because you can’t accept things as they are, but because you enjoy the process of changing, learning and growing.
Can we make this world a better place? You can say that you’ll continue to try to do things to help others, to grow as a person, to make a difference in this world. That’s the correct path you choose to take, because you enjoy that path. Therefore, when you find yourself judging and wishing for difference, try a different approach: accept and understand. It might lead to some interesting results.
21．The author believes that we feel unhappy maybe because ________.
A．it is our natural emotion in the life B．culture asks us to be different from others
C．everyone has their own opinions on things D．we dislike something in the beginning
22．Some readers think the words in the author’s book is too ________.
A．depressing B．frightening C．encouraging D．unreal
23．In paragraph 4, the underlined word “it” refers to ________.
A．acting well at work and in politics
B．feeling depressed for the news media
C．accepting and understanding what has happened
D．saying something negative when bad things come
24．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Expecting things to be different gives us hope.
B．Accepting can make our life happier and better.
C．Traditional culture becomes the root of unhappiness.
D．Judging good or bad is important for our world.
（2022秋·河北石家庄·高一期中）Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable? Many people seem to think so, judging (判断) by the things they wear. But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person.
People go to great lengths to be fashionable. Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as high-heeled shoes that cause pain to their feet, and tight body shapers that limit blood flow. Men and women alike spend time and money on products that change their natural hair color or hairstyle. Some people even spend several hours a day in front of a mirror. Is fashion so important that people spend so much time and effort changing what they look like?
If the purpose of fashion is to make a person feel good, it does not make sense that he or she would go through so much discomfort to be fashionable. Fashion should not come first. People should put their health and positive image in the first place. What people wear does not say anything about their personalities. Instead of spending hours choosing a dress, perhaps you should call your friends and do something together, such as playing soccer or badminton. Instead of going on strict diets and forcing yourself to stay hungry, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercise? By doing these things, you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a person.
25．Why does the author include questions in the text?
A．To enrich the content. B．To introduce a new topic.
C．To present different ideas. D．To encourage readers to think.
26．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The fact about fashion industry. B．Reasons why fashion is important.
C．The price to pay for being fashionable. D．Products popular with fashion followers.
27．Which of the following activities would the author most likely recommend?
A．Going skiing with friends. B．Starting a new diet with a friend.
C．Changing hairstyles every week. D．Shopping for fashionable clothes.
28．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text?
A．To introduce the latest fashion trends.
B．To tell readers how to remain fashionable.
C．To advise readers to value health over fashion.
D．To show readers advantages and disadvantages of dieting.
（2022秋·湖南长沙·高一校联考期中）Parents do not owe (欠) their children a college education, if they can afford it, they can certainly send them to a good university. But they needn’t feel guilty if they can’t. When children grow up and want to get married, their parents do not owe them an apartment. They do not have the duty to look after their grandchildren, either. If they want to do it, it must be considered a favor, not an obligation.
Do parents owe their children anything? Yes, they owe them a great deal.
One of their obligations is to give their children a sense of personal worth. Children who are always made to feel stupid and unworthy, constantly compared with brighter brothers, sisters, or cousins will become so unsure, so afraid of failing that they won’t try at all. Of course, they should be properly corrected when they do wrong, but it’s often better to let children learn from their mistakes by themselves in time. All their parents should do is to trust them, respect them, understand them and give them chances to try and fail. They must learn to stand failure. When criticisms (批评) are really needed, they should be balanced with a smile and a kiss. That is the way children learn.
Parents owe their children a set of solid values around which to build their lives. This means teaching them to respect the rights and opinions of others. Also, it means being respectful to elders, to teachers, and to the law. The best way to teach such values is by deed. A child who is lied to will lie. A child who sees no laughter and no love in the home will have difficulty laughing and loving.
No child asks to be born. If you bring a life into the world, you owe the child something.
29．What does the underlined word “obligation” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．Duty B．Burden C．Excuse D．Debt
30．According to this passage, what should parents do for their children?
A．Offer help but needn’t feel guilty if they can’t. B．Look after their grandchildren for their kids.
C．Buy their kids a house. D．Send their children to the university.
31．In the author’s opinion, when the kids make mistakes, what are parents supposed to do?
A．Blame them and tell them not to do that again.
B．Give them chances to learn from their mistakes.
C．Compare them with brighter brothers or sisters.
D．Correct their mistakes directly.
32．What does the author mainly talk about in this passage?
A．The reason why children feel stupid and unworthy.
B．How to teach children correctly.
C．The real duties that parents have to their kids.
D．The reason why parents owe their children something.
（2022秋·广东揭阳·高一普宁市华侨中学校考期中）Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has suggested that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a mistake in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be careful that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances. Positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.
33．What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A．Mental stress should be reduced. B．Sport should be made less competitive.
C．Stress should be made less. D．Sport can be mentally challenging.
34．According to the passage, young people like sport because ________ .
A．it can help them learn more about society
B．it enables them to criticize themselves
C．it can provide them with valuable experiences
D．it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves
35．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Parents and coaches should enable children to enjoy sport.
B．Parents and coaches should help children to win every game.
C．Parents and coaches should train children to deal with stress.
D．Parents and coaches should understand the meaning of sport.
36．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To teach young athletes how to avoid burnout.
B．To persuade young children not to worry about criticism.
C．To stress the importance of encouraging children.
D．To discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement.
（2022秋·山东潍坊·高一统考期中）How would you go without your smartphone? For many of us, our smartphone is the first and last thing we look at every day. We depend on it to perform a number of tasks and connect with our friends and family. But have we become addicted to our phones?
Certainly, the inventor of the first mobile phone. American engineer Martin Cooper, thinks we might be. In a BBC interview, he suggested people quit scrolling (刷屏) and “get a life”. But of course, once we start scrolling or watching videos, we just can’t kick the habit. Psychologist Jean Twenge says we feel regret for “checking our phone again and again if we’re waiting for a text or getting really into social media then kind of, looking up and realising that an hour has passed.”
But does it matter if we make the most of this technology? Possibly, because like medicine, the problem appears when it is withdrawn. A study from King’s College London found young people couldn’t control the amount of time they spend on their phone. Such behaviour means that people become “anxious” or “upset” if they are not allowed to be on the phone continuously, which can cause anxiety and mental health problems.
Interestingly, another study by the London School of Economics Science suggests we don’t just look at our phones when we receive text or email messages. The people they studied felt an automatical (自动的) need to check their phone, just as a smoker would light a cigarette.
One solution could be an app that rewards (奖励) students for time spent away from their phones. Another choice is changing your smartphone to a dumbphone that has none of the things that turn your attention away. But mainly, perhaps, we just need to look up more and reconnect with the real world!
37．What is Martin Cooper’s attitude to focusing on smartphones?
A．Uncaring.
B．Doubtful.
C．Unclear.
D．Unacceptable.
38．What does the underlined word “withdrawn” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Stopped.
B．Increased.
C．Offered.
D．Saved.
39．What is the author’s key suggestion in the last paragraph?
A．Concentrate on studies.
B．Get a reward for offline time.
C．Buy a new smartphone.
D．Contact with the real world.
40．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Benefits from Smartphones
B．Addiction to Smartphones
C．Development of Smartphones
D．Disadvantages of Smartphones
参考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过几个好友的孩子出现的青少年问题，陈述了父母不应该因为青少年问题而责备自己。
1．判断推理题。根据文章第一段中“Parents should stop blaming themselves because there’s not a lot they can do about it. I mean the teenager problem. (父母应该停止责备自己，因为他们对此无能为力。我的意思是青少年问题。)”可知，作者是想通过劝说父母不要责备自己来说一些关于青少年问题的事情，由此可推知，写这篇文章的作者最有可能是一位青少年问题研究的专家。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sprawling himself(懒散地躺) on the sofa in full length, he made no attempt to turn off the loud TV he was watching as I walked in, and his greeting was no more than a quick glance at me. His mother was ashamed. (他趴在沙发上，在我走进来的时候，他没有试图关掉他正在看的嘈杂的电视，他的问候只不过是匆匆瞥了我一眼。他的母亲很惭愧。)”可知，这个躺在沙发上的男孩对客人非常不礼貌。故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段中“Parents should stop blaming themselves because there’s not a lot they can do about it. I mean the teenager problem.(父母不应该再责怪自己，因为他们无能为力。我是说青少年问题。)”可知，第一段提出父母不应该为青少年问题而责怪自己，第二段第一句“I’ve seen friends deal with it all kinds of different ways. (我见过朋友们以各种不同的方式处理它。)”后举例男孩躺在沙发上对客人不礼貌来说明父母处理青少年问题的不同方式，由此可知，第二段中it指代的是青少年问题。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“One of the daughters has recently been driven out of school. The other has left home. (其中一个女儿最近被赶出了学校。另一个已经离家出走。)”及最后一段““Where did we go wrong?” her parents are now very sad. Probably nowhere much. At least, no more than the rest of that unfortunate race, parents. (“我们哪里做错了？”她的父母现在非常伤心。可能无处可去。至少，不比那个不幸的种族的其余部分更多，父母。)”可知，两个女孩的父母如今不知所措，非常无助，不知道改如何去做。故选D。
5．B 6．A 7．C 8．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文主要介绍伟人的事迹，告诉我们伟大的成就不是天生的，所有这些伟人的共同点就是无论发生什么都坚持自己的目标。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Yuan Longping got over great difficulties and spent his whole life working to reduce world hunger and helping to feed the country with the largest population.(作为“杂交水稻之父”，袁隆平克服重重困难，终其一生致力于减少世界饥饿，帮助养活世界上人口最多的国家。)”以及文章第二段“Wu Mengchao, the “Father of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery”, focused on saving people’s lives for nearly eighty years.(吴孟超，“中国肝胆外科之父”，近八十年来专注于挽救生命。) ”可知，袁隆平和吴孟超一生都在为人民服务。故选B项。
6．词义猜测题。根据下文which引导定语从句“which are not in the shape of normal ones.(它们不是正常的形状。）分析可知，which指代上文“Holding the surgeon’s knife for such a long time”，因此推断，长时间握手术刀导致对他的手指造成了一定的影响，他的手指变形了，这不是正常的形状。所以划线词意为“使手指变形”。与A项“使他的手指变形了”意思相近。故选A项。
7．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In 1969, in order to solve the problem of treating malaria, Tu Youyou, the pharmacologist took on the job as head of a research team.(1969年，为了解决治疗疟疾的问题，药理学家屠呦呦担任了一个研究小组的负责人。)”以及“Finally, in 1972, they made it!(最终，在1972年，他们成功了！)”可知，1969年开始研究，1972年成功，一共花了屠呦呦三年时间达成目标。故选C项。
8．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Think of somebody you really admire. You will probably find that their success didn’t come easily.(想想你真正崇拜的人。你可能会发现他们的成功来之不易。)”以及最后一段“One thing all these people have in common is sticking to their goals no matter what.(这些人都有一个共同点，那就是无论如何都要坚持自己的目标。)”可知，本文主要通过介绍伟人的事迹，告诉我们伟大的成就不是天生的。故选C项。
9．B 10．A 11．C 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了中国人和美国人对待友谊的不同观点和方式。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending(延伸)sometimes deeply into both families.(这对我们中国人来说是很难理解的，因为我们之间的友谊花得比较慢，但可能会变成一生的感情，有时会深入到两个家庭。)”和第三段“Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday life, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time.(我们中国人理解美国人的另一个难点是，尽管他们在日常生活中热情地对待我们，但如果这需要大量的时间，他们就不会对我们表现出礼貌。)”可知，这篇文章的作者一定是一个中国人。故选B。
10．词句猜测题。根据划线词前一句“although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country(尽管美国人在他们的日常生活中热情地对待我们，但如果需要花费大量的时间，他们就不会表现出他们的礼貌。这通常与我们国家的做法相反)”可知，在中国，我们可能会慷慨地花时间。由此可以猜测，generous with our time意思为“在时间上很慷慨，愿意付出很多时间”。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段“The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at home, but truly can not manage a great deal of time to do with a visitor outside their daily routine. (然而，美国人通常是在家里表示欢迎，但在日常生活之外确实抽不出大量时间来接待客人。)”和“Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably. (一旦我们到达他们的家，欢迎将是充分的，热情和真实的。我们会受到热情款待。)”可知，当我们到美国去拜访一位美国朋友时，我们会在他家受到亲切的接待。故选C。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别根据第一段“This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending(延伸)sometimes deeply into both families.(这对我们中国人来说是很难理解的，因为我们之间的友谊花得比较慢，但可能会变成一生的感情，有时会深入到两个家庭。)”和第三段“Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday life, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time.(我们中国人理解美国人的另一个难点是，尽管他们在日常生活中热情地对待我们，但如果这需要大量的时间，他们就不会对我们表现出礼貌。)”可知，文章说明了美国人和中国人对友谊方面的不同观点和做法。文章标题应为“Americans’ and Chinese people’s different views on friendship(美国人和中国人对友谊的不同观点)”。故选D。
13．D 14．A 15．B 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章是作者对新冠肺炎疫情爆发的反思。如果我们遵循大自然的规则，大自然几乎可以提供人类所需的一切。但如果我们违反规则，她很可能会很残忍，对我们发起攻击。
13．词句猜测题。根据划线词组上文“Nature can provide almost everything human beings need if we follow her rules. But if we break rules, nature is likely to be cruel(如果我们遵循她的规则，大自然几乎可以提供人类所需要的一切。但如果我们打破规则，自然很可能是残酷的)”可知，与be cruel to us并列的应该是“惩罚”我们。由此可知，划线词组的意思是“惩罚”。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段“This outbreak is a lesson for us. New pandemics (流行病) are driven by human population density (密度), wildlife diversity, and land use change.(这次疫情对我们来说是一个教训。新的流行病是由人口密度、野生动物多样性和土地利用变化驱动的)”可推知，我们应该从COVID 19的爆发中学到“人类应该与自然和平相处”。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。根据第四段“However, as human beings master more knowledge and make more modern tools, people try to change and even conquer nature. They use more land to make buildings and catch wild and rare animals for their own needs. In this process, human beings gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of balance.(然而，随着人类掌握了更多的知识，制造了更多的现代工具，人们试图改变甚至征服自然。他们使用更多的土地来建造建筑物，捕捞野生和稀有动物以满足自己的需要。在这个过程中，人类逐渐与自然失去联系，甚至使自然失去平衡)”可知，第四段讲述的是“人类是如何打破自然平衡的”。故选B。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although we don’t for sure what first caused with the COVID-19 outbreak, it’s time for people to think carefully about our relationship with our planet and reconnect with this world and everything that we’ve been given. After all, nature is not the place to visit. It’s our home.(虽然我们不确定是什么首先导致了COVID-19的爆发，但现在是时候让人们仔细思考我们与地球的关系，重新连接这个世界和我们被赋予的一切。毕竟，大自然不是参观的地方。这是我们的家)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是反思新冠肺炎疫情的爆发。故选A。
17．C 18．B 19．B 20．A
【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述在上班族之间存在的自我延续的循环的坏处和改掉这个循环的建议。
17．推理判断题。根据第二段“If bosses do not like to go home before their workers, and workers fear leaving before their bosses, everyone is trapped. Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting in maximum effort. Managers, who are often no good at judging employees’ performance, use time in the office as an alternative.”(如果老板不喜欢在工人之前回家，工人害怕在老板之前离开，那么每个人都会被困。员工可能会觉得，如果他们没有尽最大努力，他们就不会加薪或升职。管理者通常不善于判断员工的表现，他们把在办公室的时间作为一种选择。)可知，下班后员工还不回家的目的是要给老板留下好印象。故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段“But presenteeism (全勤主义) has more serious consequences. As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. According to a study, these costs can be six times higher for employers than the costs of absenteeism among workers. For example, a research found that Japanese employees with lower-back pain were three times more likely to turn up for work than in Britain. As a result, those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression. What could be more upset than being in pain while feeling trapped at work?”(但全勤主义有更严重的后果。这不仅会降低生产力，还会增加雇主的医疗费用。根据一项研究，雇主的这些成本可能是工人旷工成本的六倍。例如，一项研究发现，腰痛的日本员工上班的可能性是英国的三倍。因此，这些工人更有可能经历更大的痛苦，并患上抑郁症。还有什么比在工作中陷入痛苦更令人不安的呢？)可知，全勤主义会使得员工们在身体上和心理上都遭受很大的痛苦。故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据第五段“Unavoidably there will be a need for some (preferably short) meetings. Dealing with colleagues face-to-face creates a feeling of trust and friendship, allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their needs.”(不可避免地需要召开一些（最好是简短的）会议。面对面与同事打交道会产生一种信任和友谊的感觉，允许进行有益的思想交流，并使员工更好地了解自己的需求。)可知，在办公室的时间会让员工们建立更好的纽带。故选B。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Turing an office into a prison, with prisoners allowed home for the evenings, does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automated.”(把办公室变成监狱，让囚犯回家过夜，这对办公室工作人员的创造力没有任何帮助，因为日常工作都是自动化的。)可知，全勤主义并不能刺激员工们的创造力。故选A。
21．D 22．A 23．C 24．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了人们不快乐的根源是不愿意接受事物本来的样子，总想试图把它们改变成自己喜欢的样子。在文中作者建议人们要学会去接受、理解事物本来的面貌，本质，然后就会有意想不到的收获。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段“The root of the unhappiness isn’t necessarily that we want things to be different. However, it’s that we decided we didn’t like it in the first place.(不快乐的根源不一定是我们希望事情有所不同。然而，是我们一开始就决定不喜欢它。)”可知，作者认为人们不快乐的根源是从一开始我们就不喜欢某些东西，不愿意接受它们本来的样子。故选D项。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段“Some readers said it’s too sorrowful to expect things to go wrong. (一些读者说，期待事情会出错太令人悲伤了。)”可知，一些读者认为作者的话太过消沉，悲观。故选A项。
23．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Accept these things as they are, and try to understand why they’re that way. It will save you a lot of sadness, because you’ll no longer say, “Oh. I wish bad things didn’t happen.”(接受这些事情本来的样子，并试着理解为什么会是这样。它会帮你省去很多悲伤，因为你不会再说“哦。我希望坏事没有发生。”)”可知，只有接受事物本身的样子，你才不会感到那么悲伤，可推知此处it指代前面内容，即接受事物本身的样子，并去理解为什么是这样的。故选C项。
24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“One of the greatest sources of unhappiness, in my experience, is the difficulty we have in accepting things as they are.(根据我的经验，不快乐的最大来源之一是我们难以接受事物的本来面目。)”以及余下全文可知，文章开头提出人们不快乐的根源是不愿意接受事物本来的样子，然后进一步分析说明，最后建议人们为了快乐就要学会接受、理解。由此可知B选项“Accepting can make our life happier and better.(接受让我们的生活变得更快乐和更好。)”符合语意。故选B项。
25．B 26．C 27．A 28．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要就时尚和舒适展开讨论，劝说读者时尚远不如健康和舒适更重要，并且提出了健康生活方式的建议。
25．推理判断题。根据第一段“Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable? Many people seem to think so, judging (判断) by the things they wear. But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person.(看起来时尚比舒适更重要吗？从他们穿的衣服来判断，很多人似乎都这么认为。但时尚并不是一切。做一个健康舒适的人更重要)”可知，作者提出问题，以引入文章的主题：健康比时尚更重要。故选B项。
26．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as high-heeled shoes that cause pain to their feet, and tight body shapers that limit blood flow. Men and women alike spend time and money on products that change their natural hair color or hairstyle. Some people even spend several hours a day in front of a mirror.(有些人认为自己必须拥有某种体型，所以他们为了改变自己的身材，采取极端、不健康的饮食。此外，许多女性穿着不舒适的时装，如导致脚部疼痛的高跟鞋，限制血液流动的紧身塑身衣。男人和女人都会花时间和金钱购买改变他们自然发色或发型的产品。有些人甚至每天花几个小时在镜子前)”可知，本段主要介绍了人们为了时尚付出的代价。故选C项。
27．推理判断题。根据第三段“Instead of spending hours choosing a dress, perhaps you should call your friends and do something together, such as playing soccer or badminton. Instead of going on strict diets and forcing yourself to stay hungry, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercise? By doing these things, you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a person.(与其花几个小时来挑选衣服，也许你应该打电话给你的朋友，一起做一些事情，比如踢足球或打羽毛球。与其严格节食，强迫自己保持饥饿，为什么不吃一些健康的食物，然后锻炼身体呢？通过做这些事情，你可以保持健康的生活方式，真正成长为一个人)”可知，与花费时间精力以及牺牲健康而换取时尚相比，作者认为应该吃健康食物，和朋友一起锻炼身体。由此推知，作者可能推荐和朋友一起去滑雪这项活动。故选A项。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段“But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person.(但时尚并不是一切。做一个健康舒适的人更重要)”以及第三段“Fashion should not come first. People should put their health and positive image in the first place.(时尚不应该是第一位的。人们应该把健康和正面形象放在首位)”可知，本文说明时尚远不如健康和舒适更重要。由此推知，作者写作本文的目的是劝说读者重视健康胜过重视时尚。故选C项。
29．A 30．A 31．B 32．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了父母对孩子的真正责任。
29．词义猜测题。根据第一段中“They do not have the duty to look after their grandchildren, either.”（他们也没有义务照顾他们的孙辈。）以及划线单词句前半部分“If they want to do it, it must be considered a favor”（如果他们想这么做，这必须被视为一种帮助）故可猜测，obligation为“义务，职责”的意思，结合选项A项Duty“职责，义务”意思一致。故选A项。
30．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Parents do not owe their children a college education, if they can afford it, they can certainly send them to a good university. But they needn’t feel guilty if they can’t.”（父母不欠他们的孩子大学教育，如果他们负担得起，他们当然可以送他们去一个好的大学。但如果他们做不到，也不必感到内疚。）可知，根据这篇文章，父母应该为他们的孩子提供帮助，但如果他们不能，不必感到内疚。故选A项。
31．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Of course, they should be properly corrected when they do wrong, but it’s often better to let children learn from their mistakes by themselves in time.”（当然，当他们做错的时候，应该得到适当的纠正，但往往最好是让孩子自己及时从错误中吸取教训。）可知，在作者看来，当孩子犯错时，父母应该给他们机会从错误中学习。故选B项。
32．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“No child asks to be born. If you bring a life into the world, you owe the child something.”（没有孩子要求被生下来。如果你把一个生命带到这个世界上，你就欠这个孩子一些东西。）可知，作者在这篇文章中主要讲的是父母对孩子的真正责任。故选C项。
33．D 34．C 35．A 36．C
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。体育运动既是对人的体力的挑战，也是对人的心理的挑战。在体育运动中，父母和教练应对孩子多鼓励，少批评，让孩子用积极的心态去迎接挑战。
33．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has suggested that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.(运动不仅是对身体的挑战，也可以是对精神的挑战。来自教练、父母和其他队友的批评，以及获胜的压力会给年轻运动员带来过多的焦虑或压力。压力可以是身体上的、情感上的或心理上的，研究表明它会导致精疲力竭。精疲力竭被描述为放弃或放弃一项曾经很享受的活动)”可知，第一段主要讲的是体育运动对精神的挑战。故选D项。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place.(体育活动能为年轻人提供极其有价值的一生都有用的人生经历)”可知，年轻人喜欢运动是因为它可以为他们提供宝贵的经历。故选C项。
35．推理判断题。根据第三段“In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances.(在如今的青少年体育环境中，年轻运动员可能更担心谁会赢，而不是享受自己和这项运动。在一场比赛之后，许多家长和教练都会关注比赛的结果，并对孩子们的表现挑刺)”可推知，家长和教练正确的做法是让孩子们享受体育活动。故选A项。
36．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism.(积极的鼓励比批评更能激励学习，对学习有更大的影响)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是强调鼓励孩子的重要性。故选C项。
37．D 38．A 39．D 40．B
【导语】本文是篇议论文。智能手机已经成为人们生活中不可缺少的部分，很多人也都形成了手机依赖症。文章讲述了手机依赖症的特点及产生的问题，并希望人们能够多点时间放下手机，投入到现实世界中来。
37．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In a BBC interview, he suggested people quit scrolling (刷屏) and “get a life”.(在接受BBC采访时，他建议人们不要再刷手机了，要“享受生活”)”可推知，Martin Cooper不支持人们天天刷手机。故选D。
38．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“Such behaviour means that people become “anxious” or “upset” if they are not allowed to be on the phone continuously, which can cause anxiety and mental health problems.(这种行为意味着，如果不允许人们持续打电话，他们会变得“焦虑”或“不安”，这可能会导致焦虑和心理健康问题)”可知，划线词所在句意为“有可能，因为就像药物一样，当它被停用时，问题就出现了”，也就是说手机就和药物一样，一直吃药会产生依赖，但一旦停药，身体就会出问题。由此推知，划线词withdrawn与stopped意思接近。故选A。
39．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But mainly, perhaps, we just need to look up more and reconnect with the real world!(但最主要的，也许我们只是需要抬头，重新连接到现实世界！)”可知，与现实世界的接触是作者在最后一段的关键建议。故选D。
40．主旨大意题。第一段“ But have we become addicted to our phones?(但是我们已经对手机上瘾了吗？)”提出了文章的主题，下文对这一主题展开了描述，提出了人们对手机上瘾的症状和产生的问题，最后对此提出了建议。由此可知，B. Addiction to Smartphones(智能手机成瘾)适合作本文标题。故选B。
人教版（2019）高一英语下学期期中复习 查缺补漏冲刺满分
(名校最新期中真题)
专题06 阅读理解之议论文10篇
（2022秋·浙江金华·高一统考期中）Parents should stop blaming themselves because there’s not a lot they can do about it. I mean the teenager problem. Whatever you do or however you choose to deal with it, at certain times a wonderful, reasonable and helpful child will turn into a terrible animal.
I’ve seen friends deal with it all kinds of different ways. One strict mother insisted that her son, right from a child, should stand up whenever anyone entered the room, open doors and shake hands like a gentleman. I saw him last week when I called round. Sprawling himself(懒散地躺) on the sofa in full length, he made no attempt to turn off the loud TV he was watching as I walked in, and his greeting was no more than a quick glance at me. His mother was ashamed. “I don’t know what to do with him these days,” she said.
“He’s forgotten all the manners we taught him.” He hasn’t forgotten them. He’s just decided that he’s not going to use them. She confessed (供认) that she would like to come up behind him and throw him down from the sofa onto the floor.
Another good friend of mine let her two daughters climb all over the furniture, reach across the table, stare at me and say “I don’t like your dress; it’s ugly.” One of the daughters has recently been driven out of school. The other has left home.
“Where did we go wrong?” her parents are now very sad. Probably nowhere much. At least, no more than the rest of that unfortunate race, parents.
1．This passage is most probably written by ________.
A．a specialist in teenager studies
B．a headmaster of a middle school
C．a parent with teenage children
D．a doctor for mental health problems
2．The boy on the sofa would most probably be described as ________.
A．lazy B．rude C．unusual D．quiet
3．The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “________”.
A．the parents’ opinion B．the terrible animal
C．the teenage problem D．the parents’ advice
4．From the second example we can infer that the parents of the two daughters ________.
A．pay no attention to them
B．are too busy to look after them
C．have come to hate them
D．feel helpless to do much about them
（2022秋·甘肃金昌·高一永昌县第一高级中学校考期中）Think of somebody you really admire. You will probably find that their success didn’t come easily. As the “Father of Hybrid Rice(杂交水稻)”, Yuan Longping got over great difficulties and spent his whole life working to reduce world hunger and helping to feed the country with the largest population.
Wu Mengchao, the “Father of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery(肝胆外科)”, focused on saving people’s lives for nearly eighty years. He performed more than 16,000 operations during his life. Holding the surgeon’s knife for such a long time deformed his fingers, which are not in the shape of normal ones. Wu once said, “It would my greatest happiness if I could work at the operating table until my dying day.”
In 1969, in order to solve the problem of treating malaria(疟疾), Tu Youyou, the pharmacologist(药学家) took on the job as head of a research team. She and her teammates performed different kinds of experiments. However, the results were disappointing. Instead of giving up? They kept trying. Finally, in 1972, they made it! In 2015, at the age of 85, she received Nobel Prize.
Thomas Edison, the inventor of the light bulb(灯泡) believed that every failure was a step towards success. He once said, “If I find 10,000 ways something won’t work, I haven’t failed. I am not discouraged, because every wrong try is another step forward.”
Some people only became successful after their deaths. Not like Pablo Picasso who became famous and very rich during his lifetime, the artist Vincent van Gogh only sold one painting all through his life and that was to a friend. But he kept painting and he painted more than 2,000 artworks in the following ten years. Now his paintings are very popular and they sell for millions of pounds.
One thing all these people have in common is sticking to their goals no matter what.
5．What do Yuan Longping and Wu Mengchao have in common?
A．They succeeded in solving world problems.
B．They spent all their lives serving people.
C．They achieved a lot in the medical field.
D．They are remembered for their happiness.
6．The underlined phrase deformed his fingers could be replaced by.
A．changed the shape of his fingers B．made him feel down
C．gave him too much pressure D．got his fingers cut off
7．It is clear that _____.
A．Pablo Picasso became famous after his death
B．Vincent van Gogh painted 2,001 artworks in his life
C．it took Tu Youyou’s team about 3 years to reach their goal
D．Thomas Edison tried 10,000 ways before he invented the light bulb
8．What does the writer mainly want to tell us?
A．Not everyone can be successful.
B．The more difficulties, the better.
C．Great achievements aren’t made naturally.
D．Great hopes make great men.
（2022秋·宁夏银川·高一六盘山高级中学校考期中）America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real , yet disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending(延伸)sometimes deeply into both families.
Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, and share their holidays and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality(好客)easily.
Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday life, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may be generous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides for our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at home, but truly can not manage a great deal of time to do with a visitor outside their daily routine. They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably.
For the Americans, it is often considered friendlier to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for purely business matters. So accept their hospitality at home!
9．The writer of this passage must be________.
A．an American B．a Chinese C．a professor D．a student
10．What does the underlined phrase “ generous with our time ” in Paragraph 3 probably mean ?
A．Willing to spend time. B．Serious about time.
C．Careful with time. D．Strict with time.
11．When we arrive in America to visit an American friend, we will be________.
A．warmly welcomed at the airport B．offered a ride to his home
C．treated kindly at his home D．treated to dinner in a restaurant
12．What is the best title for this passage ?
A．Friendships between Chinese
B．Friendships between Americans
C．Americans’ hospitality
D．Americans’ and Chinese people’s different views on friendship
（2022秋·广西南宁·高一三美学校校考期中）Nature can provide almost everything human beings need if we follow her rules. But if we break rules, nature is likely to be cruel and lash out at us.
The outbreak of the COVID-19 in China and other countries is an example. Dr.Peter Daszak, president of the US-based health organization, said, “This outbreak is a lesson for us. New pandemics (流行病) are driven by human population density (密度), wildlife diversity, and land use change.”
In ancient times, people needed to rely on nature to survive, so they respect it. For example, the American Indians believed that humans are a part of nature and nature is a part of humans. Chinese ancients always tried to keep the harmony between nature and human beings.
However, as human beings master more knowledge and make more modern tools, people try to change and even conquer nature. They use more land to make buildings and catch wild and rare animals for their own needs. In this process, human beings gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of balance.
Although we don’t for sure what first caused with the COVID-19 outbreak, it’s time for people to think carefully about our relationship with our planet and reconnect with this world and everything that we’ve been given. After all, nature is not the place to visit. It’s our home.
13．What does the underlined phrase “lash out at” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Control. B．Challenge.
C．Protect. D．Punish.
14．What lesson should we learn from the COVID-19 outbreak?
A．Humans should live peacefully with nature.
B．Bats are one of the most dangerous wild animals.
C．We should stop the wildlife trade around the world.
D．It’s impossible to prevent new pandemics globally.
15．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A．How human activities cause global warming.
B．How human beings break the balance of nature.
C．How human beings become their own masters.
D．How humans use technology to improve their lives.
16．What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?
A．To think deeply about the COVID-19 outbreak.
B．To explain what led to the COVID-19 outbreak.
C．To describe experts’ predictions on new pandemics.
D．To compare ancient and modern attitudes toward nature.
（2022秋·黑龙江哈尔滨·高一哈尔滨三中校考期中）There will be days when you do not have much to do. Perhaps because you are waiting for someone else in a different department or a different company to respond to a request. As the clock ticks past 5 pm, there may be no purpose in staying at your desk. But you can see your boss hard at work and, more importantly, they can see you. So you make an effort to look busy.
Some of this may be a self-perpetuating (自我延续的) cycle. If bosses do not like to go home before their workers, and workers fear leaving before their bosses, everyone is trapped. Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting in maximum effort. Managers, who are often no good at judging employees’ performance, use time in the office as an alternative.
The consequence is often wasted effort. Rather than work hard, you work hard to make bosses think that you are. Leaving a jacket on your office chair, walking around purposefully with a notebook and sending out emails at odd hours are three of the best-known tricks. After a while this can result in collective self-cheat that this pretence (假装) is actual work.
But presenteeism (全勤主义) has more serious consequences. As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. According to a study, these costs can be six times higher for employers than the costs of absenteeism among workers. For example, a research found that Japanese employees with lower-back pain were three times more likely to turn up for work than in Britain. As a result, those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression. What could be more upset than being in pain while feeling trapped at work?
None of this is to say that employers haven’t the right to expect workers to be in the office for an acceptable proportion of time. Unavoidably there will be a need for some (preferably short) meetings. Dealing with colleagues face-to-face creates a feeling of trust and friendship, allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their needs.
But modern machinery like smartphones and laptops is portable. It can be used as easily at home as in the office. Turing an office into a prison, with prisoners allowed home for the evenings, does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automated. To be productive you need presence of mind, not being present in the flesh.
17．Why do employees still stay at their desk after work according to the passage?
A．To put extra efforts into their work. B．To get more overtime allowance.
C．To give their bosses a good impression. D．To keep their bosses company.
18．Which of the following is the consequence of presenteeism?
A．Employers will pay workers higher wages.
B．Workers will suffer physically and mentally.
C．Workers will perform their job more efficiently.
D．The effort put in by workers will finally pay off.
19．Why is working in the office for some time necessary?
A．It brings bosses more profits. B．It helps build better social bonds.
C．It makes the exchange of ideas formal. D．It satisfies workers’ material needs.
20．What would the author probably agree with?
A．Presenteeism can’t help develop creativity.
B．Absence from work reduces productivity.
C．Presence at work will be more joyful.
D．Technology makes company management easier.
（2022秋·四川成都·高一统考期中）One of the greatest sources of unhappiness, in my experience, is the difficulty we have in accepting things as they are.
When we see something we don’t like, we wish it could be different. We cry out for something better. That may be human nature, or perhaps it’s something rooted in our culture. The root of the unhappiness isn’t necessarily that we want things to be different. However, it’s that we decided we didn’t like it in the first place. We’ve judged it as bad, rather than saying, “It’s not bad or good, and it just is it.”
In one of my books, I said “You should expect people to mess up and expect things to go differently than you planned”. Some readers said it’s too sorrowful to expect things to go wrong. However, it’s only negative if you see it as negative and judge it as bad. Instead, you could accept it as the way the world works and try to understand why that is.
This can be applied to whatever you do: how other people act at work, how politics works and how depressing the news media can be. Accept these things as they are, and try to understand why they’re that way. It will save you a lot of sadness, because you’ll no longer say, “Oh. I wish bad things didn’t happen.”
Does it mean you can never change things? Not at all. But change things not because you can’t accept things as they are, but because you enjoy the process of changing, learning and growing.
Can we make this world a better place? You can say that you’ll continue to try to do things to help others, to grow as a person, to make a difference in this world. That’s the correct path you choose to take, because you enjoy that path. Therefore, when you find yourself judging and wishing for difference, try a different approach: accept and understand. It might lead to some interesting results.
21．The author believes that we feel unhappy maybe because ________.
A．it is our natural emotion in the life B．culture asks us to be different from others
C．everyone has their own opinions on things D．we dislike something in the beginning
22．Some readers think the words in the author’s book is too ________.
A．depressing B．frightening C．encouraging D．unreal
23．In paragraph 4, the underlined word “it” refers to ________.
A．acting well at work and in politics
B．feeling depressed for the news media
C．accepting and understanding what has happened
D．saying something negative when bad things come
24．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Expecting things to be different gives us hope.
B．Accepting can make our life happier and better.
C．Traditional culture becomes the root of unhappiness.
D．Judging good or bad is important for our world.
（2022秋·河北石家庄·高一期中）Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable? Many people seem to think so, judging (判断) by the things they wear. But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person.
People go to great lengths to be fashionable. Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as high-heeled shoes that cause pain to their feet, and tight body shapers that limit blood flow. Men and women alike spend time and money on products that change their natural hair color or hairstyle. Some people even spend several hours a day in front of a mirror. Is fashion so important that people spend so much time and effort changing what they look like?
If the purpose of fashion is to make a person feel good, it does not make sense that he or she would go through so much discomfort to be fashionable. Fashion should not come first. People should put their health and positive image in the first place. What people wear does not say anything about their personalities. Instead of spending hours choosing a dress, perhaps you should call your friends and do something together, such as playing soccer or badminton. Instead of going on strict diets and forcing yourself to stay hungry, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercise? By doing these things, you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a person.
25．Why does the author include questions in the text?
A．To enrich the content. B．To introduce a new topic.
C．To present different ideas. D．To encourage readers to think.
26．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The fact about fashion industry. B．Reasons why fashion is important.
C．The price to pay for being fashionable. D．Products popular with fashion followers.
27．Which of the following activities would the author most likely recommend?
A．Going skiing with friends. B．Starting a new diet with a friend.
C．Changing hairstyles every week. D．Shopping for fashionable clothes.
28．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text?
A．To introduce the latest fashion trends.
B．To tell readers how to remain fashionable.
C．To advise readers to value health over fashion.
D．To show readers advantages and disadvantages of dieting.
（2022秋·湖南长沙·高一校联考期中）Parents do not owe (欠) their children a college education, if they can afford it, they can certainly send them to a good university. But they needn’t feel guilty if they can’t. When children grow up and want to get married, their parents do not owe them an apartment. They do not have the duty to look after their grandchildren, either. If they want to do it, it must be considered a favor, not an obligation.
Do parents owe their children anything? Yes, they owe them a great deal.
One of their obligations is to give their children a sense of personal worth. Children who are always made to feel stupid and unworthy, constantly compared with brighter brothers, sisters, or cousins will become so unsure, so afraid of failing that they won’t try at all. Of course, they should be properly corrected when they do wrong, but it’s often better to let children learn from their mistakes by themselves in time. All their parents should do is to trust them, respect them, understand them and give them chances to try and fail. They must learn to stand failure. When criticisms (批评) are really needed, they should be balanced with a smile and a kiss. That is the way children learn.
Parents owe their children a set of solid values around which to build their lives. This means teaching them to respect the rights and opinions of others. Also, it means being respectful to elders, to teachers, and to the law. The best way to teach such values is by deed. A child who is lied to will lie. A child who sees no laughter and no love in the home will have difficulty laughing and loving.
No child asks to be born. If you bring a life into the world, you owe the child something.
29．What does the underlined word “obligation” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．Duty B．Burden C．Excuse D．Debt
30．According to this passage, what should parents do for their children?
A．Offer help but needn’t feel guilty if they can’t. B．Look after their grandchildren for their kids.
C．Buy their kids a house. D．Send their children to the university.
31．In the author’s opinion, when the kids make mistakes, what are parents supposed to do?
A．Blame them and tell them not to do that again.
B．Give them chances to learn from their mistakes.
C．Compare them with brighter brothers or sisters.
D．Correct their mistakes directly.
32．What does the author mainly talk about in this passage?
A．The reason why children feel stupid and unworthy.
B．How to teach children correctly.
C．The real duties that parents have to their kids.
D．The reason why parents owe their children something.
（2022秋·广东揭阳·高一普宁市华侨中学校考期中）Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has suggested that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a mistake in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be careful that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances. Positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.
33．What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A．Mental stress should be reduced. B．Sport should be made less competitive.
C．Stress should be made less. D．Sport can be mentally challenging.
34．According to the passage, young people like sport because ________ .
A．it can help them learn more about society
B．it enables them to criticize themselves
C．it can provide them with valuable experiences
D．it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves
35．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Parents and coaches should enable children to enjoy sport.
B．Parents and coaches should help children to win every game.
C．Parents and coaches should train children to deal with stress.
D．Parents and coaches should understand the meaning of sport.
36．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To teach young athletes how to avoid burnout.
B．To persuade young children not to worry about criticism.
C．To stress the importance of encouraging children.
D．To discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement.
（2022秋·山东潍坊·高一统考期中）How would you go without your smartphone? For many of us, our smartphone is the first and last thing we look at every day. We depend on it to perform a number of tasks and connect with our friends and family. But have we become addicted to our phones?
Certainly, the inventor of the first mobile phone. American engineer Martin Cooper, thinks we might be. In a BBC interview, he suggested people quit scrolling (刷屏) and “get a life”. But of course, once we start scrolling or watching videos, we just can’t kick the habit. Psychologist Jean Twenge says we feel regret for “checking our phone again and again if we’re waiting for a text or getting really into social media then kind of, looking up and realising that an hour has passed.”
But does it matter if we make the most of this technology? Possibly, because like medicine, the problem appears when it is withdrawn. A study from King’s College London found young people couldn’t control the amount of time they spend on their phone. Such behaviour means that people become “anxious” or “upset” if they are not allowed to be on the phone continuously, which can cause anxiety and mental health problems.
Interestingly, another study by the London School of Economics Science suggests we don’t just look at our phones when we receive text or email messages. The people they studied felt an automatical (自动的) need to check their phone, just as a smoker would light a cigarette.
One solution could be an app that rewards (奖励) students for time spent away from their phones. Another choice is changing your smartphone to a dumbphone that has none of the things that turn your attention away. But mainly, perhaps, we just need to look up more and reconnect with the real world!
37．What is Martin Cooper’s attitude to focusing on smartphones?
A．Uncaring.
B．Doubtful.
C．Unclear.
D．Unacceptable.
38．What does the underlined word “withdrawn” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Stopped.
B．Increased.
C．Offered.
D．Saved.
39．What is the author’s key suggestion in the last paragraph?
A．Concentrate on studies.
B．Get a reward for offline time.
C．Buy a new smartphone.
D．Contact with the real world.
40．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Benefits from Smartphones
B．Addiction to Smartphones
C．Development of Smartphones
D．Disadvantages of Smartphones
参考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过几个好友的孩子出现的青少年问题，陈述了父母不应该因为青少年问题而责备自己。
1．判断推理题。根据文章第一段中“Parents should stop blaming themselves because there’s not a lot they can do about it. I mean the teenager problem. (父母应该停止责备自己，因为他们对此无能为力。我的意思是青少年问题。)”可知，作者是想通过劝说父母不要责备自己来说一些关于青少年问题的事情，由此可推知，写这篇文章的作者最有可能是一位青少年问题研究的专家。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sprawling himself(懒散地躺) on the sofa in full length, he made no attempt to turn off the loud TV he was watching as I walked in, and his greeting was no more than a quick glance at me. His mother was ashamed. (他趴在沙发上，在我走进来的时候，他没有试图关掉他正在看的嘈杂的电视，他的问候只不过是匆匆瞥了我一眼。他的母亲很惭愧。)”可知，这个躺在沙发上的男孩对客人非常不礼貌。故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段中“Parents should stop blaming themselves because there’s not a lot they can do about it. I mean the teenager problem.(父母不应该再责怪自己，因为他们无能为力。我是说青少年问题。)”可知，第一段提出父母不应该为青少年问题而责怪自己，第二段第一句“I’ve seen friends deal with it all kinds of different ways. (我见过朋友们以各种不同的方式处理它。)”后举例男孩躺在沙发上对客人不礼貌来说明父母处理青少年问题的不同方式，由此可知，第二段中it指代的是青少年问题。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“One of the daughters has recently been driven out of school. The other has left home. (其中一个女儿最近被赶出了学校。另一个已经离家出走。)”及最后一段““Where did we go wrong?” her parents are now very sad. Probably nowhere much. At least, no more than the rest of that unfortunate race, parents. (“我们哪里做错了？”她的父母现在非常伤心。可能无处可去。至少，不比那个不幸的种族的其余部分更多，父母。)”可知，两个女孩的父母如今不知所措，非常无助，不知道改如何去做。故选D。
5．B 6．A 7．C 8．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文主要介绍伟人的事迹，告诉我们伟大的成就不是天生的，所有这些伟人的共同点就是无论发生什么都坚持自己的目标。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Yuan Longping got over great difficulties and spent his whole life working to reduce world hunger and helping to feed the country with the largest population.(作为“杂交水稻之父”，袁隆平克服重重困难，终其一生致力于减少世界饥饿，帮助养活世界上人口最多的国家。)”以及文章第二段“Wu Mengchao, the “Father of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery”, focused on saving people’s lives for nearly eighty years.(吴孟超，“中国肝胆外科之父”，近八十年来专注于挽救生命。) ”可知，袁隆平和吴孟超一生都在为人民服务。故选B项。
6．词义猜测题。根据下文which引导定语从句“which are not in the shape of normal ones.(它们不是正常的形状。）分析可知，which指代上文“Holding the surgeon’s knife for such a long time”，因此推断，长时间握手术刀导致对他的手指造成了一定的影响，他的手指变形了，这不是正常的形状。所以划线词意为“使手指变形”。与A项“使他的手指变形了”意思相近。故选A项。
7．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In 1969, in order to solve the problem of treating malaria, Tu Youyou, the pharmacologist took on the job as head of a research team.(1969年，为了解决治疗疟疾的问题，药理学家屠呦呦担任了一个研究小组的负责人。)”以及“Finally, in 1972, they made it!(最终，在1972年，他们成功了！)”可知，1969年开始研究，1972年成功，一共花了屠呦呦三年时间达成目标。故选C项。
8．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Think of somebody you really admire. You will probably find that their success didn’t come easily.(想想你真正崇拜的人。你可能会发现他们的成功来之不易。)”以及最后一段“One thing all these people have in common is sticking to their goals no matter what.(这些人都有一个共同点，那就是无论如何都要坚持自己的目标。)”可知，本文主要通过介绍伟人的事迹，告诉我们伟大的成就不是天生的。故选C项。
9．B 10．A 11．C 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了中国人和美国人对待友谊的不同观点和方式。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending(延伸)sometimes deeply into both families.(这对我们中国人来说是很难理解的，因为我们之间的友谊花得比较慢，但可能会变成一生的感情，有时会深入到两个家庭。)”和第三段“Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday life, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time.(我们中国人理解美国人的另一个难点是，尽管他们在日常生活中热情地对待我们，但如果这需要大量的时间，他们就不会对我们表现出礼貌。)”可知，这篇文章的作者一定是一个中国人。故选B。
10．词句猜测题。根据划线词前一句“although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country(尽管美国人在他们的日常生活中热情地对待我们，但如果需要花费大量的时间，他们就不会表现出他们的礼貌。这通常与我们国家的做法相反)”可知，在中国，我们可能会慷慨地花时间。由此可以猜测，generous with our time意思为“在时间上很慷慨，愿意付出很多时间”。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据第三段“The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at home, but truly can not manage a great deal of time to do with a visitor outside their daily routine. (然而，美国人通常是在家里表示欢迎，但在日常生活之外确实抽不出大量时间来接待客人。)”和“Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably. (一旦我们到达他们的家，欢迎将是充分的，热情和真实的。我们会受到热情款待。)”可知，当我们到美国去拜访一位美国朋友时，我们会在他家受到亲切的接待。故选C。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别根据第一段“This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending(延伸)sometimes deeply into both families.(这对我们中国人来说是很难理解的，因为我们之间的友谊花得比较慢，但可能会变成一生的感情，有时会深入到两个家庭。)”和第三段“Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday life, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time.(我们中国人理解美国人的另一个难点是，尽管他们在日常生活中热情地对待我们，但如果这需要大量的时间，他们就不会对我们表现出礼貌。)”可知，文章说明了美国人和中国人对友谊方面的不同观点和做法。文章标题应为“Americans’ and Chinese people’s different views on friendship(美国人和中国人对友谊的不同观点)”。故选D。
13．D 14．A 15．B 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章是作者对新冠肺炎疫情爆发的反思。如果我们遵循大自然的规则，大自然几乎可以提供人类所需的一切。但如果我们违反规则，她很可能会很残忍，对我们发起攻击。
13．词句猜测题。根据划线词组上文“Nature can provide almost everything human beings need if we follow her rules. But if we break rules, nature is likely to be cruel(如果我们遵循她的规则，大自然几乎可以提供人类所需要的一切。但如果我们打破规则，自然很可能是残酷的)”可知，与be cruel to us并列的应该是“惩罚”我们。由此可知，划线词组的意思是“惩罚”。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段“This outbreak is a lesson for us. New pandemics (流行病) are driven by human population density (密度), wildlife diversity, and land use change.(这次疫情对我们来说是一个教训。新的流行病是由人口密度、野生动物多样性和土地利用变化驱动的)”可推知，我们应该从COVID 19的爆发中学到“人类应该与自然和平相处”。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。根据第四段“However, as human beings master more knowledge and make more modern tools, people try to change and even conquer nature. They use more land to make buildings and catch wild and rare animals for their own needs. In this process, human beings gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of balance.(然而，随着人类掌握了更多的知识，制造了更多的现代工具，人们试图改变甚至征服自然。他们使用更多的土地来建造建筑物，捕捞野生和稀有动物以满足自己的需要。在这个过程中，人类逐渐与自然失去联系，甚至使自然失去平衡)”可知，第四段讲述的是“人类是如何打破自然平衡的”。故选B。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although we don’t for sure what first caused with the COVID-19 outbreak, it’s time for people to think carefully about our relationship with our planet and reconnect with this world and everything that we’ve been given. After all, nature is not the place to visit. It’s our home.(虽然我们不确定是什么首先导致了COVID-19的爆发，但现在是时候让人们仔细思考我们与地球的关系，重新连接这个世界和我们被赋予的一切。毕竟，大自然不是参观的地方。这是我们的家)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是反思新冠肺炎疫情的爆发。故选A。
17．C 18．B 19．B 20．A
【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述在上班族之间存在的自我延续的循环的坏处和改掉这个循环的建议。
17．推理判断题。根据第二段“If bosses do not like to go home before their workers, and workers fear leaving before their bosses, everyone is trapped. Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting in maximum effort. Managers, who are often no good at judging employees’ performance, use time in the office as an alternative.”(如果老板不喜欢在工人之前回家，工人害怕在老板之前离开，那么每个人都会被困。员工可能会觉得，如果他们没有尽最大努力，他们就不会加薪或升职。管理者通常不善于判断员工的表现，他们把在办公室的时间作为一种选择。)可知，下班后员工还不回家的目的是要给老板留下好印象。故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段“But presenteeism (全勤主义) has more serious consequences. As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. According to a study, these costs can be six times higher for employers than the costs of absenteeism among workers. For example, a research found that Japanese employees with lower-back pain were three times more likely to turn up for work than in Britain. As a result, those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression. What could be more upset than being in pain while feeling trapped at work?”(但全勤主义有更严重的后果。这不仅会降低生产力，还会增加雇主的医疗费用。根据一项研究，雇主的这些成本可能是工人旷工成本的六倍。例如，一项研究发现，腰痛的日本员工上班的可能性是英国的三倍。因此，这些工人更有可能经历更大的痛苦，并患上抑郁症。还有什么比在工作中陷入痛苦更令人不安的呢？)可知，全勤主义会使得员工们在身体上和心理上都遭受很大的痛苦。故选B。
19．细节理解题。根据第五段“Unavoidably there will be a need for some (preferably short) meetings. Dealing with colleagues face-to-face creates a feeling of trust and friendship, allows for a useful exchange of ideas and enables workers to have a better sense of their needs.”(不可避免地需要召开一些（最好是简短的）会议。面对面与同事打交道会产生一种信任和友谊的感觉，允许进行有益的思想交流，并使员工更好地了解自己的需求。)可知，在办公室的时间会让员工们建立更好的纽带。故选B。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Turing an office into a prison, with prisoners allowed home for the evenings, does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automated.”(把办公室变成监狱，让囚犯回家过夜，这对办公室工作人员的创造力没有任何帮助，因为日常工作都是自动化的。)可知，全勤主义并不能刺激员工们的创造力。故选A。
21．D 22．A 23．C 24．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了人们不快乐的根源是不愿意接受事物本来的样子，总想试图把它们改变成自己喜欢的样子。在文中作者建议人们要学会去接受、理解事物本来的面貌，本质，然后就会有意想不到的收获。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段“The root of the unhappiness isn’t necessarily that we want things to be different. However, it’s that we decided we didn’t like it in the first place.(不快乐的根源不一定是我们希望事情有所不同。然而，是我们一开始就决定不喜欢它。)”可知，作者认为人们不快乐的根源是从一开始我们就不喜欢某些东西，不愿意接受它们本来的样子。故选D项。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段“Some readers said it’s too sorrowful to expect things to go wrong. (一些读者说，期待事情会出错太令人悲伤了。)”可知，一些读者认为作者的话太过消沉，悲观。故选A项。
23．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Accept these things as they are, and try to understand why they’re that way. It will save you a lot of sadness, because you’ll no longer say, “Oh. I wish bad things didn’t happen.”(接受这些事情本来的样子，并试着理解为什么会是这样。它会帮你省去很多悲伤，因为你不会再说“哦。我希望坏事没有发生。”)”可知，只有接受事物本身的样子，你才不会感到那么悲伤，可推知此处it指代前面内容，即接受事物本身的样子，并去理解为什么是这样的。故选C项。
24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“One of the greatest sources of unhappiness, in my experience, is the difficulty we have in accepting things as they are.(根据我的经验，不快乐的最大来源之一是我们难以接受事物的本来面目。)”以及余下全文可知，文章开头提出人们不快乐的根源是不愿意接受事物本来的样子，然后进一步分析说明，最后建议人们为了快乐就要学会接受、理解。由此可知B选项“Accepting can make our life happier and better.(接受让我们的生活变得更快乐和更好。)”符合语意。故选B项。
25．B 26．C 27．A 28．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要就时尚和舒适展开讨论，劝说读者时尚远不如健康和舒适更重要，并且提出了健康生活方式的建议。
25．推理判断题。根据第一段“Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable? Many people seem to think so, judging (判断) by the things they wear. But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person.(看起来时尚比舒适更重要吗？从他们穿的衣服来判断，很多人似乎都这么认为。但时尚并不是一切。做一个健康舒适的人更重要)”可知，作者提出问题，以引入文章的主题：健康比时尚更重要。故选B项。
26．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as high-heeled shoes that cause pain to their feet, and tight body shapers that limit blood flow. Men and women alike spend time and money on products that change their natural hair color or hairstyle. Some people even spend several hours a day in front of a mirror.(有些人认为自己必须拥有某种体型，所以他们为了改变自己的身材，采取极端、不健康的饮食。此外，许多女性穿着不舒适的时装，如导致脚部疼痛的高跟鞋，限制血液流动的紧身塑身衣。男人和女人都会花时间和金钱购买改变他们自然发色或发型的产品。有些人甚至每天花几个小时在镜子前)”可知，本段主要介绍了人们为了时尚付出的代价。故选C项。
27．推理判断题。根据第三段“Instead of spending hours choosing a dress, perhaps you should call your friends and do something together, such as playing soccer or badminton. Instead of going on strict diets and forcing yourself to stay hungry, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercise? By doing these things, you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a person.(与其花几个小时来挑选衣服，也许你应该打电话给你的朋友，一起做一些事情，比如踢足球或打羽毛球。与其严格节食，强迫自己保持饥饿，为什么不吃一些健康的食物，然后锻炼身体呢？通过做这些事情，你可以保持健康的生活方式，真正成长为一个人)”可知，与花费时间精力以及牺牲健康而换取时尚相比，作者认为应该吃健康食物，和朋友一起锻炼身体。由此推知，作者可能推荐和朋友一起去滑雪这项活动。故选A项。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段“But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person.(但时尚并不是一切。做一个健康舒适的人更重要)”以及第三段“Fashion should not come first. People should put their health and positive image in the first place.(时尚不应该是第一位的。人们应该把健康和正面形象放在首位)”可知，本文说明时尚远不如健康和舒适更重要。由此推知，作者写作本文的目的是劝说读者重视健康胜过重视时尚。故选C项。
29．A 30．A 31．B 32．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了父母对孩子的真正责任。
29．词义猜测题。根据第一段中“They do not have the duty to look after their grandchildren, either.”（他们也没有义务照顾他们的孙辈。）以及划线单词句前半部分“If they want to do it, it must be considered a favor”（如果他们想这么做，这必须被视为一种帮助）故可猜测，obligation为“义务，职责”的意思，结合选项A项Duty“职责，义务”意思一致。故选A项。
30．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Parents do not owe their children a college education, if they can afford it, they can certainly send them to a good university. But they needn’t feel guilty if they can’t.”（父母不欠他们的孩子大学教育，如果他们负担得起，他们当然可以送他们去一个好的大学。但如果他们做不到，也不必感到内疚。）可知，根据这篇文章，父母应该为他们的孩子提供帮助，但如果他们不能，不必感到内疚。故选A项。
31．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Of course, they should be properly corrected when they do wrong, but it’s often better to let children learn from their mistakes by themselves in time.”（当然，当他们做错的时候，应该得到适当的纠正，但往往最好是让孩子自己及时从错误中吸取教训。）可知，在作者看来，当孩子犯错时，父母应该给他们机会从错误中学习。故选B项。
32．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“No child asks to be born. If you bring a life into the world, you owe the child something.”（没有孩子要求被生下来。如果你把一个生命带到这个世界上，你就欠这个孩子一些东西。）可知，作者在这篇文章中主要讲的是父母对孩子的真正责任。故选C项。
33．D 34．C 35．A 36．C
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。体育运动既是对人的体力的挑战，也是对人的心理的挑战。在体育运动中，父母和教练应对孩子多鼓励，少批评，让孩子用积极的心态去迎接挑战。
33．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has suggested that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.(运动不仅是对身体的挑战，也可以是对精神的挑战。来自教练、父母和其他队友的批评，以及获胜的压力会给年轻运动员带来过多的焦虑或压力。压力可以是身体上的、情感上的或心理上的，研究表明它会导致精疲力竭。精疲力竭被描述为放弃或放弃一项曾经很享受的活动)”可知，第一段主要讲的是体育运动对精神的挑战。故选D项。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place.(体育活动能为年轻人提供极其有价值的一生都有用的人生经历)”可知，年轻人喜欢运动是因为它可以为他们提供宝贵的经历。故选C项。
35．推理判断题。根据第三段“In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances.(在如今的青少年体育环境中，年轻运动员可能更担心谁会赢，而不是享受自己和这项运动。在一场比赛之后，许多家长和教练都会关注比赛的结果，并对孩子们的表现挑刺)”可推知，家长和教练正确的做法是让孩子们享受体育活动。故选A项。
36．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism.(积极的鼓励比批评更能激励学习，对学习有更大的影响)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是强调鼓励孩子的重要性。故选C项。
37．D 38．A 39．D 40．B
【导语】本文是篇议论文。智能手机已经成为人们生活中不可缺少的部分，很多人也都形成了手机依赖症。文章讲述了手机依赖症的特点及产生的问题，并希望人们能够多点时间放下手机，投入到现实世界中来。
37．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In a BBC interview, he suggested people quit scrolling (刷屏) and “get a life”.(在接受BBC采访时，他建议人们不要再刷手机了，要“享受生活”)”可推知，Martin Cooper不支持人们天天刷手机。故选D。
38．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“Such behaviour means that people become “anxious” or “upset” if they are not allowed to be on the phone continuously, which can cause anxiety and mental health problems.(这种行为意味着，如果不允许人们持续打电话，他们会变得“焦虑”或“不安”，这可能会导致焦虑和心理健康问题)”可知，划线词所在句意为“有可能，因为就像药物一样，当它被停用时，问题就出现了”，也就是说手机就和药物一样，一直吃药会产生依赖，但一旦停药，身体就会出问题。由此推知，划线词withdrawn与stopped意思接近。故选A。
39．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But mainly, perhaps, we just need to look up more and reconnect with the real world!(但最主要的，也许我们只是需要抬头，重新连接到现实世界！)”可知，与现实世界的接触是作者在最后一段的关键建议。故选D。
40．主旨大意题。第一段“ But have we become addicted to our phones?(但是我们已经对手机上瘾了吗？)”提出了文章的主题，下文对这一主题展开了描述，提出了人们对手机上瘾的症状和产生的问题，最后对此提出了建议。由此可知，B. Addiction to Smartphones(智能手机成瘾)适合作本文标题。故选B。
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