2023年初中英语语法之分词要点总结及专项训练

这是一份2023年初中英语语法之分词要点总结及专项训练，共9页。
2023年初中英语语法之分词要点总结及专项训练分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词，具有形容词功能，同时又表现各种动词性特点，在句子中可以作状语，表语，宾补，定语等，用途非常广泛。分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词，分为现在分词和过去分词两种，是一种非谓语动词形式，分词可以有自己的状语，宾语，逻辑主语。 作状语：分词作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、方式、伴随等，且其逻辑主语需要与句中主语相一致。eg. When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.      当离开机场时，她不停的向我们挥手     Once recovered, he again devoted himself into work.     一恢复身体他就再次投入工作作定语：作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语则置于被修饰词的后面。eg. We will continue our project as soon as we get  the added support.      一旦拿到额外的援助，我们会尽快继续项目。      More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries.      越来越多的发展中国家和发达国家建立了战略合作关系。作表语:作表语时作用相当于形容词。eg. Developing country.      发展中国家。    A lot of confused idea .    许多混乱的观念。 做宾语补足语：eg. I  see her passing my window every day.      我看见她每天经过我窗前。     We will have this works finished tomorrow.     我们明天会完成这些工作。现在分词的用法分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词，具有形容词功能，同时又表现各种动词性特点，在句子中可以作状语，表语，宾补，定语等，用途非常广泛，分为现在分词和过去分词两类，也就是动词的ing形式和ed形式。做表语：相当于形容词，表示主语的性质eg. He is an amusing man.      他是一个很搞笑的人。 作定语：单个单词修饰发出该动作的名词，置于前面，短语置于后面，相当于定语从句eg. That must be a terrifying experience.           那一定是个糟糕的经历。     There are some girls dancing outside classroom.      有一些女孩在教室外跳舞。作状语：现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作：eg. Carrying the schoolbag, he opened the door.            他打开门，背上书包。现在分词短语还可以表示原因：eg. Being refused, he is very sad.      被拒绝了，他很伤心。现在分词短语还可以表示时间：eg. Be careful when you cleanning the window.      擦窗的时候小心点。作宾补：置于动词之后。eg. I see something burning.     我看到有些东西在燃烧。过去分词的用法过去分词是一种非谓语动词，在句中不能单独做谓语。但它具有形容词和副词的特性，因此在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。过去分词作定语过去分词作定语有两种情况，如果过去分词单个的词，就放在被修饰的词的前面；若为分词短语则放在所修饰的词的后面。The excited children are opening their Christmas presents.兴奋的孩子们正在打开他们的圣诞礼物。Some of the people invited to the party can’t come.有些被邀请参加晚会的人不能来。注意：做定语用的过去分词通常指已完成的动作：如指未来的情况，则用不定式的被动形式。过去分词作表语The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。注意过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。过去分词作主语补足语What made you so frightened?什么使你这样惊恐？英语语法专项训练·分词1. Anyone ______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.A. seen carry                        B. seen carryingC. saw to carry                     D. saw carrying2. The plane crashed, _____ all 200 people aboard.A. killed                                B. having killedC. killing                               D. had killed3. We solved the problem by reducing our costs and _____ more money.A. borrowed                         B. borrowingC. would borrow                   D. had borrowed4. I asked the boss for a month’s holiday and, _____ it or not, he agreed.A. believe                              B. to believeC. believing                           D. believed5. The new manager started last week, ______ with him plenty of new ideas.A. bringing                            B. broughtC. to bring                            D. to have brought6. Any student ______ will be disqualified from the exam.A. catching cheating              B. catching to cheatC. caught cheating                 D. caught to cheat7. She read the letter through before sending it, _____ for spelling mistakes.A. checked                            B. to be checkingC. checking                           D. having checked8. Before you decide to leave your job, ______ the effect it will have on your family.A. consider                            B. consideringC. to consider                        D. considered9. If you’re going on a long car journey, ______ sure the vehicle’s in good condition.A. making                              B. to makeC. make                                 D. having made10. ______ the road round to the right and you’ll find his house.A. Follow                               B. FollowingC. To be following                  D. Having followed11. He arrived at the office early, ______ a good example to the others.A. set                                     B. to setC. to be set                             D. having set12. He pushed his way through the crowd, ______ “Excuse me.”A. to say                                 B. saidC. saying                                 D. having saying13. The film star walked to his car, ______ a crowd of journalists.A. followed by                         B. following byC. to follow                             D. to be followed by14. “Where is David?” “He is upstairs ______ ready to go out.”A. to get                                  B. gettingC. to be getting                         D. having got15. If you go there alone after dark you might be get ______.A. attacked and robbed              B. attacking and robbingC. to attack and rob                   D. to be attacked and robbed16. She gets about quite a lot, ______ for an international company.A. working                               B. worksC. having worked                      D. to be working 17. _____ him enough time to get home before you telephone.A. Give                                     B. To giveC. Giving                                  D. Given18. She didn’t want to _____ a secretary all her life, so she went back to college.A. go on being                           B. go on to beC. go to be                                D. go being19. He was reading his book, completely _____ to the world.A. lost                                       B. losingC. to lose                                   D. to having lost20. Don’t sit there ______ — come and help me!A. watch                                    B. watchingC. to watch                                D. to be watching21. I found I could easily make myself ______ by using sign language.A. understood                             B. understandC. to understand                          D. being understood22. Do not leave the building unless ______ to do so.A. to instruct                               B. instructedC. being instructed                       D. instructing23. If you don’t succeed the first time, ______ again.A. try                                          B. to tryC. trying                                      D. to be trying24. He’d walked the streets all night ______ somewhere to stay.A. looked                                     B. looked forC. looking                                    D. looking for25. Look at that little boy ______ about — perhaps he’s lost his mother.A. wander                                    B. wanderingC. to be wandering                        D. being wandering 【参考答案】1—5 BCBAA  6—10 CCACA11—15 BCABA  16—20 AAAAB21—25 ABADB