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2023上海市复旦大学附中高三下学期3月月考英语试题含解析
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这是一份2023上海市复旦大学附中高三下学期3月月考英语试题含解析，文件包含上海市复旦大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三下学期3月月考英语试题含解析docx、上海市复旦大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三下学期3月月考英语试题无答案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共41页， 欢迎下载使用。
复旦附中2023届高三年级3月份教学质量检测
英语试卷
2023年3月17日
满分：140分 时间：120分钟
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension(25分)
Section A(每题1分，10分)
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. $150. B. $145. C. $140. D. $135.
2. A. Relieved. B. Surprised. C. Furious. D. Indifferent.
3. A. She spent hours completing the test papers.
B. She worked on her paper for quite a while.
C. She watched the movie with her brother.
D. She assured him that the paper was finished.
4. A. Buy some food for Gary’s family. B. Invite Gary’s family to the outing.
C. Share the expense of the picnic food. D. Bring some food to the outing.
5. A. Listen to the weather report.
B. Decide whether to cancel the trip.
C. Schedule the trip for a later date.
D. Ask other students for their opinion about the trip.
6. A. Her being religiously discriminated at work.
B. Her opinion being neglected by her colleagues.
C. Becoming unable to speak when working.
D. Her efforts being denied by her colleagues.
7. A. He talked with his friend happily at home.
B. He watched the football game on TV with his friend.
C. He and his friend went to visit their college.
D. He went to watch the World Cup with his friend.
8. A. It has resulted in heavy casualties.
B. There are lots of natural disasters in Indonesia.
C. No tourist died in the tsunami.
D. It was caused by careless tourists.
9. A. He will definitely go.
B. He may not go since he is occupied.
C. He is not interested at all.
D. He will not regret missing a chance like that.
10. A. They often quarrel with each other.
B. They both show interest in cutting cloth.
C. Her roommate’s strange personality affects her life.
D. She gets along well with her roommate.
Section B(每题1.5分，共15分)
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. They play frisbee on the playground.
B. Nearly 4 in 10 of them are enrolled part-time.
C. They have four years of pizza-fueled study sessions.
D. Fresh-faced 18-year-olds live in dorms and walk to class every day.
12. A. For fun. B. For money.
C. For experience. D. For communication.
13. A. Because Missy is a workaholic.
B. Because Missy’s husband forces her to work.
C. Because Missy’s husband has no job for a long time.
D. Because Missy and her husband can’t afford to pay for childcare.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. To draw audience’s interest through contrast.
B. To persuade the audience to make mistakes on the way to success.
C. To demonstrate making mistakes is irrelevant to achieving success.
D. To encourage students majoring in science to stick to scientific exploration.
15. A. It features a weak adhesive(黏合剂).
B. It enjoyed much popularity after it was invented.
C. The inspiration occurred when Silver was sleeping.
D. It was created because Silver wanted to develop a weak glue.
16. A. Making mistakes guarantees success.
B. Avoiding mistakes helps people to be successful.
C. Making big and expensive mistakes is essential in career.
D Making mistakes is meaningless unless people learn from it.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Canada is bound to be the wealthiest country worldwide.
B. Canada has regained its previous glory since centuries ago.
C. Canada will be a major economic power by the mid-21st century.
D. Canada will face challenges which are unprecedented in its history.
18. A. The lack of proper urban planning.
B. The gap between the rich and the poor.
C. The shortage of opportunities for talents.
D. The inadequate supply of electricity.
19. A. They attach much importance to education.
B. They are able to grasp growth opportunities.
C. They are good at learning from other countries.
D. They have taken advantage of hi-tech personnel.
20. A. Indifferent. B. Pessimistic. C. Sarcastic. D. Optimistic.
Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Living a Life Full of Wild Adventures
Helen Skelton was brought up on a remote farm, and her family wasn't full of "runners and rock climbers". However, she has since travelled the world on ____1____ series of record breaking adventures. The former Blue Peter presenter has kayaked（划皮划艇）down the Amazon River, cycled to the South Pole and done a tightrope walk between the chimneys of Batter-sea Power Station in London. Now, Skelton ____2____ (share) the secrets of her success in a new book called Wild Girl: How to Have Incredible Outdoor Adventures.
____3____ she's got plenty of stamps in her passport, Skelton says you don't need to go to the Amazon or Antarctica in order to have an adventure - there's plenty to do here in the UK. She grew up in Cumbria, and would go bike-riding and skateboarding with her mum, as well as building rafts. She hopes to pass on these adventures to her own children.
Despite the title, Skelton says that the book isn't just for girls. She believes adventure is a leveller - an activity ____4____ men and women are equal. Adventures ____5____ also be educational. Skelton says when you're at the mercy of the elements you have to adapt and be flexible, which is a great lesson for life.
Of all the places she ____6____ (be) to, Skelton says the South Pole was particularly hard. "It's like living in a freezer. It's the windiest, driest, coldest place on Earth." Skelton explains, "You can't even put up your tent, which is your only shelter, ____7____ putting on huge gloves, otherwise you'll get a frostbite. ____8____ (put) up a tent in oven gloves isn't easy."
Her advice to any aspiring adventurers would be to "not worry about ____9____ comments other people might make. When I said I'm going to kayak the Amazon, people told me that's madness. And, if I had listened to them, I never would have done _____10_____ of it. So just try."
【答案】1. a 2. is sharing
3. Although/ Though
4. where 5. can
6. had been
7. without 8. Putting
9. what 10. any
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Helen Skelton所写的关于冒险的一本书及她对冒险者的建议。
【1题详解】
考查冠词。根据空后的“series of”可知，此处应填不定冠词a，构成固定短语a series of，意为“一系列”。故填a。
【2题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：现在，Skelton正在一本叫作《Wild Girl: How to Have Incredible Outdoor Adventures》的书中分享她成功的秘密。根据本句的时间状语Now可知，应用现在进行时结构，主语Skelton是第三人称单数，故填is sharing。
【3题详解】
考查连词。前一句意为“她的护照上有很多邮票”，后一句意为“Skelton说你不必为了有一次冒险经历而去亚马逊或者南极”，显然前者是后面的一个“让步”，这里是一个让步状语从句，Although/ Though都是“尽管”的意思，引导一个让步状语从句。故填Although/ Though。
【4题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：她相信冒险是一种平等——一种男性和女性在其中都平等的活动。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词an activity，空处关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。
【5题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：冒险也可以是有教育意义的。分析句子可知，空后是be动词原形，此处应填一个情态动词，can表示“可以”，符合语境。故填can。
【6题详解】
考查时态。句意：在所有她去过的地方，Skelton说南极尤其地艰难。空后“the South Pole was particularly hard”用的是一般过去时，空处动词表示的动作发生在“她说南极尤其艰难”之前，属于过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had been。
【7题详解】
考查介词。句意：不戴上巨大的手套，你甚至不能搭建起帐篷，帐篷是你唯一的遮蔽物。分析句子可知，这里指否定，应用介词without。故填without。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：戴着烤箱手套搭建帐篷不容易。分析句子可知，这里缺少主语，表示一件已知的事或经验，应用动名词形式。故填Putting。
【9题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：她对任何有志向的冒险者的建议是不要担心别人可能作出什么评论。空处引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语，指别人“说的话”，应用what引导。故填what。
【10题详解】
考查代词。句意：如果我听了他们的话，我绝不会做成任何一件事。根据句意及空后的“of it”可知，这里指其中的“任何”一个。故填any。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. stem B. dot C. attributable D. exceeded E. overlook F. exposed
G. drainage H. emerging I. sinking J. access K. established
The Mega-City Environment
Mega-cities suffer from a catalog of environmental ills. A World Health Organization(WHO)/United Nations Environment Program(UNEP)study found that seven of the cities-Mexico City, Beijing, Cairo, Jakarta, Los Angeles, Sao Paulo and Moscow-had three or more pollutants that____11____ the WHO health protection guidelines. All 20 of the cities studied by WHO/UNEP had at least one major pollutant that went beyond____12____ health limits.
According to the World Resources Institute, “Millions of children living in the world’s largest cities, particularly in developing countries, are____13____ to life-threatening air pollution two to eight times above the maximum based on WHO guidelines. Indeed, more than 80 percent of all deaths in developing countries____14____ to air pollution-induced lung infections are among children under five.” In the big Asian mega-cities such as New Delhi, Beijing and Jakarta, approximately 20 to 30 percent of all respiratory diseases____15____ from air pollution.
Almost all of the mega-cities face major fresh water challenges. Johannesburg, South Africa, is forced to draw water from highlands 370 miles away. In Bangkok, saltwater is invading aquifers(地下蓄水层). Mexico City has a serious____16____ problem because of excessive groundwater withdrawal.
More than a billion people, 20 percent of the world’s population, live without regular____17____ to clean running water. While poor people are forced to pay high fees for private water, many cities squander their resources through leakages and illegal____18____. “With the population of cities expected to increase to five billion by 2025,” says Klaus Toepfer, executive director of the UNEP, “the urban demand for water is set to increase rapidly. This means that any solution to the water crisis is closely linked to the governance of cities.“
Mega-city residents, crowded into unsanitary slums, are also subject to serious disease outbreaks. Lima, Peru(with population estimated at 9.4 million by 2015)suffered a cholera outbreak in the late 1990s partly because, as the New York Times reported, ”rural people new to Lima...live in houses without running water and use the outhouses(屋外厕所)that____19____ the hillsides above.“
It’s worth looking at some of these_____20_____ mega-cities in detail, because daily life there is likely to be the pattern for a majority of the world’s population. Most are already experiencing severe environmental problems that will only be worsened by rapid population increases.
【答案】11. D 12. K 13. F 14. C 15. A 16. I 17. J 18. G 19. B 20. H
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。主要讲述了大城市遭受着一系列的环境问题。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：世界卫生组织(WHO)/联合国环境规划署(UNEP)的一项研究发现，其中7个城市——墨西哥城、北京、开罗、雅加达、洛杉矶、圣保罗和莫斯科——有三种或三种以上的污染物超过了世卫组织的健康保护准则。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少谓语动词，所以应填动词，根据后文“All 20 of the cities studied by WHO/UNEP had at least one major pollutant that went beyond 2 health limits.”可知，此处是指“超过世卫组织的健康保护准则”之意，所以D项exceeded意为“超过”符合题意。故选D项。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：卫生组织/环境规划署研究的所有20个城市至少有一种主要污染物超过既定的健康限度。分析句子结构可知，空前是介词，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词，根据句意此处表达“既定的健康限度”之意，所以K项established意为“已确立的”符合题意。故选K项。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：生活在世界各大城市，特别是发展中国家的数百万儿童暴露在威胁生命的空气污染中，空气污染比世卫组织指南规定的最大污染水平高出2至8倍。根据后文“Indeed, more than 80 percent of all deaths in developing countries 4 to air pollution-induced lung infections are among children under five.”可知，儿童是暴露威胁生命的空气污染中，所以F项exposed意为“暴露的”符合句意。故选F项。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：事实上，在发展中国家，由空气污染引起的肺部感染导致的所有死亡中，80%以上是5岁以下的儿童。根据后文“to air pollution-induced lung infections”可知，此处表达“引起的肺部感染”之意，所以C项attributable和空后的to构成固定短语：attributable to意为“归因于”符合题意。故选C项。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：在新德里、北京和雅加达等亚洲大城市，大约20%到30%的呼吸道疾病是由空气污染引起的。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，根据句意可知表达“引起”之意，所以A项stem和空后的from构成固定搭配：stem from意为“源于”符合题意。故选A项。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：由于过度抽取地下水，墨西哥城存在严重的下沉问题。根据后文“because of excessive groundwater withdrawal”可知由于过度抽取地下水，所以它有下沉的危险，所以I项sinking意为“下沉的”符合题意，作定语，修饰名词problem。故选I项。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：超过10亿人（占世界人口的20%）生活在无法定期获得清洁自来水的环境中。根据后文“While poor people are forced to pay high fees for private water”可知，此处表达“无法定期获得清洁自来水”之意，所以J项access和后文的to构成固定搭配：access to意为“接近；有权利使用”符合题意。故选J项。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：虽然穷人被迫为私人用水支付高额费用，但许多城市却因漏水和非法排水而浪费资源。根据前文“many cities squander their resources through leakages”可知空处和空前的leakages并列，意思接近，所以G项drainage意为“排水”符合题意。故选G项。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：秘鲁利马（2015年人口估计为940万）在20世纪90年代末爆发了霍乱，部分原因是，正如《纽约时报》报道的那样，“新来到利马的农村人……住在没有自来水的房子里，使用散布在山坡上的屋外厕所。”分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，根据句意，此处表达“散布在山坡上的屋外厕所”之意，所以B项dot意为“星罗棋布于”符合题意。故选B项。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们有必要仔细研究一下这些新兴的超级城市，因为那里的日常生活很可能是世界上大多数人的生活模式。根据前文主要讲述了秘鲁利马这些新兴的超级城市，所以此处表达“新兴的超级城市”之意，所以H项emerging意为“出现的，新兴的”符合题意。故选H项。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The teenage years of an individual is marked by evaluating one's values,experiencing a shift in outlooks,and a tendency to act rebellious. It can also be a time when someone becomes extremely___21___ to negative influences,and is drawn towards dangerous situations. On the other hand,for parents, the period of their children's adolescence means regularly worrying about their safety and formation as a citizen. Thus, a method of ___22___teenagers' security is needed, and curfews(宵禁)are often seen as such a measure，since they have proved their ___23___the same time, certain peculiarities exist about establishing curfews for children.
The issue of teenage curfews is widely debated in the United States, where this method is still rather ___24___, and in European democracies, where this measure is yet not so widely used .The first and foremost reason for establishing curfews is children's security. ___25___curfews require teenagers under 17 years to stay out of streets starting from 11p.m.or midnight. This is believed to protect them from crimes committed after nightfall,as well as from breaking the law, and there exists serious evidence ___26___this belief. For example, when New Orleans enabled a dusk-til-dawn curfew in 1994, the rates of juvenile crime were reported to fall more than 20 percent.Even more impressive ___27___were recorded in Dallas, which reported a 30-percent decrease in violent juvenile crime,and a 21-percent decrease in the overall rates of crimes committed by young people (The New York Times).
On the other hand, curfews can be seen as a preventive measure that rob young people of their rights,___28___ their freedom. This opinion is ___29___ supported by the fact that curfew violations(违规) and the respective charges are among the most often committed juvenile crimes in the United States. ___30___, there were reports claiming that police arrested more non-white teenagers for curfew violations.All this can cause a teenager to believe they have crossed a psychological line dividing them as criminals; thus,such teenagers may start to see themselves as outlaws, which can ___31___ committing more serious crimes than a curfew offense.
What is important for a parent to remember when establishing a curfew for their children is that a teenager's misjudged view of certain___32___may cause them to misbehave in some other way; this is proved by research conducted by the University of Minnesota, according to which teens tend to protest against what they see as ___33___. Considering this,parents should ___34___the authoritarian style of establishing curfews; instead, they should have a conversation with their teenager that would be aimed at finding ideal conditions for a curfew that would ___35___both sides.
21. A. opposed B. subjected C. related D. restricted
22. A. improving B. restoring C. ensuring D. expanding
23. A. principle B. reference C. approach D. efficiency
24. A. popular B. absent C. practical D. accessible
25. A. Typical B. Evident C. Critical D. Specific
26. A. in place of B. in honor of C. in case of D. in favor of
27. A. results B. events C. patterns D. links
28. A. protecting B. acknowledging C. limiting D. liberating
29. A. officially B. logically C. particularly D. physically
30. A. By contrast B. In addition C. In conclusion D. In general
31. A. take charge of B. contribute to C. result from D. deal with
32. A. rules B. charges C. crimes D. relations
33. A. impolite B. unrealistic C. inadequate D. unfair
34. A. adopt B. allow C. avoid D. address
35 A. satisfy B. spare C. surround D. settle
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。为了确保青少年的安全，国家对他们实行了宵禁。宵禁降低了青少年的犯罪率，非常有效，但在一定程度上限制了青少年的自由和权利。本文对宵禁这一举措的优点和缺点进行了论述。
【21题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：它也可能是这样一段时间，在这段时间一个人变得非常容易受负面影响，并被危险的情况所吸引。A. opposed反对；B. subjected受控制，受影响；C. related联系；D. restricted 受限制。根据后面的“and is drawn towards dangerous situations（被危险的情况所吸引）”可知，被危险的情况所吸引，自然易受消极的负面的事物所影响。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：因此，需要一种确保青少年安全的方法，宵禁常常被视为这样一种措施，因为宵禁证明了其有效性。A. improving提高，改善；B. restoring恢复；C. ensuring确保；D. expanding扩大。根据上句“for parents, the period of their children's adolescence means regularly worrying about their safety and formation as a citizen.” 可知，对于父母来说，孩子的青春期意味着要经常担心他们作为一个公民的安全。那么宵禁就是确保（ensure）他们的安全的一种措施。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：因此，需要一种确保青少年安全的方法，宵禁常常被视为这样一种安全措施，因为宵禁证明了其有效性。A. principle原则；B. reference参与；C. approach方法；D. efficiency效率。下文主要叙述了在美国对青少年宵禁相当普遍并卓有成效的例子。可知，宵禁是有效的。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：对青少年宵禁的问题在美国广受争议，这种方法在美国仍然相当流行，而在欧洲民主国家，这一措施尚未得到如此广泛的应用。A. popular流行的，受欢迎的；B. absent缺席的；C. practical实用的；D. accessible可得到的。根据空前的“The issue of teenage curfews is widely debated in the United States”青少年宵禁问题在美国广受争议，以及后面的“ this method is still rather __4__” 中的转折副词still，表示与前面的句意相反，可知这种方法虽然备受争议，但在美国仍然相当流行。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：典型的宵禁要求17岁以下的青少年从晚上11点开始不要上街。A. Typical典型的，有代表性的；B. Evident明显的；C. Critical批评的；D. Specific具体的。根据后面的举例，宵禁的时间及针对的人群可知，这种宵禁非常典型。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：这被认为可以保护他们免受夜幕降临后的罪行，以及违法行为的侵害，而且有确凿的证据支持这一观点。A. in place of代替；B. in honor of纪念；C. in case of以防；D. in favor of 支持。下文举例说明这种宵禁使青少年犯罪率下降了，可知，这些都能支持（in favor of）这一种措施的可行性。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：达拉斯的结果更令人印象深刻，(纽约时报)报告称青少年暴力犯罪率下降了30%，青少年犯罪总犯罪率下降了21%。A. results结果；B. events 事件；C. patterns模式；D. links链接。犯罪率的下降就是这种措施的结果（results）。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：另一方面，宵禁可被视为剥夺年轻人的权利，限制他们的自由的一种预防措施。A. protecting保护；B. acknowledging承认；C. limiting限制；D. liberating解放。根据宵禁期间，青少年在晚上11点后不准上街，可知，宵禁限制（limit）了他们的自由。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：这一观点尤其得到以下事实的支持：违反宵禁和相关指控是美国青少年最常犯下的犯罪之一。A. officially官方地；B. logically逻辑地；C. particularly尤其；D. physically身体上。根据“that curfew violations(违规) and the respective charges are among the most often committed juvenile crimes in the United States.”可知这一观点尤其得到以下事实的支持。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：此外，有报道称警方因宵禁逮捕了更多违反规定的非白人青少年。A. By contrast相比；B. In addition此外；C. In conclusion总之；D. In general一般地。上文说了宵禁限制了青少年的自由，后面又举一例，可知，空格处要用此外（In addition）。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：所有这些都会使青少年认为他们已经越过了将自己划分为罪犯的心理防线；因此，这些青少年可能开始将自己视为不法分子，这可能会导致犯下比宵禁罪更严重的罪行。A. take charge of 负责；B. contribute to促使，有助于；C. result from 由于；D. deal with处理。分析前后两句的内容，可知青少年认为自己是不法分子，这会促使（contribute to）他们犯下更重的罪行。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：在为孩子制定宵禁令时，父母要记住的一点是，青少年对某些规定的错误判断可能会导致他们在其他方面的不当行为。A. rules规定；B. charges费用；C. crimes犯罪；D. relations关系。宵禁令是一种规定（rule）。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：由明尼苏达大学进行的研究证明这一点，根据该研究，青少年倾向于抗议他们认为不公平的事情。A. impolite不礼貌的；B. unrealistic不现实的；C. inadequate不足的；D. unfair不公平的。根据“protest against(抗议)”可知，青少年认为这是不公平的的事，会进行抗议。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：因此，家长应该避免制定宵禁的专制风格；相反，应该与他们的青少年进行对话，旨在为宵禁寻找理想的条件，让双方都满意。A. adopt采纳，收养；B. allow允许；C. avoid避免；D. address解决。上文说青少年在认为某事对自己不公平时会抗议。以及“have a conversation with their teenager that would be aimed at finding ideal conditions”可知，要与青少年进行一次旨在找到理想条件的谈话，家长要避免（avoid）专制。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：因此，家长应该避免制定宵禁的专制风格;相反，应该与他们的青少年进行对话，旨在为宵禁寻找理想的条件，让双方都满意。A. satisfy满足；B. spare留出，抽出；C. surround包围；D. settle解决。上文说要与青少年对话，不能专制，目的就是让双方满意（satisfy）。故选A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
E-cigarettes Ban:Good news for Tobacco?
The proposed ban on flavored e-cigarettes may drive many Americans back to cigarettes,said Christopher Palmeri and Jeff Green in the Los Ange Times.
Responding to an outbreak of hundreds of serious lung illnesses from vapes(电子烟)that killed a seventh person this week, FDA(食物药品监管局)will outlaw everything but tobacco-flavored-cigarettes, as Michigan and New York state recently did. Flavors like buttered popcorn and mango helped create "an explosion" in teen vaping. But hundreds of thousands of teens already addicted to nicotine-and 9 million adults who vape--may simply replace vaping with tobacco products. By banning favored vapes the government may be "closing the shed door after the horse has gotten out."
Nobody vapes "because the flavor is so amazing," said David Marcus in The Federalist com. That's why the ban is so clueless."If kids want to taste bubble gum,they can buy,you know,bubble gum." Vaping giants like Juul need to be honest about the fact that they’re in the nicotine business, and monitor themselves accordingly. They should spend billions ensuring that stores don’t sell to minors instead of touting the "scientific conclusion"that e-cigarettes are safer than smoking. The burning involved in smoking cigarettes creates tar and a bunch of chemicals not present in e-cigarettes' watery vapor. True, but nicotine is also a dangerous and addictive drug and vaping liquid itself contains chemicals that damage blood vessels(血管)."The idea of safe smoking" is"a lie," and the vaping industry's fruit- and candy-flavored pods" are proof of evil intent."
"The massive increase in teen vapers" is a reasonable concern, said Robert Gebelhoff in Washington Post.com.But the evidence suggests that the lung illnesses that led the government to act were caused by black-market products cut with dangerous substance.Banning favored vapes will only drive more nicotine addicts and teens to the black market,which will be happy to provide fruity pods. Instead of banning flavors, the government "should empower the FDA to fully regulate the industry." That would let science,"not panic,guide our policy."
36. What led to the proposed ban on e-cigarettes?
A. Popular flavors like mango led to teen nicotine addiction.
B. The lack of proper legal supervision in the vaping industry.
C. An increased number of deaths resulting from lung diseases.
D. The sharp increase in the sale of unhealthy tobacco products.
37. What might happen if the ban takes effect?
A. FDA would regulate the tobacco industry more effectively.
B. The vaping industry would be more strictly monitored.
C. The evil intent of the vaping industry would be revealed.
D. The tobacco industry might regain its previous glory.
38. The underlined word "touting"probably means________.
A. Promoting B. challenging C. assuming D. tolerating
39. What is the writer's attitude towards vape ban?
A. Supportive. B. Disapproving C. Uninterested D. Impartial.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. A 39. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国发布加香型电子烟禁令的原因以及对吸电子烟的人尤其是青少年以及电子烟行业和香烟行业的影响，同时作者也表达了自己对禁令和电子烟的看法。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Responding to an outbreak of hundreds of serious lung illnesses from vapes(电子烟)that killed a seventh person this week, FDA(食物药品监管局)will outlaw everything but tobacco-flavored-cigarettes...(由于电子烟造成的严重的肺病爆发，这个周内造成了7人死亡，作为回应，FDA宣布除了烟草味的烟，其余的烟都是不合法的)”由此可知，就是因为由于电子烟造成的死于肺病的人的增加，才有了对电子烟的禁令，故选C。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“The proposed ban on flavored e-cigarettes may drive many Americans back to cigarettes(对有香味电子烟的禁令可能使美国人开始吸香烟)”以及根据第二段中“But hundreds of thousands of teens already addicted to nicotine-and 9 million adults who vape--may simply replace vaping with tobacco products.(但是成千上万对尼古丁上瘾的青少年以及900万吸电子烟的成年人只会用烟草产品取代电子烟。)”由此可知，如果对电子烟的禁令生效，那么这些人会用烟草产品，那么烟草工业会更兴盛，烟草业可能会重拾昔日的辉煌，故选D。
【38题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“Vaping giants like Juul need to be honest about the fact that they’re in the nicotine business, and monitor themselves accordingly. They should spend billions ensuring that stores don’t sell to minors instead of touting the "scientific conclusion"that e-cigarettes are safer than smoking.(像Juul这样的电子烟大企业要知道他们也是尼古丁产业，也要依照禁令监督自己。他们应该花钱来确保商店不向未成年人出售电子烟，而不是tout电子烟比吸烟更安全这个“科学论断”。)”结合选项，可知，作为电子烟企业，在没有禁令之前，在宣传自己产品时，会“推销”电子烟比吸烟更安全这个“科学论断”，“touting”意思是推销，故选A。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“By banning favored vapes the government may be "closing the shed door after the horse has gotten out."(禁止香味电子烟，政府就像“马出来后关上棚门”)”可知作者认为这个禁令没有意义。再结合第三段中“Nobody vapes "because the flavor is so amazing," said David Marcus in The Federalist com.That's why the ban is so clueless( David Marcus在The Federalist网站上说，没有人吸电子烟是因为它不错的味道。这是禁令毫无根据的原因。)”可知作者认为禁令毫无根据。以及最后一段中“Instead of banning flavors, the government "should empower the FDA to fully regulate the industry.(与其禁止带香味的电子烟，政府不如授权给FDA来全面地规范这个行业。)”综合可推断作者对禁令是不赞同的态度，故选B。
(B)
Also of interest...in family dramas
The Travelers
by Regina Porter (Hogarth, $27)
Though Regina Porter’s formally daring first novel “can feel too much like a jigsaw puzzle,” it achieves a “simply stunning” level of complexity, said Meng Jin in the San Fracisco Chronicle. As the first-time novelist tells the stories of two Georgia families — one black, one white — she weaves together events from 1946 to 2010 while deftly shifting between play-like dialogue, straight narrative, and various other modes. Not one character is a mere extra, and the impressive result “looks very much like life.”
Ask Again, Yes
by Mary Beth Keane (Scribner, $27)
Mary Beth Keane’s new novel is “one of the most unpretentiously profound books I’ve read in a long time,” said Maureen Corrigan in NPR.org. In 1973 New York City, two rookie cops forge a friendship that shapes the lives of the Irish-American families they raise side by side in a nearby suburb. Because each chapter is told from a new perspective, we come to know almost every member of those families, and Keane “beautifully dramatizes” how lives are built on a series of happenstances, including tragic ones.
Native Country of the Heart
by Cherrie Moraga (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, $26)
“This memoir’s beauty is in its fierce intimacy,” said Roy Hoffman in The News York Times. Playwright Cherrie Moraga makes her mother the heroine of the book, bringing the late immigrant’s story to life “with a poet’s verve.” Mexican-born Elvira Moraga, who picked cotton in California at 11, sold cigarettes in Tijuana at 14, and never learned to read, became the heart and soul of a large extended family. Here, she’s a character too resonant to be merely emblematic.
The Edge of Every Day
by Marin Sardy (Pantheon, $26)
Mental illness leaves no one in a family untouched, said Alison Van Houten in Outside. In a book whose nonlinear structure “mimics the erratic nature of schizophrenia,” essayist Marin Sardy bringing the describes how the disorder struck her mother and a brother, scrambling life for all the children. Her mother’s paranoid delusions disrupted their schooling; years later, Sardy’s brother, after refusing help, committed suicide. “How does one lead any semblance of a normal life under such circumstances?” Sardy shows us how.
Note:
1. resonant: 共振的，共鸣的 2. emblematic: 象征的，典型的
3. nonlinear: 非线性的 4.schizophrenia: 精神分裂症
40. Which book touches upon a personal family tragedy?
A. The Travelers. B. Ask Again, Yes.
C. Native Country of the Heart. D. The Edge of Every Day.
41. Which of the following about each book is TRUE?
A. The Travelers tells a straightforward story about two Georgia families.
B. The thread running through Ask Again,Yes is Irish way of life.
C. Native Country of the Heart was written in memory of Elvira Moraga.
D. The Edge of Every Day describes one’s struggle against mental diseases.
42. What do the four books have in common?
A. They were published by the same publishing house.
B. They belong to he same type of literary works.
C. The stories were ll set in the last century.
D. They represented the peak level of each writer.
【答案】40. C 41. B 42. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍的是让人感兴趣的家庭戏剧。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章小标题“Native Country of the Heart”下的“Mexican-born Elvira Moraga, who picked cotton in California at 11, sold cigarettes in Tijuana at 14, and never learned to read, became the heart and soul of a large extended family. Here, she’s a character too resonant to be merely emblematic.”可知，埃尔维拉·莫拉加出生于墨西哥，11岁时在加利福尼亚摘棉花，14岁时在提华纳卖香烟，从未学会阅读，却成为了一个大家庭的核心和灵魂。在这里，她是一个太有共鸣的角色，而不仅仅是象征性的。由此可知，这本书涉及到一个个人的家庭悲剧。故选C。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章小标题“Ask Again, Yes”下的“In 1973 New York City, two rookie cops forge a friendship that shapes the lives of the Irish-American families they raise side by side in a nearby suburb. Because each chapter is told from a new perspective, we come to know almost every member of those families”可知，1973年的纽约，两个新警察在附近的郊区建立了友谊，这友谊塑造了他们共同抚养的爱尔兰裔美国家庭的生活。因为每一章都是从一个新的视角讲述的，所以我们几乎了解了这些家庭的每一个成员。由此可知，Ask Again, Yes描述的是爱尔兰人的生活方式。故选B。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章的题目“Also of interest…in family dramas”可知，文章主要介绍的书都是家庭剧，即它们属于同一类型的文学作品。故选B。
(C)
More than a score of Australian rare mammals have been killed by wild cats. These predators, which arrived with European settlers, still threaten native wildlife — and are too plentiful on the mainland to eliminate, as has been achieved on some small islands which were previously filled with them. But Alexandra Ross of the University of New South Wales thinks she has come up with a different way to deal with the problem. As she writes in a paper in the Journal of Applied Ecology, she is giving feline (猫科的) — awareness lessons to wild animals involved in re-introduction programs, in order to try to make them cat-conscious.
Many Australian mammals, though not actually extinct, are restricted to fragments of cat-free habitat. This will, however, put the forced migrants back in the sights of the cats that caused the problem in the first place. Training the migrants while they are in captivity, using stuffed models and the sorts of sounds made by cats, has proved expensive and ineffective. Ms Ross therefore wondered whether putting them in large natural enclosures with a scattering of predators might serve as a form of training camp to prepare them for introduction into their new, cat-ridden homes.
She tested this idea on a type of bandicoot (袋狸) that superficially resembles a rabbit. She and her colleagues raised two hundred bandicoots in a huge enclosure that also contained five wild cats. As a control, she raised a nearly identical population in a similar enclosure without the cats. She left the animals to get on with life for two years, which, given that bandicoots breed four times a year and live for around eight years, was a considerable period for them. After some predation (扑食) and probably some learning, she abstracted 21 bandicoots from each enclosure, attached radio transmitters to them and released them into a third enclosure that had ten hungry cats in it. She then monitored what happened next. The outcome was that the training worked. Over the subsequent 40 days, ten of the untrained animals were eaten by cats, but only four of the trained ones. One particular behavioral difference she noticed was that bandicoots brought up in a predator-free environment were much more likely to sleep alone than were those brought up around cats. And when cats are around, sleeping alone is dangerous. How well bandicoots that have undergone this extreme training will survive in the wild remains to be seen. But Ms Ross has at least provided reason for hope.
43. What can be learned from the first paragraph?
A. The feline-awareness lessons have proved ineffective.
B. There are too many wild cats to be killed in Australia.
C. Different ways have been tried to hunt and kill wildlife.
D. Native wildlife has been threatened by a growing population of wild cats.
44. The forced migrants in the second paragraph refer to ________.
A. Australian mammals restricted to certain areas
B. The wild cats tracking down the mammals
C. Wild animals involved in the program
D. The predators captured by the animal trainers
45. Which of the following is TRUE about the first two enclosures?
A. They were both closely monitored. B. They had 200 bandicoots in total.
C. They had similar natural environment. D. They both had wild cats in them.
46. What was the finding of Ms Ross’ research project?
A. Untrained bandicoots failed to identify cats.
B. Training bandicoots prepared them to fight cats.
C. Sleeping alone in the wild was dangerous.
D. Bandicoots could be trained to avoid predators.
【答案】43. B 44. A 45. C 46. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了二十多种澳大利亚哺乳动物已经被野猫灭绝了，并且，野猫还在威胁着当地哺乳动物的生命。新南威尔士大学的Alexandra Ross经过试验发现，哺乳动物可以通过接受训练来躲避捕食者。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“More than a score of Australian rare mammals have been killed by wild cats. These predators, which arrived with European settlers, still threaten native wildlife — and are too plentiful on the mainland to eliminate, as has been achieved on some small islands which were previously filled with them. (超过20种澳大利亚稀有哺乳动物被野猫杀死。这些随着欧洲殖民者而来的捕食者，仍然威胁着当地的野生动物——而且在大陆上数量太多，无法消灭，就像在一些以前充满了它们的小岛屿上一样)”可知，超过二十种澳大利亚稀有哺乳动物被野猫杀死，并且这些野猫仍然威胁着当地的野生动物，它们数量太多，杀之不尽。故选B项。
【44题详解】
短语猜测题。根据第二段第一、二句“Many Australian mammals, though not actually extinct, are restricted to fragments of cat-free habitat. This will, however, put the forced migrants back in the sights of the cats that caused the problem in the first place. (许多澳大利亚哺乳动物虽然还没有灭绝，但被限制在没有猫的栖息地内。然而，这将使这些forced migrants 重新回到猫科动物的视线中，这些猫科动物最初造成了这个问题)”可知，forced migrants指的是第一句中所说的一些澳大利亚哺乳动物，它们虽然没有灭绝、但是被限制在没有猫的栖息地；由此可知，划线词forced migrants指的是被限制在无猫地区的澳大利亚哺乳动物。故选A项。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“She and her colleagues raised two hundred bandicoots in a huge enclosure that also contained five wild cats. As a control, she raised a nearly identical population in a similar enclosure without the cats.(她和她的同事在一个巨大的围栏里养了200只袋狸，里面还有5只野猫。作为对照，她在一个类似的圈地里饲养了几乎相同的种群，但没有猫)”可知，作为对照，第二个围栏和第一个围栏有相似的自然环境，只是里面没有野猫。因此，前两个围栏有相似的自然环境。故选C项。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The outcome was that the training worked. Over the subsequent 40days, ten of the untrained animals were eaten by cats, but only four of the trained ones. One particular behavioral difference she noticed was that bandicoots brought up in a predator-free environment were much more likely to sleep alone than were those brought up around cats. And when cats are around, sleeping alone is dangerous.(结果是训练奏效了。在接下来的40天里，10只未经训练的动物被猫吃掉，但只有4只经过训练的动物被猫吃掉。她注意到的一个特别的行为差异是，在没有捕食者的环境中长大的袋狸比在有猫的环境中长大的袋狸更有可能独自睡觉。当有猫在的时候，独自睡觉是很危险的)”可知，实验发现，与没有经过训练的袋狸比起来，训练过的袋狸更有可能躲避被夜猫吃掉，由此可知，袋狸可以被训练避开捕食者。故选D项。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The Secret Garden-A Classical Novel about Hope and Redemption
The Secret Garden is a popular work of children's literature.The novel is set in theearly1900s! The main character is Mary Lennox, a 10-year-old British girl. ___47___Mary is then sent to live with her wealthy uncle Archibald Craven, who owns a large estate in the countryside. At first, Mary is bored by the people she meets as well as the slow pace of rural life. One day, a maid tells Mary about a hidden garden that Mrs.Craven kept before her death.The tale of Mrs. Craven's secret enclosure awakens Mary's curiosity. She makes it her mission to find out more about the mysterious garden.
While exploring the property, she sees a robin resting on a mound of dirt. Mary digs through the soil and finds the key to the locked garden door. ___48___ She decides to do whatever it takes to bring the secret garden back to life.
Meanwhile, Mary starts to hear haunting cries on the estate at night. One evening, she follows the sounds and discovers Mr. Craven’s son, Colin. Mary learns that Colin is ill and can’t walk.___49___
Mr. Craven ordered his servants to care for Colin but would never visit because his son reminded him of his wife.
Mary and Colin become good friends. Mary convinces Coin that he can use his mind to overcome his illness. ___50___ There, they meet Ben Weather-staff, one of Mr. Craven’s servants. They all decide to work together to restore the area. When their work is finished, they plan a surprise for Mr. Craven. He arrives at the garden and finds the flowers in bloom, just like they were when his wife was alive. More importantly, he’s overjoyed to lean that Colin has become a healthy boy. Their relationship is repaired, and they look forward to a brighter future.
A. Once a year, Ben visits the garden to honor Mrs. Craven's memory.
B. Her life is turned upside down when her parents suddenly die from a terrible disease.
C. Due to his poor health, doctors predicted he would die an early death.
D. At the start of the novel, many characters are suffering and going through hard times.
E. One day, she puts him in a wheelchair and takes him to the secret garden.
F. Inside, she finds that many of the forgotten plants are almost dead.
【答案】47. B 48. F 49. C 50. E
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇小说。文章介绍了《秘密花园》这部儿童作品的主要内容。
【47题详解】
根据下一句“Mary is then sent to live with her wealthy uncle Archibald Craven, who owns a large estate in the countryside.(玛丽随后被送到她富有的叔叔阿奇博尔德·克雷文那里生活，他在乡下拥有一大片地产。)”可知，该空应该陈述玛丽家庭的变故。这个变故导致玛丽被送到叔叔家去生活。结合选项，B选项（当她的父母突然死于一种可怕的疾病时，她的生活发生了翻天覆地的变化。）符合语境。故选B。
【48题详解】
根据上一句“Mary digs through the soil and finds the key to the locked garden door.（玛丽在土里挖了挖，找到了锁着的花园门的钥匙。）”可以推知，该空应该提到她在花园里看到的情景。根据下一句“She decides to do whatever it takes to bring the secret garden back to life (她决定不惜一切代价让秘密花园复活。)”可知，该句应提到秘密花园处于荒废状态。结合选项，F选项（在里面，她发现许多被遗忘的植物几乎都死了。）符合语境。故选F。
【49题详解】
根据前一句“Mary learns that Colin is ill and can’t walk.( 玛丽得知科林病了，不能走路)”可知，该空承接上文，应该继续陈述关于科林的情况。结合选项，C选项（由于他的健康状况不佳，医生预测他会英年早逝。）符合语境，故选C。
【50题详解】
根据前一句“Mary convinces Coin that he can use his mind to overcome his illness.( 玛丽使科林相信他可以用自己的头脑来克服疾病。)”可知，下文应该介绍玛丽如何帮助科林战胜疾病。根据后一句“There, they meet Ben Weather-staff, one of Mr. Craven’s servants.( 在那儿，他们遇到了本·威瑟斯塔夫，克莱文先生的一个仆人。)”可知，该空应该提到一个地点。结合选项，E选项（一天，她把他放在轮椅上，带他去秘密花园。）符合语境，故选E。
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Long Journey
The majority of the world’s clothes, bags and shoes are manufactured in Asia. But the region’s brands have made little headway in the West. Of the ten most valuable global apparel (服装) labels ranked by Millward Brown, a market-research firm, only Uniqlo is Asian. Li-Ning, one of China’s best-selling sportswear brands, tried to enter America in 2010. It opened a flagship store in Portland, Oregon and later launched an English-language online store. Both failed.
What makes the journey so hard? Adjusting to Western tastes takes time. Although Uniqlo became the largest Japanese apparel brand by selling US-style clothing, it still encountered cultural barriers in America itself. For example, vests (背心) are one of Uniqlo’s most popular products at home, but relatively few Americans and Europeans wear an additional layer beneath their shirts, says Dairo Murata, an analyst at JPMorgan Chase, a bank. It was only two years ago the firm also realized that XL was not big enough in America; it now duly provides XXXL.
Another problem, at least outside the big cities, is price. Uniqlo takes pride in the use of high-tech, comfortable fabrics (布料)，an attempt to differentiate itself from other basic clothing brands like Gap and Old Navy. But at Danbury Fair, a Connecticut shopping mall that is a barometer for retail trends in the suburbs, people prefer Primark, a super-cheap Irish retailer (零售商) which recently opened, to Uniqlo, which shut up shop in June. Mall visitors are conservative about fashion and about spending, explains F.K. Grunert, its manager.
What still seems to work better is concentrating on urban centres, even though that means a smaller potential market. This month Uniqlo opened a stand-alone store in Manhattan’s Soho; such shops tend to do well. In 2002 it had 21 stores in Britain, dotted around the north-west, Midlands and south-east; now eight of the ten it still has are in London.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 It’s hard for Asia’s fashion brands to appeal to Western customers. But why? They don’t know western tastes and culture very well so they need time to make adjustments. High price is another reason because suburban customers care more about price than fashion. So it may be a wise choice for Asian brands to open their shops in urban centres.
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述亚洲的衣服品牌进入西方国家的市场的道路很坎坷。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①The majority of the world’s clothes, bags and shoes are manufactured in Asia. But the region’s brands have made little headway in the West.
②What makes the journey so hard?
③Adjusting to Western tastes takes time. Although Uniqlo became the largest Japanese apparel brand by selling US-style clothing, it still encountered cultural barriers in America itself.
④Another problem, at least outside the big cities, is price.
⑤But at Danbury Fair, a Connecticut shopping mall that is a barometer for retail trends in the suburbs, people prefer Primark, a super-cheap Irish retailer (零售商) which recently opened, to Uniqlo, which shut up shop in June. Mall visitors are conservative about fashion and about spending, explains F.K. Grunert, its manager.
⑥What still seems to work better is concentrating on urban centres, even though that means a smaller potential market.
2.缜密构思
将第1，2，3，6四个要点进行重组，将第4，5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
It’s hard for Asia’s fashion brands to appeal to Western customers.
But why?
They don’t know western tastes and culture very well so they need time to make adjustments.
High price is another reason because suburban customers care more about price than fashion
So it may be a wise choice for Asian brands to open their shops in urban centres.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Although Uniqlo became the largest Japanese apparel brand by selling US-style clothing, it still encountered cultural barriers in America itself.（运用一个主从复合句体现了优衣库在美国遇到了文化冲击。其中Although引导的让步状语从句表达高级）
【高分句型2】But at Danbury Fair, a Connecticut shopping mall that is a barometer for retail trends in the suburbs, people prefer Primark, a super-cheap Irish retailer (零售商) which recently opened, to Uniqlo, which shut up shop in June.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句体现了美国郊区人的消费趋势。其中which引导的非限制性定语从句表达高级）
【高分句型3】What still seems to work better is concentrating on urban centres, even though that means a smaller potential market.（运用一个复杂主从复合句体现了在美国的潜在市场。其中What引导的主语从句和even though引导的让步状语从句表达高级）
Ⅴ. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 因缺少资金，公众直到最近才得以进入这个商业中心。(accessible) （汉译英）
【答案】Lack of funds, the commercial center was not accessible to public until recently.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。表示“缺少资金”应用lack of funds；表示“商业中心”短语为the commercial center；表示“进入”短语为be accessible to；表示“直到”应用not…until…；为一般过去时。故翻译为Lack of funds, the commercial center was not accessible to public until recently.
53. 实现梦想之前，一个人要经历一段时间的艰难，这是常有的事。(That) （汉译英）
【答案】That a person experienced a period of hardship before realizing their dreams is common.
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。根据题干要求，需要用到That，所以本句应该用主语从句，从句中主语是“一个人”译为“a person”，谓语是“经历”，根据句意应该用一般过去时，译为“experienced”，“一段时间的艰难”作宾语译为“a period of hardship”，“实现梦想之前”作状语，译为“before realizing their dreams”，主句的谓语是be动，应该用is，“常有的事”作表语译为“common”。故译为：That a person experienced a period of hardship before realizing their dreams is common.
54. 传统中医安全可靠，最早可追溯到三千多年前，是中国古代人民的智慧结晶。(represent) （汉译英）
【答案】Traditional Chinese medicine is safe and reliable, which can date back to more than 3,000 years ago, and it represents the wisdom of ancient Chinese people.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词、时态、短语和非限制性定语从句。“传统中医”用名词短语traditional Chinese medicine，在句中作主语；“安全”用形容词safe表达，“可靠”用形容词reliable表达，在句中作表语；“追溯到”用动词短语date back to表达，“最早可追溯到三千多年前”表达为date back to more than 3,000 years ago；“是”用动词represent表达；“中国古代人民”用名词短语ancient Chinese people表达；“中国古代人民的智慧结晶”表达为the wisdom of ancient Chinese people；根据句意可知此句阐述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；“最早可追溯到三千多年前”可以用which引导的非限制性定语从句表达，which指代traditional Chinese medicine在从句中作主语；故此句可翻译为：Traditional Chinese medicine is safe and reliable, which can date back to more than 3,000 years ago, and it represents the wisdom of ancient Chinese people.
55. 今年的春晚(The Spring Festival Gala)好戏连台，有悦耳动听的歌曲，美轮美奂的舞蹈，还有风趣幽默的相声，观众们在喜庆的气氛中辞旧迎新。(so that) （汉译英）
【答案】This year’s Spring Festival Gala featured many good performances, including melodious songs, beautiful dances, and witty and humorous cross talk so that audience said goodbye to the old and welcomed the new in a festive atmosphere.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和结果状语从句。句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。根据题干要求需用so that，所以硬干翻译为so that引导的结果状语从句，主句中，主语是“今年的春晚”译为“This year’s Spring Festival Gala”，谓语和宾语是“好戏连台”译为“featured many good performances”，“有悦耳动听的歌曲，美轮美奂的舞蹈，还有风趣幽默的相声”描述的是performances的具体内容，用介词including+名词的结构，译为“including melodious songs, beautiful dances, and witty and humorous cross talk”，从句中主语是“观众们”译为“audience”，谓语是“辞旧迎新”译为“said goodbye to the old and welcomed the new”，“在喜庆的气氛中”作状语，译为“in a festive atmosphere”。故译为：This year’s Spring Festival Gala featured many good performances, including melodious songs, beautiful dances, and witty and humorous cross talk so that audience said goodbye to the old and welcomed the new in a festive atmosphere.
Ⅵ. Guided Writing(25%)
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below.
假如你是明启中学学生李华，校英文报现进行征文活动，让你谈一谈高中生在未来应该着重学习培养哪些方面知识或技能，与ChatGPT形成差异化竞争，并说明理由。
(相关背景知识：ChatGPT作为一款大型语言模型，可以与人类进行自然而流畅的交互，回答各种问题、提供建议，同时还能生成文本、摘要，具备翻译和写作等功能，被誉为未来人工智能的代表。)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 ChatGPT has recently become a hot topic on the Internet. Its excellent performance is hailed as a representative of the future of artificial intelligence. So, as a senior high school student, what kind of knowledge or skills should we focus on in the future so as to form a differentiated competition with ChatGPT?
First, I think we should learn math and physics well. That’s because AI can do a lot better than humans in computing, but it can’t do anything like that when it comes to pioneering problems, and math and physics really need pioneering thinking. Secondly, we should have the ability of independent learning. In the future world, science and technology will develop faster and faster. Only through independent learning can we keep up with the pace of The Times.
In the end, I think ChatGPT is going to help us as well as compete with it, so we need to be able to work with AI.
【解析】
【导语】本文是开放性写作。要求考生写一篇关于高中生在未来应该着重学习培养哪些方面的知识或技能，与ChatGPT形成差异化竞争的文章给校英文报。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
优秀的：excellent→wonderful
集中：focus on→pay attention to
首先：first→to begin with
跟上：keep up with→ catch up with
2. 句式拓展
同义句替换
原句：Its excellent performance is hailed as a representative of the future of artificial intelligence.
替换句： Its excellent performance is known as the representative of future artificial intelligence.
【点睛】[高分句型1]. First, I think we should learn math and physics well.(省略that的宾语从句)
[高分句型2]. Only through independent learning can we keep up with the pace of The Times.(only开头的倒装句)
复旦附中2023届高三年级3月份教学质量检测
英语试卷
2023年3月17日
满分：140分 时间：120分钟
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension(25分)
Section A(每题1分，10分)
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. $150. B. $145. C. $140. D. $135.
2. A. Relieved. B. Surprised. C. Furious. D. Indifferent.
3. A. She spent hours completing the test papers.
B. She worked on her paper for quite a while.
C. She watched the movie with her brother.
D. She assured him that the paper was finished.
4. A. Buy some food for Gary’s family. B. Invite Gary’s family to the outing.
C. Share the expense of the picnic food. D. Bring some food to the outing.
5. A. Listen to the weather report.
B. Decide whether to cancel the trip.
C. Schedule the trip for a later date.
D. Ask other students for their opinion about the trip.
6. A. Her being religiously discriminated at work.
B. Her opinion being neglected by her colleagues.
C. Becoming unable to speak when working.
D. Her efforts being denied by her colleagues.
7. A. He talked with his friend happily at home.
B. He watched the football game on TV with his friend.
C. He and his friend went to visit their college.
D. He went to watch the World Cup with his friend.
8. A. It has resulted in heavy casualties.
B. There are lots of natural disasters in Indonesia.
C. No tourist died in the tsunami.
D. It was caused by careless tourists.
9. A. He will definitely go.
B. He may not go since he is occupied.
C. He is not interested at all.
D. He will not regret missing a chance like that.
10. A. They often quarrel with each other.
B. They both show interest in cutting cloth.
C. Her roommate’s strange personality affects her life.
D. She gets along well with her roommate.
Section B(每题1.5分，共15分)
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. They play frisbee on the playground.
B. Nearly 4 in 10 of them are enrolled part-time.
C. They have four years of pizza-fueled study sessions.
D. Fresh-faced 18-year-olds live in dorms and walk to class every day.
12. A. For fun. B. For money.
C. For experience. D. For communication.
13. A. Because Missy is a workaholic.
B. Because Missy’s husband forces her to work.
C. Because Missy’s husband has no job for a long time.
D. Because Missy and her husband can’t afford to pay for childcare.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. To draw audience’s interest through contrast.
B. To persuade the audience to make mistakes on the way to success.
C. To demonstrate making mistakes is irrelevant to achieving success.
D. To encourage students majoring in science to stick to scientific exploration.
15. A. It features a weak adhesive(黏合剂).
B. It enjoyed much popularity after it was invented.
C. The inspiration occurred when Silver was sleeping.
D. It was created because Silver wanted to develop a weak glue.
16. A. Making mistakes guarantees success.
B. Avoiding mistakes helps people to be successful.
C. Making big and expensive mistakes is essential in career.
D Making mistakes is meaningless unless people learn from it.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Canada is bound to be the wealthiest country worldwide.
B. Canada has regained its previous glory since centuries ago.
C. Canada will be a major economic power by the mid-21st century.
D. Canada will face challenges which are unprecedented in its history.
18. A. The lack of proper urban planning.
B. The gap between the rich and the poor.
C. The shortage of opportunities for talents.
D. The inadequate supply of electricity.
19. A. They attach much importance to education.
B. They are able to grasp growth opportunities.
C. They are good at learning from other countries.
D. They have taken advantage of hi-tech personnel.
20. A. Indifferent. B. Pessimistic. C. Sarcastic. D. Optimistic.
Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Living a Life Full of Wild Adventures
Helen Skelton was brought up on a remote farm, and her family wasn't full of "runners and rock climbers". However, she has since travelled the world on ____1____ series of record breaking adventures. The former Blue Peter presenter has kayaked（划皮划艇）down the Amazon River, cycled to the South Pole and done a tightrope walk between the chimneys of Batter-sea Power Station in London. Now, Skelton ____2____ (share) the secrets of her success in a new book called Wild Girl: How to Have Incredible Outdoor Adventures.
____3____ she's got plenty of stamps in her passport, Skelton says you don't need to go to the Amazon or Antarctica in order to have an adventure - there's plenty to do here in the UK. She grew up in Cumbria, and would go bike-riding and skateboarding with her mum, as well as building rafts. She hopes to pass on these adventures to her own children.
Despite the title, Skelton says that the book isn't just for girls. She believes adventure is a leveller - an activity ____4____ men and women are equal. Adventures ____5____ also be educational. Skelton says when you're at the mercy of the elements you have to adapt and be flexible, which is a great lesson for life.
Of all the places she ____6____ (be) to, Skelton says the South Pole was particularly hard. "It's like living in a freezer. It's the windiest, driest, coldest place on Earth." Skelton explains, "You can't even put up your tent, which is your only shelter, ____7____ putting on huge gloves, otherwise you'll get a frostbite. ____8____ (put) up a tent in oven gloves isn't easy."
Her advice to any aspiring adventurers would be to "not worry about ____9____ comments other people might make. When I said I'm going to kayak the Amazon, people told me that's madness. And, if I had listened to them, I never would have done _____10_____ of it. So just try."
【答案】1. a 2. is sharing
3. Although/ Though
4. where 5. can
6. had been
7. without 8. Putting
9. what 10. any
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Helen Skelton所写的关于冒险的一本书及她对冒险者的建议。
【1题详解】
考查冠词。根据空后的“series of”可知，此处应填不定冠词a，构成固定短语a series of，意为“一系列”。故填a。
【2题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：现在，Skelton正在一本叫作《Wild Girl: How to Have Incredible Outdoor Adventures》的书中分享她成功的秘密。根据本句的时间状语Now可知，应用现在进行时结构，主语Skelton是第三人称单数，故填is sharing。
【3题详解】
考查连词。前一句意为“她的护照上有很多邮票”，后一句意为“Skelton说你不必为了有一次冒险经历而去亚马逊或者南极”，显然前者是后面的一个“让步”，这里是一个让步状语从句，Although/ Though都是“尽管”的意思，引导一个让步状语从句。故填Although/ Though。
【4题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：她相信冒险是一种平等——一种男性和女性在其中都平等的活动。分析句子可知，空处引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词an activity，空处关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。
【5题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：冒险也可以是有教育意义的。分析句子可知，空后是be动词原形，此处应填一个情态动词，can表示“可以”，符合语境。故填can。
【6题详解】
考查时态。句意：在所有她去过的地方，Skelton说南极尤其地艰难。空后“the South Pole was particularly hard”用的是一般过去时，空处动词表示的动作发生在“她说南极尤其艰难”之前，属于过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had been。
【7题详解】
考查介词。句意：不戴上巨大的手套，你甚至不能搭建起帐篷，帐篷是你唯一的遮蔽物。分析句子可知，这里指否定，应用介词without。故填without。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：戴着烤箱手套搭建帐篷不容易。分析句子可知，这里缺少主语，表示一件已知的事或经验，应用动名词形式。故填Putting。
【9题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：她对任何有志向的冒险者的建议是不要担心别人可能作出什么评论。空处引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语，指别人“说的话”，应用what引导。故填what。
【10题详解】
考查代词。句意：如果我听了他们的话，我绝不会做成任何一件事。根据句意及空后的“of it”可知，这里指其中的“任何”一个。故填any。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. stem B. dot C. attributable D. exceeded E. overlook F. exposed
G. drainage H. emerging I. sinking J. access K. established
The Mega-City Environment
Mega-cities suffer from a catalog of environmental ills. A World Health Organization(WHO)/United Nations Environment Program(UNEP)study found that seven of the cities-Mexico City, Beijing, Cairo, Jakarta, Los Angeles, Sao Paulo and Moscow-had three or more pollutants that____11____ the WHO health protection guidelines. All 20 of the cities studied by WHO/UNEP had at least one major pollutant that went beyond____12____ health limits.
According to the World Resources Institute, “Millions of children living in the world’s largest cities, particularly in developing countries, are____13____ to life-threatening air pollution two to eight times above the maximum based on WHO guidelines. Indeed, more than 80 percent of all deaths in developing countries____14____ to air pollution-induced lung infections are among children under five.” In the big Asian mega-cities such as New Delhi, Beijing and Jakarta, approximately 20 to 30 percent of all respiratory diseases____15____ from air pollution.
Almost all of the mega-cities face major fresh water challenges. Johannesburg, South Africa, is forced to draw water from highlands 370 miles away. In Bangkok, saltwater is invading aquifers(地下蓄水层). Mexico City has a serious____16____ problem because of excessive groundwater withdrawal.
More than a billion people, 20 percent of the world’s population, live without regular____17____ to clean running water. While poor people are forced to pay high fees for private water, many cities squander their resources through leakages and illegal____18____. “With the population of cities expected to increase to five billion by 2025,” says Klaus Toepfer, executive director of the UNEP, “the urban demand for water is set to increase rapidly. This means that any solution to the water crisis is closely linked to the governance of cities.“
Mega-city residents, crowded into unsanitary slums, are also subject to serious disease outbreaks. Lima, Peru(with population estimated at 9.4 million by 2015)suffered a cholera outbreak in the late 1990s partly because, as the New York Times reported, ”rural people new to Lima...live in houses without running water and use the outhouses(屋外厕所)that____19____ the hillsides above.“
It’s worth looking at some of these_____20_____ mega-cities in detail, because daily life there is likely to be the pattern for a majority of the world’s population. Most are already experiencing severe environmental problems that will only be worsened by rapid population increases.
【答案】11. D 12. K 13. F 14. C 15. A 16. I 17. J 18. G 19. B 20. H
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。主要讲述了大城市遭受着一系列的环境问题。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：世界卫生组织(WHO)/联合国环境规划署(UNEP)的一项研究发现，其中7个城市——墨西哥城、北京、开罗、雅加达、洛杉矶、圣保罗和莫斯科——有三种或三种以上的污染物超过了世卫组织的健康保护准则。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少谓语动词，所以应填动词，根据后文“All 20 of the cities studied by WHO/UNEP had at least one major pollutant that went beyond 2 health limits.”可知，此处是指“超过世卫组织的健康保护准则”之意，所以D项exceeded意为“超过”符合题意。故选D项。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：卫生组织/环境规划署研究的所有20个城市至少有一种主要污染物超过既定的健康限度。分析句子结构可知，空前是介词，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词，根据句意此处表达“既定的健康限度”之意，所以K项established意为“已确立的”符合题意。故选K项。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：生活在世界各大城市，特别是发展中国家的数百万儿童暴露在威胁生命的空气污染中，空气污染比世卫组织指南规定的最大污染水平高出2至8倍。根据后文“Indeed, more than 80 percent of all deaths in developing countries 4 to air pollution-induced lung infections are among children under five.”可知，儿童是暴露威胁生命的空气污染中，所以F项exposed意为“暴露的”符合句意。故选F项。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：事实上，在发展中国家，由空气污染引起的肺部感染导致的所有死亡中，80%以上是5岁以下的儿童。根据后文“to air pollution-induced lung infections”可知，此处表达“引起的肺部感染”之意，所以C项attributable和空后的to构成固定短语：attributable to意为“归因于”符合题意。故选C项。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：在新德里、北京和雅加达等亚洲大城市，大约20%到30%的呼吸道疾病是由空气污染引起的。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，根据句意可知表达“引起”之意，所以A项stem和空后的from构成固定搭配：stem from意为“源于”符合题意。故选A项。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：由于过度抽取地下水，墨西哥城存在严重的下沉问题。根据后文“because of excessive groundwater withdrawal”可知由于过度抽取地下水，所以它有下沉的危险，所以I项sinking意为“下沉的”符合题意，作定语，修饰名词problem。故选I项。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：超过10亿人（占世界人口的20%）生活在无法定期获得清洁自来水的环境中。根据后文“While poor people are forced to pay high fees for private water”可知，此处表达“无法定期获得清洁自来水”之意，所以J项access和后文的to构成固定搭配：access to意为“接近；有权利使用”符合题意。故选J项。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：虽然穷人被迫为私人用水支付高额费用，但许多城市却因漏水和非法排水而浪费资源。根据前文“many cities squander their resources through leakages”可知空处和空前的leakages并列，意思接近，所以G项drainage意为“排水”符合题意。故选G项。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：秘鲁利马（2015年人口估计为940万）在20世纪90年代末爆发了霍乱，部分原因是，正如《纽约时报》报道的那样，“新来到利马的农村人……住在没有自来水的房子里，使用散布在山坡上的屋外厕所。”分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，根据句意，此处表达“散布在山坡上的屋外厕所”之意，所以B项dot意为“星罗棋布于”符合题意。故选B项。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们有必要仔细研究一下这些新兴的超级城市，因为那里的日常生活很可能是世界上大多数人的生活模式。根据前文主要讲述了秘鲁利马这些新兴的超级城市，所以此处表达“新兴的超级城市”之意，所以H项emerging意为“出现的，新兴的”符合题意。故选H项。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The teenage years of an individual is marked by evaluating one's values,experiencing a shift in outlooks,and a tendency to act rebellious. It can also be a time when someone becomes extremely___21___ to negative influences,and is drawn towards dangerous situations. On the other hand,for parents, the period of their children's adolescence means regularly worrying about their safety and formation as a citizen. Thus, a method of ___22___teenagers' security is needed, and curfews(宵禁)are often seen as such a measure，since they have proved their ___23___the same time, certain peculiarities exist about establishing curfews for children.
The issue of teenage curfews is widely debated in the United States, where this method is still rather ___24___, and in European democracies, where this measure is yet not so widely used .The first and foremost reason for establishing curfews is children's security. ___25___curfews require teenagers under 17 years to stay out of streets starting from 11p.m.or midnight. This is believed to protect them from crimes committed after nightfall,as well as from breaking the law, and there exists serious evidence ___26___this belief. For example, when New Orleans enabled a dusk-til-dawn curfew in 1994, the rates of juvenile crime were reported to fall more than 20 percent.Even more impressive ___27___were recorded in Dallas, which reported a 30-percent decrease in violent juvenile crime,and a 21-percent decrease in the overall rates of crimes committed by young people (The New York Times).
On the other hand, curfews can be seen as a preventive measure that rob young people of their rights,___28___ their freedom. This opinion is ___29___ supported by the fact that curfew violations(违规) and the respective charges are among the most often committed juvenile crimes in the United States. ___30___, there were reports claiming that police arrested more non-white teenagers for curfew violations.All this can cause a teenager to believe they have crossed a psychological line dividing them as criminals; thus,such teenagers may start to see themselves as outlaws, which can ___31___ committing more serious crimes than a curfew offense.
What is important for a parent to remember when establishing a curfew for their children is that a teenager's misjudged view of certain___32___may cause them to misbehave in some other way; this is proved by research conducted by the University of Minnesota, according to which teens tend to protest against what they see as ___33___. Considering this,parents should ___34___the authoritarian style of establishing curfews; instead, they should have a conversation with their teenager that would be aimed at finding ideal conditions for a curfew that would ___35___both sides.
21. A. opposed B. subjected C. related D. restricted
22. A. improving B. restoring C. ensuring D. expanding
23. A. principle B. reference C. approach D. efficiency
24. A. popular B. absent C. practical D. accessible
25. A. Typical B. Evident C. Critical D. Specific
26. A. in place of B. in honor of C. in case of D. in favor of
27. A. results B. events C. patterns D. links
28. A. protecting B. acknowledging C. limiting D. liberating
29. A. officially B. logically C. particularly D. physically
30. A. By contrast B. In addition C. In conclusion D. In general
31. A. take charge of B. contribute to C. result from D. deal with
32. A. rules B. charges C. crimes D. relations
33. A. impolite B. unrealistic C. inadequate D. unfair
34. A. adopt B. allow C. avoid D. address
35 A. satisfy B. spare C. surround D. settle
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。为了确保青少年的安全，国家对他们实行了宵禁。宵禁降低了青少年的犯罪率，非常有效，但在一定程度上限制了青少年的自由和权利。本文对宵禁这一举措的优点和缺点进行了论述。
【21题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：它也可能是这样一段时间，在这段时间一个人变得非常容易受负面影响，并被危险的情况所吸引。A. opposed反对；B. subjected受控制，受影响；C. related联系；D. restricted 受限制。根据后面的“and is drawn towards dangerous situations（被危险的情况所吸引）”可知，被危险的情况所吸引，自然易受消极的负面的事物所影响。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：因此，需要一种确保青少年安全的方法，宵禁常常被视为这样一种措施，因为宵禁证明了其有效性。A. improving提高，改善；B. restoring恢复；C. ensuring确保；D. expanding扩大。根据上句“for parents, the period of their children's adolescence means regularly worrying about their safety and formation as a citizen.” 可知，对于父母来说，孩子的青春期意味着要经常担心他们作为一个公民的安全。那么宵禁就是确保（ensure）他们的安全的一种措施。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：因此，需要一种确保青少年安全的方法，宵禁常常被视为这样一种安全措施，因为宵禁证明了其有效性。A. principle原则；B. reference参与；C. approach方法；D. efficiency效率。下文主要叙述了在美国对青少年宵禁相当普遍并卓有成效的例子。可知，宵禁是有效的。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：对青少年宵禁的问题在美国广受争议，这种方法在美国仍然相当流行，而在欧洲民主国家，这一措施尚未得到如此广泛的应用。A. popular流行的，受欢迎的；B. absent缺席的；C. practical实用的；D. accessible可得到的。根据空前的“The issue of teenage curfews is widely debated in the United States”青少年宵禁问题在美国广受争议，以及后面的“ this method is still rather __4__” 中的转折副词still，表示与前面的句意相反，可知这种方法虽然备受争议，但在美国仍然相当流行。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：典型的宵禁要求17岁以下的青少年从晚上11点开始不要上街。A. Typical典型的，有代表性的；B. Evident明显的；C. Critical批评的；D. Specific具体的。根据后面的举例，宵禁的时间及针对的人群可知，这种宵禁非常典型。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：这被认为可以保护他们免受夜幕降临后的罪行，以及违法行为的侵害，而且有确凿的证据支持这一观点。A. in place of代替；B. in honor of纪念；C. in case of以防；D. in favor of 支持。下文举例说明这种宵禁使青少年犯罪率下降了，可知，这些都能支持（in favor of）这一种措施的可行性。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：达拉斯的结果更令人印象深刻，(纽约时报)报告称青少年暴力犯罪率下降了30%，青少年犯罪总犯罪率下降了21%。A. results结果；B. events 事件；C. patterns模式；D. links链接。犯罪率的下降就是这种措施的结果（results）。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：另一方面，宵禁可被视为剥夺年轻人的权利，限制他们的自由的一种预防措施。A. protecting保护；B. acknowledging承认；C. limiting限制；D. liberating解放。根据宵禁期间，青少年在晚上11点后不准上街，可知，宵禁限制（limit）了他们的自由。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：这一观点尤其得到以下事实的支持：违反宵禁和相关指控是美国青少年最常犯下的犯罪之一。A. officially官方地；B. logically逻辑地；C. particularly尤其；D. physically身体上。根据“that curfew violations(违规) and the respective charges are among the most often committed juvenile crimes in the United States.”可知这一观点尤其得到以下事实的支持。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：此外，有报道称警方因宵禁逮捕了更多违反规定的非白人青少年。A. By contrast相比；B. In addition此外；C. In conclusion总之；D. In general一般地。上文说了宵禁限制了青少年的自由，后面又举一例，可知，空格处要用此外（In addition）。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：所有这些都会使青少年认为他们已经越过了将自己划分为罪犯的心理防线；因此，这些青少年可能开始将自己视为不法分子，这可能会导致犯下比宵禁罪更严重的罪行。A. take charge of 负责；B. contribute to促使，有助于；C. result from 由于；D. deal with处理。分析前后两句的内容，可知青少年认为自己是不法分子，这会促使（contribute to）他们犯下更重的罪行。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：在为孩子制定宵禁令时，父母要记住的一点是，青少年对某些规定的错误判断可能会导致他们在其他方面的不当行为。A. rules规定；B. charges费用；C. crimes犯罪；D. relations关系。宵禁令是一种规定（rule）。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：由明尼苏达大学进行的研究证明这一点，根据该研究，青少年倾向于抗议他们认为不公平的事情。A. impolite不礼貌的；B. unrealistic不现实的；C. inadequate不足的；D. unfair不公平的。根据“protest against(抗议)”可知，青少年认为这是不公平的的事，会进行抗议。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：因此，家长应该避免制定宵禁的专制风格；相反，应该与他们的青少年进行对话，旨在为宵禁寻找理想的条件，让双方都满意。A. adopt采纳，收养；B. allow允许；C. avoid避免；D. address解决。上文说青少年在认为某事对自己不公平时会抗议。以及“have a conversation with their teenager that would be aimed at finding ideal conditions”可知，要与青少年进行一次旨在找到理想条件的谈话，家长要避免（avoid）专制。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：因此，家长应该避免制定宵禁的专制风格;相反，应该与他们的青少年进行对话，旨在为宵禁寻找理想的条件，让双方都满意。A. satisfy满足；B. spare留出，抽出；C. surround包围；D. settle解决。上文说要与青少年对话，不能专制，目的就是让双方满意（satisfy）。故选A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
E-cigarettes Ban:Good news for Tobacco?
The proposed ban on flavored e-cigarettes may drive many Americans back to cigarettes,said Christopher Palmeri and Jeff Green in the Los Ange Times.
Responding to an outbreak of hundreds of serious lung illnesses from vapes(电子烟)that killed a seventh person this week, FDA(食物药品监管局)will outlaw everything but tobacco-flavored-cigarettes, as Michigan and New York state recently did. Flavors like buttered popcorn and mango helped create "an explosion" in teen vaping. But hundreds of thousands of teens already addicted to nicotine-and 9 million adults who vape--may simply replace vaping with tobacco products. By banning favored vapes the government may be "closing the shed door after the horse has gotten out."
Nobody vapes "because the flavor is so amazing," said David Marcus in The Federalist com. That's why the ban is so clueless."If kids want to taste bubble gum,they can buy,you know,bubble gum." Vaping giants like Juul need to be honest about the fact that they’re in the nicotine business, and monitor themselves accordingly. They should spend billions ensuring that stores don’t sell to minors instead of touting the "scientific conclusion"that e-cigarettes are safer than smoking. The burning involved in smoking cigarettes creates tar and a bunch of chemicals not present in e-cigarettes' watery vapor. True, but nicotine is also a dangerous and addictive drug and vaping liquid itself contains chemicals that damage blood vessels(血管)."The idea of safe smoking" is"a lie," and the vaping industry's fruit- and candy-flavored pods" are proof of evil intent."
"The massive increase in teen vapers" is a reasonable concern, said Robert Gebelhoff in Washington Post.com.But the evidence suggests that the lung illnesses that led the government to act were caused by black-market products cut with dangerous substance.Banning favored vapes will only drive more nicotine addicts and teens to the black market,which will be happy to provide fruity pods. Instead of banning flavors, the government "should empower the FDA to fully regulate the industry." That would let science,"not panic,guide our policy."
36. What led to the proposed ban on e-cigarettes?
A. Popular flavors like mango led to teen nicotine addiction.
B. The lack of proper legal supervision in the vaping industry.
C. An increased number of deaths resulting from lung diseases.
D. The sharp increase in the sale of unhealthy tobacco products.
37. What might happen if the ban takes effect?
A. FDA would regulate the tobacco industry more effectively.
B. The vaping industry would be more strictly monitored.
C. The evil intent of the vaping industry would be revealed.
D. The tobacco industry might regain its previous glory.
38. The underlined word "touting"probably means________.
A. Promoting B. challenging C. assuming D. tolerating
39. What is the writer's attitude towards vape ban?
A. Supportive. B. Disapproving C. Uninterested D. Impartial.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. A 39. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国发布加香型电子烟禁令的原因以及对吸电子烟的人尤其是青少年以及电子烟行业和香烟行业的影响，同时作者也表达了自己对禁令和电子烟的看法。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Responding to an outbreak of hundreds of serious lung illnesses from vapes(电子烟)that killed a seventh person this week, FDA(食物药品监管局)will outlaw everything but tobacco-flavored-cigarettes...(由于电子烟造成的严重的肺病爆发，这个周内造成了7人死亡，作为回应，FDA宣布除了烟草味的烟，其余的烟都是不合法的)”由此可知，就是因为由于电子烟造成的死于肺病的人的增加，才有了对电子烟的禁令，故选C。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“The proposed ban on flavored e-cigarettes may drive many Americans back to cigarettes(对有香味电子烟的禁令可能使美国人开始吸香烟)”以及根据第二段中“But hundreds of thousands of teens already addicted to nicotine-and 9 million adults who vape--may simply replace vaping with tobacco products.(但是成千上万对尼古丁上瘾的青少年以及900万吸电子烟的成年人只会用烟草产品取代电子烟。)”由此可知，如果对电子烟的禁令生效，那么这些人会用烟草产品，那么烟草工业会更兴盛，烟草业可能会重拾昔日的辉煌，故选D。
【38题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“Vaping giants like Juul need to be honest about the fact that they’re in the nicotine business, and monitor themselves accordingly. They should spend billions ensuring that stores don’t sell to minors instead of touting the "scientific conclusion"that e-cigarettes are safer than smoking.(像Juul这样的电子烟大企业要知道他们也是尼古丁产业，也要依照禁令监督自己。他们应该花钱来确保商店不向未成年人出售电子烟，而不是tout电子烟比吸烟更安全这个“科学论断”。)”结合选项，可知，作为电子烟企业，在没有禁令之前，在宣传自己产品时，会“推销”电子烟比吸烟更安全这个“科学论断”，“touting”意思是推销，故选A。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“By banning favored vapes the government may be "closing the shed door after the horse has gotten out."(禁止香味电子烟，政府就像“马出来后关上棚门”)”可知作者认为这个禁令没有意义。再结合第三段中“Nobody vapes "because the flavor is so amazing," said David Marcus in The Federalist com.That's why the ban is so clueless( David Marcus在The Federalist网站上说，没有人吸电子烟是因为它不错的味道。这是禁令毫无根据的原因。)”可知作者认为禁令毫无根据。以及最后一段中“Instead of banning flavors, the government "should empower the FDA to fully regulate the industry.(与其禁止带香味的电子烟，政府不如授权给FDA来全面地规范这个行业。)”综合可推断作者对禁令是不赞同的态度，故选B。
(B)
Also of interest...in family dramas
The Travelers
by Regina Porter (Hogarth, $27)
Though Regina Porter’s formally daring first novel “can feel too much like a jigsaw puzzle,” it achieves a “simply stunning” level of complexity, said Meng Jin in the San Fracisco Chronicle. As the first-time novelist tells the stories of two Georgia families — one black, one white — she weaves together events from 1946 to 2010 while deftly shifting between play-like dialogue, straight narrative, and various other modes. Not one character is a mere extra, and the impressive result “looks very much like life.”
Ask Again, Yes
by Mary Beth Keane (Scribner, $27)
Mary Beth Keane’s new novel is “one of the most unpretentiously profound books I’ve read in a long time,” said Maureen Corrigan in NPR.org. In 1973 New York City, two rookie cops forge a friendship that shapes the lives of the Irish-American families they raise side by side in a nearby suburb. Because each chapter is told from a new perspective, we come to know almost every member of those families, and Keane “beautifully dramatizes” how lives are built on a series of happenstances, including tragic ones.
Native Country of the Heart
by Cherrie Moraga (Farrar, Straus & Giroux, $26)
“This memoir’s beauty is in its fierce intimacy,” said Roy Hoffman in The News York Times. Playwright Cherrie Moraga makes her mother the heroine of the book, bringing the late immigrant’s story to life “with a poet’s verve.” Mexican-born Elvira Moraga, who picked cotton in California at 11, sold cigarettes in Tijuana at 14, and never learned to read, became the heart and soul of a large extended family. Here, she’s a character too resonant to be merely emblematic.
The Edge of Every Day
by Marin Sardy (Pantheon, $26)
Mental illness leaves no one in a family untouched, said Alison Van Houten in Outside. In a book whose nonlinear structure “mimics the erratic nature of schizophrenia,” essayist Marin Sardy bringing the describes how the disorder struck her mother and a brother, scrambling life for all the children. Her mother’s paranoid delusions disrupted their schooling; years later, Sardy’s brother, after refusing help, committed suicide. “How does one lead any semblance of a normal life under such circumstances?” Sardy shows us how.
Note:
1. resonant: 共振的，共鸣的 2. emblematic: 象征的，典型的
3. nonlinear: 非线性的 4.schizophrenia: 精神分裂症
40. Which book touches upon a personal family tragedy?
A. The Travelers. B. Ask Again, Yes.
C. Native Country of the Heart. D. The Edge of Every Day.
41. Which of the following about each book is TRUE?
A. The Travelers tells a straightforward story about two Georgia families.
B. The thread running through Ask Again,Yes is Irish way of life.
C. Native Country of the Heart was written in memory of Elvira Moraga.
D. The Edge of Every Day describes one’s struggle against mental diseases.
42. What do the four books have in common?
A. They were published by the same publishing house.
B. They belong to he same type of literary works.
C. The stories were ll set in the last century.
D. They represented the peak level of each writer.
【答案】40. C 41. B 42. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍的是让人感兴趣的家庭戏剧。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章小标题“Native Country of the Heart”下的“Mexican-born Elvira Moraga, who picked cotton in California at 11, sold cigarettes in Tijuana at 14, and never learned to read, became the heart and soul of a large extended family. Here, she’s a character too resonant to be merely emblematic.”可知，埃尔维拉·莫拉加出生于墨西哥，11岁时在加利福尼亚摘棉花，14岁时在提华纳卖香烟，从未学会阅读，却成为了一个大家庭的核心和灵魂。在这里，她是一个太有共鸣的角色，而不仅仅是象征性的。由此可知，这本书涉及到一个个人的家庭悲剧。故选C。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章小标题“Ask Again, Yes”下的“In 1973 New York City, two rookie cops forge a friendship that shapes the lives of the Irish-American families they raise side by side in a nearby suburb. Because each chapter is told from a new perspective, we come to know almost every member of those families”可知，1973年的纽约，两个新警察在附近的郊区建立了友谊，这友谊塑造了他们共同抚养的爱尔兰裔美国家庭的生活。因为每一章都是从一个新的视角讲述的，所以我们几乎了解了这些家庭的每一个成员。由此可知，Ask Again, Yes描述的是爱尔兰人的生活方式。故选B。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章的题目“Also of interest…in family dramas”可知，文章主要介绍的书都是家庭剧，即它们属于同一类型的文学作品。故选B。
(C)
More than a score of Australian rare mammals have been killed by wild cats. These predators, which arrived with European settlers, still threaten native wildlife — and are too plentiful on the mainland to eliminate, as has been achieved on some small islands which were previously filled with them. But Alexandra Ross of the University of New South Wales thinks she has come up with a different way to deal with the problem. As she writes in a paper in the Journal of Applied Ecology, she is giving feline (猫科的) — awareness lessons to wild animals involved in re-introduction programs, in order to try to make them cat-conscious.
Many Australian mammals, though not actually extinct, are restricted to fragments of cat-free habitat. This will, however, put the forced migrants back in the sights of the cats that caused the problem in the first place. Training the migrants while they are in captivity, using stuffed models and the sorts of sounds made by cats, has proved expensive and ineffective. Ms Ross therefore wondered whether putting them in large natural enclosures with a scattering of predators might serve as a form of training camp to prepare them for introduction into their new, cat-ridden homes.
She tested this idea on a type of bandicoot (袋狸) that superficially resembles a rabbit. She and her colleagues raised two hundred bandicoots in a huge enclosure that also contained five wild cats. As a control, she raised a nearly identical population in a similar enclosure without the cats. She left the animals to get on with life for two years, which, given that bandicoots breed four times a year and live for around eight years, was a considerable period for them. After some predation (扑食) and probably some learning, she abstracted 21 bandicoots from each enclosure, attached radio transmitters to them and released them into a third enclosure that had ten hungry cats in it. She then monitored what happened next. The outcome was that the training worked. Over the subsequent 40 days, ten of the untrained animals were eaten by cats, but only four of the trained ones. One particular behavioral difference she noticed was that bandicoots brought up in a predator-free environment were much more likely to sleep alone than were those brought up around cats. And when cats are around, sleeping alone is dangerous. How well bandicoots that have undergone this extreme training will survive in the wild remains to be seen. But Ms Ross has at least provided reason for hope.
43. What can be learned from the first paragraph?
A. The feline-awareness lessons have proved ineffective.
B. There are too many wild cats to be killed in Australia.
C. Different ways have been tried to hunt and kill wildlife.
D. Native wildlife has been threatened by a growing population of wild cats.
44. The forced migrants in the second paragraph refer to ________.
A. Australian mammals restricted to certain areas
B. The wild cats tracking down the mammals
C. Wild animals involved in the program
D. The predators captured by the animal trainers
45. Which of the following is TRUE about the first two enclosures?
A. They were both closely monitored. B. They had 200 bandicoots in total.
C. They had similar natural environment. D. They both had wild cats in them.
46. What was the finding of Ms Ross’ research project?
A. Untrained bandicoots failed to identify cats.
B. Training bandicoots prepared them to fight cats.
C. Sleeping alone in the wild was dangerous.
D. Bandicoots could be trained to avoid predators.
【答案】43. B 44. A 45. C 46. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了二十多种澳大利亚哺乳动物已经被野猫灭绝了，并且，野猫还在威胁着当地哺乳动物的生命。新南威尔士大学的Alexandra Ross经过试验发现，哺乳动物可以通过接受训练来躲避捕食者。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“More than a score of Australian rare mammals have been killed by wild cats. These predators, which arrived with European settlers, still threaten native wildlife — and are too plentiful on the mainland to eliminate, as has been achieved on some small islands which were previously filled with them. (超过20种澳大利亚稀有哺乳动物被野猫杀死。这些随着欧洲殖民者而来的捕食者，仍然威胁着当地的野生动物——而且在大陆上数量太多，无法消灭，就像在一些以前充满了它们的小岛屿上一样)”可知，超过二十种澳大利亚稀有哺乳动物被野猫杀死，并且这些野猫仍然威胁着当地的野生动物，它们数量太多，杀之不尽。故选B项。
【44题详解】
短语猜测题。根据第二段第一、二句“Many Australian mammals, though not actually extinct, are restricted to fragments of cat-free habitat. This will, however, put the forced migrants back in the sights of the cats that caused the problem in the first place. (许多澳大利亚哺乳动物虽然还没有灭绝，但被限制在没有猫的栖息地内。然而，这将使这些forced migrants 重新回到猫科动物的视线中，这些猫科动物最初造成了这个问题)”可知，forced migrants指的是第一句中所说的一些澳大利亚哺乳动物，它们虽然没有灭绝、但是被限制在没有猫的栖息地；由此可知，划线词forced migrants指的是被限制在无猫地区的澳大利亚哺乳动物。故选A项。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“She and her colleagues raised two hundred bandicoots in a huge enclosure that also contained five wild cats. As a control, she raised a nearly identical population in a similar enclosure without the cats.(她和她的同事在一个巨大的围栏里养了200只袋狸，里面还有5只野猫。作为对照，她在一个类似的圈地里饲养了几乎相同的种群，但没有猫)”可知，作为对照，第二个围栏和第一个围栏有相似的自然环境，只是里面没有野猫。因此，前两个围栏有相似的自然环境。故选C项。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The outcome was that the training worked. Over the subsequent 40days, ten of the untrained animals were eaten by cats, but only four of the trained ones. One particular behavioral difference she noticed was that bandicoots brought up in a predator-free environment were much more likely to sleep alone than were those brought up around cats. And when cats are around, sleeping alone is dangerous.(结果是训练奏效了。在接下来的40天里，10只未经训练的动物被猫吃掉，但只有4只经过训练的动物被猫吃掉。她注意到的一个特别的行为差异是，在没有捕食者的环境中长大的袋狸比在有猫的环境中长大的袋狸更有可能独自睡觉。当有猫在的时候，独自睡觉是很危险的)”可知，实验发现，与没有经过训练的袋狸比起来，训练过的袋狸更有可能躲避被夜猫吃掉，由此可知，袋狸可以被训练避开捕食者。故选D项。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The Secret Garden-A Classical Novel about Hope and Redemption
The Secret Garden is a popular work of children's literature.The novel is set in theearly1900s! The main character is Mary Lennox, a 10-year-old British girl. ___47___Mary is then sent to live with her wealthy uncle Archibald Craven, who owns a large estate in the countryside. At first, Mary is bored by the people she meets as well as the slow pace of rural life. One day, a maid tells Mary about a hidden garden that Mrs.Craven kept before her death.The tale of Mrs. Craven's secret enclosure awakens Mary's curiosity. She makes it her mission to find out more about the mysterious garden.
While exploring the property, she sees a robin resting on a mound of dirt. Mary digs through the soil and finds the key to the locked garden door. ___48___ She decides to do whatever it takes to bring the secret garden back to life.
Meanwhile, Mary starts to hear haunting cries on the estate at night. One evening, she follows the sounds and discovers Mr. Craven’s son, Colin. Mary learns that Colin is ill and can’t walk.___49___
Mr. Craven ordered his servants to care for Colin but would never visit because his son reminded him of his wife.
Mary and Colin become good friends. Mary convinces Coin that he can use his mind to overcome his illness. ___50___ There, they meet Ben Weather-staff, one of Mr. Craven’s servants. They all decide to work together to restore the area. When their work is finished, they plan a surprise for Mr. Craven. He arrives at the garden and finds the flowers in bloom, just like they were when his wife was alive. More importantly, he’s overjoyed to lean that Colin has become a healthy boy. Their relationship is repaired, and they look forward to a brighter future.
A. Once a year, Ben visits the garden to honor Mrs. Craven's memory.
B. Her life is turned upside down when her parents suddenly die from a terrible disease.
C. Due to his poor health, doctors predicted he would die an early death.
D. At the start of the novel, many characters are suffering and going through hard times.
E. One day, she puts him in a wheelchair and takes him to the secret garden.
F. Inside, she finds that many of the forgotten plants are almost dead.
【答案】47. B 48. F 49. C 50. E
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇小说。文章介绍了《秘密花园》这部儿童作品的主要内容。
【47题详解】
根据下一句“Mary is then sent to live with her wealthy uncle Archibald Craven, who owns a large estate in the countryside.(玛丽随后被送到她富有的叔叔阿奇博尔德·克雷文那里生活，他在乡下拥有一大片地产。)”可知，该空应该陈述玛丽家庭的变故。这个变故导致玛丽被送到叔叔家去生活。结合选项，B选项（当她的父母突然死于一种可怕的疾病时，她的生活发生了翻天覆地的变化。）符合语境。故选B。
【48题详解】
根据上一句“Mary digs through the soil and finds the key to the locked garden door.（玛丽在土里挖了挖，找到了锁着的花园门的钥匙。）”可以推知，该空应该提到她在花园里看到的情景。根据下一句“She decides to do whatever it takes to bring the secret garden back to life (她决定不惜一切代价让秘密花园复活。)”可知，该句应提到秘密花园处于荒废状态。结合选项，F选项（在里面，她发现许多被遗忘的植物几乎都死了。）符合语境。故选F。
【49题详解】
根据前一句“Mary learns that Colin is ill and can’t walk.( 玛丽得知科林病了，不能走路)”可知，该空承接上文，应该继续陈述关于科林的情况。结合选项，C选项（由于他的健康状况不佳，医生预测他会英年早逝。）符合语境，故选C。
【50题详解】
根据前一句“Mary convinces Coin that he can use his mind to overcome his illness.( 玛丽使科林相信他可以用自己的头脑来克服疾病。)”可知，下文应该介绍玛丽如何帮助科林战胜疾病。根据后一句“There, they meet Ben Weather-staff, one of Mr. Craven’s servants.( 在那儿，他们遇到了本·威瑟斯塔夫，克莱文先生的一个仆人。)”可知，该空应该提到一个地点。结合选项，E选项（一天，她把他放在轮椅上，带他去秘密花园。）符合语境，故选E。
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
Long Journey
The majority of the world’s clothes, bags and shoes are manufactured in Asia. But the region’s brands have made little headway in the West. Of the ten most valuable global apparel (服装) labels ranked by Millward Brown, a market-research firm, only Uniqlo is Asian. Li-Ning, one of China’s best-selling sportswear brands, tried to enter America in 2010. It opened a flagship store in Portland, Oregon and later launched an English-language online store. Both failed.
What makes the journey so hard? Adjusting to Western tastes takes time. Although Uniqlo became the largest Japanese apparel brand by selling US-style clothing, it still encountered cultural barriers in America itself. For example, vests (背心) are one of Uniqlo’s most popular products at home, but relatively few Americans and Europeans wear an additional layer beneath their shirts, says Dairo Murata, an analyst at JPMorgan Chase, a bank. It was only two years ago the firm also realized that XL was not big enough in America; it now duly provides XXXL.
Another problem, at least outside the big cities, is price. Uniqlo takes pride in the use of high-tech, comfortable fabrics (布料)，an attempt to differentiate itself from other basic clothing brands like Gap and Old Navy. But at Danbury Fair, a Connecticut shopping mall that is a barometer for retail trends in the suburbs, people prefer Primark, a super-cheap Irish retailer (零售商) which recently opened, to Uniqlo, which shut up shop in June. Mall visitors are conservative about fashion and about spending, explains F.K. Grunert, its manager.
What still seems to work better is concentrating on urban centres, even though that means a smaller potential market. This month Uniqlo opened a stand-alone store in Manhattan’s Soho; such shops tend to do well. In 2002 it had 21 stores in Britain, dotted around the north-west, Midlands and south-east; now eight of the ten it still has are in London.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 It’s hard for Asia’s fashion brands to appeal to Western customers. But why? They don’t know western tastes and culture very well so they need time to make adjustments. High price is another reason because suburban customers care more about price than fashion. So it may be a wise choice for Asian brands to open their shops in urban centres.
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述亚洲的衣服品牌进入西方国家的市场的道路很坎坷。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①The majority of the world’s clothes, bags and shoes are manufactured in Asia. But the region’s brands have made little headway in the West.
②What makes the journey so hard?
③Adjusting to Western tastes takes time. Although Uniqlo became the largest Japanese apparel brand by selling US-style clothing, it still encountered cultural barriers in America itself.
④Another problem, at least outside the big cities, is price.
⑤But at Danbury Fair, a Connecticut shopping mall that is a barometer for retail trends in the suburbs, people prefer Primark, a super-cheap Irish retailer (零售商) which recently opened, to Uniqlo, which shut up shop in June. Mall visitors are conservative about fashion and about spending, explains F.K. Grunert, its manager.
⑥What still seems to work better is concentrating on urban centres, even though that means a smaller potential market.
2.缜密构思
将第1，2，3，6四个要点进行重组，将第4，5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
It’s hard for Asia’s fashion brands to appeal to Western customers.
But why?
They don’t know western tastes and culture very well so they need time to make adjustments.
High price is another reason because suburban customers care more about price than fashion
So it may be a wise choice for Asian brands to open their shops in urban centres.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Although Uniqlo became the largest Japanese apparel brand by selling US-style clothing, it still encountered cultural barriers in America itself.（运用一个主从复合句体现了优衣库在美国遇到了文化冲击。其中Although引导的让步状语从句表达高级）
【高分句型2】But at Danbury Fair, a Connecticut shopping mall that is a barometer for retail trends in the suburbs, people prefer Primark, a super-cheap Irish retailer (零售商) which recently opened, to Uniqlo, which shut up shop in June.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句体现了美国郊区人的消费趋势。其中which引导的非限制性定语从句表达高级）
【高分句型3】What still seems to work better is concentrating on urban centres, even though that means a smaller potential market.（运用一个复杂主从复合句体现了在美国的潜在市场。其中What引导的主语从句和even though引导的让步状语从句表达高级）
Ⅴ. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 因缺少资金，公众直到最近才得以进入这个商业中心。(accessible) （汉译英）
【答案】Lack of funds, the commercial center was not accessible to public until recently.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。表示“缺少资金”应用lack of funds；表示“商业中心”短语为the commercial center；表示“进入”短语为be accessible to；表示“直到”应用not…until…；为一般过去时。故翻译为Lack of funds, the commercial center was not accessible to public until recently.
53. 实现梦想之前，一个人要经历一段时间的艰难，这是常有的事。(That) （汉译英）
【答案】That a person experienced a period of hardship before realizing their dreams is common.
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。根据题干要求，需要用到That，所以本句应该用主语从句，从句中主语是“一个人”译为“a person”，谓语是“经历”，根据句意应该用一般过去时，译为“experienced”，“一段时间的艰难”作宾语译为“a period of hardship”，“实现梦想之前”作状语，译为“before realizing their dreams”，主句的谓语是be动，应该用is，“常有的事”作表语译为“common”。故译为：That a person experienced a period of hardship before realizing their dreams is common.
54. 传统中医安全可靠，最早可追溯到三千多年前，是中国古代人民的智慧结晶。(represent) （汉译英）
【答案】Traditional Chinese medicine is safe and reliable, which can date back to more than 3,000 years ago, and it represents the wisdom of ancient Chinese people.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词、时态、短语和非限制性定语从句。“传统中医”用名词短语traditional Chinese medicine，在句中作主语；“安全”用形容词safe表达，“可靠”用形容词reliable表达，在句中作表语；“追溯到”用动词短语date back to表达，“最早可追溯到三千多年前”表达为date back to more than 3,000 years ago；“是”用动词represent表达；“中国古代人民”用名词短语ancient Chinese people表达；“中国古代人民的智慧结晶”表达为the wisdom of ancient Chinese people；根据句意可知此句阐述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；“最早可追溯到三千多年前”可以用which引导的非限制性定语从句表达，which指代traditional Chinese medicine在从句中作主语；故此句可翻译为：Traditional Chinese medicine is safe and reliable, which can date back to more than 3,000 years ago, and it represents the wisdom of ancient Chinese people.
55. 今年的春晚(The Spring Festival Gala)好戏连台，有悦耳动听的歌曲，美轮美奂的舞蹈，还有风趣幽默的相声，观众们在喜庆的气氛中辞旧迎新。(so that) （汉译英）
【答案】This year’s Spring Festival Gala featured many good performances, including melodious songs, beautiful dances, and witty and humorous cross talk so that audience said goodbye to the old and welcomed the new in a festive atmosphere.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和结果状语从句。句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。根据题干要求需用so that，所以硬干翻译为so that引导的结果状语从句，主句中，主语是“今年的春晚”译为“This year’s Spring Festival Gala”，谓语和宾语是“好戏连台”译为“featured many good performances”，“有悦耳动听的歌曲，美轮美奂的舞蹈，还有风趣幽默的相声”描述的是performances的具体内容，用介词including+名词的结构，译为“including melodious songs, beautiful dances, and witty and humorous cross talk”，从句中主语是“观众们”译为“audience”，谓语是“辞旧迎新”译为“said goodbye to the old and welcomed the new”，“在喜庆的气氛中”作状语，译为“in a festive atmosphere”。故译为：This year’s Spring Festival Gala featured many good performances, including melodious songs, beautiful dances, and witty and humorous cross talk so that audience said goodbye to the old and welcomed the new in a festive atmosphere.
Ⅵ. Guided Writing(25%)
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below.
假如你是明启中学学生李华，校英文报现进行征文活动，让你谈一谈高中生在未来应该着重学习培养哪些方面知识或技能，与ChatGPT形成差异化竞争，并说明理由。
(相关背景知识：ChatGPT作为一款大型语言模型，可以与人类进行自然而流畅的交互，回答各种问题、提供建议，同时还能生成文本、摘要，具备翻译和写作等功能，被誉为未来人工智能的代表。)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 ChatGPT has recently become a hot topic on the Internet. Its excellent performance is hailed as a representative of the future of artificial intelligence. So, as a senior high school student, what kind of knowledge or skills should we focus on in the future so as to form a differentiated competition with ChatGPT?
First, I think we should learn math and physics well. That’s because AI can do a lot better than humans in computing, but it can’t do anything like that when it comes to pioneering problems, and math and physics really need pioneering thinking. Secondly, we should have the ability of independent learning. In the future world, science and technology will develop faster and faster. Only through independent learning can we keep up with the pace of The Times.
In the end, I think ChatGPT is going to help us as well as compete with it, so we need to be able to work with AI.
【解析】
【导语】本文是开放性写作。要求考生写一篇关于高中生在未来应该着重学习培养哪些方面的知识或技能，与ChatGPT形成差异化竞争的文章给校英文报。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
优秀的：excellent→wonderful
集中：focus on→pay attention to
首先：first→to begin with
跟上：keep up with→ catch up with
2. 句式拓展
同义句替换
原句：Its excellent performance is hailed as a representative of the future of artificial intelligence.
替换句： Its excellent performance is known as the representative of future artificial intelligence.
【点睛】[高分句型1]. First, I think we should learn math and physics well.(省略that的宾语从句)
[高分句型2]. Only through independent learning can we keep up with the pace of The Times.(only开头的倒装句)
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