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专题 21 阅读理解：七选五 段中句--备考高考二轮英语复习讲练测
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备考2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测--讲练
命题解读
“七选五”题型中的段中设空的题目即为主题句的展开句。此种题要注意分析前后的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，注意句子之间的衔接手法。当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的街接关系。
考点特征
设空在段中，通常有如下三种情况：
解释、引申、例证：对前面的论点或观点加以解释、引申或例证。
建议性语句：作者提出的解决问题的方法、措施或步骤。
句子间的过渡语句：为使上下文语意承接、转换自然。
解题步骤
第一步: 浏览全文，做出预判。同时理清全文的结构，了解文章大意，关注每个空格的位置。
一般来说，小标题类的文章是按总分结构或者总分总结构叙述的。段首句主要起主旨句或者承上启下的作用。段中句用来承上启下或者解释说明。段尾句用来总结全文或者提出希望。
第二步: 分析选项，尤其根据选项中的代词、连词等来预测前后句可能存在的逻辑关系。
第三步: 回归原文，根据空格前后进行推理。在推理过程中，关注并列连词、转折连词、相同或相反句式等，排除一些选项，并结合上下文意，推断出可填选项。最后，也是很关键的一步，检查。将所填选项代入，通读全文，看上下文是否连贯，结构、语境、逻辑是否一致。
解题技能
代词分析法
逻辑关系法
结构分析法
高频词复现法
一 代词分析法
（2022年全国甲卷）
Imprtant Things t Knw When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise yu with sme f its imprtant rules. ___36 Dn’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant ___. Knwing sme tips will help ensure that yu have an enjyable meal with friends r family — n matter where yu are in the wrld.
Chpstick Rules
The way yu handle chpsticks is imprtant t avid annying yur cmpanins. When yu put them dwn between bites, always put them dwn tgether s they are parallel with the edge f the table in frnt f yu. ___37___.
A. The mre friends yu make in yur lifetime
B. The mre time yu spend in any given cuntry
C. Mexicans cnsider it inapprpriate t eat with utensils
D. Dn’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a gd sign fr the chef if yu make a mess arund yur plate
F. Never stick them upright in yur fd r crss them as yu use them
G. It may seem like a simple request t ask fr salt and pepper at a meal
37.【答案】F
【解析】根据本段小标题“Chpstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When yu put them dwn between bites, always put them dwn tgether s they are parallel with the edge f the table in frnt f yu. (当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright in yur fd r crss them as yu use them (不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chpsticks”。故选F。
二 逻辑分析法
并列/平行关系：and，als，as well as，neither nr，either r，nt als，n the ne the ther hand等。
顺承关系： first(ly), secnd(ly); first, then/next; t begin with, sme ... thers ...; fr ne thing, fr anther thing; then/next, finally/last等。
转折关系：but，Hwever，yet，thugh，nevertheless，while/thugh, n the cntrary, instead, still，in cntrast/cmparisn等。
因果关系：s, therefre, thus, cnsequently(结果), as a result (f), s/such ..., s that ...等。递进关系：t, als, besides, further, furthermre, mrever, likewise, similarly, what's mre, what's wrse, in additin, as well, t make matters wrse, nt ... but ..., nt nly ... but als等。
解释关系：fr example, fr instance, in fact/as a matter f fact, actually, in ther wrds/that is t say等。
并列关系
(2022年全国高考新高考I卷)
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasns t Thank Yur Wrkut Partner.” One reasn was: “Yu’ll actually shw up if yu knw smene is waiting fr yu at the gym, ” while anther read: “__36___” With a wrkut partner, yu will increase yur training effrt as there is a subtle (微妙) cmpetitin.
A. Yur first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A wrkut partner usually needs t live clse by.
C. Yu’ll wrk harder if yu train with smene else.
D. D yu want t be a better athlete in yur favrite sprt?
E. Hw can yu write a gd “seeking training partner” ntice?
F. Just accept yur differences and learn t wrk with each ther.
G. Any ntice fr a training partner shuld include such infrmatin.
【答案】C
【解析】
确定考查题型特点(段中句)。
根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasns t Thank Yur Wrkut Partne.” One reasn was: “Yu’ll actually shw up if yu knw smene is waiting fr yu at the gym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。”)”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。第一个理由是“Yu’ll … if”的结构，根据句式一致的原则，可优先看选项C。在根据句意，C选项正是另一个理由，所以选择项C “Yu'll wrk harder if yu train with smene else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。
代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为C。
顺承关系
(2020·新课标全国卷II = 1 \* ROMAN I) A husewarming party is a special party t be held when smene buys r mves int a new apartment r huse. The persn wh bught the huse r mved is the ne wh thrws the party. The party is a chance fr friends and family t cngratulate the persn n the new hme. 36． And it is gd time t fill the new space with lve and hpeful presents.
A．This isn’t usual thugh.
B．It is traditinal t bring a gift t a husewarming party.
C．Yu can als bring fd r drinks t share with the ther guests.
D．If yu’re lucky enugh t receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It als gives peple a chance t see what the new hme lks like.
F. The best husewarming parties encurage ld friends t get tgether.
G. This was s that the persn culd keep their hme warm fr the winter.
【答案】E
【解析】
确定考查题型特点(段中句)。
上句 The party is a chance fr friends and family t cngratulate the persn n the new hme.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句 And it is a gd time t fill the new space with lve and hpefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与上下句为顺承，故选E。
3.代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为E。
转折关系
（2022年全国甲卷）
Imprtant Things t Knw When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise yu with sme f its imprtant rules. ___36_Dn’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant__. Knwing sme tips will help ensure that yu have an enjyable meal with friends r family — n matter where yu are in the wrld.
Chpstick Rules
The way yu handle chpsticks is imprtant t avid annying yur cmpanins. When yu put them dwn between bites, always put them dwn tgether s they are parallel with the edge f the table in frnt f yu. ___37_Never stick them upright in yur fd r crss them as yu use them__.
Hands r Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s cnsidered very rude t eat with yur left hand. Peple in France expect yu t eat with a utensil in each hand. ___38___, instead preferring t use their hands. In Chile, yu may never tuch any fd with yur fingers. Peple in Thailand generally use their frks nly t push fd nt their spns.
A. The mre friends yu make in yur lifetime
B. The mre time yu spend in any given cuntry
C. Mexicans cnsider it inapprpriate t eat with utensils
D. Dn’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a gd sign fr the chef if yu make a mess arund yur plate
F. Never stick them upright in yur fd r crss them as yu use them
G. It may seem like a simple request t ask fr salt and pepper at a meal
【答案】C
【解析】
确定考查题型特点(段中句)。
根据本段小标题“Hands r Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In India and the Middle East, it’s cnsidered very rude t eat with yur left hand. Peple in France expect yu t eat with a utensil in each hand. (在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭)”及下文“instead preferring t use their hands (相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知，C项“Mexicans cnsider it inapprpriate t eat with utensils (墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。
代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为C。
因果关系
(2021年新课标全国卷II)
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.____36____S the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-flr apartment the size f a cupbard. It was s tiny that we had t leave ur suitcases in the hallway.
A. Nt all the custmers are turists.
B. The quality f life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a cmfrtable bed.
D. The amazing fd is mainly cnsumed by lcal farmers.
E. That’s nt the nly reasn the French eat less than we d.
F. Our aim was t see if we culd live, in sme way, like real Parisians.
G. The fd is s delicius that yu dn’t need much f it t make yu happy.
【答案】E
【解析】
确定考查题型特点(段中句)。
上文“My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.(我丈夫和我刚在巴黎待了一周)”说明了背景；下文“S the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-flr apartment the size f a cupbard.(所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大)”是空格处的结果，因此空格处需要填原因；根据F项“Our aim was t see if we culd live, in sme way, like real Parisians.(我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度上可以活的像巴黎人。)”可知，作者要在巴黎住下来，所以需要租房子，两句构成因果关系。故选F项。
代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为E。
解释关系
(2021·全国卷甲卷) ●Put different types f clthing n different surfaces in the rm.____19____. Place a few mirrrs arund yur rm s peple can see hw things lk when they try them n. One f the grund rules f the swap shuld be that everyne must try n the clthes befre they take them—things always lk different when yu put them n.
A. Less peple than that
B. Hld a clthing swap
C. If tw peple are cmpeting
D. Just keep music playing thrughut
E. Dnate whatever clthes are left ver
F Have everyne put their clthes in the right spts
G. Tell everyne t bring clean clthes in gd cnditin
【答案】E
【解析】
1.确定考查题型特点(段中句)。
2.根据上文“Put different types f clthing n different surfaces in the rm.”（把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方。）指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Place a few mirrrs arund yur rm s peple can see hw things lk when they try them n.”（在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。）提到了放置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里要做什么。F项“Have everyne put their clthes in the right spts.（让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上。）”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。故选F项。
3.代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为E。
三 结构分析法
观察文章结构
观察句子结构---设空处是否有逗号；
相似结构对比法
七选五通常是“总—分(—总)”结构，偶尔是“总—分—分”结构，把握住这个”总—分(—总)”的整体结构和段际关系，对于七选五类题的解答大有帮助。
段中句有时候会在设空处后面有逗号，则表明选项应当为从句或非独立简单句。
观察上下文句子中是否出现排比或同一句式。
（2022年全国甲卷）
...
Making Requests
___39 It may seem like a simple request t ask fr salt and pepper at a meal___. In Prtugal, this wuld be a serius mistake, because it shws the chef that yu dn’t like their seasning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask fr extra cheese t add t yur fd.
Sme f these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem randm and strange, but they are imprtant in varius cuntries. ___40___, the mre cmfrtable yu’ll begin t feel with its freign cultural practices.
A. The mre friends yu make in yur lifetime
B. The mre time yu spend in any given cuntry
C. Mexicans cnsider it inapprpriate t eat with utensils
D. Dn’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a gd sign fr the chef if yu make a mess arund yur plate
F. Never stick them upright in yur fd r crss them as yu use them
G. It may seem like a simple request t ask fr salt and pepper at a meal
【答案】B
【解析】
确定考查题型特点(段首句)。
分析上下文关系,找关键信息词。
根据下文“the mre cmfrtable yu’ll begin t feel with its freign cultural practices. (你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，B项“The mre time yu spend in any given cuntry (你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合文意，引出下文。
代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为B。
四 高频词复现法
利用上下文重复的关键词，其中包括同义词、原词和反义词的复现。
典例分析
放下
忘记
If yu’re a chrnic prcrastinatr (慢性拖延者), yu’re familiar with the pain and stress that ges hand in hand with leaving things t the last minute. Even if yu want t accmplish r finish a task, yu’re prbably having truble getting started in the first place! ____16There are several ways that can help yu.____
...
Tackle yur mst imprtant task fr 15 minutes. Instead f thinking abut the ttal number f hurs yu’re abut t wrk fr, just start. ____19____. This will deal with the fear factr, and yu'll likely spend much lnger than 15 minutes n yur task befre yu stp wrking again. ...
A．Write a t-d list t set gals first.
B．Break tasks dwn int small parts.
C．There are several ways that can help yu.
D．Stp punishing yurself fr prcrastinating.
E．Tell yurself yu’ve nly gt t d it fr 15 minutes.
F．Handle yur hardest thing n yur schedule right then.
G．Use that expectatin t push yurself thrugh the pain.
【答案】E
【解析】
确定考查形式(段中句)。
2.分析上下文关系,找关键信息词。本题可利用词汇复现法解题。根据段落主题句“Tackle yur mst imprtant task fr 15 minutes.( 用15分钟解决你最重要的任务。)”可知，本段介绍的方法是限制时间，E项中的“fr 15 minutes.”与主题句对应。
代入选项,通读全文,确定答案为E。
五 真题练一练
（2022年浙江卷6月）
Thse letters taught my children a valuable lessn abut writing: It has a purpse. Smetimes ur purpse is t achieve smething;ther times it may be t entertain, infrm, r persuade. ____12____ And when writing desn’t seem t have any purpse r get any kind f meaningful respnse, then it can be hard t get excited abut ding it.
Christmas is a great time f year fr children t cmmunicate with thers thrugh writing. When children write fr real audiences and real purpses, they can learn t chse their wrds accrdingly. ____13____ Yu write “Dear Santa” because yu dn’t knw him persnally and yu want t shw him respect.
It isn’t that these yung peple can’t write.
But it is always purpseful-r at least it shuld be.
The age f pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
As a result, each year they received smething they wanted.
Yu write “Hi Nanna and Pp” because yu are clse t them.
As technlgy develps, yung peple are writing mre than they ever have.
But if this is the nly kind f writing yung peple d, it will cause prblems.
【答案】 12．B 13．E
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述孩子们通过给圣诞老人写信暗示得到自己心仪的礼物，从而论证观点：人们写作都是带有某种目的的。
12．根据空前“Smetimes ur purpse is t achieve smething;ther times t may be t entertain, infrm, r persuade. (有时我们的目的是为了获得东西，有时可能是为了娱乐、告知或说服。)”可知，我们写作都是带着目的的。结合选项B“But it is always purpseful-r at least it shuld be. (但它总是有目的的——或者至少应该是这样。)”可知，前后语意一致，说明写作是带有目的的。故选B项。
13．根据空前“When children write fr real audiences and real purpses, they can learn t chse their wrds accrdingly. (当孩子们为真正的读者和真正的目的写作时，他们就能学会相应地选择用词。)”以及空后“Yu write “Dear Santa” because yu dn’t knw him persnally and yu want t shw him respect. (你写“亲爱的圣诞老人”是因为你不认识他，你想表达对他的尊重。)”可知，空后句和空前句之间是“理论——实践”的关系，由此可推知，空处也应为具体的实践。结合选项E“Yu write “Hi Nanna and Pp” because yu are clse t them. (你写“嗨，奶奶和爸爸”，因为你和他们很亲近。)”可知，符合这一逻辑。而且和空后结构一致。故选E项。
2.（2021年新高考I卷）
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.____36____S the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-flr apartment the size f a cupbard. It was s tiny that we had t leave ur suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, thugh. Unlike a nrmal Parisian apartment, the plumbing ( 水 管 ) wrked. ____37____Our building even had a tiny lift with a female vice that said, “Ouverture des prtes,” in perfect French. That is the nly French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I dn’t have much use fr it.
Parisians are different frm yu and me. They never lk lazy r untidy. As smene nted in this paper a cuple f weeks ag, they eat great fd and never gain weight. ____38____ French strawberries d nt taste like cardbard. Instead, they explde in yur muth like little flavr bmbs.
____39____ On ur first mrning in Paris, I went arund the crner t the fd market t pick up sme grceries. I bught a handful f perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet meln. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cst $18!
In France, quality f life is much mre imprtant than efficiency.
Yu can tell this by cafés life French cafés are always crwded.____40____When d these peple wrk? The French take their 35-hur wrkweek seriusly — s seriusly that sme labr unins recently struck a deal with a grup f cmpanies limiting the number f hurs that independent cntractrs can be n call.
A. Nt all the custmers are turists.
B. The quality f life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a cmfrtable bed.
D. The amazing fd is mainly cnsumed by lcal farmers.
E. That’s nt the nly reasn the French eat less than we d.
F. Our aim was t see if we culd live, in sme way, like real Parisians.
G. The fd is s delicius that yu dn’t need much f it t make yu happy.
【答案】FCGEA
【文章大意】作者通过亲身体验，感受了法国高品质的生活：高级公寓，美味食物，舒缓的生活节奏和每周35小时的工作时间。
36.【答案】 F
【解析】考查段中空。解题语句：前后句。分析题目可知，空后的S表明该空与空后句为因果逻辑关系，又根据空前句作者夫妇在法国度过了一周，可知，他们的目的是想体验法国当地人的生活，所以他们租了一间公寓。故选F。
37.【答案】 C
【解析】考查段中空。解题语句：前后句。分析题目可知，空前的plumbing，空后的building, lift是在介绍作者夫妇租住的公寓，与C选项中的kitchen和bed为同话题词复现。故选C。
38.【答案】 G
【解析】考查段中空。解题语句：空前句。分析题目可知，空前一句eat great fd and never gain weight与G选项中s delicius that yu dn't need much f it构成同义替换。故选G。
39.【答案】 E
【解析】考查段首空。解题语句：空后句。分析题目可知，前文提到法国人与你我不同之处在于他们吃的食物很精致，摄入量很少，所以他们的体重不会增加，空后提到作者夫妇的一次经历，通过But they cst ＄18可知法国的食物很贵，这也是法国人食物摄入量少的另外一个原因。故选E。
40.【答案】 A
【解析】考查段中空。解题语句：前后句。分析题目可知，空前always crwded提到咖啡馆里人很多，且French cafés与A选项中的custmers为同话题词复现，又根据空后When d these peple wrk？以及The French可知咖啡馆的顾客中不光有游客，也有法国当地人。故选A。
3.（2021年全国甲卷）
Swap, Dn’t shp!
Yu keep hearing abut recycling, right? But it desn't end with bttles, cans, and paper. Clthing takes a huge amunt f natural resurces（资源）t make, and buying lads f new clthing（r thrwing ut ld clthing）is nt healthy fr the envirnment. S what t d with all thse perfectly-gd-but-yu're-maybe-a-little-sick-f-them clthes piled n yur bedrm flr? ____16____. It's the best way t get rid f yur used clthes, scre clthes frm yur friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends n the selectin f clthes, the rganizatin f the event, and, bviusly, hw much fun is had. It's really easy t d! Here are a few pinters.
●Invite 5—10 peple s yu have a nice selectin. ____17____ , and there may nt be enugh things t chse frm; mre than that, and it becmes uncntrllable.
●____18____. They shuld als prepare plenty f reusable bags t carry their "new" clthes hme.
●Put different types f clthing n different surfaces in the rm.____19____. Place a few mirrrs arund yur rm s peple can see hw things lk when they try them n. One f the grund rules f the swap shuld be that everyne must try n the clthes befre they take them—things always lk different when yu put them n.
●Set a starting time. Maybe yu say “g,” r turn n a certain sng, r whatever. ____20____. And dn't frget t put ut sme ckies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less peple than that
B. Hld a clthing swap
C. If tw peple are cmpeting
D. Just keep music playing thrughut
E. Dnate whatever clthes are left ver
F Have everyne put their clthes in the right spts
Tell everyne t bring clean clthes in gd cnditin
【文章大意】：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何进行旧衣服的分类和处理，以使衣服得到循环利用。
16.【答案】 B
【解析】考查过渡句。空后句意为这是最好的方法摆脱你的旧衣服，得分从你的朋友，并有一个聚会，所有在同一时间。此空前一句作者提出问题：那么如何处理那些状况良好但你又不喜欢的堆在卧室地板上的衣服呢？再结合下一段开头 "A successful swap一个成功的交换" ，故这里答案选B（举办服装交换派对）。
17.【答案】 A
【解析】考查过渡句。根据分号后面的句式 "mre than that, and…" , 说明空格应该选和其一致的句式， "Less peple than that" 正好对应了此句式。带入验证，翻译：人比这少，可能没有足够的东西可供选择；不仅如此，它变得无法控制。可知正符合。故选A。
18.【答案】 G
【解析】考查开头句。根据空后 "They shuld als prepare plenty f reusable bags t carry their "new" clthes hme. " 他们还应该准备大量可重复使用的袋子，把 "新" 衣服带回家。从als可以得知，大家应该把衣服带来，故选G。
19.【答案】 F
【解析】考查过渡句。空前句意为把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方。空后句意为在你的房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们在试穿时就能看到东西的样子。由此推之，这里应该是让大家把各自的衣服放在房间合适的地方，故选F。
20.【答案】 D
【解析】考查过渡句。此空前一句意为 "或许你可以说开始或者打开某首歌曲或者别的什么"。由此可以推之，这里应该是把音乐循环播放。故选D。
4.（2021年全国乙卷）
Accrding t Jessica Hagy, authr f Hw t Be Interesting, it’s nt difficult t make yurself interesting at a dinner party.
___36___, if yu’re ut f yur cmfrt zne r if yu’re wandering int smebdy’s huse fr the first time. S the main thing is just t shw up and be adventurus, trying different fds and talking t strangers.
Peple lve t talk abut themselves. If yu can start the cnversatin with a questin ther than “What d yu d fr a living?”, yu’ll be able t get a lt mre interesting cnversatin ut f whmever it is yu’re talking t. ___37___, it can bring in “I have this ld, brken-dwn vehicle” r “I rde the bus with these crazy peple wh were laughing at silly jkes in the back.” It just pens up cnversatin.
___38___? If yu can’t take their wine away, yu shuld certainly try t take away their sapbx （讲台）. If yu’re the hst, yu can ask them t help yu in the kitchen with smething and just remve them frm the situatin.___39___.
And what abut that ther dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If yu’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the nly thing that always gets everyne talking again is t give the hst a cmpliment（赞扬）. ___40___. Just quickly turn arund and say, “This cake is extremely delicius and yu have t tell me all abut it.”
S being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A. Hw d yu knw the hst
B. The first step is t g explring
C. If yu ask the questin “Hw did yu get here?”
D. Be prepared t have awkward cnversatins with strangers
E. Or turn the cnversatin int a tpic where they have little t say
F. What abut that persn wh had t much t drink r wn’t stp talking
G. He r she is the persn wh is feeling the weight f that awkwardness the mst
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. F 39. E 40. G
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在宴会上如何使自己变得有趣、避免尴尬和沉默的一些具体做法，如积极地提出问题，赞美主人等。
36.【答案】 B
【解析】考查段首空。解题语句：空后段落内容。分析题目可知，空后的内容ut f yur cmfrt zne, shw up and be adventurus与B选项中g explring构成同义替换。故选B。
37.【答案】 C
【解析】考查段中空。解题语句：空后一句。分析题目可知，空后vehicle和bus均为交通方式，又结合前文start the cnversatin with a questin可知，该空应为提问客人是如何到达的。故选C。
38.【答案】 F
【解析】考查段首空。解题语句：空后一句。分析题目可知，空后一句can't take their wine away与F选项中t much t drink构成同义替换以及take away their sapbx与F选项中wn't stp talking构成同义替换。故选F。
39.【答案】 E
【解析】考查段尾空。解题语句：空前一句。分析题目可知，前文if yu're the hst, yu can…是在对应付饮酒过量或话很多的一类人提出的一种处理方式，E选项… where they have little t say是在提出另外一种解决方式。故选E。
40.【答案】 G
【解析】考查段中空。解题语句：空前一句。分析题目可知，前文提到碰到大家都沉默的情况下，缓解尴尬的方式是对主人提出赞扬，空后给出具体方式。空前awkward silence与G选项awkwardness构成同义替换，G选项中He r she指代前文hst。故选G。
5.（2021年6月浙江卷）
Yu've gt mail…and it's a pstcard
Paul Magalhaes, a 34-year-ld Prtuguese cmputer engineer, lves t pen his mailbx and find a brightly clred picture f Rme's Clsseum. Or Africa's Victria Falls. Or China's Great Wall. ___11___
"I ften send pstcards t family and friends." he says t China Daily, "but yu can imagine that after a while, yu never receive as many as yu send, and yu realize that nt everyne is int it ___12___ ” Seeking ther like-minded suls, hwever, Paul started lking in a smewhat unlikely place: nline. Many wuld say the Internet is a place fr peple wh have given up n the traditinal pstal service, but Paul's hunch（直觉）paid ff.
Language is certainly a harrier fr many peple. Fr pstcrssing t wrk wrldwide, a cmmn cmmunicatin language is needed s that everyne can understand each ther. As cl as it may be t receive a pstcard written in Chinese, the cncept desn't wrk if ne desn't understand it. ___14___ S a cmmn language is required and in pstcrssing that's English since it's widely spken.
"Many peple in China have limited expsure t English. ___15___ That said, we knw f many pstcrssing members, including Chinese, wh have actually imprved their English skills thrugh their use f pstcrssing," Paul says.
A. And that's ttally fine
B. That makes it extra hard t learn and practice it
C. He likes t think f sending pstcards as a family-friendly hbby
D. Many lve t make a cnnectin with smene frm acrss the wrld.
E. On August 5, the number f pstcards exchanged by members tpped 31 millin.
F. Similarly, if yu speak nly Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part f the fun away.
G. In shrt, he lves pstcards, and the excitement f getting a hand-written nte frm smene far away.
【答案】11. G 12. A 13. E 14. F 15. B
【文章大意】一位热爱明信片的电脑工程师把这项热爱发展成了他的全职事业，并介绍了一些写明信片的困难和益处。
11【答案】 G
【解析】考查与上文的联系。前文以具体形象的例子表现主人公对明信片的喜爱：lves pen…and find a brightly clred picture f…，r…r…，这些brightly clred pictures正是明信片。因此，下一句进行总结。In shrt简言之，就是上文的概括，概括为lves pstcards and the excitement…喜欢明信片，喜欢收到远方朋友手写卡片的兴奋感。故选G项。
12 【答案】 A
【解析】考查前后文联系。上文说 "你意识到并不是每个人都喜欢明信片"，下文说 "寻找其他志同道合的人……" 表示主人公接受上文所讲事实，然后才能和有共同兴趣的人继续自己的爱好。A项 "这完全没问题" 正是表示主人公接受这一点。故选A项。
13 【答案】 E
【解析】考查段落主旨和前后文联系。全段都在写主人公将自己的爱好发展成了一个成功的社交网站。前文的各项数据也和E项的数据衔接自然，都是在介绍这个网站的成功；同时，这些数据的量都很大，使得空白后 "运营这个网站几乎成了全职工作" 成为必然的结果。故选E项。
14 【答案】 F
【解析】考查段落主旨和前后文联系。全段都在写对于写明信片来说，语言可能是一个障碍。4空前是具体的论据 "尽管收到一封用中文写的明信片很酷，但如果收信人不理解中文的话，这个明信片就没什么意义" 。紧接着加F项 "类似地，如果你只讲中文，收到一封瑞典语的明信片也会让乐趣大打折扣" 同样都是对段落主旨的论证，而在衔接上用了similarly也很自然，故选F项。
15 【答案】 B
【解析】考查与上文的联系。前文说 "很多中国人对英语的接触有限"，这导致用英语写明信片比较难，正是B项所说 "那使得学习和练习写英语明信片尤其得难"。选项中That指代上文的句子；而句尾的it指代上一段段尾句English is required in pstcrssing。B项与上文衔接紧密，故选B项。
6.（2020年新课标Ⅰ）
A Few Tips fr Self-Acceptance
We all want it t accept and lve urselves. But at times it seems t difficult and t far ut f reach. ___36___ Here’s a handful f ways that will set yu in the right directin.
●___37___ D nt fllw the peple wh make yu feel nt-gd-enugh. Why d yu fllw them? Are yu hping that eventually yu will feel empwered because yur life is better than theirs? Knw that yur life is yur wn;yu are the nly yu in this wrld.
●Frgive yurself fr mistakes that yu have made. We are ften ashamed f ur shrtcmings, ur mistakes and ur failures. ___38___ Yu will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in hw yu culd have dne better, why nt ffer yurself a cmpassinate (有同情心) respnse? ＂That didn’t g as planned. But, I tried my best.＂
●Recgnize all f yur strengths. Write them dwn in a jurnal. Begin t train yur brain t lk at strength befre weakness. List all f yur accmplishments and achievements. Yu have a jb, earned yur degree, and yu gt ut f bed tday. ___39___
●Nw that yu’ve listed yur strengths, list yur imperfectins. Turn the page in yur jurnal. Put int wrds why yu feel unwrthy, why yu dn’t feel gd enugh. Nw, read these wrds back t yurself. ___40___ Turn t a page in yur jurnal t yur list f strengths and achievements. See hw awesme yu are?
A. Feeling upset again?
B. Where d yu start?
C. Nthing is t small t celebrate.
D. Remember, yu are nly human.
E. Set an intentin fr self-acceptance.
F. Stp cmparing yurself with thers.
G. When des the cmparisn game start?
【答案】36. B 37. F 38. D 39. C 40. A
36.【答案】 B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了几种方法，让人能正视自己，接受自己。考查上下文联系。上文句意：我们都想要接受自己，爱自己，但是有的时候这太难实现了。下文句意：下面是几个方法让你能找到正确的方向。B项句意：你从哪开始呢？分析文章结构，上文提出人们所面临的问题，下文提出解决办法，中间句子承上启下。故答案为B。
37.【答案】 F
【解析】考查上下文联系。此空是段落小标题。下文句意：不要跟着那些让你觉得不够好的人。可知本段说不要盲目追随他人，自己是独一无二的。F项句意：停止把自己和别人做对比。符合题意，故答案为：F。
38.【答案】 D
【解析】考查上下文联系。上文句意：我们常常因为自己的短处，错误和失败而感到羞愧。 下文句意：你时不时会犯错。根据下文时不时会犯错，可知犯错是不可避免的，要学会接受自己，不要把自己想象成十全十美的神。D项句意：记住，你只是一个人。符合题意，故答案为D。
39.【答案】 C
【解析】考查上下文联系。上文句意：列出你的成就。你有工作，你获得了学位，你今天起床了。上文是列出了自己完成的事情，哪怕是起床这样的小事，可知是让人从小事中接受自己，认可自己的成就。C项句意：小事也值得庆祝，符合题意，故答案为C。
40.【答案】 A
【解析】考查上下文联系。上文句意：现在你列出了你的优点，你的不完美。翻开你的日记，想一想你为什么感觉不值得，你为什么感到自己不够好？下文句意：翻开日记本中的一页，到你的优势和成就列表。看看你有多棒？A项句意：又觉得心烦了？承接下文，翻看自己的优势和成就，在自己心烦沮丧的时候鼓励自己，A项符合题意， 故答案为A。
备考2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测--讲练
命题解读
“七选五”题型中的段中设空的题目即为主题句的展开句。此种题要注意分析前后的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，注意句子之间的衔接手法。当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的街接关系。
考点特征
设空在段中，通常有如下三种情况：
解释、引申、例证：对前面的论点或观点加以解释、引申或例证。
建议性语句：作者提出的解决问题的方法、措施或步骤。
句子间的过渡语句：为使上下文语意承接、转换自然。
解题步骤
第一步: 浏览全文，做出预判。同时理清全文的结构，了解文章大意，关注每个空格的位置。
一般来说，小标题类的文章是按总分结构或者总分总结构叙述的。段首句主要起主旨句或者承上启下的作用。段中句用来承上启下或者解释说明。段尾句用来总结全文或者提出希望。
第二步: 分析选项，尤其根据选项中的代词、连词等来预测前后句可能存在的逻辑关系。
第三步: 回归原文，根据空格前后进行推理。在推理过程中，关注并列连词、转折连词、相同或相反句式等，排除一些选项，并结合上下文意，推断出可填选项。最后，也是很关键的一步，检查。将所填选项代入，通读全文，看上下文是否连贯，结构、语境、逻辑是否一致。
解题技能
代词分析法
逻辑关系法
结构分析法
高频词复现法
一 代词分析法
（2022年全国甲卷）
Imprtant Things t Knw When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise yu with sme f its imprtant rules. ___36 Dn’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant ___. Knwing sme tips will help ensure that yu have an enjyable meal with friends r family — n matter where yu are in the wrld.
Chpstick Rules
The way yu handle chpsticks is imprtant t avid annying yur cmpanins. When yu put them dwn between bites, always put them dwn tgether s they are parallel with the edge f the table in frnt f yu. ___37___.
A. The mre friends yu make in yur lifetime
B. The mre time yu spend in any given cuntry
C. Mexicans cnsider it inapprpriate t eat with utensils
D. Dn’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a gd sign fr the chef if yu make a mess arund yur plate
F. Never stick them upright in yur fd r crss them as yu use them
G. It may seem like a simple request t ask fr salt and pepper at a meal
37.【答案】F
【解析】根据本段小标题“Chpstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When yu put them dwn between bites, always put them dwn tgether s they are parallel with the edge f the table in frnt f yu. (当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright in yur fd r crss them as yu use them (不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chpsticks”。故选F。
二 逻辑分析法
并列/平行关系：and，als，as well as，neither nr，either r，nt als，n the ne the ther hand等。
顺承关系： first(ly), secnd(ly); first, then/next; t begin with, sme ... thers ...; fr ne thing, fr anther thing; then/next, finally/last等。
转折关系：but，Hwever，yet，thugh，nevertheless，while/thugh, n the cntrary, instead, still，in cntrast/cmparisn等。
因果关系：s, therefre, thus, cnsequently(结果), as a result (f), s/such ..., s that ...等。递进关系：t, als, besides, further, furthermre, mrever, likewise, similarly, what's mre, what's wrse, in additin, as well, t make matters wrse, nt ... but ..., nt nly ... but als等。
解释关系：fr example, fr instance, in fact/as a matter f fact, actually, in ther wrds/that is t say等。
并列关系
(2022年全国高考新高考I卷)
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasns t Thank Yur Wrkut Partner.” One reasn was: “Yu’ll actually shw up if yu knw smene is waiting fr yu at the gym, ” while anther read: “__36___” With a wrkut partner, yu will increase yur training effrt as there is a subtle (微妙) cmpetitin.
A. Yur first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A wrkut partner usually needs t live clse by.
C. Yu’ll wrk harder if yu train with smene else.
D. D yu want t be a better athlete in yur favrite sprt?
E. Hw can yu write a gd “seeking training partner” ntice?
F. Just accept yur differences and learn t wrk with each ther.
G. Any ntice fr a training partner shuld include such infrmatin.
【答案】C
【解析】
确定考查题型特点(段中句)。
根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasns t Thank Yur Wrkut Partne.” One reasn was: “Yu’ll actually shw up if yu knw smene is waiting fr yu at the gym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。”)”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。第一个理由是“Yu’ll … if”的结构，根据句式一致的原则，可优先看选项C。在根据句意，C选项正是另一个理由，所以选择项C “Yu'll wrk harder if yu train with smene else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。
代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为C。
顺承关系
(2020·新课标全国卷II = 1 \* ROMAN I) A husewarming party is a special party t be held when smene buys r mves int a new apartment r huse. The persn wh bught the huse r mved is the ne wh thrws the party. The party is a chance fr friends and family t cngratulate the persn n the new hme. 36． And it is gd time t fill the new space with lve and hpeful presents.
A．This isn’t usual thugh.
B．It is traditinal t bring a gift t a husewarming party.
C．Yu can als bring fd r drinks t share with the ther guests.
D．If yu’re lucky enugh t receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It als gives peple a chance t see what the new hme lks like.
F. The best husewarming parties encurage ld friends t get tgether.
G. This was s that the persn culd keep their hme warm fr the winter.
【答案】E
【解析】
确定考查题型特点(段中句)。
上句 The party is a chance fr friends and family t cngratulate the persn n the new hme.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句 And it is a gd time t fill the new space with lve and hpefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与上下句为顺承，故选E。
3.代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为E。
转折关系
（2022年全国甲卷）
Imprtant Things t Knw When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise yu with sme f its imprtant rules. ___36_Dn’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant__. Knwing sme tips will help ensure that yu have an enjyable meal with friends r family — n matter where yu are in the wrld.
Chpstick Rules
The way yu handle chpsticks is imprtant t avid annying yur cmpanins. When yu put them dwn between bites, always put them dwn tgether s they are parallel with the edge f the table in frnt f yu. ___37_Never stick them upright in yur fd r crss them as yu use them__.
Hands r Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s cnsidered very rude t eat with yur left hand. Peple in France expect yu t eat with a utensil in each hand. ___38___, instead preferring t use their hands. In Chile, yu may never tuch any fd with yur fingers. Peple in Thailand generally use their frks nly t push fd nt their spns.
A. The mre friends yu make in yur lifetime
B. The mre time yu spend in any given cuntry
C. Mexicans cnsider it inapprpriate t eat with utensils
D. Dn’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a gd sign fr the chef if yu make a mess arund yur plate
F. Never stick them upright in yur fd r crss them as yu use them
G. It may seem like a simple request t ask fr salt and pepper at a meal
【答案】C
【解析】
确定考查题型特点(段中句)。
根据本段小标题“Hands r Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In India and the Middle East, it’s cnsidered very rude t eat with yur left hand. Peple in France expect yu t eat with a utensil in each hand. (在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭)”及下文“instead preferring t use their hands (相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知，C项“Mexicans cnsider it inapprpriate t eat with utensils (墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。
代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为C。
因果关系
(2021年新课标全国卷II)
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.____36____S the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-flr apartment the size f a cupbard. It was s tiny that we had t leave ur suitcases in the hallway.
A. Nt all the custmers are turists.
B. The quality f life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a cmfrtable bed.
D. The amazing fd is mainly cnsumed by lcal farmers.
E. That’s nt the nly reasn the French eat less than we d.
F. Our aim was t see if we culd live, in sme way, like real Parisians.
G. The fd is s delicius that yu dn’t need much f it t make yu happy.
【答案】E
【解析】
确定考查题型特点(段中句)。
上文“My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.(我丈夫和我刚在巴黎待了一周)”说明了背景；下文“S the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-flr apartment the size f a cupbard.(所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大)”是空格处的结果，因此空格处需要填原因；根据F项“Our aim was t see if we culd live, in sme way, like real Parisians.(我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度上可以活的像巴黎人。)”可知，作者要在巴黎住下来，所以需要租房子，两句构成因果关系。故选F项。
代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为E。
解释关系
(2021·全国卷甲卷) ●Put different types f clthing n different surfaces in the rm.____19____. Place a few mirrrs arund yur rm s peple can see hw things lk when they try them n. One f the grund rules f the swap shuld be that everyne must try n the clthes befre they take them—things always lk different when yu put them n.
A. Less peple than that
B. Hld a clthing swap
C. If tw peple are cmpeting
D. Just keep music playing thrughut
E. Dnate whatever clthes are left ver
F Have everyne put their clthes in the right spts
G. Tell everyne t bring clean clthes in gd cnditin
【答案】E
【解析】
1.确定考查题型特点(段中句)。
2.根据上文“Put different types f clthing n different surfaces in the rm.”（把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方。）指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Place a few mirrrs arund yur rm s peple can see hw things lk when they try them n.”（在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。）提到了放置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里要做什么。F项“Have everyne put their clthes in the right spts.（让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上。）”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。故选F项。
3.代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为E。
三 结构分析法
观察文章结构
观察句子结构---设空处是否有逗号；
相似结构对比法
七选五通常是“总—分(—总)”结构，偶尔是“总—分—分”结构，把握住这个”总—分(—总)”的整体结构和段际关系，对于七选五类题的解答大有帮助。
段中句有时候会在设空处后面有逗号，则表明选项应当为从句或非独立简单句。
观察上下文句子中是否出现排比或同一句式。
（2022年全国甲卷）
...
Making Requests
___39 It may seem like a simple request t ask fr salt and pepper at a meal___. In Prtugal, this wuld be a serius mistake, because it shws the chef that yu dn’t like their seasning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask fr extra cheese t add t yur fd.
Sme f these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem randm and strange, but they are imprtant in varius cuntries. ___40___, the mre cmfrtable yu’ll begin t feel with its freign cultural practices.
A. The mre friends yu make in yur lifetime
B. The mre time yu spend in any given cuntry
C. Mexicans cnsider it inapprpriate t eat with utensils
D. Dn’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a gd sign fr the chef if yu make a mess arund yur plate
F. Never stick them upright in yur fd r crss them as yu use them
G. It may seem like a simple request t ask fr salt and pepper at a meal
【答案】B
【解析】
确定考查题型特点(段首句)。
分析上下文关系,找关键信息词。
根据下文“the mre cmfrtable yu’ll begin t feel with its freign cultural practices. (你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，B项“The mre time yu spend in any given cuntry (你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合文意，引出下文。
代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为B。
四 高频词复现法
利用上下文重复的关键词，其中包括同义词、原词和反义词的复现。
典例分析
放下
忘记
If yu’re a chrnic prcrastinatr (慢性拖延者), yu’re familiar with the pain and stress that ges hand in hand with leaving things t the last minute. Even if yu want t accmplish r finish a task, yu’re prbably having truble getting started in the first place! ____16There are several ways that can help yu.____
...
Tackle yur mst imprtant task fr 15 minutes. Instead f thinking abut the ttal number f hurs yu’re abut t wrk fr, just start. ____19____. This will deal with the fear factr, and yu'll likely spend much lnger than 15 minutes n yur task befre yu stp wrking again. ...
A．Write a t-d list t set gals first.
B．Break tasks dwn int small parts.
C．There are several ways that can help yu.
D．Stp punishing yurself fr prcrastinating.
E．Tell yurself yu’ve nly gt t d it fr 15 minutes.
F．Handle yur hardest thing n yur schedule right then.
G．Use that expectatin t push yurself thrugh the pain.
【答案】E
【解析】
确定考查形式(段中句)。
2.分析上下文关系,找关键信息词。本题可利用词汇复现法解题。根据段落主题句“Tackle yur mst imprtant task fr 15 minutes.( 用15分钟解决你最重要的任务。)”可知，本段介绍的方法是限制时间，E项中的“fr 15 minutes.”与主题句对应。
代入选项,通读全文,确定答案为E。
五 真题练一练
（2022年浙江卷6月）
Thse letters taught my children a valuable lessn abut writing: It has a purpse. Smetimes ur purpse is t achieve smething;ther times it may be t entertain, infrm, r persuade. ____12____ And when writing desn’t seem t have any purpse r get any kind f meaningful respnse, then it can be hard t get excited abut ding it.
Christmas is a great time f year fr children t cmmunicate with thers thrugh writing. When children write fr real audiences and real purpses, they can learn t chse their wrds accrdingly. ____13____ Yu write “Dear Santa” because yu dn’t knw him persnally and yu want t shw him respect.
It isn’t that these yung peple can’t write.
But it is always purpseful-r at least it shuld be.
The age f pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
As a result, each year they received smething they wanted.
Yu write “Hi Nanna and Pp” because yu are clse t them.
As technlgy develps, yung peple are writing mre than they ever have.
But if this is the nly kind f writing yung peple d, it will cause prblems.
【答案】 12．B 13．E
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述孩子们通过给圣诞老人写信暗示得到自己心仪的礼物，从而论证观点：人们写作都是带有某种目的的。
12．根据空前“Smetimes ur purpse is t achieve smething;ther times t may be t entertain, infrm, r persuade. (有时我们的目的是为了获得东西，有时可能是为了娱乐、告知或说服。)”可知，我们写作都是带着目的的。结合选项B“But it is always purpseful-r at least it shuld be. (但它总是有目的的——或者至少应该是这样。)”可知，前后语意一致，说明写作是带有目的的。故选B项。
13．根据空前“When children write fr real audiences and real purpses, they can learn t chse their wrds accrdingly. (当孩子们为真正的读者和真正的目的写作时，他们就能学会相应地选择用词。)”以及空后“Yu write “Dear Santa” because yu dn’t knw him persnally and yu want t shw him respect. (你写“亲爱的圣诞老人”是因为你不认识他，你想表达对他的尊重。)”可知，空后句和空前句之间是“理论——实践”的关系，由此可推知，空处也应为具体的实践。结合选项E“Yu write “Hi Nanna and Pp” because yu are clse t them. (你写“嗨，奶奶和爸爸”，因为你和他们很亲近。)”可知，符合这一逻辑。而且和空后结构一致。故选E项。
2.（2021年新高考I卷）
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.____36____S the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-flr apartment the size f a cupbard. It was s tiny that we had t leave ur suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, thugh. Unlike a nrmal Parisian apartment, the plumbing ( 水 管 ) wrked. ____37____Our building even had a tiny lift with a female vice that said, “Ouverture des prtes,” in perfect French. That is the nly French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I dn’t have much use fr it.
Parisians are different frm yu and me. They never lk lazy r untidy. As smene nted in this paper a cuple f weeks ag, they eat great fd and never gain weight. ____38____ French strawberries d nt taste like cardbard. Instead, they explde in yur muth like little flavr bmbs.
____39____ On ur first mrning in Paris, I went arund the crner t the fd market t pick up sme grceries. I bught a handful f perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet meln. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cst $18!
In France, quality f life is much mre imprtant than efficiency.
Yu can tell this by cafés life French cafés are always crwded.____40____When d these peple wrk? The French take their 35-hur wrkweek seriusly — s seriusly that sme labr unins recently struck a deal with a grup f cmpanies limiting the number f hurs that independent cntractrs can be n call.
A. Nt all the custmers are turists.
B. The quality f life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a cmfrtable bed.
D. The amazing fd is mainly cnsumed by lcal farmers.
E. That’s nt the nly reasn the French eat less than we d.
F. Our aim was t see if we culd live, in sme way, like real Parisians.
G. The fd is s delicius that yu dn’t need much f it t make yu happy.
【答案】FCGEA
【文章大意】作者通过亲身体验，感受了法国高品质的生活：高级公寓，美味食物，舒缓的生活节奏和每周35小时的工作时间。
36.【答案】 F
【解析】考查段中空。解题语句：前后句。分析题目可知，空后的S表明该空与空后句为因果逻辑关系，又根据空前句作者夫妇在法国度过了一周，可知，他们的目的是想体验法国当地人的生活，所以他们租了一间公寓。故选F。
37.【答案】 C
【解析】考查段中空。解题语句：前后句。分析题目可知，空前的plumbing，空后的building, lift是在介绍作者夫妇租住的公寓，与C选项中的kitchen和bed为同话题词复现。故选C。
38.【答案】 G
【解析】考查段中空。解题语句：空前句。分析题目可知，空前一句eat great fd and never gain weight与G选项中s delicius that yu dn't need much f it构成同义替换。故选G。
39.【答案】 E
【解析】考查段首空。解题语句：空后句。分析题目可知，前文提到法国人与你我不同之处在于他们吃的食物很精致，摄入量很少，所以他们的体重不会增加，空后提到作者夫妇的一次经历，通过But they cst ＄18可知法国的食物很贵，这也是法国人食物摄入量少的另外一个原因。故选E。
40.【答案】 A
【解析】考查段中空。解题语句：前后句。分析题目可知，空前always crwded提到咖啡馆里人很多，且French cafés与A选项中的custmers为同话题词复现，又根据空后When d these peple wrk？以及The French可知咖啡馆的顾客中不光有游客，也有法国当地人。故选A。
3.（2021年全国甲卷）
Swap, Dn’t shp!
Yu keep hearing abut recycling, right? But it desn't end with bttles, cans, and paper. Clthing takes a huge amunt f natural resurces（资源）t make, and buying lads f new clthing（r thrwing ut ld clthing）is nt healthy fr the envirnment. S what t d with all thse perfectly-gd-but-yu're-maybe-a-little-sick-f-them clthes piled n yur bedrm flr? ____16____. It's the best way t get rid f yur used clthes, scre clthes frm yur friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends n the selectin f clthes, the rganizatin f the event, and, bviusly, hw much fun is had. It's really easy t d! Here are a few pinters.
●Invite 5—10 peple s yu have a nice selectin. ____17____ , and there may nt be enugh things t chse frm; mre than that, and it becmes uncntrllable.
●____18____. They shuld als prepare plenty f reusable bags t carry their "new" clthes hme.
●Put different types f clthing n different surfaces in the rm.____19____. Place a few mirrrs arund yur rm s peple can see hw things lk when they try them n. One f the grund rules f the swap shuld be that everyne must try n the clthes befre they take them—things always lk different when yu put them n.
●Set a starting time. Maybe yu say “g,” r turn n a certain sng, r whatever. ____20____. And dn't frget t put ut sme ckies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less peple than that
B. Hld a clthing swap
C. If tw peple are cmpeting
D. Just keep music playing thrughut
E. Dnate whatever clthes are left ver
F Have everyne put their clthes in the right spts
Tell everyne t bring clean clthes in gd cnditin
【文章大意】：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何进行旧衣服的分类和处理，以使衣服得到循环利用。
16.【答案】 B
【解析】考查过渡句。空后句意为这是最好的方法摆脱你的旧衣服，得分从你的朋友，并有一个聚会，所有在同一时间。此空前一句作者提出问题：那么如何处理那些状况良好但你又不喜欢的堆在卧室地板上的衣服呢？再结合下一段开头 "A successful swap一个成功的交换" ，故这里答案选B（举办服装交换派对）。
17.【答案】 A
【解析】考查过渡句。根据分号后面的句式 "mre than that, and…" , 说明空格应该选和其一致的句式， "Less peple than that" 正好对应了此句式。带入验证，翻译：人比这少，可能没有足够的东西可供选择；不仅如此，它变得无法控制。可知正符合。故选A。
18.【答案】 G
【解析】考查开头句。根据空后 "They shuld als prepare plenty f reusable bags t carry their "new" clthes hme. " 他们还应该准备大量可重复使用的袋子，把 "新" 衣服带回家。从als可以得知，大家应该把衣服带来，故选G。
19.【答案】 F
【解析】考查过渡句。空前句意为把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方。空后句意为在你的房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们在试穿时就能看到东西的样子。由此推之，这里应该是让大家把各自的衣服放在房间合适的地方，故选F。
20.【答案】 D
【解析】考查过渡句。此空前一句意为 "或许你可以说开始或者打开某首歌曲或者别的什么"。由此可以推之，这里应该是把音乐循环播放。故选D。
4.（2021年全国乙卷）
Accrding t Jessica Hagy, authr f Hw t Be Interesting, it’s nt difficult t make yurself interesting at a dinner party.
___36___, if yu’re ut f yur cmfrt zne r if yu’re wandering int smebdy’s huse fr the first time. S the main thing is just t shw up and be adventurus, trying different fds and talking t strangers.
Peple lve t talk abut themselves. If yu can start the cnversatin with a questin ther than “What d yu d fr a living?”, yu’ll be able t get a lt mre interesting cnversatin ut f whmever it is yu’re talking t. ___37___, it can bring in “I have this ld, brken-dwn vehicle” r “I rde the bus with these crazy peple wh were laughing at silly jkes in the back.” It just pens up cnversatin.
___38___? If yu can’t take their wine away, yu shuld certainly try t take away their sapbx （讲台）. If yu’re the hst, yu can ask them t help yu in the kitchen with smething and just remve them frm the situatin.___39___.
And what abut that ther dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If yu’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the nly thing that always gets everyne talking again is t give the hst a cmpliment（赞扬）. ___40___. Just quickly turn arund and say, “This cake is extremely delicius and yu have t tell me all abut it.”
S being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A. Hw d yu knw the hst
B. The first step is t g explring
C. If yu ask the questin “Hw did yu get here?”
D. Be prepared t have awkward cnversatins with strangers
E. Or turn the cnversatin int a tpic where they have little t say
F. What abut that persn wh had t much t drink r wn’t stp talking
G. He r she is the persn wh is feeling the weight f that awkwardness the mst
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. F 39. E 40. G
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在宴会上如何使自己变得有趣、避免尴尬和沉默的一些具体做法，如积极地提出问题，赞美主人等。
36.【答案】 B
【解析】考查段首空。解题语句：空后段落内容。分析题目可知，空后的内容ut f yur cmfrt zne, shw up and be adventurus与B选项中g explring构成同义替换。故选B。
37.【答案】 C
【解析】考查段中空。解题语句：空后一句。分析题目可知，空后vehicle和bus均为交通方式，又结合前文start the cnversatin with a questin可知，该空应为提问客人是如何到达的。故选C。
38.【答案】 F
【解析】考查段首空。解题语句：空后一句。分析题目可知，空后一句can't take their wine away与F选项中t much t drink构成同义替换以及take away their sapbx与F选项中wn't stp talking构成同义替换。故选F。
39.【答案】 E
【解析】考查段尾空。解题语句：空前一句。分析题目可知，前文if yu're the hst, yu can…是在对应付饮酒过量或话很多的一类人提出的一种处理方式，E选项… where they have little t say是在提出另外一种解决方式。故选E。
40.【答案】 G
【解析】考查段中空。解题语句：空前一句。分析题目可知，前文提到碰到大家都沉默的情况下，缓解尴尬的方式是对主人提出赞扬，空后给出具体方式。空前awkward silence与G选项awkwardness构成同义替换，G选项中He r she指代前文hst。故选G。
5.（2021年6月浙江卷）
Yu've gt mail…and it's a pstcard
Paul Magalhaes, a 34-year-ld Prtuguese cmputer engineer, lves t pen his mailbx and find a brightly clred picture f Rme's Clsseum. Or Africa's Victria Falls. Or China's Great Wall. ___11___
"I ften send pstcards t family and friends." he says t China Daily, "but yu can imagine that after a while, yu never receive as many as yu send, and yu realize that nt everyne is int it ___12___ ” Seeking ther like-minded suls, hwever, Paul started lking in a smewhat unlikely place: nline. Many wuld say the Internet is a place fr peple wh have given up n the traditinal pstal service, but Paul's hunch（直觉）paid ff.
Language is certainly a harrier fr many peple. Fr pstcrssing t wrk wrldwide, a cmmn cmmunicatin language is needed s that everyne can understand each ther. As cl as it may be t receive a pstcard written in Chinese, the cncept desn't wrk if ne desn't understand it. ___14___ S a cmmn language is required and in pstcrssing that's English since it's widely spken.
"Many peple in China have limited expsure t English. ___15___ That said, we knw f many pstcrssing members, including Chinese, wh have actually imprved their English skills thrugh their use f pstcrssing," Paul says.
A. And that's ttally fine
B. That makes it extra hard t learn and practice it
C. He likes t think f sending pstcards as a family-friendly hbby
D. Many lve t make a cnnectin with smene frm acrss the wrld.
E. On August 5, the number f pstcards exchanged by members tpped 31 millin.
F. Similarly, if yu speak nly Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part f the fun away.
G. In shrt, he lves pstcards, and the excitement f getting a hand-written nte frm smene far away.
【答案】11. G 12. A 13. E 14. F 15. B
【文章大意】一位热爱明信片的电脑工程师把这项热爱发展成了他的全职事业，并介绍了一些写明信片的困难和益处。
11【答案】 G
【解析】考查与上文的联系。前文以具体形象的例子表现主人公对明信片的喜爱：lves pen…and find a brightly clred picture f…，r…r…，这些brightly clred pictures正是明信片。因此，下一句进行总结。In shrt简言之，就是上文的概括，概括为lves pstcards and the excitement…喜欢明信片，喜欢收到远方朋友手写卡片的兴奋感。故选G项。
12 【答案】 A
【解析】考查前后文联系。上文说 "你意识到并不是每个人都喜欢明信片"，下文说 "寻找其他志同道合的人……" 表示主人公接受上文所讲事实，然后才能和有共同兴趣的人继续自己的爱好。A项 "这完全没问题" 正是表示主人公接受这一点。故选A项。
13 【答案】 E
【解析】考查段落主旨和前后文联系。全段都在写主人公将自己的爱好发展成了一个成功的社交网站。前文的各项数据也和E项的数据衔接自然，都是在介绍这个网站的成功；同时，这些数据的量都很大，使得空白后 "运营这个网站几乎成了全职工作" 成为必然的结果。故选E项。
14 【答案】 F
【解析】考查段落主旨和前后文联系。全段都在写对于写明信片来说，语言可能是一个障碍。4空前是具体的论据 "尽管收到一封用中文写的明信片很酷，但如果收信人不理解中文的话，这个明信片就没什么意义" 。紧接着加F项 "类似地，如果你只讲中文，收到一封瑞典语的明信片也会让乐趣大打折扣" 同样都是对段落主旨的论证，而在衔接上用了similarly也很自然，故选F项。
15 【答案】 B
【解析】考查与上文的联系。前文说 "很多中国人对英语的接触有限"，这导致用英语写明信片比较难，正是B项所说 "那使得学习和练习写英语明信片尤其得难"。选项中That指代上文的句子；而句尾的it指代上一段段尾句English is required in pstcrssing。B项与上文衔接紧密，故选B项。
6.（2020年新课标Ⅰ）
A Few Tips fr Self-Acceptance
We all want it t accept and lve urselves. But at times it seems t difficult and t far ut f reach. ___36___ Here’s a handful f ways that will set yu in the right directin.
●___37___ D nt fllw the peple wh make yu feel nt-gd-enugh. Why d yu fllw them? Are yu hping that eventually yu will feel empwered because yur life is better than theirs? Knw that yur life is yur wn;yu are the nly yu in this wrld.
●Frgive yurself fr mistakes that yu have made. We are ften ashamed f ur shrtcmings, ur mistakes and ur failures. ___38___ Yu will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in hw yu culd have dne better, why nt ffer yurself a cmpassinate (有同情心) respnse? ＂That didn’t g as planned. But, I tried my best.＂
●Recgnize all f yur strengths. Write them dwn in a jurnal. Begin t train yur brain t lk at strength befre weakness. List all f yur accmplishments and achievements. Yu have a jb, earned yur degree, and yu gt ut f bed tday. ___39___
●Nw that yu’ve listed yur strengths, list yur imperfectins. Turn the page in yur jurnal. Put int wrds why yu feel unwrthy, why yu dn’t feel gd enugh. Nw, read these wrds back t yurself. ___40___ Turn t a page in yur jurnal t yur list f strengths and achievements. See hw awesme yu are?
A. Feeling upset again?
B. Where d yu start?
C. Nthing is t small t celebrate.
D. Remember, yu are nly human.
E. Set an intentin fr self-acceptance.
F. Stp cmparing yurself with thers.
G. When des the cmparisn game start?
【答案】36. B 37. F 38. D 39. C 40. A
36.【答案】 B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了几种方法，让人能正视自己，接受自己。考查上下文联系。上文句意：我们都想要接受自己，爱自己，但是有的时候这太难实现了。下文句意：下面是几个方法让你能找到正确的方向。B项句意：你从哪开始呢？分析文章结构，上文提出人们所面临的问题，下文提出解决办法，中间句子承上启下。故答案为B。
37.【答案】 F
【解析】考查上下文联系。此空是段落小标题。下文句意：不要跟着那些让你觉得不够好的人。可知本段说不要盲目追随他人，自己是独一无二的。F项句意：停止把自己和别人做对比。符合题意，故答案为：F。
38.【答案】 D
【解析】考查上下文联系。上文句意：我们常常因为自己的短处，错误和失败而感到羞愧。 下文句意：你时不时会犯错。根据下文时不时会犯错，可知犯错是不可避免的，要学会接受自己，不要把自己想象成十全十美的神。D项句意：记住，你只是一个人。符合题意，故答案为D。
39.【答案】 C
【解析】考查上下文联系。上文句意：列出你的成就。你有工作，你获得了学位，你今天起床了。上文是列出了自己完成的事情，哪怕是起床这样的小事，可知是让人从小事中接受自己，认可自己的成就。C项句意：小事也值得庆祝，符合题意，故答案为C。
40.【答案】 A
【解析】考查上下文联系。上文句意：现在你列出了你的优点，你的不完美。翻开你的日记，想一想你为什么感觉不值得，你为什么感到自己不够好？下文句意：翻开日记本中的一页，到你的优势和成就列表。看看你有多棒？A项句意：又觉得心烦了？承接下文，翻看自己的优势和成就，在自己心烦沮丧的时候鼓励自己，A项符合题意， 故答案为A。
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