高中英语高考增分必背熟词生义汇总（共十组）

高考英语增分必背熟词生义
（一）
1.grade 熟义：n.年级；成绩，评分等级 生义：v.给…………评分；分等级
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读 A) Additionally，from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.此外，我会不时安排小组作业在课堂上完成，或安排用时少的作业在家里完成，这两项都会被评分。
2.period 熟义：n.时期；阶段 生义：n.学时，课，节
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读 A)An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.
未在截止日期上课时提交的论文，每迟交一堂课，就会失去一个字母等级。
3.assign 熟义：v.布置，指派（工作、任务等） 生义：v.确定（时间、地点等）
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读 A） All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
所有作业将在指定日期前通过黑板、在线学习和课程管理系统提交。
4.way 熟义：n.方式；方法 生义：adv.大量地
(2022·新高考Ⅰ 卷阅读 B) Even worse， I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我本可以用我扔掉的东西做六份沙拉。
5.reject 熟义：v.拒绝 生义：v.（因质量不好而）废弃
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B) It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from "ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
令人瞠目结舌的是，有多少完美的食物被扔掉了——从“丑陋”（但还可以吃）的蔬菜被食品商拒绝，到大量没吃完的菜被扔进餐馆的垃圾桶。
6.recover 熟义：v.恢复 生义：v.回收，重新利用produce 熟义：v.生产；制造 生义：n.农产品
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读 B)Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished（有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.
去年，它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过 807，500 磅的食物，否则这些农产品会在田地里腐烂。
7.dry 熟义：adj.干的；干燥的 生义：v.（使）变干，（把…………）弄干
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读 B)Volunteers will wash， cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或把它们弄干，以便在路上用餐。
8.keep 熟义：v.维持；保持 生义：v.养，饲养
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读 C) She said：“I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school."
她说：“我小时候养过母鸡，每天早上上学前都要为它们准备早餐。”
9.run 熟义：v.跑 生义：vt.发表，刊登
title 熟义：n.题目 生义：vt.给…………加标题
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读七选五）Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled "Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner."
《健身》杂志最近刊登了一篇题为“感谢你的锻炼伙伴的五个理由”的文章。
10.read 熟义：v.朗读 生义：vt.写着
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读七选五）One reason was： "You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym," while another read: "You'll work harder if you train with someone else."
一个原因是：“如果你知道有人在体育馆等你，你就会出现”，另一个原因写着：“如果你和别人一起训练，你会更加努力。”
11.weight熟义：n.重量 生义：n.重物，杠铃
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读七选五)Over time，both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.
随着时间的推移，你们双方都会受益——你的伙伴将能够举起更重的杠铃，你的身体也将变得更加健康。
（二）
1.roll 熟义：n.卷，滚动，翻滚 vi.滚，滚动 生义：v.发出持续的声音
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷完形填空)The wind picked up and thunder rolled.
狂风大作，雷声隆隆。
2.start 熟义：v.开始 生义：v.发动，启动
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷完形填空)My husband stopped fishing to start the motor.
我丈夫停止钓鱼来启动马达。
3.dead 熟义：adj.死去的 生义：adj.（机器或设备）不运行的，不转动的
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷完形填空)We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.
我们被困在湖中央，马达不运行了。
4.some 熟义：pron.一些，几个 生义：adv.大约，差不多
celebrate 熟义：v.庆祝 生义：v.纪念，赞美，颂扬
(2022·全国乙卷阅读A)This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London.
这场大约 60 幅纪念苏格兰最受喜爱的画家亨利雷伯恩爵士生平代表作的展览来到伦敦。
5.present 熟义：n.礼物 生义；v.推出
(2022·全国乙卷阅读A)Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public,
苏格兰国家肖像画画廊为公众推出了一系列的讲座。
6.sweep 熟义：v.扫，打扫，清扫 生义：n.连绵弯曲的地带
move熟义；v.移动 n.运动 生义；v.促使（某人做某事），使去做
(2022·全国乙卷阅读 B)The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing.
广袤的大地和坚忍的人们促使她写出了一些美丽的文字。
7.alone 熟义：adj.单独的；独自的 生义：adv.仅仅，单，只
(2022·全国乙卷阅读C)It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.
据计算，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上花费就约为 200 亿欧元，包括派遣维护人员，经常在夜间检查和维修铁路基础设施。
8.best 熟义：adj.& adv.最好的（地） 生义：n.最好的事物（或人）
pick 熟义：v.选择；采摘 生义：n.精品，精华
(2022·全国甲卷阅读 A)Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK's touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff's oldest surviving traditional theatre.
这座新剧院是加的夫市现存最古老的传统剧院，它展示了伦敦西区最好的一面以及最精彩的英国巡回演出。
9.given 熟义：adj 规定的，指定的 生义：adj.特定的
practice 熟义：n.练习 生义：n.习俗，习惯
(2022·全国甲卷阅读七选五)The more time you spend in any given country, the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
你在任何一个特定的国家待的时间越长，你就会开始对它的异国文化习俗感到越适应。
10.tell 熟义：v.告诉；讲述 生义：v.了解，知道：看出；确切地判断
(2022·全国甲卷完形填空)You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
你可以从一个人如何对待他的狗来了解很多。
11.walk 熟义：vi.走，步行 生义：v.遥，牵着（动物）走
(2022·全国甲卷完形填空)The next week we walked our dogs together.
第二周，我们一起去遛狗。
（三）
1.score 熟义：n.得分；分数 vt.& vi.得分；评分生义：n.（音乐）总谱 vt.获得
flow 熟义：v.（使）流动，流通 生义：n.连贯，流畅
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B) His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.
他的工作就是坐在钢琴师旁边，翻动总谱，这样音乐家就不用自己动手而打断音流了。
(2021·全国甲卷阅读七选五)It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
这是扔掉你的旧衣服、从你朋友那里获得衣服并同时举办派对的最佳方式。
2.draft 熟义：n.草稿；草案 vt.起草；草拟 生义：n.（小股）气流
stand 熟义：vi.站立；起立；位于 生义：n.架；座
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读 B)“I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said."Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back."
Titterton先生说：“我正在翻页为下一页做准备，但翻页的气流导致备用页从架子上掉下来，幸运的是我抓住了它们并将它们放回去。”
3.note 熟义：n.笔记；便条 vt.注意；指出 生义：n.音符；音调
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读 B) He's absorbed in the music, feeling every note..
他沉浸在音乐中，感受着每一个音符……
4.passage熟义：n.一段文章 生义：n.通过
(2021 ,新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.
1934年，随着《候鸟狩猎鸭票法案》的通过，一个日益感到担忧的国家采取了坚决的行动，以阻止对迁徙水禽及其生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。
5.makeup 熟义：n.化妆品 生义：n.性格；气质
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读D) Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.”
许多人现在把情商误解为一个人的性格中无法被智商测试衡量的理想化的一切，例如性格、动机、信心、心理稳定性、乐观和“人际交往能力”。
6.excite 熟义：vt.使激动；使兴奋 生义：vt.激发；引起
(2021 ·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读D) Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.
尽管情商继续受到大众的青睐是可取的，但我们希望这种关注将引起人们对情感的科学研究和学术研究的更大兴趣。
7.plant 熟义：n.植物 生义：n.工厂；发电厂
（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷完形填空）It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help during our spring break, for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records.
正好在春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子来临时帮忙，在这段时间，我除了听听最喜欢的唱片之外没有别的计划。
8.role 熟义：n.角色 生义：n.职能，职责
（2021·新高考Ⅰ卷完形填空）Our roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt.我们在工厂的职责很简单：将蛋糕放在传送带上。
9.must 熟义：modal verb 必须；一定 生义：n.必须做 的事
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空）While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to visit!
当你在中国时，黄山是必游之地！
10.sink 熟义：vi.下沉；沉没 生义：n.洗涤池，洗碗槽
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.
珍娜把烧焦的一块扔进洗涤池里，然后放入另一片面包。
11.pour 熟义：vt.& vi，倾倒，倒；（雨）倾盆而下 生义：vi.不断涌向
(2021·全国乙卷阅读A)People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
从古希腊时代起，人们就一直不断涌入体育场馆。
12.inform 熟义：vr.通知；告知 生义：v.对…………有影响
(2021·全国乙卷阅读 A)In around 80 A.D.,the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world's best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design.
大约在公元80年，罗马人建造了罗马斗兽场，它仍然是世界上最著名的体育场，并继续影响着当代的设计。
（四）
1.event 熟义：n.事件，大事 生义：n.比赛项目
(2021·全国乙卷阅读 A)All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
所有这些体育场馆仍在使用，仍在开放，仍在举办世界上最大型的体育赛事。
2.pressure 熟义：n.压力；挤压；大气压 生义：vt.逼迫：使迫不得已
(2021·全国乙卷阅读 C)Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
Von Wong 希望他的工作也能有助于迫使大公司减少它们的塑料足迹。
3.weight 熟义：n.重量；重 生义：n.重担；压力
(2021·全国乙卷阅读七选五)He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most.
他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬压力的人。
4.given 熟义：adj，规定的；指定的 prep.考虑到 生义：n.认定的事实
(2021·全国乙卷完形填空)Oh this isn't for the care I had.I take that as a given.
哦，这不是为了我得到的护理，我认为那是理所当然的。
5.note 熟义：n.笔记：便条 生义；n.纸币，钞票
(2021全国乙卷完形填空)When she reached one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound nole into her hand
当她走到一名护士身边时，她试图把一张五英镑的钞票塞到她手里。
6.entry 熟义：n.进入；参与 生义：n.参赛作品
（2021·全国甲卷阅读 A） Each year，the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.
每年，参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。
7.rise 熟义：v.上升；升起；（数量）增加 生义：n.小山；小丘
(2021·全国甲卷阅读 A)I climbed to the top ofa small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep...
我爬到一个小山丘的顶部，发现薄雾只有几英尺厚……
8.set 熟义：ut.放，置，使处于；使开始 生义：vi.落（下）
(2021·全国甲卷阅读 A)...though it was onlya short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west.
……虽然攀爬的路程很短，但我发现自己已经完全爬到了山顶上，在夕阳西下的背景下，我看到了Skiddaw 非常清晰的景色。
9.point 熟义：n.要点；得分 vt.指向 生义：n.地方， 地点
(2021·全国甲卷阅读 A) Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow.
我沿着一条穿过森林的小路向当地的至高点Shutlingsloe 走去，遇到了一小块空地，立刻注意到了在新雪的映衬下枯黄的草丛。
10.run 熟义：vi.奔跑；跑 生义：vt.经营；管理
(2021·全国甲卷阅读 B)Port Lympne Reserve.which runs a breeding （繁育)programme， has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf （犀牛幼崽）.
负责繁育计划的 Port Lympne Reserve 迎来了一只稀有的黑犀牛幼崽。
11.gray 熟义：adj.灰色的；苍白的 生义：adj.阴沉沉的
(2021·全国甲卷阅读 C)When I was 9.we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning.
我9岁那年，在一月份一个阴沉沉的早晨，我们收给好洛杉矶家中的行装，来到伦敦命思罗机场。
12.class 熟义：n.班级；班 生义：n.阶级，社会阶层
determine 熟义；心.决定；决心（做某事） 生义；vt.影响；决定
(2021·全国甲卷阅读 D)And the more we look， the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius,
而且我们看到得越多，我们就越会发现像性别、种族和阶层这样的社会因素并不能影响天才的出现。
（五）
1.cover熟义：vt.覆盖 生义：vt.包含，包括，涉及；足以支付，够付
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷听力材料）The language use is good and the main points are covered.
语言运用良好，并涵盖了主要要点。
(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读 B) Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills...
她丈夫做两份工作来支付账单……
2.case 熟义：n.情况 生义：n.套；盒；箱；容器
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷听力材料)It has one of the new memory sticks, and a protective case for filming underwater, so you can take it when you go diving.
它有一个新的记忆棒和一个水下拍摄的保护套，所以当你潜水时，你可以带着它。
3.history 熟义：n.历史 生义：n.（某人的）经历，履历
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷阅读C)...so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.
……因此有此类伤病史的人在进行这项运动时可能要谨慎一些。
4.beat 熟义：vt.& vi.敲打 生义：vt.快速搅拌，打
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷短文改错) Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopsticks.
接着我把鸡蛋打进碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。
5.welcome熟义：vt.&vi.欢迎 生义：adj.令人愉 快的
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷阅读B) There's a welcome familiarity — but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship.
那里有一种令人愉快的亲近感，但有时也会让人产生一种轻微的怀疑：时间已经改变了你们两人，也改变了你们的关系。
6.follow 熟义：vt.& vi.跟随，跟着 生义：vt.仿效；追随：拥护
(2020·全国I卷阅读七选五) Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.
不要追随那些让你感觉不够好的人。
7.print 熟义：vt.& vi.在纸上印；打印 生义：vt.（在松软的表面上）压印
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷阅读D)These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.
这些包括在叶子上印上传感器来显示何时缺水的植物，以及一种可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质的植物。
7.strength 熟义：n.力量；力气 生义：n.长处；优点
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷阅读七选五)Now that you've listed your strengths, list your imperfections.
既然你已经列出了自己的优点，那就列出你的缺点吧。
9.drive 熟义：vt.& vi.驾驶；开车 生义：vt.迫使；驱使
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷完形填空）It will drive us crazy.
这会使我们发疯的。
10.original 熟义：adj.原来的 生义：n.原作，原稿
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷完形填空)...the official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million.
……这位官员证实，这些画是真迹，价值高达5，000 万美元。
11.frequent 熟义：adj.经常发生的 生义：vt.常去；常到（某处）
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷阅读 D)Encourage readers to use the library.Share library announcements on your social media.Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
鼓励读者使用图书馆。在你的社交媒体上分享图书馆的公告。当你可以的时候，经常去图书馆并谈论它们。
12.translate 熟义：vt.& vi.翻译 生义：vt，& vi.（使）转变，变为
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷阅读B)“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate (旋转) and translate shapes," Levine said in a statement.
“那些玩拼图游戏的孩子比那些不玩拼图游戏的孩子在评估他们的旋转和改变物体形状的活动中表现得更好，”Levine在一份声明中说。
（六）
1.wild 熟义：adj、野生的，荒凉的 生义：n.野生状态
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷阅读C) Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild.
海狸鼠被毛皮养殖者从阿根廷带到那里，然后被放归野外。
2.field 熟义：n.田地 生义：n.领域
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷阅读C)“It's destroying the environment, It's them or us,” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
“它正在破坏环境。要么是它们，要么是我们，”该领域的专家迈克尔·马西米说。
2.green 熟义：adj.绿色的 生义：adj.环保的
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷阅读 C) He says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.
他说，让人们相信海狸鼠的毛皮是环保的并不容易，但他对此毫不怀疑。
4.bond 熟义：n.关系，联系 生义：vt.& vi.建立（与某人的）互信关系
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷阅读 D)It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.
这是一个与我的孩子们建立亲子互信关系的特殊时刻，让他们对书充满了好奇。
5.bridge 熟义：n.桥 生义：n.起联系作用的事件；纽带
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷阅读 D)I see libraries as a safe haven (避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book.
我认为图书馆对于读者和作家来说是一个安全的避风港，是帮助把书和读者联系在一起的 纽带，
6.fair 熟义：adj.公平的 生义；n.展销会
(2020·全国1卷阅读D)Sponsor book fairs.赞助图书展销会。
7.cold 熟义：adj，寒冷的 生义：adj.冷漠的
(2020·全国Ⅱ卷阅读七选五)Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly.
甚至一封正式的电子邮件也好像是冷漠的，不友好的。
8.difficult 熟义：adj.困难的 生义：adj.（人）难对 付的
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷完形填空)If a customer is rude or difficult, just think "Maybe she's had a row with her husband.Maybe her child's not well."
如果顾客粗鲁或难对付，就想“也许她和她丈夫吵架了，也许她的孩子身体不好。”
9.draw 熟义：vt.& vi.画，描画 生义：vt.引起；激起
（2020·全国Ⅲ卷阅读B） Already， a number of films ...have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly.
一些电影……已经引起了积极分子的愤怒，他们说在电影中表演的动物没有得到善待。
10.number 熟义：n.数字；号码 生义：vi.总计；共计
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷阅读 D)The Bajau， as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.
这些人被称为巴瑶人，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾总计成千上万人。
11.scene 熟义：n.（尤指不愉快事件发生的）地点，现场
生义：n.（尤指当众、有失体面的）争吵，吵闹
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷完形填空）...the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins everyone's day.
……事情发展成了一次不愉快的争吵，毁了大家一天的心情。
12.float 熟义：vi.漂浮；浮动 生义：vt.提出，提 请考虑
(2020·全国ⅢI卷阅读 C)“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house," says Kathryn Whitehead.
“我们向我妈妈提出了合租一套房子的建议，”沉瑟琳·怀特黑德说。
13.story 熟义：n.故事 生义：n.新闻报道
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷阅读 C)Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.
像那样的新闻报道在世界上的一些地方更为常见，这些地方几世同堂生活在一起的想法更根深蒂固。
（七）
1.harvest 熟义：n.收获；收割 生义：vt.& vi.捕猎（动物、鱼）
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷阅读D)They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.
他们以当潜水员谋生，用鱼叉捕鱼或捕猎贝类。
2.pound 熟义：n.英镑；磅 生义：vt.& vi.反复击打；连续砰砰地猛击
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷阅读C)However， race walking does not pound the body as much as runningdoes..
然而，竟走不像跑步那样对身体造成那么大的冲击……
3.picture 熟义：n.照片；图画 生义：vt.想象
(2020·7月浙江高考阅读 A)To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience.
读者要想从阅读这些戏剧中获得最大的乐趣，就要试着去想象戏剧正在舞台上表演着，自己置身于观众席中的情景。
4.curtain 熟义：n.窗帘 生义：n.幕，帷幕
(2020·7月浙江高考阅读 A)The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.
帷幕即将拉开，几分钟后，动作和对话将为你讲述这个故事。
5.address 熟义：n.地址 生义：vt.设法解决；处理 (2020·7 月浙江高考阅读 B)“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed." says Alex Stevanovic ...
“自适应信号灯可以确保现有的交通需求得到解决，”亚历克斯·斯特瓦诺维奇说……
6， age熟义：n.年龄 生义：vi.变老
(2020 · 7月浙江高考阅读C)Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age...
随着年龄的增长，需要大量分析思维、计划和其他管理技能的具有挑战性的工作可能会帮助你的大脑保持敏锐……
7.farm 熟义：n.农场；农舍 生义：vt.& vi.从事畜牧业
(2020·7月浙江高考完形填空)I've been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years.
我已经在山坡上养羊54年，
8.freeze 熟义：vt.& vi.（使）冻结，结冰 生义：vi.(因害怕等)停住不动;吓呆
(2020·7月浙江高考完形填实)My heart froze in my chest as I saw the tractor heading towards the motorway.
当我看到拖拉机朝高速公路开去时，我吓呆了。
9.spring熟义，n.春天 生义，v.跳：跃
(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)...suddenly， he sprang to his feet and cried, "I have a great idea!"
……突然，他跳起来，喊道：“我有个好主意！”
10.grab 熟义：v.抓住 生义：v.（尤指匆忙地）吃，喝
(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读 D)An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.
被研究人员雇用的一名演员首先匆忙地吃下她的 食物。
11.broken 熟义：adj.破损的 生义：adj.衰弱的
(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读 C) He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind.
随着身体衰弱和神经错乱，七个月后他离开了。
12.destroy 熟义：vt.毁灭；破坏 生义：vt.杀死，消灭
(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读 C)...millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.
……数百万生命因海水的渐渐干涸而被杀死。
13.taste 熟义：vt.尝，品（味道） 生义：n.体验；尝试
(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)...on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.
……当他在去布哈拉的路上被怀疑贩毒时，他体验到了警察的办案方式。
（八）
1.eye 熟义：n.眼睛 生义：n.视角，眼光
(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读 C)Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes.
比斯尔先生从西方人的视角巧妙地表达了他的深刻历史见解和文化借鉴，使他的故事全面展现了乌兹别克斯坦。
2.remember 熟义：vt.& vi.记得；记起 生义：vt.纪念；缅怀
(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读 C)To remember a writer.
为了纪念一位作家。
3.wander 熟义：vt & vi.闲逛 生义：vi.走神；开小差
(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读七选五)People's attention wanders constantly.
人们经常会开小差。
4.absorb 熟义：v.吸收 生义：vt.理解；掌握
（2020·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读七选五）In fact， most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker's message.
事实上，大多数人只理解了演讲者20%的信息。
5.graduate 熟义：vt.& vi.毕业 生义：vi.逐渐发展（或变化、进展、上升）
（2020·7月浙江高考阅读七选五）I quickly graduated from typical children's books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters.
我很快就从读典型的儿童读物升级为读插图少、章节长的书。
6.across 熟义：prep.从…………的一边到另一边 生义：adv.宽
(2019·6月浙江高考阅读C) The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests...
在加州46，000多平方英里的森林中，直径大于2英尺的树木数量减少了 50%……
7.attack 熟义：vt.& vi.袭击；攻击 生义：vt.抨击；责难
(2019·全国Ⅲ卷阅读七选五)When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student.
当一名学生在社交媒体上抨击一名教授时，所使用的语言实际上已经很能说明这个学生的问题了。
8.tap 熟义：vt.& vi.轻敲；轻拍 生义：vt.& vi.发掘，利用
employ 熟义：vt.雇用 生义：vt.使用，应用，运用
(2019·全国Ⅰ卷阅读 D)The likables' plays-well- with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.
讨人喜欢的人与他人相处融洽的品质加强了校园友谊，迅速提升人际交往技巧，而且，这种品质如果及早加以利用，就会在以后的生活及工作中发挥作用。
9.escape 熟义：vi.逃走，逃跑 生义：vt.被忘掉；被忽 视 n.(暂时的)解脱，消遣
(2019·全国Ⅱ卷阅读 C)A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.
午餐时的暂时解脱能让她免受老板的差遣。
10.fall 熟义：vi.下落；落下 生义：n.秋天
(2019·全国Ⅰ卷阅读 A)Who is eligible：Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.
适用对象：15—29岁，秋季返校的学生。
11.fuel 熟义：n.燃料 生义：vt.刺激；加强；增加
(2019·全国Ⅲ卷阅读 B)...how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries.
……几个世纪以来中国是如何刺激时尚想象力的。
12.live 熟义：vi.住；活着 生义：adv.现场直播地
(2019·6 月浙江高考阅读七选五)After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours.
当披头士乐队应邀出现在 BBC 的现场直播后，他们通过全国巡演迅速在英国蹿红。
13.mean 熟义：vt.意思是 生义：adj.不善良的；刻 薄的
(2019·全国Ⅰ卷阅读 D)Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids.
然后我进入了少年、青少年时期，遇到了很多不友善的女孩和耍酷的孩子。
14.position 熟义：n.位置 生义：n.职位；工作
(2019·全国Ⅰ 卷阅读 A）Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
通过暑期就业机会项目，学生每年都被雇用到省公共服务部门及其相关机构和社区团体的各种暑期岗位上。
（九）
1.read 熟义：vt.& vi.读；阅读 生义：vt.理解；懂得：写着 n.读物；好书
(2019·全国I卷阅读A) Here she picks her top reads.
在这里她选出了几本她最喜欢的书。
2.shade 熟义：n.阴凉处；背阴 生义：n.浓淡，深浅； 色度
(2019·全国Ⅰ卷完形填空)I count twelve shades of green from where I stand.
从我站的地方，我数了数有十二种浓淡深浅的绿色。
3.trip 熟义：n.旅行 生义：vi.绊倒；说话磕磕绊绊
(2019·全国1卷阅读B)Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.
克里斯在发“—ld”音时磕巴了，许多不是土生土长的英国人在发这个音时都有点困难，
4.value 熟义：n.价值 生义：n.值；数值
(2019·全国Ⅲ卷阅读 D)...they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
……它们在进行运算，不仅仅是记住每次组合的 数值。
5.bear 熟义：vt.忍受；承受 生义：vt.携带
(2018·全国Ⅲ卷完形填空)He turned up at the hospital bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.
他出现在医院，为新生儿的母亲Lindsey和她的男婴带了礼物。
6.business 熟义：n.生意 生义：n.重要的事情
(2018·全国Ⅰ卷完形填空)Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this job was no game for him;he meant business.
毕业于这所大学的莫里斯·阿什利是个善良而聪明的人，返校任教对他来说不是游戏，而是一项他认真对待的重要的事情。
7.chance 熟义：n.机会 生义：n.可能性
(全国Ⅰ卷阅读 C) None of these seems to have much chance of survival.
这些人似乎都没有多少存活的可能性。
8.eye 熟义：n.眼睛 生义：vt.审视；注视
(浙江高考阅读 B)Eyeing these headwinds, plastic- bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume,
看到这些不利因素，塑料袋制造商雇用了像Stein这样的科学家来证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。
9.feed 熟义：vt.喂养；饲养 生义：vt.把……放进机器；满足（需要、愿望、欲望等）
(全国1卷阅读 B) This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
这对于孩子们的聚会来说是一项有趣的活动；他们喜欢把水果和冷冻香蕉投入机器的顶部，然后看着冰淇淋从下面出来。
10.film 熟义：n.电影 生义：n.薄膜
（浙江高考阅读 B)Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.
美国人每年使用 1，000 亿多个薄膜塑料袋。
11.grill 熟义：vt.烧烤，炙烤 生义：vt.追问，盘问，审问
（全国Ⅰ卷阅读B） Good Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning...
《早安英国》节目的主持人苏珊娜·里德已经习惯了每天早上在沙发上盘问客人…………
12.group 熟义：n.集团；组；群 生义：vt.将…………分类；把…………分组
(全国Ⅰ卷阅读 D) This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation.
自20世纪90年代初以来，这种方法为家庭能源使用的演变提供了一个数据。设备按代分组。
13.key 熟义：n.钥匙 生义：adj.主要的；关键的
(全国Ⅱ卷阅读 C) According to the report's key findings, "the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”
根据该报告的主要发现，“1984 年，在那些说他们自己‘几乎从不’为乐趣而读书的人中，年龄为13岁的比例占8%，年龄为17岁的比例占9%，而现在这一比例分别上升到了22%和27%.”
（十）
1.plant 熟义：n.植物 生义：n.工厂 vt.安放；放置
(全国Ⅰ卷阅读D) The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room.
客厅里的电视机被替换了，并被放置到了孩子们的房间里。
2.ring 熟义：n.铃声；戒指 vt.给…………打电话 生义vi.回响
（全国I卷完形填空）These words still ring true today in my role as a journalist.
作为一名记者的身份，这些话至今仍在我耳边回响。
3.special 熟义：adj.特殊的；特别的 生义：n.特别节目
(全国I卷阅读 B) In tonight's Easter special they come to the aid of a family ...
在今晚的复活节特别节目中，他们来帮助一个家庭……
4.steep 熟义：adj.陡峭的，陡的 生义：adj.（数量上升或下降）急剧的
(全国Ⅱ卷阅读 C) While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children's lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.
尽管在过去十年里，青少年读者的阅读量急剧下降，但报告中的一些数据显示，阅读仍然是许多孩子生活的重要组成部分，并表明家长如何帮助鼓励（孩子）更多地阅读。
5.track 熟义：n.轨道；足迹 生义：vt.跟踪
(全国Ⅰ卷阅读 D)...Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life...
……纽约罗彻斯特理工学院的卡莉·巴比特和她的同事们跟踪了每一种产品在其使用过程中的环境成本……
6.work 熟义：vi.工作 生义：vi.奏效；产生……作用
(全国1卷阅读 D)I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less used things, and it worked.
我发现假期前是鼓励孩子们捐赠不太使用的物品的好时机，而且效果很好。
7.allow 熟义；vr.允许；准许 生义；vr.使可能
(全国卷诵体填空)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above...
它的长度不到7千米，使人们能够避开上面道路上可怕的人群……
8.average 熟义：adj.平均的 生义：adj.普通的
(全国Ⅱ卷完形填空)Freddy was an average student, but not an average person.
弗雷迪是一名普通的学生，但不是一个普通的人。
9.deal 熟义：vi.经营；对付 n.大量；很多 生义；n，协议：交易
(全国Ⅱ卷阅读 B) He'd been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was and we didn't talk about it.
他曾进进出出医院，他和我都知道发生了什么，但我们不谈论它。
10.delicious 熟义：adj.美味的 生义：adj.令人愉快的
（全国Ⅲ卷阅读 A） This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.
这趟令人愉快的旅行将穿过这座城市前往金银岛，在那里我们将在著名的旧金山酒庄停留。
11.dig 熟义：vt.& vi.挖；掘 生义：vi.探究；细查
(全国Ⅱ卷阅读 B) We were respectful of craft （技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.
我们尊重技艺并刻苦钻研我们将要扮演的人物 角色。
12.process 熟义：n.过程；进程 生义：vt.加工；处理
(全国Ⅰ卷语法填空）Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required to process the food that we eat.
脂肪和盐是日常饮食的重要组成部分。加工我们吃的食物需要用到它们。
13.stand up 熟义：站立：站起 生义：支持；维护
（全国Ⅱ卷阅读 B) When the studio didn't want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well-known as Paul-he stood up for me.
当制片厂不想让我拍电影——想要一个像保罗这样有名的人时——他为我挺身而出。
14.talk 熟义：vt.& vi，谈话；讲话 生义：vt.说服
（全国I卷阅读七选五）I was， nevertheless talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness.
不过，我被说服参加另外一个充满兴趣的野外假期。