高中英语高考2022年新高考英语二轮复习 50分阅读限时练5-6

这是一份高中英语高考2022年新高考英语二轮复习 50分阅读限时练5-6，共31页。
限时练六
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2021·河南省普通高中毕业班高考适应性测试)
Field Trips Your Students Actually Want to Go On
Some of the best memories from grade school are made at field trips.Field trips offer students something they can’t get from lectures or textbook pages—hands－on fun！Here are some attractions to visit with your students.They’re great places to make memories and，of course，learn something too!
Belle Isle Nature Center (Detroit)
Availability：Wednesday，Thursday or Friday at 10：30 a．m.，11：30 a．m.or 12：30 p．m.
Admission：Free
Enjoy both indoor and outdoor animal exhibits.Programs include deer feeding，a hands－on activity and discovery time.
Diamond Jack’s River Tours (Detroit)
Availability：Monday—Friday，May 1 to Oct.31 at 9：30 a．m.，10：30 a．m.，11：30 a．m.or 12：30 p．m.
Admission：$9/person
See 16 miles of the U．S.and Canada Detroit River shoreline，ocean－going and Great Lakes ships，a lighthouse，the fireboat，parks，a mailboat and much more.
Arts & Scraps (Detroit)
Availability：Monday，Wednesday or Friday
Admission：Varies by age and number in the group
Let your students’ imaginations run wild.They’ll think，create and learn while reimagining recycled industrial materials.
Detroit Institute of Arts (Detroit)
Availability：Tuesday—Friday at 9：30 a．m.，11：00 a．m. or 12：30 p．m.
Admission：Free admission and bus transportation for students
Lead your own visit or let one of the DIA Gallery teachers guide you.All guided field trips explore art to build skills in creativity，problem solving，critical thinking and active learning.
【语篇解读】　本文是应用文，主要介绍了适合学生进行实地考察的几个地方。
1．What do you know about field trips?
A．They take place in open fields.
B．They all charge for an entrance fee.
C．They all are available throughout weekdays.
D．They are connected with nature or art.
答案　D　[细节理解题。结合全文内容尤其是各部分的小标题可知，这些实地考察要么与自然相关，要么与艺术相关。]
2．Which of the following field trips is seasonal?
A．Arts & Scraps.
B．Detroit Institute of Arts.
C．Belle Isle Nature Center.
D．Diamond Jack’s River Tours.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据Diamond Jack’s River Tours (Detroit)部分中的“May 1 to Oct.31”可知，去Diamond Jack’s River Tours的实地考察活动在5月1号到10月31号这段时间进行，是季节性的，去其他地方的实地考察活动没有月份限制，是全年性的。seasonal “季节性的”。]
3．Who is the text written for?
A．Teachers. B．Parents.
C．Students. D．Scientists.
答案　A　[写作意图题。根据标题和第一段中的“Here are some attractions to visit with your students.”可推知，本篇文章是写给老师的。]
B
(2021·武汉市三月质量检测)
A 15－year－old Colorado high school student and young scientist who has used artificial intelligence (AI) and created apps to address polluted drinking water and other social problems has been named Time magazine’s first－ever “Kid of the Year”．
Rao told The Associated Press in an interview from her home that the prize is “nothing that I could have ever imagined.And I’m so grateful and just so excited that we’re really taking a look at the upcoming generation and our generation，since the future is in our hands.”
Time said Rao stood out for creating a global community of young innovators and inspiring them to pursue their goals.Rao insisted that starting out small doesn’t matter，as long as you’re passionate about it.
She told Time contributing editor Angelina Jolie in an interview that her science pursuits started early as a way to improve social conditions.The drinking water crisis in Flint，Michigan，inspired her to develop a way to detect pollutants and send those results to a mobile phone，she said.
“I was like 10 when I told my parents that I wanted to research carbon nanotube (纳米管) sensor technology at the Denver Water quality research lab，and my mum was like，‘A what？’”Rao told Jolie.She said that work “is going to be in our generation’s hands pretty soon.So if no one else is gonna do it，I’m gonna do it.”
In a world where science is increasingly questioned or challenged，Rao insisted that its pursuit is an act of kindness，the best way that a younger generation can better the world.
“We have science in everything we’re involved in，and I think that’s the biggest thing to put out there，that science is cool，innovating is cool，and anybody can be an innovator，”Rao said.“Anybody can do science.”
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了一名15岁的科罗拉多州高中生拉奥利用人工智能开发出应用程序来解决一些社会问题，她被《时代》杂志评为有史以来首位“年度儿童”。
4．What did Rao think of the award she received?
A．It was a mark of social progress.
B．It was a recognition of her work.
C．It was an inspiration to the youth.
D．It was a title beyond her expectation.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“nothing that I could have ever imagined”可知，拉奥认为这个奖项是她无法想象的，显然拉奥认为这个奖项出乎她的意料(beyond her expectation)。]
5．Why would Rao start to pursue science?
A．To encourage people to aim high.
B．To pursue her passion for research.
C．To change the society for the better.
D．To stop science from being questioned.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“She told Time contributing...improve social conditions.”可知，拉奥的目的是“让社会变得更好”。选项C中的“change the society for the better ”和文章中的“improve social conditions”表达的意思一致。]
6．Which word can best describe Rao?
A．Cool. B．Kind.
C．Independent. D．Creative.
答案　D　[推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“created apps to address polluted drinking water and other social problems”以及最后一段中的“that science is cool，innovating is cool，and anybody can be an innovator”可以推断出，拉奥是一个有创造力的孩子。]
7．What’s the purpose of the text?
A．To report a young genius.
B．To introduce new inventions.
C．To improve social conditions.
D．To present artificial intelligence.
答案　A　[写作意图题。根据文章的内容可知，文章主要讲述了一名15岁的科罗拉多州高中生拉奥，她用人工智能开发出应用程序来解决一些社会问题，她被《时代》杂志评为有史以来首位“年度儿童”。故A项“报道一位年轻的天才”正确。]
C
(2021·合肥市高三第一次教学质量检测)
Global health experts say that each year some of the 1.5 million people die from vaccine－preventable diseases due to gaping holes in medical record－keeping，especially in developing countries where resources to properly document immunizations (免疫注射) may be lacking.
To solve that__problem，researchers headed by a team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have invented a way to deliver vaccines through a microneedle patch (小片) that is buried in the skin.It’s a record that can’t be seen，written in quantum dots that contain vaccination history and give off light only readable by a specially equipped smartphone.The scientists say it doesn’t require any link to a database and it doesn’t tie any personal information into it.
For now，the patch can only contain a handful of simple shapes.But adding more microneedles could make the designs more complex，potentially conveying information about a vaccination’s date，dosage and more.From there，reading the dots becomes a lot like scanning a QR code.These designs could be scanned and interpreted by smartphones，and someday allow health providers to access patients’ past vaccinations without chaos of external records.
The next step，before trials in people，is to test its practicability among experts in the field.The researchers now plan to work with health care workers in developing nations in Africa to get input on the best way to carry out this type of vaccination record－keeping.
“Ultimately，we believe that this invisible ‘on－body’ technology opens up new possibilities for data storage and biosensing (生物传感) applications that could influence the way medical care is provided，especially in the developing world，”the researchers conclude.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。世界卫生专家称由于缺乏免疫注射记录，每年有150万人死于疫苗可预防的疾病，为了解决这一问题，麻省理工学院的一个小组发明了一种通过埋在皮肤里的微针贴片输送疫苗的方法。
8．What do the underlined words “that problem” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Few medical resources.
B．Wrong ways to deliver vaccines.
C．Lack of vaccination record－keeping.
D．The fact that no vaccinations are required in developing countries.
答案　C　[词块猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，由于缺乏免疫注射记录，一些人死于疫苗可预防的疾病，这就是研究者们要解决的问题。]
9．What can we learn about quantum dots?
A．They keep a record of the vaccination.
B．They need to be connected to a database.
C．They give away one’s personal information.
D．They can read light produced by smartphones.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“quantum dots that contain vaccination history”可知，量子点包含疫苗接种史。]
10．How will health providers access patients’ past vaccinations?
A．By reading the QR code.
B．By scanning the design.
C．By interpreting external records.
D．By increasing microneedles.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“These designs could be scanned...without chaos of external records.”可知，医务人员可以通过扫微针贴片的图案来了解病人的疫苗接种史。]
11．What do the researchers expect of the new technology?
A．It will be cost－saving.
B．It will hit the market soon.
C．It may ensure the accuracy of data.
D．It may bring changes to medical care.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Ultimately，we believe that...medical care is provided”可知，研究者们希望微针贴片可以为医疗保健带来改变。]
D
(2021·南昌市一模)
A joint research team recently have developed a new electronic skin that is similar to human skin in strength，durability (耐久性) and sensitivity.The skin or e－skin may play an important role in next－generation personalized medicine，soft robotics and artificial intelligence.
“The ideal e－skin will mimic the many natural functions of human skin，such as sensing temperature and the touch，accurately and in real time，”says leading researcher Yichen Cai.However，making suitably flexible electronics that can perform such delicate tasks while also used repeatedly is challenging，and each material involved must be carefully engineered.
Most e－skins are made by putting an active sensor on the surface that attaches to human skin.However，the connection between them is often too weak，which reduces the durability and sensitivity of the material；otherwise，if it is too strong，it won’t be flexible enough，making it more likely to break the circuit.
“The landscape of skin electronics keeps shifting at a remarkable pace，”says Cai.“The discovery of 2D sensors has accelerated efforts to turn these quite thin but strong materials into functional，durable artificial skins.”
The new man－made skin built by the researchers could sense objects from 20 centimeters away.It could further make a quick response when touched in less than one tenth of a second.“It is a striking achievement for an e－skin to maintain toughness after repeated use，”said Jie Shen，“which mimics the softness and rapid recovery of human skin.”
This type of e－skin could monitor a range of biological information，such as changes in blood pressure，which can be detected from movements of arms and legs.This data can then be shared and stored on the cloud via Wi－Fi.
“One remaining problem to the widespread use of e－skins lies in mass production of high－resolution sensors，”adds group leader Vincent Tung.“However，the latest technology offers new promise.”
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。一种新型电子皮肤成功问世，它在强度、耐久性和灵敏度方面都与人类皮肤相似。该产品可能在个性化医疗、人工智能等方面发挥重要作用。
12．What’s the feature of the new e－skin?
A．It can store information.
B．It’s quite hard and tough.
C．It’s flexible and sensitive.
D．It can replace human skin.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，这种新型电子皮肤在强度、耐久性和灵敏度方面都与人类皮肤相似。]
13．Why does the author mention “Most e－skins”in Paragraph 3?
A．To stress the challenges of making e－skin.
B．To introduce the popularity of e－skins.
C．To show the process of making e－skins.
D．To compare the similarities between e－skins.
答案　A　[写作意图题。根据第二段尾句可知，要制造出既能执行如此精细的任务，又能反复使用的具有适当柔性的电子产品是一项挑战，而且所涉及的每种材料都必须经过精心设计；结合第三段内容可知，作者提及大多数电子皮肤旨在强调制作电子皮肤的挑战性。]
14．What can the new e－skin do?
A．Adjust the blood pressure.
B．Recover the wounded skin.
C．Work as a remote controller.
D．Sense the outside temperature.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段首句可知，理想的电子皮肤将准确、实时地模拟人类皮肤的许多自然功能，比如感知温度和触碰。]
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．A Breakthrough in High Technology
B．Man－made Skin Improved
C．E－skin，a Promising Business
D．The Widespread Use of E－skin
答案　B　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段首句为全文的主旨句，结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一种新研制的电子皮肤，该皮肤在强度、耐久性和灵敏度方面都与人类皮肤相似，而之前的大多数电子皮肤的耐久性和灵敏度较弱，据此可知，B项最适合作本文标题。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2021·嵊州第二次模拟)
Shopping is good for your health.It’s official! We all know shopping is torturing men，who painfully stand behind their girlfriends or wives until they are done with their shopping，and affecting the bank balance.__1__
The next time you go to a mall，and just observe the ladies there，you will see all of them in the best of their moods.Studies confirm it as a form of cure.Come on，let’s face it.When we go shopping，we feel good about ourselves and the place.__2__And it literally is a way to release stress for most women.Shopping releases hormones which are responsible for lifting your moods and therefore good for your mental health.
Cancel your activities，your diet plans and all those trips to the gym.Scientists have found that women spend an average of 4 hours on shopping during a week.__3__ Although most women do not realize or look at it as a formal form of exercise，it is definitely an effective form of exercise and it requires less motivation.
Some studies have led to the conclusion that shopping is one of the best ways to fight depression.A woman tends to be so absorbed in shopping that she can shop for hours without eating or getting tired.That is exactly the reason why girls usually spend hours shopping after a terrible break－up.__4__ Therefore，shopping helps overcome depression.Moreover，it is good to reward yourself occasionally with all those things you fancy.__5__
A．It is the simplest way to raise our self－worth.
B．Smart shopping can also save money and energy.
C．Feeling unhappy，you may think about other things instead of shopping.
D．So，the next time you are depressed about something，you know what to do.
E．They walk more than 20 miles per week，using up nearly 600 calories.
F．But we may ignore that shopping can help improve your mental and physical health.
G．It is something that makes them happy and helps them forget their worries and problems.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了购物对我们的身心健康都有好处，并分析了其中的原因。
1．F　[考查上下文衔接。文章开头第一句点明主题——购物对健康有益。关键句中提到购物不好的一面，显然接下来语义应发生转折，指出购物对健康有益。F项意为“但是我们可能忽略了购物可以帮助改善你的身心健康”，符合上下文语境，与本段主旨相契合。]
2．A　[考查上下文衔接。空格前讲当我们购物时，我们对我们自己和这个地方感觉很好。A项“这是提高我们自我价值的最简单的方法”承接上文，符合语境。]
3．E　[考查上下文衔接。根据上文“Scientists have found that women spend an average of 4 hours on shopping during a week.”可知，科学家们发现女性每周平均购物4个小时。E项“她们每星期都要走20多英里，消耗近600卡路里”与上文衔接紧密，符合语境。]
4．G　[考查上下文衔接。根据上文“That is exactly the reason why girls usually spend hours shopping after a terrible break－up.”可知，这就是女孩们在经历和男朋友分手后，常常会花时间去购物的原因。G项“购物可以使她们高兴，帮助她们忘记她们的焦虑和问题”承接上文，符合语境。]
5．D　[考查上下文衔接。根据上文“Therefore，shopping helps overcome depression.”可知，购物可以帮助人们摆脱沮丧。D项“所以，下一次如果你对某事感到沮丧时，你就知道做什么了”承接上文，符合语境。]

限时练七
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2021·福州市3月质量检测)
The new year always brings predictions.You know who gets them right?
BLUETOOTH
In his futuristic 1953 novel Fahrenheit 451，Ray Bradbury anticipated Bluetooth，describing wireless earphones that allowed for “an electronic ocean of sound，music and talks” to be transferred through the air.Imagine how thrilled he would have been with a Bluetooth toaster！That was the idea behind Griffin’s Connected Toaster，which warned you via your smartphone when your toast was done.At $100，this baby cost a lot of bread，which may be why it was discontinued just two years after being launched.
SMART WATCH
The Apple Watch lets you chat，play games，and watch videos on a device fastened to your wrist.Cool，huh？The Jetsons thought so...in 1962—when Steve Jobs was still in second grade!
WI－FI
Nikola Tesla called it！In 1909，the famous electrical engineer told The New York Times，“It will soon be possible to send wireless messages all over the world so simply that any individual can carry and operate his own equipment.”No doubt he was thinking of the Kérastase Hair Coach brush，which measured brushing speed and employed a microphone to listen to your hair，all to compute an overall hair－quality score sent to your smartphone.(Alas，it is gone too.)
GPS
Writer Arthur C．Clarke (2001：A Space Odyssey)saw a world in which no one got lost.In 1956，he wrote that satellites could make possible a position－finding grid (坐标方格) whereby anyone could locate himself by means of a couple of dials on an instrument about the size of a watch.Clarke didn’t mention that his system might also track another person，such as a criminal.Last year，the New York City police arrested a robber who was wearing a GPS ankle monitor—because he was still on probation (缓刑) for a prior crime.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章介绍了过去一些人对科技方面的预测，包括蓝牙和全球定位系统等。
1．Which of the predictions is the earliest?
A．BLUETOOTH. B．SMART WATCH.
C．WI－FI. D．GPS.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据WI－FI部分的内容可知，C项对应的时间为1909年，而A项对应的时间为1953年，B项为1962年，D项为1956年。]
2．Why might Griffin’s Connected Toaster disappear?
A．Too expensive. B．Out of date.
C．A little awkward D．Energy－consuming.
答案　A　[推理判断题。根据题干中的Griffin’s Connected Toaster 定位至BLUETOOTH 部分中的“At $100，this baby cost...years after being launched.”可知，其消失的原因可能是价格太高。]
3．What was Clarke’s prediction?
A．A GPS ankle monitor.
B．A robber－arresting instrument.
C．A watch that could see the world.
D．An instrument that could locate a person.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据题干中的Clarke’s定位至 GPS 部分，根据该部分中的“whereby anyone could locate himself by means of a couple of dials on an instrument about the size of a watch”可知，答案为D。]
B
(2021·南京、盐城市高三一模)
My husband jokes with me that my midlife crisis was having my now 11－year－old daughter in my 40s.
I started my career as Associate Editor at Woman’s World magazine in the late 1990s.Then I was a magazine editor－in－chief of five national consumer publications and also contributed to magazines like Longevity and New Woman.
Four years after getting married in 2005，I eventually gave birth to my daughter，Crystal.As I wrote on Parenting.com：“As the doctor checked her vital organs and my husband counted her 10 perfect fingers and toes，I realized that my body had produced a wonder.”
While my peers were dealing with the stresses of kids in school，I focused my creative energy on carving out my new identity.I was excited when I was offered a “Mom’s Talk” column where I wrote about toys，breastfeeding，and my ongoing pursuit of “baby－free” time.
When Crystal was 3 years old，I wrote an essay about watching her dance at a toddler (学步的儿童) reading group in the library，instead of sitting down with the other children.I expected her performance to annoy people，but her joyful dancing attracted them and made me consider my own possibilities.
“Had I ever been that way，I wondered.If so，could I be like that again？Could I become as free as a child with her whole life ahead of her，ready and willing to be the star of her own production？”
As my daughter transformed from a toddler into a young girl，she continued to be my inspiration.I wrote about the new rules for babysitting and shared research showing that fathers who participated in housework had a positive impact on their daughter’s future success on The Washington Post.
I focused on providing Crystal with resilience－building when she neared her teens.I wrote about powerful phrases on The Week，like “no one is the judge of your self－worth”．
As my daughter continues to grow during this messy time，there is one certainty：I will continue to tell my stories，through my midlife wisdom.I can’t wait to see her next chapter—and for you to read mine.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名作家、主编及后来的新身份——宝妈，在事业与抚育孩子过程中的一些成长及感悟。
4．How did the author feel when giving birth to her daughter?
A．Frightened. B．Pleased.
C．Puzzled. D．Disappointed.
答案　B　[观点态度题。根据第三段中的“‘As the doctor checked her vital organs...my body had produced a wonder’．”可知，当医生给孩子检查重要器官，丈夫把孩子十个手指和十个脚趾数个遍时，作者认为自己的身体孕育了一个奇迹。据此可以推断，作者应该会感到高兴，故B项正确。]
5．In terms of being a parent，the author differed from her peers in that ________．
A．she had to deal with more stresses from being a mom
B．she left all the babysitting work to her husband
C．she combined the new identity with her career
D．she adopted a creative method of raising her baby
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可以推断，作者和其他妈妈的不同之处在于，作者把妈妈这个角色和她自己的本职工作结合了起来。]
6．What did Crystal’s performance in the library make the author think about?
A．Living the same free life as her daughter’s.
B．Giving performance in front of a crowd.
C．Her previous life before having the baby.
D．Pure pleasure during “baby－free”time.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第六段的内容，尤其是该段最后一句“Could I become as free as a child...the star of her own production？”可知，作者看到女儿在图书馆跳舞的时候，她想像女儿一样自由自在地生活。]
7．Why does the author consider Crystal as her inspiration?
A．Crystal has inspired her to take a writing career.
B．She has started writing in the tone of Crystal.
C．Her writing keeps developing as Crystal grows.
D．Many of her stories are centered on her daughter.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的内容可以推断，作者把女儿看作自己写作的灵感源泉，因为随着女儿的成长她的写作也一直在发展，故C项正确。]
C
(2021·湖北省十一校高三第二次联考)
We often hear that 60 is the new 50.Just check out the images of your grandparents or great－grandparents and notice their stooped (曲背的) bodies，their wrinkled faces when they were barely pushing 60.What a contrast with energetic，gym－going sexagenarians (六十几岁的人) of today!
The research overseen by gerontologist (老年学专家) Taina Rantanen，compared adults born in 1910 and 1914 with those born roughly 30 years later.Both birth groups were examined in person at age 60 and again at 70 with the same set of six physical tests and five measures of cognition.
According to the research，the later－born group could walk faster，had a stronger hand grasp and could use more force with their lower legs.On cognitive tests，the later－born group had better verbal fluency，and scored higher on a test matching numbers to symbols.But not everything changed across the generations：measures of lung function were surprisingly not changing，and there was no improvement in the short－term memory task of recalling a series of digits.
There are many reasons why people are aging better，including improved medical care and a drop in smoking，but the key factor shown in the study of physical function was that the later－born adults were more physically active and had bigger bodies，which suggested better nutrition.For brain function，the key seemed to be more years of education.
“Education is a powerful influence on aging and health，”says Luigi Ferrucci，scientific director of the U．S.National Institute on Aging.“With more education，you are probably going to have a larger income，which means you are more likely to go to the doctor，and have good nutrition.”He also points out that the average lifespan is seven years shorter in a poor state such as Mississippi than in a wealthier one such as California.“Here we still have lots of people who cannot take the drugs they need because they cannot pay for them，”he says.In short，60 may be the new 50 for many of us but not for all.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。研究表明现在的老人比以前的老人在身体素质与认知能力方面表现得更好。
8．How does the writer begin the passage?
A．By imagining a scene.
B．By making a comparison.
C．By raising a question.
D．By presenting an image.
答案　B　[写作手法题。根据文章第一段中的内容可知，作者是通过比较过去的老人和现在的老人来引出文章的话题的。]
9．Which of the following is TRUE about the research?
A．Not everything changed across the generations.
B．The later－born group could hardly grasp things tightly.
C．The later－born group did worse in matching numbers to symbols.
D．There was a little improvement in short－term memory in both groups.
答案　A　[正误判断题。根据第三段中的“But not everything changed across the generations”可知，并不是所有的东西都发生了变化。]
10．According to the research，what contributes most to better physical aging?
A．Improved medical care. B．Education.
C．Better nutrition. D．Energetic images.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“but the key factor...suggested better nutrition”可知，人们身体老年化有所改善的关键因素是营养更好了。]
11．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Many reasons contribute to people’s better physical function.
B．Today’s energetic sexagenarians have much better images.
C．Education is the key to people’s better aging.
D．People today are aging better than people born earlier.
答案　D　[文章大意题。根据全文内容可知，研究表明现在的老人比以前的老人在身体素质与认知能力方面表现得更好，并说明了原因。]
D
(2021·合肥市高三第二次检测)
Chemical engineers at UNSW Sydney have found a way to make “green” ammonia (氨) from air，water and renewable electricity.In a paper published in Energy & Environmental Science，the authors say that ammonia synthesis (合成) was one of the critical achievements of the 20th century.When used in fertilisers that significantly increase the output of food crops，it could enable agriculture to sustain an ever－expanding global population.
But since the beginning of the 1900s when it was first employed，production of ammonia has been energy－intensive—requiring temperatures higher than 400 ℃ and pressures greater than 200 atm—and all powered by fossil fuels.Dr.Emma Lovell，a co－author of the paper from UNSW，says the traditional way to make ammonia，known as the Haber－Bosch process，is only cost－effective when it is produced on a massive scale due to the huge amounts of energy and expensive materials required and that it produces more CO2 than any other chemical－making reaction.
“In addition to the big carbon footprint left by the Haber－Bosch process，having to produce millions of tonnes of ammonia in centralized locations means even more energy is required to transport it around the world，not to mention the risks that go with storing large amounts of it in one place，”says Dr.Lovell.“And we saw tragically in Beirut how potentially dangerous storing ammonium nitrate (硝酸铵) can be.”
Dr.Lovell and her colleagues therefore looked at how to produce it cheaply，on a smaller scale and using renewable energy.Their new production method does not rely on fossil fuel resources，and doesn’t give off CO2 either.
“And once it becomes available commercially，the technology could be used to produce ammonia directly on site and on demand—farmers could even do this on site using our technology to make fertilisers—which means we negate the need for storage and transport.There’s a huge benefit to society as well as the health of the planet，”Dr.Lovell says.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，主要介绍了悉尼新南威尔士大学的化学工程师们发明了一种用空气、水和可再生电力制作氨的新方法。
12．What do we know about the Haber－Bosch process?
A．It does harm to the environment.
B．It requires green materials.
C．It uses less energy and is cheap.
D．It transforms fossil fuels into ammonia.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第二段尾句中的“it produces more CO2 than any other chemical－making reaction.”可知，用哈伯－博施法生产氨会产生更多的二氨化碳，会对环境有害。]
13．Why is the city Beirut mentioned in the text?
A．To remind people to protect the environment.
B．To give an example of the risk in ammonia storage.
C．To convince farmers to transport ammonia elsewhere.
D．To stress the choice of a proper centralized location.
答案　B　[写作意图题。根据第三段中的“not to mention the risks...storing ammonium nitrate (硝酸铵) can be.”可知，作者提到贝鲁特是为了举例说明存放氨的危险性。]
14．What does the underlined word “negate” probably mean in the last paragraph?
A．Inspect. B．Avoid.
C．Suit. D．Accept.
答案　B　[单词猜测题。根据最后一段中的“the technology could be used to produce ammonia directly on site and on demand”可知，我们可以使用这项技术根据需求现场制作氨，这就意味着我们能够避免存放和运输氨，故B项的含义与画线词的含义最为接近。]
15．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To solve a problem. B．To explain a process.
C．To advocate a theory. D．To introduce a method.
答案　D　[写作意图题。根据文章首句“Chemical engineers at UNSW Sydney...water and renewable electricity.”并结合下文叙述的生产氨的传统方法的缺点、生产氨的新方法等可知，本文的目的是介绍一种新的制作氨的方法。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2021·湖北高三十一校第一次联考)
Traveling is what makes your life complete.You may often complain that there is too much work and no time to travel.__1__ There are hundreds of reasons why you should travel.Here are only four of them：
·There is no tomorrow，so take a break now.
Be spontaneous and travel whenever you feel like leaving your daily routine.It is wrong to wait for certain time of the year so that you could spoil yourself.
·Your company won’t be bankrupt or disappear if you leave it for a week or two.
There are plenty of people who can substitute for you and do your job while you are away.__2__ Here the point is to plan a week ahead.If you work hard，you can play hard.Always remember that the quality of your work will improve if you have a good rest and let yourself relax and recharge with energy and positive emotions.
·You cannot be a good employee if you are unhappy and tense.
Your family suffers，too.When your mind is free you can perform at 200 percent.__3__ You lose balance and harmony if you experience too much stress，perform a lot of demanding routine and constantly take responsibilities.Take care of yourself.Make sure that your well－being does not suffer.
·__4__
We all want to excel in our profession.We want to be in charge even at home.We like to be appreciated by the community.Being such a person requires several important qualities.To gain the required qualities you must have a multi－dimensional personality.The more new activities you practice，the more chances you can have to become a better leader.__5__
A．Making excuses is much easier than acting.
B．Finding balance isn’t easy，yet it is worth trying.
C．Have a richer life if you want to be a better leader.
D．Traveling is also a means of broadening your horizons.
E．You are useless as a worker if your body does not feel great.
F．You can do some of it in advance or you can put it on hold.
G．Be an instructor，inspire others and do what you would like others to do.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，主要介绍了应该去旅行的四个理由。
1．B　[考查上下文衔接。根据空处上句“You may often complain that there is too much work and no time to travel.”和空处下句“There are hundreds of reasons why you should travel.”可知，空处前后为转折关系，故B项“找到平衡不容易，但是却值得一试”与语境相符。]
2．F　[考查上下文衔接。根据空处下句“Here the point is to plan a week ahead.”可知，这里的重点是提前一周计划。据此可以判断，与此对应，空处说明在去旅行之前应如何处理好工作的事情，F项符合语境。]
3．E　[考查上下文衔接。根据主旨句“You cannot be a good employee if you are unhappy and tense.”又结合空处上句和下句的内容可知，E项与前后句相衔接且与主旨句照应，故选E项。]
4．C　[考查段落主旨句。根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为主旨句；根据该段内容，尤其是倒数第二句“The more new activities you practice，the more chances you can have to become a better leader.”可以推知，该段主要讲的是旅行可以让你成为一个更好的领导者。故C项符合语境。]
5．G　[考查上下文衔接。空前三句讲的是与成为好的领导者所需要的品质相关的内容，故空处内容应与此相关，G项“成为一名导师，激励别人，做你想要别人做的事”符合语境。]

限时练八
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2021·广州市综合测试一)
Exercising regularly not only helps you keep slim，but also improves your overall health and well－being.Different exercises produce different results，as they focus on different parts of the body.There are four broad exercise categories：endurance，strength，flexibility，and balance.Many people often only focus on one exercise type，but including all four in your workout will produce better results and reduce your risk of injury.
Endurance
Endurance exercises increase your breathing and heart rate.By doing endurance exercises，you are working to keep your heart，lungs，and blood－flow system healthy while improving your total fitness.Over time these activities will make everyday activities seem easier.
Strength
If you want to build up your muscles，then strength exercises，which are also known as “resistance training”，are right for you.Even the slightest increase in strength can make a huge difference in your ability to carry out daily tasks.Developing strong muscles also reduces your risk of weak bones.
Flexibility
Flexibility exercises help stretch your body’s muscles.This allows for more freedom of movement for other exercises and can also improve your range of motion，posture，ability to breathe deeply，and blood flow.Also，it reduces the muscle tension caused by stress.
Balance
Balance exercises help prevent falls and are especially important to older adults，helping them stay independent.Most good balance exercises are ones that keep you constantly moving with your feet on the ground.Heel－to－toe walking and standing on one foot are simple ways to improve balance.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了四种锻炼类型的作用，这四种锻炼类型分别是耐力性运动、力量运动、柔韧性运动和平衡运动。
1．How can a person benefit most from their exercise routine?
A．By combining different exercise types together.
B．By having sufficient rest between their workouts.
C．By concentrating on one training aspect at a time.
D．By increasing the frequency of their training gradually.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第一段尾句中的“but including all four in your workout will produce better results”可知，把这四种锻炼类型结合在一起才能使一个人从其锻炼习惯中获益最大。]
2．Which exercise types are most useful to improve a person’s breathing function?
A．Strength and Balance.
B．Flexibility and Balance.
C．Endurance and Strength.
D．Endurance and Flexibility.
答案　D　[细节理解题。根据Endurance部分第一句中的“Endurance exercises increase your breathing”和Flexibility部分第二句中的“ability to breathe deeply”可知，耐力性运动和柔韧性运动这两种锻炼类型都对改善呼吸功能有帮助。]
3．Which part of the body plays the most important role in balance－related exercises?
A．Arms. B．Legs.
C．The waist. D．The neck.
答案　B　[推理判断题。根据Balance部分第二句“Most good balance exercises...on the ground.”可推知，腿在与平衡有关的运动中发挥着最重要的作用。]
B
(2021·郑州市第二次质量检测)
I was with my mom one day as we took a walk while window－shopping.We both knew we wouldn’t be buying much.I remember I was looking up at the people we passed as we walked.Ladies wore 5－inch heels and bright clothes.Men wore expensive perfumes and creams that wiped away the wrinkles on their faces.An uneasy feeling started to settle in my chest.I could deny it no longer and I was ashamed of my mom.
We were in a high－class neighborhood.We lived in a small，expensive apartment building at the edge of our county.Mom chose to move there because she knew the schools were good.I realized for the first time that we didn’t belong there.
I could see the heavy lines around my mom’s eyes and mouth.She wore cheap clothes and worn－out shoes.Her eyes were tired from working long hours to make ends meet，and her hair was too gray for her age.She was nothing extraordinary，yet at that moment，she stood out because she was just so plain.I didn’t want to be seen with her although there was no one important around to see me anyway.I felt embarrassed about being at her side.We were standing in the middle of a high－end store，and she was holding a sweater.
Mom said，“Anna，this will look good on you.Do you want it？”It was much too expensive，but I almost thoughtlessly answered “Yes”．Then I took a closer look at the small，tired woman with a big smile and a sweater in her hands，happy to be giving me something so nice.My__words__died__in__my__throat.Her clothes were worn and old because she spent her money buying me new ones.She looked so tired because she was busy working to provide for me.She didn’t wear jewelry or perfumes because she was content with spending the little money she had on me.Suddenly，my mom was beautiful and extraordinarily wonderful in my eyes.I was no longer ashamed of her，but of myself.
“Do you want it？”Mom repeated.
“No，thanks，”I replied.
【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文。为了让作者受到更好的教育，母亲选择搬到高档社区。在一次逛街时，作者因母亲的平凡而感到难为情。然而当母亲用为数不多的钱为作者购买衣服时，作者意识到母亲的美丽和伟大，并为之前的想法感到羞愧。
4．Why did the author describe the passers－by while window－shopping?
A．To stress her mother was plain.
B．To show she envied rich people.
C．To suggest she was curious about others.
D．To indicate she was in an expensive neighborhood.
答案　A　[写作意图题。根据第一段中的“Ladies wore 5－inch...the wrinkles on their faces.”及第三段第二句“She wore cheap clothes and worn－out shoes.”可知，作者描述过往的行人，与母亲形成对比，旨在强调母亲的平凡。]
5．What most likely made the author feel uneasy?
A．Studying at a top school.
B．Going window－shopping.
C．Being seen with her mom.
D．Living in a small apartment.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I didn’t want to be seen with her...being at her side.”可知，作者不想被人看见她和母亲在一起。]
6．What did the author mean by “My words died in my throat” in Paragraph 4?
A．She was afraid of being blamed by her mom.
B．She was too excited to say anything about the sweater.
C．She felt her mom was so ordinary that she stopped speaking.
D．She failed to speak after realizing her mom’s great sacrifices.
答案　D　[句意理解题。根据第四段中的“Then I took a closer look at...giving me something so nice.”可知，作者本来是想要新衣服的，但是看着身材矮小、疲惫不堪的母亲笑容满面地给自己买好衣服，作者意识到母亲为自己作出了巨大的牺牲，感动得说不出话来。]
7．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．Misunderstanding Mom
B．Refusing Mom’s Kindness
C．Feeling Ashamed of Mom
D．Going Shopping with Mom
答案　A　[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者和母亲一起逛街时的经历，作者一开始为母亲的平凡感到尴尬，之后作者意识到母亲将最好的东西给了自己，为自己对母亲的误解感到羞愧。据此可以判断，“误解母亲”最适合作为本文标题。其他三项都是文章的细节之一，不能概括主题。]
C
(2021·济南市高三模拟)
Not so long ago therapy (心理治疗) was limited to an hour－long advising session on a sofa；now you can access free advice on TikTok in under a minute.Perhaps this new trend is growing because it offers easy bite－size answers to big complex questions.
The problem with TikTok，however，is that the videos have to be under 60 seconds，which are about serious mental health illnesses being reduced to brief sentences with quick fixes from sometimes unqualified non－professionals.And with the average age of TikTok users between 18 and 24，how helpful is TikTok therapy?
“When I first started creating mental health content，I didn’t expect anyone to listen，”explains Julie Smith，who runs a private practice in Hampshire.“But it turns out people are hungry for this sort of information.”Although there is a concern about the videos’ increasing risk of self－diagnosis (自诊)，Smith thinks otherwise.She compares self－diagnosing a mental health problem to self－diagnosing a common cold，“If you want to find out about the symptoms of a cold，you can look it up online.That’s not a risk because you can’t do much with that information until you get to the doctor anyway.”
Yet despite concerns，the comments on TikTok therapy videos are filled with praises.Rachel，23，says she finds them very relatable：“If you see a video discussing anxiety，it can help you acknowledge and discuss topics you might not feel safe to do in other places.It makes me feel less alone.”
We’ve seen some great mental health content on TikTok.However，it is important to remember that not all the information you find online will be reliable and it can be useful to ask yourself some questions including who is sharing it and why.
【语篇解读】　本文是新闻报道。抖音心理治疗相较于传统上的问诊更为方便快捷，但也存在一定问题，作者认为应理性对待网上的信息。
8．Why is TikTok therapy getting popular?
A．It sells at a low price.
B．It aims at younger users.
C．It provides brief solutions.
D．It is offered by professionals.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第一段“Perhaps this new trend...to big complex questions.”可知，抖音心理治疗受欢迎的原因是它能用简单的语言回答复杂的问题。]
9．What does Smith think of TikTok therapy videos?
A．They may cause some potential risks.
B．Watching these videos is better than going to doctors.
C．They are of much help to people in need.
D．They show symptoms of disease in detail.
答案　C　[细节理解题。根据题干关键词Smith定位至第三段中的“Although there is a concern...Smith thinks otherwise.”及该段内容可知，史密斯认为视频中的信息对需要的人十分有用，据此可知C项正确。]
10．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 probably refer to?
A．Concerns. B．Videos.
C．Comments. D．Praises.
答案　B　[代词指代题。根据第四段首句中的“the comments on TikTok therapy videos are filled with praises”可知，抖音心理治疗视频上的评论充满了赞扬，结合画线词所在的句子可知，雷切尔认为这些视频非常能让人产生共鸣，据此可以判断，them指代上句中的videos。]
11．What may the author agree?
A．TikTok will replace hospitals in the future.
B．It is quite easy to find reliable medical advice.
C．Everyone can create his own TikTok videos.
D．We should be careful about online information.
答案　D　[观点态度题。根据尾段尾句可知，重要的是要记住你在网上找到的所有信息并非都可靠，并且问自己一些诸如“谁在分享这些信息，为什么要分享”等问题是有用的。据此可以判断，我们应当对网上信息持小心谨慎的态度。]
D
(2021·郑州市第二次质量检测)
Parker Stewart, a 16－year－old student from Sayre School in America，decided last year that he wanted to study the environment by himself to have a broad influence on the community.
In order to reduce the carbon footprint，Stewart planned to produce enough solar energy to power the school’s science labs.Now his plan is set to happen.To fix 30 solar panels (太阳能电池板) is scheduled for late November.
As he began his research on solar energy，he discovered a useful phone app.By entering an address，he could find out how much sunlight the location receives each day.Based on how much sunlight it receives，he found that his school building was the best location.At the suggestion of his science teacher，Debbie Wheeler，he first performed an energy calculation of the science lab to see how much energy a typical lab uses per day.Then，he started his research，contacting a local company of solar panels，Synergy Home，to do the job.He lacked money for starting the project，so he convinced Sayre’s head to support him after explaining the benefits of solar power for the school and community.
Since Sayre provided the initial seed money to provide infrastructure (基础设施) and the purchase of one panel，the project has grown to include a total of 30 panels.They are expected to produce enough energy to run all the science labs on campus.
“It feels like a dream to think that an idea I had from my AP Environmental class would have this kind of influence，”said Stewart，expressing gratitude for Wheeler’s help.Wheeler said the success of the project was due to Stewart’s efforts and willingness to follow through on the project from start to finish.“I’ve had other students talk about environmental initiatives (倡议) on campus，but Stewart had the persistence and courage to make it happen，”she said.
Stewart said that he would eventually like to study environmental engineering at Stanford University in California.
【语篇解读】　本文是新闻报道。美国塞尔学校16岁的学生帕克·斯图尔德为了减少碳足迹，通过自己的调查研究发现可以用太阳能为学校的实验室供电。
12．What did Stewart do with the help of the phone app?
A．He began his research on solar energy.
B．He found a perfect site for his project.
C．He did an energy calculation of the science lab.
D．He identified the specific address of his school.
答案　B　[细节理解题。根据第三段“By entering an address...the best location.”可知，通过手机应用程序，他为太阳能项目找到了完美的场地，故B项正确。]
13．How did Stewart get seed money for his project?
A．By getting support from his school.
B．By asking for help from his science teacher.
C．By convincing Synergy Home to provide free panels.
D．By collecting money from his school and community.
答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第四段首句中的“Since Sayre provided the initial seed money to provide infrastructure (基础设施) and the purchase of one panel”可知，斯图尔德的学校为该项目提供了启动资金，故A项正确。]
14．Which word can best describe Stewart?
A．Faithful. B．Flexible.
C．Determined. D．Addicted.
答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第五段第二句可知，老师认为该项目的成功归功于斯图尔德的努力和愿意将项目从头到尾贯彻到底的毅力。结合上文，从斯图尔德确定该项目后开始选址到联系当地企业和说服校方可以判断，斯图尔德是一个有决心的人，故C项正确。]
15．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Students search for solar energy.
B．A teacher helps a student do a project.
C．A student plays a part in cutting carbon footprints.
D．Students talk about the environmental protection.
答案　C　[文章大意题。通读全文可知，文章第二段为全文的主题段；全文围绕这一主题，讲述了16岁的学生斯图尔德为减少碳足迹，利用太阳能为学校的实验室供电，故C项正确。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2021·大连市高三双基测试卷)
Lacking chances to practise English？Thinking in English can bring you a huge step closer to fluency！It is not very difficult.__1__ Today，we will share some mental exercises with you.
A good first step is to think in individual words.Look around you.What do you see？__2__ As you continue with this，it becomes a habit.Things are going to flash into your head—computer，telephone，chair，desk，etc.，whatever it is and wherever you are.
__3__ For example，if you couldn’t think of the word “garage”，you can say in your mind，“The place inside which I put my car” or “It’s next to my house.I keep things there.”
The next exercise is thinking in simple sentences.For example，when sitting in a park，you can tell yourself things like，“It’s such a beautiful day！” and “People are playing.”__4__ You can also practise describing your daily activities.As beginning－level learners，you can describe the day using the simple present verb form，like “I put on my shirt.” and “He drives the bus.”You can also mentally make plans in the morning or list things you’ve done before going to bed.__5__ So the skill level is a little higher.
When you are practising it every day，over and over again，little by little，you are thinking in English.
A．It is extremely easy to understand.
B．This would require other verb tenses.
C．At some points，you will need a dictionary.
D．But it takes conscious effort and practice.
E．Then describe objects you don’t know the words for.
F．Try to name each object in your surroundings.
G．Once this becomes easy，you can move on to more difficult sentences.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。如果我们缺乏练习英语的机会，我们可以试着用英文思考，从简单的词开始，到简单的句子，坚持练习，我们就可以用英文思考了。
1．D　[考查上下文衔接。空前一句表述用英语思考并不难，空后一句表示“现在我们会和你分享一些头脑练习”，据此可知，空处应该会讲到对用英语思考的要求，故D项符合语境。]
2．F　[考查上下文衔接。根据第二段首句可知，本部分主要讲的是用英语思考单个词，空前的内容表述的是你在四周看到了什么，而空后的内容表述的是坚持练习的话，它会变成一个习惯；你的大脑会突然想到周围物体的英文名，因此空处讲的应该是(在大脑里)说出你周围的物体的(英文)名字，所以F项符合语境。]
3．E　[考查段落主旨句。空后所举的例子是为了说明你该怎样描述你不知道其英文名的物体，所以E项符合语境。]
4．G　[考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了你坐在公园的时候，可以想“这是如此美好的一天”“人们在玩耍”这样的句子，而空后一句讲到了你也可以练习描述你的日常活动，空处前后为由易到难地思考英语句子的过程，故G项符合语境。]
5．B　[考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了早上的时候，你可以(用英文)在大脑里制订今天的计划或睡觉之前，你可以把今天做过的事(用英文)罗列一下，而空后一句讲到了“所以技能等级高了一点”，据此可知，B项(这会需要其他的动词时态)符合语境，衔接上下文。]