黄金卷08-【赢在高考·黄金8卷】备战2023年高考英语模拟卷（广东、山东卷）

【赢在高考·黄金8卷】备战2023年高考英语模拟卷（山东、广东卷）

黄金卷08

（考试时间：120分钟  试卷满分：150分）

注意事项：

1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分  阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Dreaming of summer picnics filled with family and fun? We’ve come up with 4 of the top picnic areas across the US.

Cumberland Islands, Georgia

Just a few hours south of Savannah, this national seashore is a wonderful picnic place. It’s an unspoiled place in the Deep South with over 50 miles of hiking trails (小径). Covered in Spanish moss, the trails are lined with trees and since it’s still a rural area, the stars line up for a grand show at night and create the perfect evening starlit picnic opportunity.

Grant Park, Chicago

If you are looking for delicious food in Chicago, go for a taste of a 20-day, lake-front, foodie festival that happens in October each year. Grab a spot near the fountain to enjoy your picnic, appreciate the city scenery and lake views and relax with family and friends. If you are there on July 4th, be sure to plan the day to include the fireworks display at the Navy Pier.

Cranberry Islands, Maine

Here, you’ll enjoy natural picnics with island views. The islands are a delightful group of islands about 20 minutes offshore from Acadia National Park. You can visit the islands by private boat or ferry service. Bring a picnic basket along for the ride as it’s a romantic picnic area to take your special someone or go for a family outing to visit the islands.

Big Sur, California

The Point Lobos State Reserve is a small gem. Besides the coastal wildlife there are rare plant communities, and unique geological formations. It’s good to have a picnic there. We recommend bringing a telescope, because much of the wildlife can be seen only at a distance.

1. Why does the writer advise us to go to Cumberland Islands?

A. Because they are just next to Savannah.

B. Because they have a grand show every night.

C. Because they are almost covered in Spanish moss.

D. Because they keep their original ecology (生态).

2. Where can you enjoy observing wildlife with a telescope?

A. At the Navy Pier. B. At the Point Lobos State Reserve

C. At Acadia National Park. D. In the Deep South.

3. Where can we most probably read this passage?

A. In a personal dairy. B. In a science report.

C. In a geography textbook. D. In a travel magazine.

【答案】1. D    2. B    3. D

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四个最佳野餐地点。

【1题详解】

 细节理解题。根据第二段中Covered in Spanish moss, the trails are lined with trees and since it’s still a rural area, the stars line up for a grand show at night and create the perfect evening starlit picnic opportunity.（小路上爬满了西班牙苔藓，两旁种满了树。由于这里仍然是一个乡村地区，所以星星们会在晚上排起队来参加盛大的表演，这是在夜晚星光照耀下野餐的绝佳机会。）可知作者建议我们去坎伯兰群岛，因为那里保持着原生态。故选D。

【2题详解】

 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Besides the coastal wildlife there are rare plant communities, and unique geological formations. It’s good to have a picnic there. We recommend bringing a telescope, because much of the wildlife can be seen only at a distance.（除沿海野生动物外，还有珍稀植物群落和独特的地质构造。在那里野餐很好。我们建议带上望远镜，因为很多野生动物只能在远处看到。）可知在the Point Lobos国家保护区可以享受用望远镜观察野生动物的乐趣。故选B。

【3题详解】

 推理判断题。根据第一段Dreaming of summer picnics filled with family and fun? We’ve come up with 4 of the top picnic areas across the US.（梦想着充满家庭和乐趣的夏日野餐?我们列出了全美4个最佳野餐地。）以及文章主要介绍了四个最佳野餐地点可知最可能在一本旅游杂志上读到这篇文章。故选D。

B

In ancient Greece, purslane herb (马齿苋) was regarded as an important medicinal herb for treatment of fever, female disorders, stomachaches, and headaches, and Hippoctrates, the famous father of medicine, practically tried it for the healing of wounds. Purslane herb was later considered as a cold herb around the 17th. Century.

Purslane is today known as a beneficial juicy herb found as a weed throughout the world. Purslane is commonly used as an ingredient for salads. Purslane has been recently identified as an excellent source of alpha-linolenic acid (亚麻酸). Alpha-linolenic is a kind of an omega-3 fatty acid, also known as fish oil. This important content in purslane herb plays an important role in human growth, development and preventing disease. Modern medical research claims that purslane herb is five times richer in omega-3 fatty acids than another vegetable, and also is high in vitamin C.

Purslane has small, green leaves, which are usually delicate and juicy. The stem is round and smooth. Young plants have a green stem but as the plant matures the stems take on reddish colors. Flowers are 1/4 inch long and a brilliant yellow in color with 5 petals (花瓣), which contain round black seeds. Purslane herb presents a wide variety of medical uses and each part of the herb is beneficial. Purslane herb is widely used all over the world and here is its known benefit: Purslane is known as an excellent source of vitamins C and E and the essential alpha-linolenic acids.

Reports describe purslane as power food of the future because of its high value of nutrition and medicine. Purslane leaves contain Omega-3 fatty acids which regulate the metabolic (新陈代谢) activities of bodies. The stems of purslane herb are known to be high in vitamin C. Purslane-herb is known to have one of the best known concentrations of Omega-3 fatty acid.

4. In ancient Greece, Hippoctrates used purslane to treat ________.

A. Stomachaches B. Wounds C. Headaches D. Fever

5. Which is the correct description of purslane?

A. Its stems are round and strong.

B. Its leaves are big and green.

C. Its stems are red in color.

D. Its flowers are yellow in color.

6. Why is purslane considered as power food of the future?

A. Because its leaves are rich in vitamin C.

B. Because its stem contains Omega-3 fatty acids.

C. Because it is valuable in nutrition and medicine.

D. Because it regulates the metabolic activities of bodies.

7. What is the best title for this passage?

A. Purslane, a famous herb in the world

B. The basic knowledge about purslane

C. Purslane, a herb that benefits health

D. The medical research abut purslane

【答案】4. B    5. D    6. C    7. C

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了马齿苋是一种有益健康的草药。

【4题详解】

 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In ancient Greece, purslane herb (马齿苋) was regarded as an important medicinal herb for treatment of fever, female disorders, stomachaches, and headaches, and Hippoctrates, the famous father of medicine, practically tried it for the healing of wounds.(在古希腊，马齿苋被认为是治疗发烧、妇女病、胃痛、头痛的重要药材，著名的医学之父希波克拉底也曾尝试用马齿苋治疗伤口。)”可知，在古希腊，希波克拉底用马齿苋来治疗伤口。故选B。

【5题详解】

 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Flowers are 1/4 inch long and a brilliant yellow in color with 5 petals (花瓣), which contain round black seeds.(花长1/4英寸，明亮的黄色，有5个花瓣，花瓣上有圆形的黑色种子。)”可知，马齿苋的花是黄色的。故选D。

【6题详解】

 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Reports describe purslane as power food of the future because of its high value of nutrition and medicine.(报告将马齿苋描述为未来的能源食品，因为它具有很高的营养和药用价值。)”可知，马齿苋被认为是未来的能源食品，因为它在营养和医学上都很有价值。故选C。

【7题详解】

 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Purslane has been recently identified as an excellent source of alpha-linolenic acid (亚麻酸). Alpha-linolenic is a kind of an omega-3 fatty acid, also known as fish oil. This important content in purslane herb plays an important role in human growth, development and preventing disease. Modern medical research claims that purslane herb is five times richer in omega-3 fatty acids than another vegetable, and also is high in vitamin C.(马齿苋最近被认为是一种极好的亚麻酸来源。亚麻酸是一种omega-3脂肪酸，也被称为鱼油。马齿苋中的这一重要成分对人类的生长发育和预防疾病具有重要作用。现代医学研究表明，马齿苋的omega-3脂肪酸含量是其他蔬菜的五倍，而且维生素C含量也很高。)”可知，文章讲述了马齿苋是一种有益健康的草药。故选C。

C

Every summer artists perform at Fringe (边缘) Festivals around the world. Fringe Festivals are a celebration of strange art. They have all kinds of performers—from dancers, musicians and actors to everything in between. The shows give artists a chance to create unusual art. For festival goers, each show is a time to experience something different.

The first Fringe Festival was held in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1947. That was also the year of the first Edinburgh International Festival. Artists from around the world traveled to Scotland for the Edinburgh International Festival. They performed at arts centers throughout the city. Eight local theater companies did not receive an invitation, however. In response, they performed at smaller spaces around Edinburgh. These artists performed wherever they could, including churches and even on the street. They started their own cultural event and named it the Edinburgh Festival Fringe.

What started as an alternative to the mainstream has now become the world’s largest arts festival. Today, there are hundreds of Fringe Festivals taking place around the world. The one in Washington, D.C., called the Capital Fringe Festival, is in its tenth year. It was held in the month of July.

Julianne Brienza founded the Capital Fringe Festival. She went to a school for the performing arts, but now sees herself mainly as an organizer of the festival. Brienza believes that fringe performance art is special and can have a powerful effect.

The Capital Fringe Festival takes place in different locations throughout the D. C. area. Some performances happen in traditional theaters. Others happen in unusual settings like old, empty buildings or stores after business hours are over.

Brienza says the purpose of Fringe festivals is to explore the limits of art in unique environments. Since 2006, the event has made more than $1. 7 million. It is the second largest Fringe Festival in the U. S. and its popularity has grown every year. The Edinburgh Festival Fringe continues throughout the month of August.

8. Who may be interested in Fringe Festivals?

A. Strange art lovers.  B. Professional artists. 

C. Classical musicians.  D. Traditional culture supporters.

9. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?

A. Why Edinburgh became the global art center. 

B. How the first Fringe Festival came into being.

C. When the Edinburgh International Festival was held. 

D. Where the Edinburgh Festival Fringe was celebrated.

10. What can we know about the Capital Fringe Festival?

A. It is the world’s largest arts festival. 

B. It has no fixed places for celebration.

C. It can never be accepted by the public. 

D. It has a longer history than other festivals.

11. Which of the following may Brienza probably agree about Fringe Festivals?

A. They raise people’s love of festivals. B. They limit the development of arts.

C. Formal arts are looked down upon. D. Chances are offered to unusual arts.

【答案】8. A    9. B    10. B    11. D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了边缘艺术节的起源和发展情况。

【8题详解】

 推理判断题。根据第一段“Fringe Festivals are a celebration of strange art. They have all kinds of performers—from dancers, musicians and actors to everything in between.(边缘艺术节是奇怪艺术的庆典。它们有各种各样的表演者，从舞者、音乐家和演员到介于两者之间的一切)”可知，各种各样的表演者可能在边缘艺术节表演奇怪的艺术。由此推知，奇怪的艺术爱好者可能对边缘艺术节感兴趣。故选A项。

【9题详解】

 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Artists from around the world traveled to Scotland for the Edinburgh International Festival. They performed at arts centers throughout the city. Eight local theater companies did not receive an invitation, however. In response, they performed at smaller spaces around Edinburgh. These artists performed wherever they could, including churches and even on the street. They started their own cultural event and named it the Edinburgh Festival Fringe.(来自世界各地的艺术家前往苏格兰参加爱丁堡国际艺术节。他们在全市的艺术中心演出。然而，八家当地剧院公司没有收到邀请。作为回应，他们在爱丁堡周围较小的空间演出。这些艺术家尽可能在任何地方表演，包括教堂甚至街头。他们开始了自己的文化活动，并将其命名为爱丁堡边缘艺术节)”可知，八家当地剧院公司没有收到邀请参加爱丁堡国际艺术节，所以这些艺术家们开始了自己的文化活动，并将其命名为边缘艺术节，所以第二段主要介绍了第一届边缘艺术节是怎样产生的。故选B项。

【10题详解】

 细节理解题。根据第五段“The Capital Fringe Festival takes place in different locations throughout the D. C. area. Some performances happen in traditional theaters. Others happen in unusual settings like old, empty buildings or stores after business hours are over.(首都边缘艺术节在整个华盛顿地区的不同地点举行。有些表演在传统剧院进行。其他表演发生在不寻常的环境中，如旧的、空的建筑物或营业时间结束后的商店里)”可知，首都边缘艺术节没有固定的庆祝场所。故选B项。

【11题详解】

 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Brienza says the purpose of Fringe festivals is to explore the limits of art in unique environments. Since 2006, the event has made more than $1. 7 million. It is the second largest Fringe Festival in the U. S. and its popularity has grown every year.(布里恩扎说，边缘艺术节的目的是探索艺术在独特环境中的极限。自2006年以来，这项活动已经赚了170多万美元。这是美国第二大的边缘艺术节，它的受欢迎程度每年都在增长)”可知，边缘艺术节探索艺术在独特环境中的极限，且边缘艺术节的受欢迎程度每年都在增长，所以布里恩扎认为边缘艺术节可以让不寻常的艺术也可以得到机会。故选D项。

D

The sounds of the Northern Lights have been a mystery to scientists for over a century. But now it seems that a researcher has figured out how auroras (极光) really make sounds.

“It has pretty much been confirmed all over the world,” historian Fiona Amery said. “ In Canada, Norway and Russia, they are all hearing very much the same sounds.”

“The auroras can occur hundreds of kilometers above the ground,which strengthens opinions that their sounds are just a false impression,” said Fiona. Many scientists argued that auroras were too far away to hear and that any sound would take several minutes to reach the ground, so it was impossible for them to change in time with the auroras.

However, other scientists were convinced that the Northern Lights really made noises. In the 1920s, Canadian astronomer Clarence Chant first suggested a mechanism by which they could occur: The motion of the aurora caused changes in the electrification of the atmosphere that created crackling sounds close to the ground. Almost 100 years later, Clarence’s suggestion seems close to what could be the true reason for the sounds.

In 2012, an expert named Unto Laine showed a recording of auroral sounds after years of monitoring auroras. In 2016, he announced the mechanism that makes the sounds: an inversion layer (逆温层) of cold air in the atmosphere that can form below an aurora and a short distance above the ground in calm weather.

Unto argues that visible changes in the aurora cause changes in the inversion layer, causing accumulated electricity to discharge as sparks (火花) that create sounds that can be heard. That explains how the sounds correspond with the aurora’s visible movements — they begin to happen in the inversion layer only about 75 meters above the observer.

12. What are the words Fiona said in Paragraph 2 mainly about?

A. The existence of the sounds of the Northern Lights.

B. The need to make full use of the Northern Lights.

C. The problems caused by the Northern Lights.

D. The cause of the Northern Lights.

13. What can we learn about Clarence’s suggestion in the 1920s?

A. It matched a lot of old ideas. B. It was well recognized then.

C. It might be of great value. D. It was a total failure.

14. How does the author convey his idea in the text?

A. By listing research numbers. B. By making comparisons.

C. By providing explanations. D. By giving examples.

15. Which is the most suitable title for the text?

A. Can We Enjoy the Northern Lights?

B. Do the Northern Lights Make Sounds?

C. Why Should We Study the Northern Lights?

D. How Do the Northern Lights Come into Being?

【答案】12. A    13. C    14. D    15. B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。北极光是否会发声对科学家来说一直是个谜，但现在有研究证实了北极光是能够发声的。

【12题详解】

 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“‘It has pretty much been confirmed all over the world,’ historian Fiona Amery said. ‘In Canada, Norway and Russia, they are all hearing very much the same sounds.’”（历史学家菲奥娜·阿梅里说：“这几乎在全世界都得到了证实。”“在加拿大、挪威和俄罗斯，他们都听到了非常相同的声音。”）可推知，第二段Fiona所说的话主要表明北极光声音是存在的。故选A项。

【13题详解】

 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In the 1920s, Canadian astronomer Clarence Chant first suggested a mechanism by which they could occur: The motion of the aurora caused changes in the electrification of the atmosphere that created crackling sounds close to the ground. Almost 100 years later, Clarence’s suggestion seems close to what could be the true reason for the sounds.”（20世纪20年代，加拿大天文学家克拉伦斯·钱特首次提出了一种可能发生极光的机制：极光的运动引起了大气带电的变化，在接近地面的地方产生了噼里啪啦的声音。近100年后，克拉伦斯的推测似乎接近了这些声音产生的真正原因。）可知，人们发现克拉伦斯·钱特在20世纪20年代提出的推测似乎接近极光声音产生的真正原因，所以它 现在仍然可能有很大的价值。故选C项。

【14题详解】

 推理判断题。根据文章第二段Fiona Amery所说、文章第四段“In the 1920s,Canadian astronomer Clarence Chant first suggested a mechanism by which they could occur: The motion of the aurora caused changes in the electrification of the atmosphere that created crackling sounds close to the ground.”（20世纪20年代，加拿大天文学家克拉伦斯·钱特首次提出了一种可能发生极光的机制：极光的运动引起了大气带电的变化，在接近地面的地方产生了噼里啪啦的声音。）和文章倒数第二段“In 2012,an expert named Unto Laine showed a recording of auroral sounds after years of monitoring auroras.”（2012年，一位名叫托恩·莱恩的专家在对极光进行了多年的监测后，展示了一段极光声音的录音。）可知，文章列举了Fiona Amery、Clarence Chant和Unto Laine对北极光发声原理的研究，所以作者是通过举例的方法来表达他的想法。故选D项。

【15题详解】

 主旨大意题。通读全文并结合文章第一段“The sounds of the Northern Lights have been a mystery to scientists for over a century. But now it seems that a researcher has figured out how auroras (极光) really make sounds.”（一个多世纪以来，北极光的声音对科学家来说一直是个谜。但现在，一位研究人员似乎已经弄清楚了极光(极光)是如何发出声音的。）可知，文章主要是围绕对“北极光的声音”这一谜团的研究展开。故B选项“Do the Northern Lights Make Sounds?(北极光会发出声音吗?)”是最佳标题。故选B项。

第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Learning to Give Praise to Others

Words of praise, when used right, can have powerful positive effects on others. They are free, but they’re worth so much to the receiving person. ___16___ Your members didn’t follow you because of salaries but for more altruistic (利他的) reasons. Therefore, it is important that you give them the praise that is due for their efforts.

___17___ Don’t say, “You look good today.” when you could have said, “You look amazing today!” Don’t say, “Thanks for your effort.” Instead say, “I’m so thankful for your being on this project, we couldn’t have finished it without you!”

Of course, with what I have mentioned above, be sure it’s coming from your heart. ___18___ Don’t praise if you don’t have a hint of appreciation for the person. Trust me, it will show in your eyes and the other party will feel upset. Insincere praise is flattery (恭维); you attempt to gain something from saying good things about the other person.

Besides, praising in public is rather important. ___19___ When you praise a partner in public, you lift him up and his conduct for everyone in the room to see. Look for opportunities where you can publicly celebrate the hard work of certain people and make them feel they are great.

I believe that as you begin using these communication tips and praising people around you, you’ll see a change in the atmosphere of your work environment. ___20___ Eventually, you’ll find yourself with a more effective team!

A. So you need to be sincere in praise.

B. This is more so in voluntary organizations.

C. People will become happier and smile more.

D. Words aren’t always necessary in praising others.

E. It is much more effective than praising in private.

F. Remember that measured praise is not praise at all.

G. The best way to give praise is by being an example.

【答案】16. B    17. F    18. A    19. E    20. C

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述如何表扬他人的建议。

【16题详解】

 下文“Your members didn’t follow you because of salaries but for more altruistic (利他的) reasons. Therefore, it is important that you give them the praise that is due for their efforts.”（成员跟随着你并不是为了薪水，而是因为更多利他原因。因此，对他们的努力表示赞美是非常重要的）与B. This is more so in voluntary organizations.（志愿组织更是如此）承接自然，选项中的voluntary呼应下文的but for more altruistic (利他的) reasons（志愿者不是为了工资，而是为了其他利他原因而工作）。故选B。

【17题详解】

 根据下文的“Don’t say, “You look good today.” when you could have said, “You look amazing today!” Don’t say, “Thanks for your effort.” Instead say, “I’m so thankful for your being on this project; we couldn’t have finished it without you!””（当你本可以说“你今天看起来很棒”时不要说“你今天看起来不错”。不要说“谢谢你的努力”，而要说“非常感谢你来参加这个项目，没有你我们不可能完成它”）可知，作者建议表扬他人时不要吝惜言辞。E项“记住，有尺度的赞美根本不是赞美。”符合上下文语境，也是本段的主题句。故选F。

【18题详解】

 根据上文“Of course, with what I have mentioned above, be sure it’s coming from your heart.”（当然，对于我以上提到的，要确保的是这些话是发自你的内心）和下文“Don’t praise if you don’t have a hint of appreciation for the person.”（如果你没有一点欣赏的意思就不要赞美）可知，赞美一定要发自内心，所以当你赞美他人时一定要真诚。A项“所以你需要真诚的赞美。” 符合上下文语境。故选A。

【19题详解】

 根据上文“Besides, praising in public is rather important.”（此外，在公开场合赞美也非常重要）和下文“When you praise a partner in public, you lift him up and his conduct for everyone in the room to see.”（当你在公开场合赞美搭档时，你就提升了他，让在场的所有人都看到他的行为）可知，公开赞美他人比私下赞美好。E项“它比私下赞美要有效得多。”符合语境，选项中的it指代上文提到的praising in public。故选E。

【20题详解】

 根据上文的“I believe that as you begin using these communication tips and praising people around you, you’ll see a change in the atmosphere of your work environment.”（我相信，当你开始使用这些沟通技巧，以及赞美你周围的人时，你会看到你的工作氛围的改变。）和下文“Eventually, you’ll find yourself with a more effective team!”（最终，你会发现你自己拥有一个更高效的团队。）可知，设空处应陈述工作氛围变得越来越好。C项“人们会变得越来越快乐，微笑也更多”符合语境。故选C。

第二部分  语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节  完形填空（共15小题；每小题1.分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Lenore Skenazy is a New York journalist. When she wrote about how she had left her nine -year -old son in central New York and let him take the subway home alone, she caused a ____21____ media storm. Her son, Izzy, whose ____22____ the expedition(出行) had been, was happy with the experience. He arrived home safely, ____23____ about his independence. He had been begging for weeks to be ____24____ out on his own and to travel unsupervised(无人监督的). Ms Skenazy gave Izzy a subway map, twenty dollars and some ____25____ in case he needed to make a phone call. But Ms Skenazy’s actions landed her in a huge ____26____. Although many came out to____27____ her, she was labeled “America’s worst mom” by others. “My son had simply done what most people my age had done ____28____ when they were his age: gone somewhere on his own, without a security detail.” She wrote____29____. “The problem with this dangerous idea is that overprotectiveness is a _____30_____ in itself. A child who thinks he can’t do anything _____31_____ eventually can’t.”

So. are we living in a risk-averse(风险规避的) culture where we limit our children’s ability to _____32_____ danger by never allowing them to take reasonable _____33_____? Does western society give its children too much _____34_____? Or did Ms Skenazy’s actions _____35_____ her son in unnecessary danger? What do you think?

21. A. embarrassing B. fierce C. illegal D. pleasant

22. A. idea B. emotion C. outcome D. mission

23. A. surprised B. frightened C. annoyed D. excited

24. A. requested B. allowed C. desired D. invited

25. A. change B. property C. benefit D. wage

26. A. arrangement B. argument C. movement D. violence

27. A. support B. follow C. confirm D. define

28. A. possibly B. usually C. eventually D. nearly

29. A. alongside B. earlier C. afterwards D. sooner

30. A. fear B. pressure C. disability D. danger

31. A. on his own B. in his way C. now and then D. more or less

32. A. get into B. look into C. take on D. deal with

33. A. steps B. risks C. charge D. control

34. A. stress B. freedom C. protection D. barrier

35. A. appeal B. fancy C. involve D. occur

【答案】21. B    22. A    23. D    24. B    25. A    26. B    27. A    28. B    29. C    30. D    31. A    32. D    33. B    34. C    35. C

【解析】

【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述Lenore Skenazy女士把自己9岁的儿子留在纽约市中心，让他独自坐地铁回家引发了争议的事情。

【21题详解】

 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当她写到她如何把9岁的儿子留在纽约市中心，让他独自坐地铁回家时，引发了一场激烈的媒体风暴。A. embarrassing令人尴尬的；B. fierce激烈的；C. illegal非法的；D. pleasant令人愉快的。根据下文“Although many came out to____27____ her, she was labeled “America’s worst mom” by others.”可知，Lenore Skenazy女士的行为引发了社会上激烈的争议。故选B。

【22题详解】

 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的儿子Izzy想到的这个想法，并且对这次经历感到很高兴。A. idea想法；B. emotion情感；C. outcome结果；D. mission任务。根据下文“the expedition”可知，这里指的是Izzy独自坐地铁回家的主意。故选A。

【23题详解】

 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他安全到家了，并且对这次经历感到很兴奋。A. surprised吃惊的；B. frightened害怕的；C. annoyed心烦的；D. excited兴奋的。根据上文“Her son, Izzy, whose ____22____ the expedition(出行) had been, was happy with the experience.”可知，Izzy对独自坐地铁回家的经历感到很兴奋。故选D。

【24题详解】

 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他已经恳求几个星期了，想要被允许一个人去旅行。A. requested要求；B. allowed允许；C. desired渴望；D. invited邀请。根据上文“He had been begging”和下文“out on his own”可知，Izzy一直恳求父母，他能够被允许一个人去旅行。故选B。

【25题详解】

 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Skenazy女士给了Izzy一张地铁地图、二十美元和一些零钱，以防他需要打电话。A. change零钱；B. property财产；C. benefit好处；D. wage工资。根据下文“in case he needed to make a phone call”可知，使用公用电话需要零钱。故选A。

【26题详解】

 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但Skenazy女士的行为让她陷入了一场激烈的争论。A. arrangement安排；B. argument争论；C. movement移动；D. violence暴力。根据上文“When she wrote about how she had left her nine -year -old son in central New York and let him take the subway home alone, she caused a ____21____ media storm.”可知，Lenore Skenazy女士的行为引发了社会上激烈的争议。故选B。

【27题详解】

 考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管许多人出来支持她，但是她仍然被别人贴上“美国最糟糕的母亲”的标签。A. support支持；B. follow跟随；C. confirm证实；D. define下定义。根据上文“Although”可知，上下文是转折关系，下文提到她仍然被别人贴上“美国最糟糕的母亲”的标签，所以对应的应该是有人支持她。故选A。

【28题详解】

 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她后来写到：“我的儿子只是做了我这个年龄段的大多数人在他这个年龄时经常做的事情：独自去了某个地方，没有安全信息。” A. possibly可能；B. usually经常；C. eventually最终；D. nearly几乎。根据上文“My son had simply done what most people my age had done”可知，这里是指一个人出去是Skenazy他们在那个年龄时经常做的事情。故选B。

【29题详解】

 考查副词词义辨析。句意：见第8题详解。A. alongside沿着；B. earlier更早；C. afterwards后来；D. sooner更快。根据上文““My son had simply done what most people my age had done ____28____ when they were his age: gone somewhere on his own, without a security detail.””可知，这是Skenazy后来写的内容。故选C。

【30题详解】

 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种危险想法的问题在于，过度保护本身就是一种危险。一个认为自己不能独自做任何事情的孩子最终就不能独自做任何事情。A. fear害怕；B. pressure压力；C. disability残疾；D. danger危险。根据上文“The problem with this dangerous idea is that overprotectiveness is a”可知，这里是指过度保护是不对的，本身就是一种危险。故选D。

【31题详解】

 考查固定短语辨析。句意：见第10题详解。A. on his own靠他自己；B. in his way以他的方式；C. now and then偶尔；D. more or less或多或少。根据上文“gone somewhere on his own”可知，这里是指独自一个人做事情。故选A。

【32题详解】

 考查动词短语辨析。句意：那么，我们是否生活在一种厌恶风险的文化中，我们从不允许孩子承担合理的风险，从而限制了他们处理危险的能力？A. get into进入；B. look into研究；C. take on呈现；D. deal with处理。根据上文“we limit our children’s ability to”可知，这里指限制了孩子们独自处理问题的能力。故选D。

【33题详解】

 考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第12题详解。A. steps步子；B. risks冒险；C. charge管理；D. control控制。根据上文“we limit our children’s ability to ____32____ danger by never allowing them to take reasonable”可知，作者认为家长们没有允许孩子承担合理的风险。故选B。

【34题详解】

 考查名词词义辨析。句意：西方社会给它的孩子们太多的保护吗？A. stress压力；B. freedom自由；C. protection保护；D. barrier障碍。根据上文“she was labeled “America’s worst mom” by others.”可知，作者提出，西方社会给了它的孩子们太多的保护。故选C。

【35题详解】

 考查动词词义辨析。句意：或者是Skenazy女士的行为让她的孩子牵涉了不必要的危险？A. appeal吸引；B. fancy喜欢；C. involve涉及；D. occur发生。根据下文“her son in unnecessary danger”可知，这里是指一些人认为Skenazy女士的行为让她的孩子牵涉了不必要的危险。故选C。

第二节（共10小题：每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）

    阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Celebrating the Minor Festival(小年)

The 23rd of La is celebrated as the Minor Festival, the festival mood of ___36___ begins to pick up, from 23rd of La onwards. There are more and more traders’ stands along the streets filled with ___37___ variety of Spring Festival goods that catch the eyes: Spring Festival couplets, New Year paintings, window ___38___ (decoration), paper cuts, fireworks etc. You can hear traders calling for business up and down the streets. The Minor Festival is also known ___39___the Kitchen God Day. In the past, Kitchen God, ___40___ (place) next above or next to the stove, was adored in every household. On this day, Kitchen God was to go and report to Jade Emperor(玉帝) in Heaven what he ___41___ (witness) on earth. Kitchen God was believed to be able to determine fortunes or misfortunes of the household, to make it rich or poor, ___42___, the household took great care to adore Kitchen God as best they could and not to disrespect him in any event. Among the offerings presented to Kitchen God, there was the ___43___ (stick) sugar. When Kitchen God took it, his teeth and lips got stuck up and couldn’t report to Jade Emperor for anything that would be harmful to the household. ___44___ the adoring was over, the picture of Kitchen God ____45____(burn) and people believed he went up to Heaven while crackers were fired.

【答案】36. which    37. a    38. decorations    39. as    40. placed   

41. had witnessed    42. thus##therefore    43. sticky    44. When##After    45. was burned## was burnt

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了中国的小年的习俗和庆祝活动以及它的重要性。

【36题详解】

 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：腊月23日被称为小年，从23日起，小年的节日气氛开始升温。分享句子可知，本句含有介词+which引导的定语从句。先行词为the Minor Festival，在非限制性定语从句中做介词的宾语，故用which引导。故填which。

【37题详解】

 考查固定搭配。句意：街上有越来越多的货摊，摆满了各种各样的春节商品，吸引了人们的眼球：春联、年画、窗饰、剪纸、烟花等。a variety of各种各样的，是固定短语，故填a。

【38题详解】

 考查名词的数。句意：同上。decoration“装饰品”可数名词，无不定冠词修饰和限定，所以用复数名词泛指，故填decorations。

【39题详解】

 考查固定搭配。句意：小年也被称为灶神节。分析句子可知，空格处应填入冠词。be known as意为“被称为……”，故填as。

【40题详解】

 考查过去分词。句意：过去，灶神被放在炉子的旁边或上方，家家户户都很崇拜。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词。place和它所修饰的词之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填placed。

【41题详解】

 考查时态。句意：这一天，灶神要去报告玉皇大帝他在人间目睹的一切。分析句子可知，主句用的一般过去时，what引导的宾语从句描述过去的过去，所以用过去完成时，故填had witnessed。

【42题详解】

 考查副词。句意：灶神被认为能够决定家庭的命运或不幸，使家庭富裕或贫穷，因此，家庭非常注意尽可能崇拜灶神，并且在任何情况下都不会不尊重他。前后为因果关系，后面有逗号，所以用副词therefore或thus表达。故填therefore或thus。

【43题详解】

 考查形容词。句意：在献给灶神的祭品中，有一种是粘糖。作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词，stick的形容词形式是sticky。故填sticky。

【44题详解】

 考查连词。句意：当崇拜仪式结束后，灶神的画像被烧了，人们相信他是在放鞭炮的时候升天的。分析句子可知，空格处应填入状语从句的引导词。由句意可知，此处指“当崇拜仪式结束后”，故填after或when用的时间状语从句。故填After或When。

【45题详解】

 考查时态语态。句意：同上。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据下文people believed he went up to Heaven可知，此处用一般过去时态，句子主语和burn之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为单数名词，故填was burned /was burnt。

第三部分  写作（共两节, 满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

46. 假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华,你所在城市近年来交通拥堵越来越严重,请你以学生会的名义向

全校师生写一封绿色出行的倡议书。内容包括：

1.绿色出行的意义；

2．绿色出行的方式；3．提出号召。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80左右；

2．可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯；

3．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Students’ Union

【答案】One possible version:

With private cars increasing, the traffic jams in our city have become more and more serious, so l, on behalf of the Students’ Union, am writing to appeal to everyone to go green.

Through green travel, we can not only contribute to a sustainable environment by saving resources but also have a healthy lifestyle. To achieve that, I suggest that we should first further raise awareness of the importance of green travel. Besides, it’s significant for us to ride bicycles or choose public transport instead of private vehicles as much as possible, which can avoid traffic jams and improve our health.

lt is high time that we should travel in a green way. A small act makes a great difference. Let’s act now and enjoy a green life!

The Students’ Union

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生对自己所在城市的交通拥堵问题，以学生会的名义向全校师生写一封绿色出行的倡议书。

【详解】1. 词汇积累

代表：on behalf of → represent

呼吁：appeal to → call on

行动起来：act → take action

为……做贡献、促成： contribute to→make contributions to

2. 句式拓展

同义句转换

原句：With private cars increasing, the traffic jams in our city have become more and more serious, ...

转换句：As private cars are increasing, the traffic jams in our city have become more and more serious, ...

【点睛】[高分句型1]

To achieve that, I suggest that we should first further raise awareness of the importance of green travel. （suggest后的宾语从句运用了should do的虚拟语气）

[高分句型2]

Besides, it’s significant for us to ride bicycles or choose public transport instead of private vehicles as much as possible, which can avoid traffic jams and improve our health.（运用了it作形式主语和which引导的非限制性定语从句）

第二节（满分25分）

    阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。

“Ugh, chicken rolls again? I hate chicken rolls!” Matt yelled. “I’m not eating this.” Matt’s mom and dad looked at each other. Matt’s outbursts had been happening at least once a week all summer long.

“You know what, Matt? We’re going to let you take over dinnertime from now on. You can pick the meals and cook them, as long as they’re healthy,” Mom said.

“Good, we’re going to eat good food every night!” Matt answered.

The next day, Dad sat down with Matt to make the meal plan so he could go grocery shopping. Matt had already been thinking about his favorite dinners. “We’re going to have beef tonight, and spaghetti tomorrow, and macaroni (通心粉) and cheese the next day,” Matt started.

“Woah, hold on now,” Dad said. “What else are we going to have with the beef? We need to have at least one vegetable with each meal, and usually we have another side to go with it.”

“Oh, yeah. Um, we can have corn with the beef,” Matt said.

“Sophia does not like corn,” said Dad.

“Well, it’s my choice, so I’m going to make corn,” Matt replied.

“OK, but she might complain at dinner tonight. Are you ready for that?” Dad asked.

“Yeah, whatever,” Matt answered.

Matt and his dad spent the next hour figuring out the whole week’s meals and side dishes. It was a lot more work than Matt expected, and almost every time he picked something out, his dad would tell him that someone in the family wouldn’t like it. It was very frustrating. “This is impossible!” Matt said.

“Yes, it is hard. Your mother and I try very hard to make everyone happy, but everyone has different tastes, and sometimes, we just can’t please everyone.”

“Fine, we’ll have to just go with this plan this week. Next week I’ll try to make everyone happy,” replied Matt.

注意:1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

When finishing grocery shopping, it was time for Matt to make his first meal.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Two hours had passed by before the dishes were ready on the table.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】参考范文

When finishing grocery shopping, it was time for Matt to make his first meal. Looking at the grocery he deadly wanted to eat, Matt felt so excited and confident about the dinner to be made by him at first. But the reality gave him a lesson soon. When he tried to fry the beef, he didn’t know how to control the fire, so that the beef was burning. His parents wanted to lend him a hand but he refused it and finally he made it in the fourth time with the help of the cooking video! For the corn, he just boiled it and covered some cream on it.

Two hours had passed by before the dishes were ready on the table. Deadly exhausted, Matt felt so proud of himself and anticipated the praises from his families. “Ew, this beef tastes very odd,” Sophia said. Matt took a bite. It did taste odd. But he’d worked so hard! He felt like he might cry. “It’s OK, Matt, cooking is hard. It takes a long time to figure it out. Sophia, just be nice. Matt worked really hard on this dinner. We should appreciate it.” Mom said. “I’m sorry…” he apologized. Since then, it downed on Matt that he should treat every meal from his parents with respect and appreciation.

【解析】

【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Matt对妈妈做的饭很挑剔，每周至少会发一次脾气，妈妈让Matt自己准备饭菜，Matt和妈妈开始制作饮食计划，可是每次他想出来的菜都会包括家里有人不喜欢的东西，爸爸告诉Matt自己和妈妈非常努力地让每个人都开心，但每个人的品味不同，有时就是不能让每个人都满意，Matt说这周就按照这个计划来，下周会尽力让每个人都开心。

【详解】1.段落续写：

①由第一段首句内容“买完东西后，马特就开始做他的第一顿饭了。”可知，第一段可描写马特是如何做第一顿饭的。

②由第二段首句内容“两个小时过去了，菜才上桌。”可知，第二段可描写家人对马特做的饭菜的评价和马特的改变。

2.续写线索：为做饭感到激动——做饭过程——期待赞扬——家人的评价——妈妈安慰——马特道歉和改变

3.词汇激活

行为类

①尝试：try to do/attempt to do

②期待：anticipate/expect

③道歉：apologize/make an apology

情绪类

①激动的：excited/thrilled

②自豪：feel proud of/take pride in

【点睛】[高分句型1] Looking at the grocery he deadly wanted to eat, Matt felt so excited and confident about the dinner to be made by him at first. (由关系代词that/which引导的定语从句，省略了that/which和现在分词作状语)

[高分句型2] Since then, it downed on Matt that he should treat every meal from his parents with respect and appreciation.(由that引导的主语从句)