专题02 七选五冲刺高考英语大题突破+限时集训（江苏专用）

这是一份专题02 七选五冲刺高考英语大题突破+限时集训（江苏专用），文件包含专题02七选五冲刺高考英语大题突破+限时集训江苏专用解析版docx、专题02七选五冲刺高考英语大题突破+限时集训江苏专用原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共39页， 欢迎下载使用。
专题02 七选五
冲刺高考英语大题突破
（解析版）

该试题给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。对该题型命题目的的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。

（2022·江苏·模拟预测）
Do you experience worries that get stuck in your head? Do these thoughts come with physical symptoms such as restlessness, muscle tension, or a racing heart? ____1____
Your parents may help you move past anxiety by telling you “You don’t feel safe, but you are safe” and giving you space to experience discomfort and coming out the other side of it. ____2____ Many of these are the ones that you can apply in the moment without them being obvious to others.
● Practise mindful noticing. Mindfulness is the exercise of being aware in the moment and noticing your thoughts and feelings without judgment. Practising mindfulness can help shift your focus away from anxious thoughts and toward self-regulation. Try focusing on an object in the environment and giving it all your attention. ____3____ The more details you point out, the more your brain will focus on that object instead of the anxious thoughts.
● ____4____ More demanding than simply counting in order, randomly picking numbers requires more attention. Again, this shifts attention away from anxiety-related thoughts and onto the task of reciting random numbers, which, though boring, do not cause anxiety.
● “Silence, Bruno!” ____5____ Recognizing an anxious thought for what it is can help put things in perspective and give one the chance to challenge the unhelpful thoughts. Disney’s 2021 film Luca delightfully demonstrates this skill. The character, Alberto, tells his friend Luca to quiet the doubt and fight against thoughts (Bruno) in his head by shouting, “Silence, Bruno!”
A．Recite numbers in order.
B．Count numbers randomly.
C．The best way is to talk back to anxiety.
D．If so, you may be suffering from anxiety.
E．The response is to look away from your anxiety.
F．And there are other techniques that can be helpful.
G．Do this by describing all the details of some object within your view.

【答案】1．D    2．F    3．G    4．B    5．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了焦虑的一些症状以及应对焦虑的有效方法。
1．根据上文“Do you experience worries that get stuck in your head? Do these thoughts come with physical symptoms such as restlessness, muscle tension, or a racing heart? (你是否有过挥之不去的担忧？这些想法是否伴随着身体症状，如不安、肌肉紧张或心跳加速？)”和下文“Your parents may help you move past anxiety …(你的父母可能会帮助你克服焦虑……)”可知，空处承接上文，说明上文提到的“不安、肌肉紧张或心跳加速”等症状都是正在遭受焦虑的反映。D项：If so, you may be suffering from anxiety.(如果是这样，你可能正遭受焦虑。)符合语境。故选D。
2．根据上文“Your parents may help you move past anxiety by telling you “You don’t feel safe, but you are safe” and giving you space to experience discomfort and coming out the other side of it. (你的父母可能会告诉你“你觉得不安全，但你是安全的”，并给你空间来体验不舒服，然后走出它的另一边，从而帮助你摆脱焦虑。)”和下文“Many of these are the ones that you can apply in the moment without them being obvious to others.( 其中的许多方法都是你可以在不被别人察觉的情况下应用的。)”可知，上文提到父母所用的方法，空处说明还有其他方法，F项中的“there are other techniques”和“Many of these”对应。F项：And there are other techniques that can be helpful.(还有其他一些有用的技巧。)符合语境。故选F。
3．根据上文“Try focusing on an object in the environment and giving it all your attention.(试着把注意力集中在环境中的一个物体上，把你所有的注意力都放在它上。)”和下文“The more details you point out, the more your brain will focus on that object instead of the anxious thoughts.(你指出的细节越多，你的大脑就会越关注那个物体，而不是焦虑的想法。)”可知，空处提到集中注意力之后的具体做法，G项中的“all the details”和下文的“The more details”对应。G项：Do this by describing all the details of some object within your view.(通过在你的视图中描述一些对象的所有细节来做到这一点。)符合语境。故选G。
4．空处为段落主题句。根据下文“More demanding than simply counting in order, randomly picking numbers requires more attention.( 比简单的按顺序数数要求更高，随机选择数字需要更多的注意力。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是数数的问题，B项中的“Count numbers randomly.”与下文的“numbers”对应。B项：Count numbers randomly.(随机数数。)符合语境。故选B。
5．根据下文“Recognizing an anxious thought for what it is can help put things in perspective and give one the chance to challenge the unhelpful thoughts.(认识到焦虑的想法可以帮助你正确看待事物，给你机会去挑战那些无益的想法。)”和“The character, Alberto, tells his friend Luca to quiet the doubt and fight against thoughts (Bruno) in his head by shouting, “Silence, Bruno!”(阿尔贝托告诉他的朋友卢卡，通过大喊“安静，布鲁诺!”来平息他头脑中的怀疑和想法(布鲁诺)。)”可知，本段主要讨论的是要正确对待焦虑，空处说明最好的方法是反驳焦虑。C项：The best way is to talk back to anxiety.(最好的方法是对焦虑进行回应。)符合语境。故选C。

“七选五”做题技巧概括：“四看，三注意”
四看：
一看全文，了解文章大意。 二看设空位置，明确设空题型。“七选五”一般有两种设空位置：段首，和段中。 位于段首，一般是需要一个能概括该段大意的句子，但要注意该空不排除承接上段，引出下文的作用；位于段中，则需要填入承上启下句。
三看文章结构。高考试题中“七选五”一般都是“总-分”或“总-分-总”结构的文章。分析结构时可以确定好每个段落的中心词语。四看七个选项。其实说“看”，对于做好“七选五”来说是远远不够的，拿到一篇“七选五”应该对这七个选项进行认真都透彻的分析。分析的主要形式有两种：一，在读过文章的基础上，要根据文章内容对七个选项进行对应归类；二，个别无法归类的选项应该，至少要筛选出中心词。这样做其实都是在缩小选择范围，有针对性的选择。
“三注意”包括
1.在作出选择时，注意结合上下文的语境。
2.在做选择时，要仔细阅读文章及选项的句子，看看有没有出现需要结合句子的形式结构来选择的选项
3.注意文中的代词指向。空处及空处先后出现的代词词语“代有所指”。在详读文章和选项的过程中，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，特别是选项中以及空格附近句子中出现的代词。根据代词的单复数和其在句子中所作的成分，我们可以找出代词指代的名词或者句子，从而帮助我们解题。

（A）
（2022江苏统考试卷）
Good health can be defined as physical, mental, and social wellbeing, and as a resource for living a full life. But maintaining good health doesn’t happen by accident. ____1____
Studies have found that inflammation (炎症) can damage tissue, joints, artery walls, and organs. A healthy diet is rich in fiber, whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, good or unsaturated fats, and omega-3 fatty acids. ____2____ The Mediterranean diet meets all of the criteria for good health, and there is convincing evidence that it is effective at warding off heart attack, stroke, and premature death.
Physical activity is also necessary for good health. There are many benefits to exercising regularly. These include a lower risk of diseases like cancer and diabetes, improved physical function, and a higher quality of life. ____3____ For example, pregnant women who engage in routine physical activity are less likely to gain a large amount of weight or experience depression after giving birth, elderly people who exercise are at lower risk of being injured during a fall.
Stress can have both direct and indirect effects that undermine physical health and body. Finding ways to reduce stress is another strategy that can help you stay healthy, given the connection between stress and a variety of disorders. ____4____ Try meditation, mindfulness, yoga, playing on weekends, and taking vacations.
____5____ If something happens to your health, a physician you know—and who knows you—is in the best position to help. He or she knows how to deal with everything from helping you through a bout with the flu to back pain and digestion issues, to uncovering serious illnesses like cancer and heart disease.
A．There are many ways to relieve stress.
B．Exercising can also benefit certain groups.
C．Aim for 150 minutes of exercise every week.
D．Have consultations with famous and reliable doctors.
E．These dietary components can turn down inflammation.
F．Establish a good relationship with a primary care physician.
G．It requires work, smart lifestyle choices, and regular checkups.

【答案】1．G    2．E    3．B    4．A    5．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了保持健康的方法。
1．由上文“But maintaining good health doesn’t happen by accident. (但保持健康并非偶然)”和下文第二段“The Mediterranean diet meets all of the criteria for good health, and there is convincing evidence that it is effective at warding off heart attack, stroke, and premature death. (地中海饮食符合健康的所有标准，有令人信服的证据表明，地中海饮食能有效预防心脏病发作、中风和过早死亡)”，第三段“Physical activity is also necessary for good health. (身体活动对健康也是必要的)”，第四段“Finding ways to reduce stress is another strategy that can help you stay healthy, given the connection between stress and a variety of disorders. (考虑到压力和各种疾病之间的联系，寻找减轻压力的方法是另一种可以帮助你保持健康的策略)”和最后一段“If something happens to your health, a physician you know—and who knows you—is in the best position to help. (如果你的健康出现问题，请你认识的医生为您提供最佳帮助)”可知，保持健康不是随意为之，需要在生活方式（饮食和减轻压力）、锻炼和看医生方面下功夫，G选项“它需要锻炼、明智的生活方式选择和定期检查。”切题，引出下文讲保持健康的具体方法。故选G项。
2．E选项“这些饮食成分可以减少炎症。”承接上文“Studies have found that inflammation (炎症) can damage tissue, joints, artery walls, and organs. A healthy diet is rich in fiber, whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables, good or unsaturated fats, and omega-3 fatty acids. (研究发现，炎症会损伤组织、关节、动脉壁和器官。健康的饮食富含纤维、全谷物、新鲜水果和蔬菜、优质或不饱和脂肪以及欧米伽-3脂肪酸)”讲健康饮食成分带来的好处——减少炎症。故选E项。
3．由上文“Physical activity is also necessary for good health. There are many benefits to exercising regularly. These include a lower risk of diseases like cancer and diabetes, improved physical function, and a higher quality of life. (身体活动对健康也是必要的。经常锻炼有很多好处。这包括降低患癌症和糖尿病等疾病的风险，改善身体机能，提高生活质量)”可知锻炼有好处，B选项“锻炼对某些群体也有好处。”承接上文，也提出观点，引出下文“For example, pregnant women who engage in routine physical activity are less likely to gain a large amount of weight or experience depression after giving birth, elderly people who exercise are at lower risk of being injured during a fall. (例如，从事日常体育活动的孕妇在分娩后体重增加或抑郁的可能性较小，而锻炼身体的老年人在跌倒时受伤的风险较低)”具体举例说明锻炼对哪些群体有好处。故选B项。
4．由上文“Finding ways to reduce stress is another strategy that can help you stay healthy, given the connection between stress and a variety of disorders. (考虑到压力和各种疾病之间的联系，寻找减轻压力的方法是另一种可以帮助你保持健康的策略)”和下文“Try meditation, mindfulness, yoga, playing on weekends, and taking vacations. (尝试冥想、正念、瑜伽、周末玩耍和度假)”可知，承接上下文，A选项“有很多方法可以缓解压力。”切题，讲减压的方法。故选A项。
5．由下文“If something happens to your health, a physician you know—and who knows you—is in the best position to help. He or she knows how to deal with everything from helping you through a bout with the flu to back pain and digestion issues, to uncovering serious illnesses like cancer and heart disease. (如果你的健康出现问题，请你认识的医生为您提供最佳帮助。他或她知道如何处理一切，从帮助你度过流感、背痛和消化问题，到发现癌症和心脏病等严重疾病)”可知，下文所讲的医生应该是初级保健医生，可得出作者建议读者有问题就联系初级保健医生，承接下文，F选项“与初级保健医生建立良好的关系。”可总起该段。故选F项。

（B）
（2022·江苏南京·校联考模拟试卷）
The Spotlight Effect
Have you ever felt as if the entire world was watching while you made a mistake? Well, here’s some good news: it’s likely that no one even noticed.
____6____We have this experience not only when we make mistakes but also when we perform well. Every time we do something that is a little different from what we usually do, we may assume that everyone around us will notice. The spotlight effect might happen when we make a mistake in a game, have a bad hair day, or give a terrible answer in class.____7____In these moments, it feels like everyone is watching.
The spotlight effect exists because we all get used to seeing things through our own eyes. Every person is the main character in his or her story, and the events of our lives seem to have great importance.____8____
The spotlight effect is a very common part of the human experience. However, in some cases, it can lead to extreme social anxiety and nervousness around other people. Everyone suffers some degree of social anxiety. We all care about what others think, and we all want to be liked. It’s normal to wonder about what effect we have on other people.____9____If someone is so nervous that they can’t make good decisions, then it’s time to take action and improve the situation.
Learning about the spotlight effect is important because it can help us reduce our anxiety. Next time you feel like everyone is staring at you, remind yourself that it’s just your mind playing tricks on you. ____10____If you fill your mind with thoughts of your friends and family, it will help you be less self-conscious.
A．However, this can be a problem when the anxiety is too much to handle.
B．That’s why fewer people notice the embarrassing circumstances they encounter.
C．Another good exercise is to make an effort to notice the people around you, rather than focusing on yourself.
D．The spotlight effect is a trick of the mind that makes us believe that people notice us more often than they really do.
E．What you can do at this moment is to ignore them.
F．We are so busy examining ourselves that we actually observe very little about everyone around us.
G．It can also appear when we score a big goal, ask someone on a date, or do a good deed.

【答案】6．D    7．G    8．F    9．A    10．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了聚光灯效应的概念、成因和作用。
6．由标题“The Spotlight Effect (聚光灯效应)”，第一段“Have you ever felt as if the entire world was watching while you made a mistake? Well, here’s some good news: it’s likely that no one even noticed. (当你犯错误时，你有没有觉得整个世界都在注视着你？好吧，这里有一些好消息：很可能没有人注意到)”和下文“We have this experience not only when we make mistakes but also when we perform well. Every time we do something that is a little different from what we usually do, we may assume that everyone around us will notice. (我们不仅在犯错时，而且在表现出色时都有这种经历。每次我们做一些与平时稍有不同的事情时，我们都会认为周围的人都会注意到)”可知，上下文讲聚光灯效应出现的场合，当人们出错时，人们总觉得会被周围的许多人注意到，但事实真相是：很可能没有人注意到你的行为，说明聚光灯效应只是一种心理作用，是人们自己认为会被注意到的一种现象，可得出D选项“聚光灯效应是一种大脑欺骗我们的手段，让我们误以为别人注意到我们的次数比实际情况更多。”切题，呼应最后一段“Next time you feel like everyone is staring at you, remind yourself that it’s just your mind playing tricks on you. (下次当你觉得每个人都盯着你看的时候，提醒自己这只是你的大脑在捉弄你)”。故选D项。
7．G选项“当我们取得一个大的目标，约某人约会或做一件好事时，它也会出现。”承接上文“The spotlight effect might happen when we make a mistake in a game, have a bad hair day, or give a terrible answer in class. (聚光灯效应可能发生在我们在比赛中犯错、头发糟糕或在课堂上给出糟糕的答案时)”讲聚光灯效应出现场合的具体事例。故选G项。
8．由上文“Every person is the main character in his or her story, and the events of our lives seem to have great importance. (每个人都是他或她的故事中的主角，我们生活中的事件似乎很重要)”可知，人们很关注自己和自己身上发生的事情，该空与上文是因果关系，F选项“我们忙于审视自己，实际上很少观察周围的人。”承接上文讲因为人们更多得关注自己，所以很少注意周围的人。故选F项。
9．A选项“然而，当焦虑太多而无法处理时，这可能是一个问题。”与上文“Everyone suffers some degree of social anxiety. We all care about what others think, and we all want to be liked. It’s normal to wonder about what effect we have on other people. (每个人都有一定程度的社交焦虑。我们都关心别人的想法，我们都想被人喜欢。想知道我们对其他人有什么影响是正常的)”讲“拥有一定程度的社交焦虑是正常现象”形成转折，引出焦虑太多会成问题的事实，衔接下文“If someone is so nervous that they can’t make good decisions, then it’s time to take action and improve the situation. (如果有人过于紧张，无法做出正确的决定，那么是时候采取行动改善这种情况了)”讲针对这种情况要采取措施的内容。故选A项。
10．C选项“另一个好的练习是努力去注意你周围的人，而不是专注于你自己。”承接上文“Next time you feel like everyone is staring at you, remind yourself that it’s just your mind playing tricks on you. (下次当你觉得每个人都盯着你看的时候，提醒自己这只是你的大脑在捉弄你)”讲克服聚光灯效应的具体策略。故选C项。

（C）
（2023·江苏泰州·校考模拟试卷）
Curiosity is rooted in our DNA．We are fascinated by the future; we are impressed with the unknown that surrounds us; we are amazed at all that we have to explore. The mysteries of the world have always been a push for us to watch. ____11____.
Children are known for sticking their fingers in places where young fingers should never be. They are famous for putting all kinds of objects and substances in their mouths, everything from plastic blocks to any object in the room.
____12____ It holds our hand as we move into old age and the unknown of the future. By and large, we are determined question-askers. We want to know more than we know; we want to expand our horizons, try out the new and undiscovered, and pursue experiences that deepen our comprehension of the world we live in.
____13____ It is also the generation of possibilities. When we look at the world from multiple perspectives, we give ourselves permission to examine a wider range of resolutions. We open up our minds to explore the unexamined and unknown. ____14____ Ian Leslie explains it this way, “Curiosity is essential to an exploring mind; it opens our eyes to the new and undiscovered, encouraging us to seek out new experiences and meet new people.”
Curiosity is the catalyst(催化剂) for questioning, and questioning is what urges us to seek out the unfamiliar and the unknown. ____15____ It does not move forward, nor does it have sufficient power to dig what may lie just below the surface or just slightly out of reach. Curiosity is the fuel necessary for creativity to prosper and succeed.
A．Curiosity has its own reason for existing.
B．Without questioning, knowledge becomes inactive.
C．Nowhere is this truer than when we watch our children.
D．But curiosity is much more than a simple search for answers.
E．Curiosity becomes a boost for new opportunities and new options.
F．So ask questions to which there may be a wide variety of responses.
G．In adults, curiosity guides us toward a lifetime occupation and to new destinations.

【答案】11．C    12．G    13．D    14．E    15．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了好奇心是天生的，从儿童到成人，好奇心促使人们探索未知，同时，好奇心也带来了新的机遇和可能。好奇心是创造力繁荣和成功的必要燃料。
11．设空句在该段段末，应呼应该段首句内容同时承起下段内容。首句“Curiosity is rooted in our DNA.(好奇心根植于我们的DNA中。)”讲到好奇心是天生的，因此设空句应再次呼应“天生的”。选项C“Nowhere is this truer than when we watch our children.(没有什么比我们看着自己的孩子更真实的了。)”用“孩子”对应“天生的好奇心”，符合逻辑，且在话题上承起了下段的“children”话题。故选C项。
12．设空句为该段首句，应是主题句。根据后文“It holds our hand as we move into old age and the unknown of the future.(它牵着我们的手，让我们步入老年，走向未知的未来。)”可知，该段讲到了“好奇心”对成年人的引导作用，因此，设空句应含有核心词汇“成人”，“好奇心”。选项G“In adults, curiosity guides us toward a lifetime occupation and to new destinations.(对于成年人来说，好奇心引导我们走向一生的职业和新的目的地。)”在词汇上出现了“adults”，“curiosity”等词汇复现，在句意上概括了后文内容，贴合该段主旨。故选G项。
13．分析该段内容可知，设空后文“It is also the generation of possibilities.(它也是各种可能性的产生。)”为该段的主旨句，由此可知，该段强调了好奇心带来的可能性，更加深远的影响，因此可推知，设空句应是过渡句，总结上段内容，过渡该段内容。选项D“But curiosity is much more than a simple search for answers.(但好奇心远不止是简单地寻找答案。)”中“search for answers”呼应上一段的“question-askers”，同时使用“much more than”使话题顺利过渡到该段，前后逻辑衔接紧密。故选D项。
14．分析可知，后文“Ian Leslie explains it this way(伊恩·莱斯利这样解释)”中的“it”应是指代设空句，而后文“Curiosity is essential to an exploring mind; it opens our eyes to the new and undiscovered, encouraging us to seek out new experiences and meet new people.(好奇心对于探索的头脑来说是必不可少的；它让我们看到新的和未被发现的事物，鼓励我们寻找新的经验，结识新的人。)”讲到的“好奇心对新事物认知的推动作用”，即“it”，也就是设空句的含义。选项“Curiosity becomes a boost for new opportunities and new options.(好奇心成为新机会和新选择的动力。)”在句意上符合分析，为解释句同义句表达，同时在话题上呼应主旨句“It is also the generation of possibilities.(它也是各种可能性的产生。)”，符合分析。故选E项。
15．根据前文“Curiosity is the catalyst for questioning, and questioning is what urges us to seek out the unfamiliar and the unknown.(好奇心是质疑的催化剂，而质疑是促使我们去寻找不熟悉和未知的东西。)”可知，前文提出了质疑在探寻未知过程中的促进作用，由此可推知，设空句应承接此话题，继续讲述质疑的促进作用。选项B“Without questioning, knowledge becomes inactive.(没有质疑，知识就会变得不活跃。)”用双重否定的形式肯定了质疑对知识的促进作用，且该句主语“knowledge”与后文主语“It”相呼应，并在句意上与后文构成解释关系。故选B项。

（D）
（2022·江苏盐城·校考模拟试卷）
Live-stream marketing: A rural rags-to-riches story?
For many years, quality agricultural products were unable to sell in faraway provinces. ____16____ It prevented them from accessing a wider, urban client. In most cases, because farmers failed to directly reach consumers, their heavy physical labor resulted in very little income. In this regard, live-stream marketing may appeal to young migrant workers and convince them to return home in the countryside. ____17____
In Yunnan Province, southwest China, live-stream marketing is currently the most popular way of pushing local products to consumers across the country. ____18____ It is turning the smartphone into a new farming tool by fashioning new shopping centers. Live-streaming has greatly boosted the province’s produce sales in the past two years. We now have a great business model in place, combining products with high-quality live stream platforms and support packages from the government. ____19____ Anyway, the continuous development of live-stream marketing is ready to play a big role in raising rural incomes in relatively backward provinces like Yunnan. E-commerce live-streaming is doing pretty well nowadays, but farm produce only accounts for a small share, mainly due to the lack of experienced hosts and infrastructure in rural areas.
____20____ How to grow live stream marketing for farm products? Short videos or live-streams, the key is to meet consumers’ demand. High-quality products alone aren’t enough; they must consider buyers’ preferences as well.
A．There arises a question.
B．Government policies and guidance should follow up.
C．The expansion of 5G technology is a vital contribution.
D．The biggest barrier is lack of efficient marketing channels.
E．China has a tradition of intensive cultivation and a huge rural population.
F．But we should establish a complete supply chain based on strict standards.
G．Once back they can introduce more digitally advanced approaches to agricultural management.

【答案】16．D    17．G    18．C    19．F    20．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了直播销售的现状以及对农村产业的发展带来的优势。
16．根据空前“For many years, quality agricultural products were unable to sell in faraway provinces.（很多年来，优质农产品无法销售到遥远的省市去。）”及空后“It prevented them from accessing a wider, urban client.（它阻止农产品接触到更广的城市客户。）”可知，空前提到农产品无法销售到远处，空后提到了它阻止农产品接触到城市顾客，本空应提到无法销售到远处的原因，故D项“最大的障碍就在于缺乏有效的销售频道。”符合，说明了原因，且空后的it与本空的The biggest barrier相呼应，故选D项。
17．根据空前“In this regard, live-stream marketing may appeal to young migrant workers and convince them to return home in the countryside.（就这点而言，直播销售可能会吸引年轻的流动工人，并让他们回到农村去发展。）”可知，空前提到了直播销售会将年轻人吸引回到农村去发展，故本空应说明回去后具体如何发展，故G项“一旦他们回去，他们可以将先进的数字化方式引入到农业经营中去。”符合，空前提到将年轻人吸引回去，空后说明回去后将先进技术运用到农业经营中，故选G项。
18．根据空前“In Yunnan Province, southwest China, live-stream marketing is currently the most popular way of pushing local products to consumers across the country.（在中国西南部，云南，直播销售是目前将当地产品推给全国消费者的最流行的方式。）”及空后“It is turning the smartphone into a new farming tool by fashioning new shopping centers.（通过塑造新的购物中心，它将手机变成了一个新的农具。）”可知，空前提到目前的云南通过直播销售将产品卖给全国，空后提到“它”将手机变成了新的农具，故C项“5G 技术的发展是一个主要的因素。”符合，说明空前直播销售成为最流行方式的原因，并引出后文的内容，且空后的It与本空的The expansion of 5G technology相呼应，故选C项。
19．根据空前“We now have a great business model in place, combining products with high-quality live stream platforms and support packages from the government.（现在，我们已经有了一个不错的销售模式，将产品和高质量的直播平台和政府的支持结合起来。）”可知，空前提到了现在的网络销售模式已经十分成熟，F项“但是，我们应该基于严格的标准，构建一个完整的供应链。”是对空前的补充，尽管现在的网络销售模式已经成熟起来，但是我们应该构建一个完整的供应链，保证产品的供应，故选F项。
20．根据空后“How to grow live stream marketing for farm products?（怎样为农产品来发展直播销售呢？）”可知，空后内容是A项“这就产生了一个问题。”的顺义承接，空前提到产生了问题，空后具体说明是什么问题，故选A项。

（E）
（2022·江苏南京·南京师大附中校考试卷）
As the proverb goes, beauty is in the eye of the beholder. ____21____ A paper published two years ago in Nature found a connection between people’s sense of well-being and the scenicness (美景) of where they lived. The paper’s authors measured scenicness by conducting a survey among volunteers.
The connection, the paper’s authors found, held true whether a neighborhood was urban or rural. ____22____ Nor did levels of air pollution have any influence on it. The authors also discovered that differences in volunteers’ health were better explained by the scenicness of where they lived than by the amount of green space around them.
____23____ The team behind that Nature paper have nevertheless decided to have a go. They have adapted a computer program to recognize beautiful landscapes, whether natural or artificial, using the criteria that a human beholder would employ. The program’s task was to work out, by analyzing each photograph’s features in the context of its Scenic-or-Not ratings, what it is that makes a landscape scenic.
Most of the results are not surprising. Lakes and horizons scored well. So did valleys and snowy mountains. In artificial landscapes, castles, churches and cottages were seen as scenic. ____24____ The analysis did, however, confirm one important finding from the team’s previous study, which is also a message for town planners. Green spaces alone are not scenic. To be so they need to involve contours (高低起伏的轮廓) and trees. ____25____
A．But surroundings matter.
B．Hospitals, garages and motels were not so much.
C．So people have a deep affection for where they live.
D．It bore no relation to volunteers’ social and economic status.
E．Therefore, less grass and more trees and bushes would be welcome.
F．Natural landscapes are rated as scenicness as opposed to artificial landscapes.
G．Determining what scenicness is, though, has always been frustrating for scientists.

【答案】21．A    22．D    23．G    24．B    25．E
【导语】文章是一篇说明文，介绍了人类的幸福感与他们所居住的地方的景色之间存在联系。
21．上文“As the proverb goes, beauty is in the eye of the beholder.”（俗话说，情人眼里出西施。）说明美感受观察者的主观感受影响。A项“But”表示与上文转折，讲的是环境也很重要，从而引出下文关于幸福感与环境之间的联系的论文研究：“A paper published two years ago in Nature found a connection between people’s sense of well-being and the scenicness (美景) of where they lived.”（两年前发表于《自然》的一篇论文发现，人们的幸福感与他们所居住的地方的景色之间存在联系。）A项符合文意。故选A项。
22．上文“The connection, the paper’s authors found, held true whether a neighborhood was urban or rural.”（论文发现，无论是在城市还是在农村，这种联系都是存在的。）说明无论地点在哪儿，幸福感和环境有关的联系都是存在的；下文“Nor did levels of air pollution have any influence on it.”（空气污染水平也不对其产生影响）说明与空气污染水平无关。所以设空处也是讲的是影响人们幸福感的因素，而且由下文“Nor”可知设空处也是否定句。D项“It bore no relation to volunteers’ social and economic status.”（人们的幸福感和参与调查的志愿者的社会和经济地位无关。）符合文意。故选D项。
23．下文“The team behind that Nature paper have nevertheless decided to have a go.”（尽管如此，该论文的团队还是决定做一番尝试。）的“nevertheless”说明它与设空处之间是转折关系，也就是说，该团队所尝试的内容是有难度的。再根据后面“The program’s task was to work out, by analyzing each photograph’s features in the context of its Scenic-or-Not ratings, what it is that makes a landscape scenic.”（该项目的任务是，通过分析对应不同美景等级的照片的特征，找出使风景被视为美景的因素。）可知，团队尝试分析景色被视为美景的因素。由此推知，设空处的内容与给美景下定义让人苦恼有关，所以G项“Determining what scenicness is, though, has always been frustrating for scientists.”（确定美景的概念让科学家们感到沮丧。）符合文意，故选G项。
24．上文“In artificial landscapes, castles, churches and cottages were seen as scenic.”（人工景观中，城堡、教堂和村舍被视为美景。）讲的是有些人工景观被评为美景。B项“Hospitals, garages and motels were not so much.”讲的是医院、车库和汽车旅馆等另一些人工景观的美景评分并不高。上文和设空处讲的都是人工景观的美景评级结果，由此引出下文的结论：“The analysis did, however, confirm one important finding from the team’s previous study, which is also a message for town planners. Green spaces alone are not scenic.”（然而，该研究的确印证了团队先前的一项研究，该研究也给城市规划师提供了建议。绿地自身不是美景。）故选B项。
25．上文“Green spaces alone are not scenic. To be so they need to involve contours (高低起伏的轮廓) and trees.”（绿地自身不是美景，要有高低起伏的轮廓和树木。）说明要多种些树、具有高低起伏的轮廓才算是风景。E项对上文进行补充，即少一些草地，多一些树和灌木丛才受大家欢迎，符合文意。故选E项。

（F）
（2022·江苏南通·统考模拟试卷）
As long as you live, you have an opportunity to change and pursue your life’s purpose. When your purpose is to help others, you seek to focus on what you want to create rather than always focus on problems. This is called generativity — a concern for people besides self and family. ____26____ Studies suggest that helping others can increase your happiness and improve your health.
When you’re generative, you don’t let the little ups and downs of life get to you. ____27____ According to psychologist Krauss Whitbourne, putting others before yourself is a hidden superpower. And the most generative people have better long-term well-being than people who focus purely on their own happiness.
According to a 2007 AmeriCorps study, volunteering provides not just social benefits, but individual health benefits as well. ____28____ Those who volunteer have lower death rates, greater functional ability, and lower rates of depression later in life than those who do not volunteer.
Perhaps helping others rather than focusing purely on our own well-being benefits us because the goal of volunteering may be closer to our hearts and our values than the job we have in the everyday world. ____29____ Benefiting from a sense of purpose can come from supporting your family and friends or mentoring someone. To gain the benefits of helping others, you don’t need to save the world, just improve your little corner of it.
____30____ Without it, you can’t be wholly satisfied or at peace. Your life is a corner of the universe, and by improving that corner through everything you touch, you change everything.
A．The benefits of generativity are wide-reaching.
B．You don’t have to do something huge to be of service.
C．It’s never too late to do what you can to make others happy.
D．Instead, you focus on something higher and more meaningful.
E．There is a strong relationship between volunteering and health.
F．Generativity is part of feeling fully yourself and living a full life.
G．When you help others, you seek to focus on what you want to create.

【答案】26．A    27．D    28．E    29．B    30．F
【分析】本文为一篇说明文。主要通过对帮助他人的好处、意义等方面的相关论述，呼吁大众帮助他人。
26．根据空前“This is called generativity —a concern for people besides self and family.（这就叫做生成性，除了自我和家庭之外，人们还关心的一个问题。）”及空后“Studies suggest that helping others can increase your happiness and improve your health.（研究表明，帮助其他人能增加你的幸福感，且对健康有好处。）”可知，空格前一句点出了generativity这一概念，空格后一句讲述了有研究证实帮助他人的好处。故该空中应该指出generativity的好处或者益处，故A项“生产力的好处是深远的。”符合，故选A。
27．根据空前“When you’re generative, you don’t let the little ups and downs of life get to you.（当你有生产时，你就不会让生活中的小起伏影响到你。）”可知，空格前一句讲述了如果一个人拥有生产力，则他不会被生活中的起起伏伏所影响。空格后的内容主要讲述关注他人幸福。则空格中的内容应该与该段第一句形成对比或者转折，指出拥有generativity的会怎么做，并且呼应后文的内容，指出他们会更愿意做有意义的事，故D项“相反，你应专注于更高及更有意义的事。”符合，故选D。
28．根据空前“According to a 2007 AmeriCorps study, volunteering provides not just social benefits, but individual health benefits as well.（根据一项2007年的美国服务队的研究表明，志愿服务不仅会带来社会好处，也可以带来个人利益。）”可知，空格前一句为承上启下句，主要阐述了研究证明志愿服务不仅可以服务社会（承接上文），还可以对个人健康带来益处（引出下文），且空格后的内容针对“做志愿服务有益于健康”进行了详细论述，故空格中的内容应该点出志愿服务和健康的紧密相关性，以此引出下文的详细论述，故E项“志愿服务和健康之间有着紧密的联系。”符合，故选E。
29．根据空前“Perhaps helping others rather than focusing purely on our own well-being benefits us because the goal of volunteering may be closer to our hearts and our values than the job we have in the everyday world.（也许，帮助其他人而不是只关注自己的幸福对我们有益，因为志愿服务的目标比我们的工作更贴近我们自己的内心和价值。）”可知，空格前的内容主要讲述了志愿服务更贴近我们自己的内心和价值观，且空格后的内容详细讲述了我们可以从身边入手进行志愿服务以此帮助他人，并不一定需要人人都从世界入手做大事。故空格内的内容应该对下文起概括作用，概括出我们不一定要做大事，而是可以从小事入手这样的观点。故B项“你不必要做很大的事。”符合，故选B。
30．根据空后内容“Without it, you can’t be wholly satisfied or at peace.（没有它，你无法完全得到完全的满足和平静。）”可知，空格内的内容在句首，一般起概括下文的作用空格后一句中有“it”这个代词，并且后文内容对“it”的益处进行了论述和概括。再由文章内容进行推断，最后一段应该是对generativity的必要性进行的总结和概述，故空格内应该指出generativity，并点出其重要性。故F项“生产力是自我充实和充实生活的一部分”符合，故选F。

（G）
（2022·江苏南通·统考试卷）
What’s better: private school vs public school? Choosing which school to send your children to can be a very hard decision to make. ____31____
Ask about testing scores. Students at private schools tend to outscore public school students on standardized tests, which can affect your child’s ability to get into college. ____32____ Researchers have used the same data to come to conflicting conclusions. Other factors like socioeconomic status, can influence student’s scores, regardless of where they are educated.
____33____ In general, public schools tend to have larger class sizes than private schools. If you need a school that can give more attention to individual students, you might consider a private school or a smaller public school.
Tour the school. Before you even begin to choose between a public or private one, you’ll need to schedule a tour of the school you’re interested in. Do the students look happy and engaged? Are the learning spaces bright and clean? ____34____ Taking your children along gives the them chance to see the school and decide if it feels like a comfortable environment to them.
Don’t put too much stock in online ratings. ____35____ But they could also have fantastic teachers and principals. Talking to others help you figure out if this is true. Therefore, don’t write a school off just because its ratings are a little low.
In a word, knowing what matters to you in terms of the differences between public and private education can make your decision a little easier.
A．The final decision is yours.
B．Take into account class size.
C．Some practical actions can help a lot.
D．However, there is some debate about this.
E．You can learn a lot about these when you visit.
F．Same schools might have unfavorable comments.
G．Decide how important private schools are to your child.

【答案】31．C    32．D    33．B    34．E    35．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了公立学校和私立学校之间的一些差异，以及在选择公立学校和私立学校上的一些建议。
31．上文“Choosing which school to send your children to can be a very hard decision to make. (选择送你的孩子去哪所学校可能是一个非常困难的决定)”指出，在公立学校和私立学校做选择是一件困难的事，设空处承上启下，下文“Ask about testing scores. (询问考试成绩)”以及“Tour the school. (参观学校)”提出了一些辅助选择的实际行动。C项“Some practical actions can help a lot. (一些实际行动会有很大帮助)”承上启下，符合文意。故选C项。
32．上文“Students at private schools tend to outscore public school students on standardized tests, which can affect your child’s ability to get into college. (私立学校的学生在标准化考试中的得分往往超过公立学校的学生，这可能会影响孩子进入大学的能力)”指出，上私立学校的学生成绩较高，可能会对学生考大学造成影响，设空处承上启下，下文“Other factors like socioeconomic status, can influence student’s scores, regardless of where they are educated. (其他因素，如社会经济地位，可以影响学生的分数，无论他们在哪里接受教育)”说明，上私立学校不是学生取得好成绩的决定性因素，也不是影响学生考大学的唯一因素。D项“However, there is some debate about this. (然而，关于这一点存在一些争论)”承上启下，符合文意。故选D项。
33．下文“In general, public schools tend to have larger class sizes than private schools. If you need a school that can give more attention to individual students, you might consider a private school or a smaller public school. (一般来说，公立学校的班级规模往往比私立学校大。如果你需要一所能更加关注个体学生的学校，你可以考虑私立学校或规模较小的公立学校)”介绍了公立学校和私立学校不同的班级规模，针对学生家长的需求给出了具体的选择建议。B项“Take into account class size. (考虑班级规模)”引出下文，符合段意。故选B项。
34．上文“Before you even begin to choose between a public or private one, you’ll need to schedule a tour of the school you’re interested in. Do the students look happy and engaged? Are the learning spaces bright and clean? (在你开始选择公立学校还是私立学校之前，你需要安排一次参观你感兴趣的学校的行程。学生们看起来开心且专注吗？学习空间是否明亮干净)”建议读者在为孩子选择学校前先考查一下学校，带着一些问题去思考该学校是否合适。E项“You can learn a lot about these when you visit. (当你参观时，你可以了解到很多关于这些的知识)”承接上文，符合文意。故选E项。
35．上文“Don’t put too much stock in online ratings. (不要太相信网络评价)”指出，关于学校的网络评价不可尽信，设空处承上启下，通过下文“But they could also have fantastic teachers and principals. (但是他们也可能有很棒的老师和校长)”可推知，此处与设空处呈转折关系，指的是有些学校的网络评价可能不好，但是他们可能并不像网上说的那样。F项“Same schools might have unfavorable comments. (同样的学校可能会有不好的评论)”承上启下，符合文意。故选F项。

（H）
（2022·江苏南通·校联考试卷）
Humans have been known to develop strong connections with dangerous animals. Werner Freund, aged 79, has spent the last 40 years of his life in the company of wolves. While why the former soldier became attached to these beautiful wild animals is a little unclear, he has been caring for them since 1972. ____36____ This, Werner has the great ability to survive in the period of entering this group of animals and getting along with these cold-blooded creatures.
____37____ They touch him with noses, play with him. What’s more, they are generally very submissive when he is around, just like they would be around a head wolf!
This, however, does not happen by chance. ____38____ Whenever it’s feeding time, he calls his pack to come for the raw meat by howling. As the hungry animals rush to get their food, they always meet with this scene. Werner sinks his teeth into the raw meat first.
What may sound a little cruel is how the position of hierarchy (等级制度) is built in the animal world. ____39____ When he signals, the rest of the pack can join in. Werner’s wolves know this rule quite well and never challenge his authority.
Wolves, the largest member of the dog family, are mistakenly believed to be dangerous. ____40____. They are beautiful gentle souls, whose reputation has been spoiled by fairy tales like Red Riding Hood!
A．But in reality they rarely attack humans.
B．They are considered as the smartest beasts.
C．Werner works on it with a simple act every day.
D．Werner seems to know where wolves come from.
E．It is always the strongest male that gets the first meal.
F．The wolves treat Werner as if he were one of their own.
G．Army experience leaves him a strong body and energetic state.

【答案】36．G    37．F    38．C    39．E    40．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了老兵Werner和狼和谐共处的故事。
36．根据上文“While why the former soldier became attached to these beautiful wild animals is a little unclear, he has been caring for them since 1972. (虽然这位退伍军人为什么会对这些美丽的野生动物产生感情还不太清楚，但他从1972年开始就一直在照顾它们。)”和下文“This, Werner has the great ability to survive in the period of entering this group of animals and getting along with these cold-blooded creatures.(因此，沃纳在进入这群动物并与这些冷血动物相处的时期有着很强的生存能力。)”可知，空处承上启下说明以前的从军经历对于与狼一起的生存能力的影响，空前的“former solder”呼应G选项中的Army experience，空后的“Thus”, “the great ability”呼应G选项中的“a strong body and energetic state”。G项：Army experience leaves him a strong body and energetic state.(从军经历使他体魄强健，精力充沛。)符合语境。故选G。
37．根据下文“They touch him with noses, play with him. What’s more, they are generally very submissive when he is around, just like they would be around a head wolf!( 他们用鼻子碰他，和他玩。更重要的是，当他在身边的时候，它们通常都非常顺从，就像它们在头狼身边一样!)”可知，空后的They指代的是F项中提到的wolves，本段最后的“just like they would be around a head wolf”呼应选项F中的“as if he were one of their own”。F项：The wolves treat Werner as if he were one of their own.(狼对待Werner就好像他是狼一样。)符合语境。故选F。
38．根据上文“This, however, does not happen by chance.(然而，这不是偶然发生的。)”可知，空前说，发生的这件事并非偶然，呼应选项C中的“every day”。C项：Werner works on it with a simple act every day.(Werner每天都用一个简单的动作来练习。)符合语境。说明并非偶然的原因。故选C。
39．根据上文“What may sound a little cruel is how the position of hierarchy (等级制度) is built in the animal world.(听起来有点残酷的是，等级制度在动物世界中的地位是如何建立的。)”可知，空前说，动物之中有等级制度，选项E接着上问继续讲等级制度的具体表现。E项：It is always the strongest male that gets the first meal.(最强壮的雄性总是得到第一顿饭。)符合语境。故选E。
40．根据上文“Wolves, the largest member of the dog family, are mistakenly believed to be dangerous.( 狼，狗家族中最大的成员，被错误地认为是危险的。)”和下文“They are beautiful gentle souls, whose reputation has been spoiled by fairy tales like Red Riding Hood!( 他们是美丽温柔的灵魂，却被《小红帽》这样的童话故事毁了名声！)”可知，空处与上文形成转折关系，说明其实狼并不是很危险。A项：But in reality they rarely attack humans.(但事实上，它们很少攻击人类。)符合语境。故选A。

（2022·江苏南京·金陵中学校考模拟预测）
The 24 solar terms were created thousands of years ago in China to guide agricultural production. They also reflect China’s rich history through the seasonal festivals, special foods, cultural ceremonies, family gatherings and even healthy living tips that correspond with each solar term.____1___
Rain Water signals the increase in rainfall and rise in temperature. With its arrival, lively spring-like scenery starts blossoming: the river water defreezes. wild geese move from south to north and trees and grass tum green again.
____2____In northern China, the spring drought is common and the precipitation of this season accounts for only 10 to 15 percent of annual average rainfall. At this time of year, farmers begin to plough their fields. It’s the right time to prepare for spring sowing when the day gets warmer.____3____
During Rain Water period, extra care is needed to deal with a returning cold spell and humidity, which is the amount of water in the air.____4____It is strongly advised not to take off the thick coats too early and to keep warm, especially the elderly and children.
The wet and humid weather during Rain Water period is considered harmful for people’s spleen and stomach according to Chinese medical practice.____5___People in Beijing often eat porridge (粥) cooked with a kind of Chinese herb medicine to resist cold and wet weather. Honey, dates and Chinese yam are also very good nourishment (营养) to put in the porridge
A．With Rain Water coming, insects become more active.
B．A bowl of nutritious porridge is the best choice to nourish the body.
C．Therefore, Rain Water is considered as a key period to water the fields.
D．According to an old Chinese saying, the rainfall in spring is as precious as oil.
E．The temperature in most of the basin areas increases quickly during Rain Water
F．One of the 24 solar terms, which is very important in spring, is called Rain Water.
G．The fast increase in air humidity due to rainfall can result in lower temperature and wet weather.

【答案】1．F    2．D    3．C    4．G    5．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了24节气之一的雨水，以及雨水在春天的重要性。
1．根据上文“They also reflect China’s rich history through the seasonal festivals, special foods, cultural ceremonies, family gatherings and even healthy living tips that correspond with each solar term.（它们还反映了中国丰富的历史，通过季节性的节日，特殊的食物，文化仪式，家庭聚会，甚至健康的生活技巧，与每个节气相对应）”以及第二段第一句“Rain Water signals the increase in rainfall and rise in temperature.（雨水预示着降雨量的增加和气温的上升）” F项：One of the 24 solar terms, which is very important in spring, is called Rain Water.（二十四节气之一，在春天非常重要，被称为雨水）承接上句，并且引出后文要介绍的二十四节气之一的雨水，承上启下。故选F。
2．根据后句“In northern China, the spring drought is common and the precipitation of this season accounts for only 10 to 15 percent of annual average rainfall.（在中国北方，春旱很常见，这个季节的降水量只占年平均降水量的10%到15%）”可知，春季北方是缺雨的，因此春雨非常珍贵。D项：According to an old Chinese saying, the rainfall in spring is as precious as oil.（中国有句古话，春雨贵如油）符合语境。故选D。
3．根据上句“At this time of year, farmers begin to plough their fields. It’s the right time to prepare for spring sowing when the day gets warmer.（每年的这个时候，农民们开始犁地。天气转暖时，正是准备春播的好时机）”可知，C项：Therefore, Rain Water is considered as a key period to water the fields.（因此，雨水被认为是灌溉农田的关键时期）和上句构成因果关系，说明雨水是人们准备春播灌溉农田的关键时期。故选C。
4．根据后句“It is strongly advised not to take off the thick coats too early and to keep warm, especially the elderly and children.（强烈建议不要过早脱下厚外套，注意保暖，特别是老人和儿童）”可知，G项：The fast increase in air humidity due to rainfall can result in lower temperature and wet weather.（降雨导致空气湿度迅速增加，导致气温下降，天气潮湿）是建议人们不要过早脱下厚外套，注意保暖的原因。故选G。
5．根据后句“People in Beijing often eat porridge(粥) cooked with a kind of Chinese herb medicine to resist cold and wet weather.（北京人经常吃一种中草药煮的粥，以抵御寒冷和潮湿的天气）”可知，B项：A bowl of nutritious porridge is the best choice to nourish the body.（一碗营养粥是滋养身体的最佳选择）后句承接B项具体说明北京人经常吃的一种中草药煮的粥来抵御寒冷和潮湿的天气，话题一致。故选B。

（2022·江苏南京·模拟预测）
What Is Good Citizenship?
Good citizenship is generally defined as how a citizen performs a role to become a useful member of society. This involves duties and responsibilities that may be expressed through laws and regulations. ____1____
Citizenship, in its general sense, is being part of a community. ____2____ The factors toward improving lives and relationship of a community include doing volunteer work, initiating community programs, and participating in economic affairs.
A good citizen is an important part of a progressive state. As covered by the social contract theory, a government is established to manage interaction among citizens, define an individual’s rights, enforce these rights, and make sure just compensation (补偿) is obtained when these rights are not obeyed. ____3____ The purpose of this social contract is to avoid chaos in a community, which is possible without good leadership. From this leadership arises good citizenship, allowing every citizen to expect others to respect for his or her legally demandable rights.
____4____ The most basic characteristic is the moral duty to recognize the rights of others. Another important characteristic is the ability to listen to the views of others. These views may bring about solutions to problems of the community. A good citizen is also willing to adapt to new situations. ____5____ Based on these factors, good citizenship is said to be related to both the intellectual and social skills of a citizen.
A．There are many characteristics of good citizenship.
B．Being a good citizen is important in improving the community.
C．Apart from these characteristics, a good citizen knows and obeys the laws of the land.
D．In turn, the citizens hand over to the government the powers that may limit some freedom.
E．This may also involve your behaviors expressed through the recognition of right and wrong.
F．As citizens, we care about others and being good members of our communities and our country.
G．Good citizenship lies in the recognition that members of a community work together to improve their lives and their relationship with one another.

【答案】1．E    2．G    3．D    4．A    5．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者从社区层面和国家层面解释了什么是好的公民身份并例举了一些好的公民身份的特征。
1．根据上文“This involves duties and responsibilities that may be expressed through laws and regulations.（这涉及到通过法规所表达出的职责和义务。）”可知，本句主要讲公民身份的含义。而E选项“This may also involve your behaviors expressed through the recognition of right and wrong.（这也涉及通过公认的对错观而表达出来的你的行为举止。）”中“This may also involve”与前文“This involves”对应。故选E项。
2．根据下文“The factors toward improving lives and relationship of a community include doing volunteer work, initiating community programs, and participating in economic affairs.（关于改善提高社区的生活和关系的因素包括：做志愿工作，发起社区计划和参与经济事宜。）”可知，这里主要讲怎样提高改善社区生活和关系。而G选项“Good citizenship lies in the recognition that members of a community work together to improve their lives and their relationship with one another.（好的公民身份在于认识到社区成员一起工作来改善他们相互间生活和关系。）”中“ to improve their lives and their relationship with one another”与后文中“toward improving lives and relationship of a community ”对应。故选G项。
3．根据上文“ a government is established to manage interaction among citizens, define an individual’s rights, enforce these rights, and make sure just compensation (补偿) is obtained when these rights are not obeyed（政府建立是为了管理市民面的互动交流，定义个人权利，执行这些权利并确保当这些权利不被遵守时将会获得补偿。）”可知，选项要说明公民的做法。而D选项“In turn, the citizens hand over to the government the powers that may limit some freedom.（反反过来，公民将可能限制某些自由的权力移交给政府。） these rights呼应powers。故选D项。
4． 根据下文“ The most basic characteristic is the moral duty to recognize the rights of others. （最基本的特点是认可别人权利的道德职责。）”可知，这句主要在讲公民身份的基本特征。所以A选项“There are many characteristics of good citizenship.（好的公民身份有很多特征。）”切合语境，前后“characteristic”对应，与后文有总分关系。故选A项。
5．根据上文“There are many characteristics of good citizenship（好的公民身份有很多特征。）”以及后文“The most basic characteristic”和“nother important characteristic ”可知，前面都在讲公民身份的特征。而C选项“Apart from these characteristics, a good citizen knows and obeys the laws of the land.（除了这些特征，好的市民知道和遵守该地区的法律。）”中“part from these characteristics”由承上启下作用，切合语境。故选C项。
【点睛】

（2022·江苏南通·江苏省如东高级中学校联考模拟预测）
How much time do you spend doing research before you make a decision? There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice. ____1____ Psychologists call this way of thinking a cognitive bias (偏见), a tendency toward a specific mental mistake.
To study “jumping”, we examined decision-making patterns among more than 600 people from the general population. We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis. ____2___ In a quiz about US civics, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly more than other participants did—even when their answers were wrong.
So what is behind “jumping”?Psychological researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort, and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and nonjumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts. ____3____
It is the controlled system that helps people counter balance mental biases introduced by the automatic system. As a result, jumpers were more likely to accept the conclusions made at first blush without further questioning. A lack of controlled thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning.
____4____ A method called metacognitive training can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are confronted with their own biases. They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand. It helps to chip away at participants’ overconfidence.
In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our gut is a frequent and important one. ____5____ Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.
A．Happily, there may be some hope for jumpers.
B．Also, jumpers had problems with overconfidence.
C．But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions.
D．It is certainly possible for them to overthink things to take a decision.
E．We plan to continue the work to trace other problems introduced by jumping.
F．The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers.
G．Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake.

【答案】1．C    2．B    3．F    4．A   5．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出相较于按照直觉行事，深思熟虑对我们更有帮助。但一种叫元认知训练的方法可以帮助那些急于得出结论的人。
1．根据上文“How much time do you spend doing research before you make a decision? There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice. （你在做决定之前花了多少时间做研究？有些人在做出选择之前会仔细考虑每一个细节）”结合下文提到了jumper“急于得出结论的人”可知，呼应上文仔细考虑每一个细节的人，空处应提出另一种人——急于得出结论的人。C项“但相当一部分人很快就会得出结论”符合题意，与上文内容形成对比。故选C。
2．根据上文“We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis.（我们发现，在需要深思熟虑分析的问题上，急于得出结论的人比仔细思考的人犯的错误更多）”和下文“In a quiz about US civics, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly more than other participants did—even when their answers were wrong.（在一次关于美国公民的测验中，他们大大高估了自己答案正确的几率——即使他们的答案是错误的）”推知，急于得出结论的人不仅容易犯错，而且过于自信，即使在答案是错误的情况下还高估答案正确的几率。B项“此外，急于得出结论的人也有过度自信的问题”符合题意，呈上启下。故选B。
3．空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“automatic system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort, and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and nonjumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts. （自动系统，反映容易、自发且无需努力就能进入大脑的想法，以及控制系统，包括有意识和轻松的推理。急于得出结论的人和仔细思考者同样受到自动思维的影响）”可知，两类人都受到自动思维的影响。但因为是两种不同的人，因此他们在受影响的程度，或思维模式方面可能有所不同。F项“然而，急于得出结论的人并没有像仔细思考者那样进行控制推理”符合题意，承接上文，指出了他们的不同之处。故选F。
4．空处位于段首，应开启下文。根据下文“A method called metacognitive training can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are confronted with their own biases. They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand. It helps to chip away at participants’ overconfidence.（一种叫做元认知训练的方法可以用来针对他们的偏见，这可以帮助人们更慎重地思考。在这个培训中，参与者要面对自己的偏见。他们可以学习到错误的地方和思考问题的其他方法。它有助于消除参与者的过度自信）”可知，有方法帮助急于得出结论的人克服他们的问题，消除过度自信。A项“幸运的是，急于得出结论者可能还有一些希望”符合题意。故选A。
5．根据上文“In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our gut is a frequent and important one.（在日常生活中，我们是应该深思熟虑，还是按照直觉行事，这是一个常见而重要的问题）”和下文“Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.（有时候，我们做出的最重要决定可能要做出选择之前多花些时间）”可知，相较于按照直觉行事，深思熟虑对我们更有帮助。G项“最近的研究表明，即使只收集了一点更多的证据，也可以帮助我们避免重大错误”符合题意。故选G。