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2022-2023学年河南省洛阳市高一上学期期末考试英语试题含解析
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这是一份2022-2023学年河南省洛阳市高一上学期期末考试英语试题含解析，共32页。试卷主要包含了15等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022〜2023学年高一年级教学诊断性考试
英语(北师大版)
全卷满分150分, 考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：
1.答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、考场号、座位号、考生号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时, 选出每小题的答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如 需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上, 写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分30分)
做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How will the woman go to her meeting?
A. By car. B. By bus. C. By taxi.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: You seem in a hurry, Rose. Is everything OK?
W: No, I have a morning meeting, but my car doesn’t start, and the nearest bus has just gone. So I have to take a taxi.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When does Tom’s birthday party begin?
A. At 2:30. B. At 3:00. C. At 3:30.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: It’s 3 o’clock already! I’m late for Tom’s birthday party!
W: How late are you?
M: About 30 minutes.
W: Oh, that’s really terrible.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a coffee shop. B. In a shopping mall. C. At home.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: I’m too tired and I can’t shop anymore! I need a comfortable chair.
M: Me too. Let’s go to the cafe bar and get something to drink.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What do the speakers think of Tina?
A. She is loud. B. She is easy-going. C. She is quiet.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: I just met Tina. She is beautiful and seems a little shy and quiet. But I like her.
M: It is nice to have a few quiet people like Tina. We have enough loud people here!
W: That’s true.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman suggest?
A. Making an advertisement. B. Signing up for a team. C. Starting a baseball club.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: What are you looking at, Rob?
M: I’m reading this advertisement, Amy. Some people in our school want to start a baseball team.
W: That’s great. Let’s sign up for it.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟;听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. How long does it take the woman to get to Guangzhou by train?
A. Half a day. B. One day. C. Two days.
7. Why does the woman want to get home before New Year’s Eve?
A. It’s a tradition.
B. It’s her parents’ order.
C. She misses her family very much.
【答案】6. C 7. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Hello, Mr. White. I would like to leave before the due time.
M: May I know the reason?
W: As you know, my parents live in Guangzhou, which is two days’ train trip from here. However, it’s a tradition for us to have a family get-together on the eve of the Spring Festival. I have to leave earlier to be in time.
M: It’s reasonable. Which day do you want to leave?
W: February 4th is OK. Is that available?
M: It’s OK. I just need to change the schedule slightly…
W: Thank you very much.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What is the woman?
A. A waitress. B. A guest. C. A salesgirl.
9. What will the man get if he orders a large Coke?
A. An extra sausage. B. More free food. C. Some free drinks.
10. What can we say about the woman?
A. She is generous. B. She is capable. C. She is curious.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Are you ready to order, Miss?
M: Sure. I’d like to order a large sausage and cheese pizza.
W: Would you like to add extra cheese?
M: Yes, please. Can you add an extra sausage as well?
W: Certainly. Anything to drink?
M: Give me a medium Coke, please.
W: If you add a large Coke to your order, we will serve you a small chocolate pan pizza for free.
M: That’s alright. I don’t think I’ll be able to eat all that.
W: You can take it away. It’s a good deal.
M: Well, you are right. I’ll have the large Coke and the chocolate pan pizza.
听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. Where does the man want to go by renting a car?
A. To a company. B. To the hotel. C. To the airport.
12. What will be written on the sign held by the driver?
A. Mr. Alfred. B. Ms. Beth. C. Time Travels.
13. How does the man feel about the car rent?
A. Too expensive. B. Very cheap. C. Acceptable.
【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hello, is it Time Travels?
W: Yes. This is Beth. How can I help you?
M: I’m flying to your city to visit a company. I would like to rent a car to take me to the hotel from the airport.
W: Sure. May I know your name and your schedule please?
M: It’s Alfred. I’ll need it at 12 noon today, and I prefer a large white car.
W: That’s not a problem, Mr. Alfred. The driver will be holding a sign with your name on it.
M: Very good. How much do you charge?
W: The price is $ 200 an hour.
M: Okay, that’s not too expensive.
W: In case of being late, or any problem, please call us at this number, Mr. Alfred.
M: All right. Thanks for your help.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Boss and assistant. C. Teacher and student.
15. What can the app do for the woman?
A. Do her homework. B. Make a call. C. Make a study plan.
16. What is the most useful thing about the app according to the woman?
A. Giving advice on exercise.
B. Reminding people to go to sleep.
C. Sharing information among friends.
17. What does the man want the app to do?
A. Set up a study group. B. Help him do the exam. C. Offer him learning tips.
【答案】14. A 15. C 16. C 17. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Mary, what can you do on the app?
W: It can organize your exam. When you have an exam, just put in the date of the exam, the study time for each subject, and the topics you need. And the app will create a study plan for you.
M: It’s amazing! Does it do anything else?
W: Yeah, Bill. It tells when to take a break, drink some water and have something to eat. It also gives advice on different kinds of sports and it reminds you to go to sleep.
M: Can I share information with my friends?
W: Yeah, that’s the most important thing, in my opinion. You can set up a study group so that you can ask questions, share notes, tips and ideas and in general help each other.
M: Great! Where did you get the idea?
W: Well, when I joined a competition, I thought of this idea. I never thought we would win.
M: Well done! But will the app do the exams for us?
W: That would not be fair, Bill.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
18. What is the first speech class about?
A. Audience. B. Students. C. Friends.
19. How can a student make the audience support a particular idea?
A. By making connections with them.
B. By repeating the idea to them.
C. By being friendly to them.
20. What happened to the students after the third class?
A. They made fewer mistakes.
B. They became more confident.
C. They made more friends.
【答案】18. B 19. A 20. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Someone may feel very nervous when speaking in front of an audience. Mr. Todd tries to help people get rid of the nervousness on stage in his speech class. His speech class involves three speeches in front of the class. The first speech is about the students themselves. Since it is the first speech, a lot of students are nervous. Mr. Todd told them to think of the audience as their friends.
The second speech is supposed to get the audience to support a particular idea. One student talked about smoking. Another student talked about the former president. For this speech, Mr. Todd advised them to make connections with the audience. People are more likely to support your idea if you make it connected to them.
For the third speech, the student is supposed to try to get the audience to visit a particular country. By the third speech, the students were much more confident. It was easier for them to talk in front of their classmates. The students felt like they were all friends with each other. Even if they made a mistake, it was okay.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Best Books of This Year
The Last Time I lied, by Riley Sager
$ 16 at the bookshop
Back when Emma was a kid at Camp Nightingale, three of her friends disappeared while playing the classic game of Two Truths and a Lie. Now, making waves in the art world, Emma’s invited back to camp to be the new painting instructor and she uses the position to find out what really happened to her friends all those years ago.
Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants , by Ann Brashares
$ 10 at the bookshop
Long-time fans of the classic series won’t forget that in the first Sisterhood , many of Bridget’s chapters take place while she attends a soccer camp in Baja, California. There she falls for dreamy coach Eric. Sisterhood is a classic for a reason thanks to the realistic, devoted friendships between the girls.
Flamer, by Mike Curato
$ 17 at the bookshop
Illustration (插图) novel Flamer follows Aiden Navarro through the summer camp between middle school and high school where everything feels new and different, like his whole world is changing. As Aiden tries to avoid bullies (欺凌) and fights, he also bonds with Elias and starts questioning his belief.
You Have a Match, by Emma Lord
$ 18 at the bookshop
Abby signs up for a DNA test only to learn that she actually has a secret sister, named Savvy. She has no idea why her parents gave Savvy up for adoption, so Abby finds herself at a summer camp with Savvy, and a whole bunch of questions she’d really like answers to. Sweet and full of exciting moments, You Have a Match is as sweet as a candy.
21. Which book is suitable for picture book lovers?
A. Flamer. B. You Have a Match.
C. The Last Time I Lied. D. Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants.
22. Which author’s book is the most expensive?
A. Riley Sager. B. Mike Curato.
C. Emma Lord. D. Ann Brashares.
23. What do these four books have in common?
A. They’re all about science.
B. They all cover family life.
C. They all talk about friendship.
D. They have something to do with camps.
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四本年度最佳图书。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Flamer, by Mike Curato部分“Illustration (插图) novel Flamer follows Aiden Navarro through the summer camp between middle school and high school where everything feels new and different, like his whole world is changing.(插图小说Flamer讲述了艾登·纳瓦罗从初中到高中的夏令营，在那里，一切都感觉新鲜而不同，就像他的整个世界都在改变。)”可知，Flamer这本书是一本插图小说，适合喜欢图画书的读者。故选A项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Last Time I lied, by Riley Sager部分“$ 16 at the bookshop (书店价格16美元)”、Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants , by Ann Brashares部分“$ 10 at the bookshop (书店价格10美元)”、Flamer, by Mike Curato部分“$ 17 at the bookshop (书店价格17美元)”以及You Have a Match, by Emma Lord部分“$ 18 at the bookshop (书店价格18美元)”可知，Emma Lord所著的You Have a Match这本书价格最贵。故选C项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Last Time I lied, by Riley Sager部分“Now, making waves in the art world, Emma’s invited back to camp to be the new painting instructor and she uses the position to find out what really happened to her friends all those years ago.(现在，在艺术界掀起波澜，艾玛被邀请回营地担任新的绘画导师，她利用这个职位来了解那些年前她的朋友们到底发生了什么)”、Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants , by Ann Brashares部分“Long-time fans of the classic series won’t forget that in the first Sisterhood , many of Bridget’s chapters take place while she attends a soccer camp in Baja, California.(这部经典系列剧的长期粉丝不会忘记，在第一部Sisterhood中，布里奇特的许多章节都发生在她参加加利福尼亚州巴哈的足球训练营时)”、Flamer, by Mike Curato部分“Illustration (插图) novel Flamer follows Aiden Navarro through the summer camp between middle school and high school where everything feels new and different, like his whole world is changing.(插图小说Flamer讲述了艾登·纳瓦罗从初中到高中的夏令营，在那里，一切都感觉新鲜而不同，就像他的整个世界都在改变。)”以及You Have a Match, by Emma Lord部分“She has no idea why her parents gave Savvy up for adoption, so Abby finds herself at a summer camp with Savvy, and a whole bunch of questions she’d really like answers to.(她不知道父母为什么要把Savvy交给别人收养，所以Abby发现自己和Savvy一起参加了夏令营，还有一大堆她很想知道的问题)”可知，四本书中的故事都和营地有关系。故选D项。
B
I live in London now. In 2015, I decided to take a break and do some traveling. During my travel, I saw a lot of plastic waste in the ocean, and started wondering what I could do about it. I reused my bamboo bike, which I’d made at the Bamboo Bicycle Club in Hackney, to float on the Thames and collect plastic on the river.
On September 18, I started my journey at the source of the Thames in Lechlade. Every day was different and the first was the worst. It was raining hard and when I tried to put the bamboo bike in the water, the weight of it turned the whole thing over. I thought: This is it — the project is over! But after a good hour I managed to get it out.
I had two fishing nets that I filled up every day with plastic, and I couldn’t even collect everything because some bits were hidden under a forest of seagrass. I also took pictures and geotagged them, to map which parts of the river were the most polluted. Oxford was particularly bad, with a lot of takeaway boxes, bottles, DVDs and even some chicken breasts still in the plastic bags.
My journey taught me the hard way that cleaning up the river is not going to solve the problem. We need to target the root cause: the buying of plastic. I’m thinking of running some activities in London and trying to make them spread quickly, like filling up a London bus with plastic bottles to represent how much plastic waste is produced every minute in London.
I want to show people how plastic is affecting us: how some of it even comes back into our bodies via microplastics(塑料微粒) in fish or salt. I know you can’t totally cut out the use of plastic, just like that, but I’d like people to think twice before buying their next bottle of water. Every step helps.
24. Why does the author make use of the bamboo bike again?
A It’s comfortable to ride. B. It can float on the water.
C. It can be used for exercise. D. It won’t pollute the river.
25. How did the author feel when the bamboo bike turned over?
A. The project failed. B. The bike was gone.
C. Everything would turn better. D. All the work was finished.
26. Which is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “geotagged” in paragraph 3?
A. Revised. B. Cleared. C. Marked. D. Collected.
27. What does the author think is more important to do with plastic pollution?
A. Closing plastic factories. B. Reusing plastic items.
C. Collecting plastic waste. D. Buying fewer plastic products.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了2015年作者决定休假去旅行，途中看到海洋上漂浮着很多塑料垃圾，于是开始骑着自己的竹制自行车在泰晤士河上捡塑料垃圾，保护环境的故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I reused my bamboo bike, which I’d made at the Bamboo Bicycle Club in Hackney, to float on the Thames and collect plastic on the river.(我再利用我在Hackney的竹子自行车俱乐部做的竹子自行车，漂浮在泰晤士河上，在河里收集塑料)”可知，竹子做的自行车可以漂浮在水上，所以作者循环利用它。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I thought: This is it — the project is over!(我想：就这样了——项目结束了)”可知，竹自行车翻车的时候，作者认为这个项目失败了。故选A。
【26题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“took pictures(拍照)”以及下文的“to map which parts of the river were the most polluted(绘制出河流中污染最严重的部分)”可知，作者拍下照片是为了绘制地图，标识出河流的哪片区域污染最严重。由此可推知，geotagged与绘制地图有关，表示对垃圾多的地方进行标记。marked表示“做记号”，意思与之最相近。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We need to target the root cause: the buying of plastic.(我们需要针对根本原因：购买塑料)”及最后一段中“I know you can’t totally cut out the use of plastic, just like that, but I’d like people to think twice before buying their next bottle of water.(我知道你不能完全停止使用塑料，但我希望人们在购买下一瓶水之前三思)”可知，作者认为，塑料垃圾多的根源是人们购买塑料制品。由此可推知，在作者看来，少购买塑料制品对减少塑料污染很重要。故选D。
C
Everyone loves watching the leaves change in autumn and observing the variety of colors. This seasonal change has inspired many artists to create amazing poetry, such as Nothing Gold Can Stay by Robert Frost or Song for Autumn by Mary Oliver. But have you ever wondered the scientific reason as to how trees get their special autumn colors?
In the spring and summer, tree leaves produce a chemical called chlorophyll(叶绿素), which is responsible for the green color. Chlorophyll is in charge of using the sunlight’s energy to create sugars that the tree needs to survive. There are actually two main types of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll A is present in every tree, but Chlorophyll B is present only in trees that do not get as much sunlight, so Chlorophyll B assists Chlorophyll A to produce enough food for the trees to survive. Chlorophyll A gives leaves a bright green color, while Chlorophyll B produces a darker green color.
As the seasons begin to change, daylight becomes shorter and temperatures go down, causing the trees to stop producing the sugars that they need to live. As a result, the chlorophyll and its green pigment(色素) begin to disappear, showing the bright autumn colors that so many trees are loved for. Aside from chlorophyll, there are some other chemicals that bring red or yellow pigments to tree leaves.
Autumn is a magical season that has the ability to attract us each and every year with its bright change of colors in trees. Sometimes it can seem so supernatural in all of its beauty that we forget to consider the scientific process that is truly at work. Walking through the rows of trees in the forest this time of year is inspiring — nature’s artistry and science on full display!
28. Why does the author mention Robert Frost in paragraph 1?
A. To admire his poems, B. To explain autumn scientifically.
C. To stress the inspiration of autumn. D. To compare science with literature.
29. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. How tree leaves grow better. B. How tree leaves get their colors.
C. How sunlight’s energy is used. D. How trees get through summer.
30. What directly causes tree leaves to show bright autumn colors?
A. Daylight becoming longer. B. A great change in temperatures.
C. Not enough food for the trees. D. The disappearance of chlorophyll and pigment.
31. What may be the best title for this text?
A. How Trees Change Colors in Autumn B. Why People Study the Colors of Trees
C. What Causes the Change in Chlorophyll D. When Nature Is the Most Attractive
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了秋天树叶的颜色发生变化的科学道理。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“This seasonal change has inspired many artists to create amazing poetry, such as Nothing Gold Can Stay by Robert Frost or Song for Autumn by Mary Oliver.(这种季节的变化激发了许多艺术家创作出令人惊叹的诗歌，比如Robert Frost的《美景易逝》和Mary Oliver的《秋天之歌》)”可知，作者提到Robert Frost就是为了证明秋天给诗人带来灵感。故选C。
【29题详解】
段落大意题。根据第二段内容，结合第一句“In the spring and summer, tree leaves produce a chemical called chlorophyll(叶绿素), which is responsible for the green color.(在春天和夏天，树叶会产生一种叫做叶绿素的化学物质，这就是树叶是绿色的原因)”可知，本段主要介绍树叶颜色的由来。故选B。
30题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段的前两句“As the seasons begin to change, daylight becomes shorter and temperatures go down, causing the trees to stop producing the sugars that they need to live. As a result, the chlorophyll and its green pigment(色素) begin to disappear, showing the bright autumn colors that so many trees are loved for.(随着季节的变化，白昼变短，气温下降，导致树木停止产生生存所需的糖分。因此，叶绿素及其绿色色素开始消失，呈现出许多树木喜爱的明亮的秋天色彩)”可知，直接引起树叶呈现明亮的秋天色彩的原因是叶绿素及色素的消失。不能选B项“温度的巨大变化”，文章中说的是温度降低，且温度变化只是树叶颜色发生变化的诱因，而不是直接因素，直接因素还是树叶里面的化学物质，即叶绿素和色素的消失。故选D。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“But have you ever wondered the scientific reason as to how trees get their special autumn colors?(但是你有没有想过树木为什么会有秋天的特殊颜色的科学原因？)”可知，本文主要介绍了秋天树叶的颜色发生变化的科学道理。A项“树木在秋天如何改变颜色”适合作为文章标题。故选A。
D
Researchers have discovered many recent Marsquakes on the Red Planet. Those shakes are likely signs that magma (岩浆) move deep under the Martian surface.
Since touching down on Mars four years ago, NASA’s InSight lander has found more than 1,000 Marsquakes. One of its tools records quake waves. Those waves show information about a quake’s size and location.
Earlier this year, scientists showed that several Marsquakes came from a particular part of Mars. It’s known as Cerberus Fossae. Those quakes were a type pretty familiar to quake experts, states Anna Mittelholz, a planetary scientist at Harvard University. Their low-frequency waves “look much more like what we see for an earthquake,” she says.
Mittelholz was part of a team that has studied many more Marsquakes. These include more than 1,000 high-frequency small quakes. The signals (信号) are fairly weak. To find out their origins, her team added the signals together. These quakes, too, seemed to come from the direction of Cerberus Fossae.
Scientists were surprised to find that different types of quakes all came from the same region on Mars. Previous research had suggested Marsquakes might be caused by the slow cooling and shrinking (收缩) of the planet’s surface. That process, which also occurs on the moon, should produce quakes spread equally across the planet. As such, Mitteiholz says, “The expectation was that Marsquakes would come from all over the place.”
Her team also compared the weak waves that InSight measured with those produced on Earth. Marsquakes looked like earthquakes that came from volcanic regions, the researchers found. That means Mars’ shakes are probably produced by magma flowing tens of kilometers below the planet’s surface.
Rather than being a geologically dead planet, as some have suggested, Mars might be surprisingly active, the researchers conclude (下结论). There’s still so much more to learn about Mars, says Mitteiholz. “We’re only touching the surface.”
32. Why are the quake waves on Mars familiar to scientists?
A. They are like the waves on Earth.
B. They are sent from the same place.
C. They are weak enough to be sensed.
D. They are full of all kinds of information.
33. Why is the moon mentioned in paragraph 5?
A. To show quakes on the moon are common.
B. To give an easy explanation of earthquakes.
C. To show the similarity between the moon and Earth.
D. To prove Marsquakes may have little to do with temperatures.
34. What do the scientists conclude about Mars?
A. Mars is a secret to them. B. Mars is a relatively dead planet.
C. Mars might be still volcanically active. D. Mars has more quakes than Earth.
35. What is the text?
A. A short story. B. A science report.
C. A space diary. D. A book review.
【答案】32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发现了很多火星地震，并介绍了这些地震发生的原因，位置等。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Those quakes were a type pretty familiar to quake experts, states Anna Mittelholz, a planetary scientist at Harvard University. Their low-frequency waves “look much more like what we see for an earthquake,” she says.(哈佛大学的行星科学家Anna Mittelholz说，地震专家对这种地震非常熟悉。他们的低频波“看起来更像我们看到的地震，”她说。)”可知，科学家对火星上的地震波很熟悉是因为它们就像地球上的波浪。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段的“Scientists were surprised to find that different types of quakes all came from the same region on Mars. Previous research had suggested Marsquakes might be caused by the slow cooling and shrinking (收缩) of the planet’s surface. That process, which also occurs on the moon, should produce quakes spread equally across the planet.(科学家们惊讶地发现，不同类型的地震都来自火星上的同一个地区。此前的研究表明，火星地震可能是由地球表面缓慢冷却和收缩引起的。这一过程也发生在月球上，应该会产生在地球上平均分布的地震。)”可知，提到月球是为了证明火星上的地震与温度变化无关。故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Rather than being a geologically dead planet, as some have suggested, Mars might be surprisingly active, the researchers conclude (下结论).(研究人员得出结论，火星并非像一些人认为的那样是一颗地质上死气塌地的行星，而是可能异常活跃。)”可知，火星可能是个火山活跃的星球。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Researchers have discovered many recent Marsquakes on the Red Planet. Those shakes are likely signs that magma (岩浆) move deep under the Martian surface.(研究人员最近在这颗红色星球上发现了许多火星地震。这些震动可能是岩浆在火星表面深处移动的迹象。)”可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员发现了很多火星地震，并介绍了这些地震发生的原因，位置等，由此可推知, 这是一篇科技报道类文章。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。
Many people give up desserts because they want to adopt a healthier lifestyle. ____36____ The secret lies in the amount of dessert you eat. So don’t give up dessert. Go ahead and have a bit of chocolate cake as you like.
____37____A pie or salad out of blueberries or strawberries is good for your heart. The fiber (纤维素) in fruit is also good for your digestion. So make a fruit salad, or add berries or other fresh fruit to low-fat Greek yogurt for a dessert, which will help you eat more fruit.
If you love chocolate, don’t worry, it loves you back. ____38____And the darker it is, the more benefits it contains. Just a few bites of chocolate may reduce your risk of heart disease. That’s because the antioxidants (抗氧化物) in dark chocolate could reduce your blood pressure.
Always in the mood for something sweet? ____39____ Having a bite of ice cream after a meal will keep you energetic for a long time. Saying no to dessert is actually a mistake that people who are on a diet commonly make. Sweets can be a part of healthy eating, as long as it is eaten in the right amount.
Have you ever eaten a piece of cake that made you feel happy? It’s true. You get that feeling because foods help your body produce a chemical that contributes to your feelings of happiness. So, go ahead and eat your aunt’s apple pie or your grandma’s cookies. ____40____
A. Chocolate is quite good for you.
B. It really will put a smile on your face.
C. Desserts are a big part of the holiday season.
D. But eating a small dessert will be good for you.
E. Satisfy your sweet tooth with a small dessert serving.
F. Desserts offer an easy way to add more fruit to your diet.
G. There’s a reason why you long for desserts and it’s not just about taste.
【答案】36. D 37. F 38. A 39. E 40. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了适量吃甜点的好处。
【36题详解】
上文“Many people give up desserts because they want to adopt a healthier lifestyle.(许多人放弃甜点是因为他们想采用更健康的生活方式)”说明很多人为了保持健康放弃甜点，以及下文“The secret lies in the amount of dessert you eat.(秘诀在于你吃的甜点的量)”说明秘诀在于控制甜点的量，D项“但吃一点甜点对你有好处。”与上文形成转折关系，引出下文，符合题意。故选D。
【37题详解】
下文“So make a fruit salad, or add berries or other fresh fruit to low-fat Greek yogurt for a dessert, which will help you eat more fruit.(所以做一份水果沙拉，或者在低脂希腊酸奶中加入浆果或其他新鲜水果作为甜点，这将帮助你吃更多的水果)”说明人们应该多吃水果，F项中more fruit是关键词，F项“甜点提供了一种在饮食中添加更多水果的简单方法。”引出下文，符合题意。故选F。
【38题详解】
下文“And the darker it is, the more benefits it contains.(颜色越深，它的好处就越多)”中it指代上文中的chocolate，说明巧克力是有好处的，A项“巧克力对你很有好处。”引出下文，符合题意。故选A。
【39题详解】
上文“Always in the mood for something sweet?(总是想要吃一些甜食吗？)”提出问题，以及下文“Having a bite of ice cream after a meal will keep you energetic for a long time.(饭后吃一口冰淇淋会让你长时间保持精力充沛)”说明饭后吃冰淇淋的好吃，E项“用一小份甜点来满足你对甜食的喜好。”回答上文的问题，同时引出下文，符合题意。故选E。
【40题详解】
上文“You get that feeling because foods help your body produce a chemical that contributes to your feelings of happiness.(你会有这种感觉，因为食物会帮助你的身体产生一种化学物质，这种化学物质有助于你的幸福感)”说明吃甜点有助于让人感觉幸福，B项“它真的会让你脸上露出笑容。”说明甜点对情绪有好处，承接上文，符合题意。故选B。
第三部分语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选
The year was 1966. I bit my lip (嘴唇) trying with all the strength a six-year-old could gather not to ____41____ .
When I was in first grade, class parties were held at schools. I was to ____42____ toys with Paul. I ____43____ to buy Paul a one-dollar Matchbox car popular with boys. It was really a (n) ____44____ , as my pocket money was only 20 cents a week. However, I ____45____ it.
I ____46____ a Mustang for Paul, since that is exactly what I would have wanted for myself. Paul did not reciprocate (互换) with a Mustang or any other Matchbox—the gift I ____47____ was a plastic Santa Claus less than 10 cents. ____48____ , I exchanged a shiny Mustang for a piece of rubbish!
As some boys excitedly ____49____ their new Matchbox cars across desktops, I held back hot tears and tried not to sniffle (吸鼻子) _____50_____. Despite selfishly feeling _____51_____ for myself, I started racing my skiing Santa alongside the Matchbox cars. I simply did not want to feel left out.
After class, Mrs. Bauer came and said to me, “I’m _____52_____ of you, dear. You didn’t show your _____53_____ with that toy. You gave Paul a very nice toy that made him happy, and you should be happy about that.”
Mrs. Bauer’s _____54_____ , which I did not fully understand at the lime was that it truly is _____55_____ to give than to receive.
41. A. cheat B. cry C. rush D. doubt
42. A. exchange B. deliver C. operate D. create
43. A. afforded B. decided C. continued D. pretended
44. A. honour B. shock C. challenge D. pleasure
45. A. made B. hit C. caught D. chanced
46 A. picked out B. took down C. applied for D. showed off
47. A. selected B. received C. updated D. maintained
48. A. As a result B. In particular C. In other words D. For example
49. A. threw B. placed C. passed D. raced
50. A. entirely B. unfortunately C. noticeably D. regularly
51. A. frank B. sorry C. amazed D. anxious
52. A. aware B. fond C. confident D. proud
53. A. expectation B. stress C. disappointment D. inspiration
54. A. message B. position C. impression D. announcement
55. A. easier B. better C. braver D. quicker
【答案】41. B 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. A 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. C 51. B 52. D 53. C 54. A 55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在班级举行的礼物交换活动中，作者送出了闪亮的火柴盒玩具车，却只收到了廉价的塑料圣诞老人，在老师的开导中，作者领悟到给予比接受更好。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我咬着嘴唇，用尽一个六岁孩子所能聚集的力气努力不哭。A. cheat欺骗；B. cry哭泣；C. rush冲；D. doubt怀疑。根据上文“I bit my lip”以及下文“I held back hot tears and tried not to sniffle ____10____ ,”可知，此处表示作者咬着嘴唇，努力不哭。故选B项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我将要和保罗交换玩具。A. exchange交换；B. deliver递送；C. operate操作；D. create创造。根据下文“I exchanged a shiny Mustang for a piece of rubbish!”可知，此处表示班级举行礼物交换活动，作者将要和保罗交换玩具。故选A项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定给保罗买一辆受男孩欢迎的一美元火柴盒汽车。A. afforded负担得起；B. decided决定；C. continued继续；D. pretended假装。根据下文“I ____6____ a Mustang for Paul, since that is exactly what I would have wanted for myself.”以及语境可知，此处表示作者决定给保罗买一辆火柴盒汽车。故选B项。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这真是一个挑战，因为我的零花钱每周只有20美分。A. honour荣誉；B. shock震惊；C. challenge挑战；D. pleasure高兴。根据下文“as my pocket money was only 20 cents a week.”可知，攒够一美元去买火柴盒汽车对于作者而言是一个挑战。故选C项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我做到了。A. made赢得；B. hit击中；C. caught抓住；D. chanced冒险。根据下文“I ____6____ a Mustang for Paul, since that is exactly what I would have wanted for myself.”可知，作者做到了，make it表示“做到，成功”，符合语境。故选A项。
【46题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我为保罗挑选了一辆野马，因为这正是我想要的。A. picked out挑选；B. took down拆除；C. applied for申请；D. showed off炫耀。根据上文“It was really a (n) ____4____ , as my pocket money was only 20 cents a week. However, I ____5____ it.”以及语境可知，作者攒够了一美元，为保罗挑选了一辆野马。故选A项。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：保罗没有回报野马或其他火柴盒——我收到的礼物是一个不到10美分的塑料圣诞老人。A. selected选择；B. received收到；C. updated更新；D. maintained保持。根据上文“Paul did not reciprocate (互换) with a Mustang or any other Matchbox”可知，作者收到的礼物是一个塑料圣诞老人。故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：换句话说，我用一辆闪亮的野马换了一块垃圾！A. As a result结果；B. In particular特别是；C. In other words换句话说；D. For example例如。根据上文“the gift I ____7____ was a plastic Santa Claus less than 10 cents.”可知，此处表示换句话说，作者用闪亮的玩具车换了个垃圾。故选C项。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一些男孩兴奋地用他们的新火柴盒汽车在桌面上比赛时，我忍住滚烫的泪水，尽量不让吸鼻子的声音太明显。A. threw掷；B. placed放置；C. passed通过；D. raced比赛。根据下文“I started racing my skiing Santa alongside the Matchbox cars.”可知，此处表示男孩们在桌面上用玩具汽车比赛。故选D项。
【50题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当一些男孩兴奋地用他们的新火柴盒汽车在桌面上比赛时，我忍住滚烫的泪水，尽量不让吸鼻子的声音太明显。A. entirely完全地；B. unfortunately不幸的是；C. noticeably明显地；D. regularly定期地。根据上文“I held back hot tears and tried not to sniffle (吸鼻子)”可知，此处表示作者努力不让吸鼻子的声音太明显。故选C项。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管我自私地为自己感觉难过，但我还是开始用滑雪圣诞老人在火柴盒汽车旁边一起比赛。A. frank坦率的；B. sorry难过的；C. amazed惊奇的；D. anxious焦虑的。根据上文“I exchanged a shiny Mustang for a piece of rubbish!”可知，作者认为自己收到的礼物毫无价值，所以为自己感到难过。故选B项。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：亲爱的，我为你感到自豪。A. aware意识到；B. fond喜欢的；C. confident自信的；D. proud自豪的。根据下文“You didn’t show your ____13____ with that toy. You gave Paul a very nice toy that made him happy, and you should be happy about that.”可知，此处表示老师为作者感到自豪。故选D项。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你没有表现出对那个玩具的失望。A. expectation期望；B. stress压力；C. disappointment失望；D. inspiration灵感。根据上文“I held back hot tears and tried not to sniffle (吸鼻子) ____10____ , Despite selfishly feeling ____11____ for myself, I started racing my skiing Santa alongside the Matchbox cars.”可知，作者没有表现出对那个玩具的失望。故选C项。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲍尔夫人传达的信息，我当时还没有完全理解，那就是给予比接受真地更好。A. message信息；B. position位置；C. impression印象；D. announcement公告。根据上文“You gave Paul a very nice toy that made him happy, and you should be happy about that.”可知，此处表示鲍尔夫人传达给作者的信息是给予比接受更好。故选A项。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：鲍尔夫人传达的信息，我当时还没有完全理解，那就是给予比接受真地更好。A. easier更容易的；B. better更好的；C. braver更勇敢的；D. quicker更快的。根据上文“You gave Paul a very nice toy that made him happy, and you should be happy about that.”可知，此处表示鲍尔夫人传达给作者的信息是给予比接受更好。故选B项。
第二节(共小题;每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Appearing in several lists of world wonders, the Taj Mahal (泰姬陵) is not only one of the largest tourist ____56____ (attraction) in India, it is also the most well-known example of Mughal architecture. Sometimes described as “ ____57____ most famous tomb in the world”, it reflects the pride and identity of Indian people as an example of the achievements of that age in India’s ____58____ (culture) history.
The tomb, which is ____59____ (tall) than a modern 20-story building, took more than twenty years ____60____ (complete). It was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife ____61____ died in childbirth in 1631. The Taj Mahal’s design includes features of Islamic, Turkish, Persian ____62____ Indian architecture. The white marble (大理石) of the structure takes on different colors at different times of the day. ____63____ (pollute), however, has been yellowing the white marble and the Indian government has enforced (加强) a 4, 000-square-mile area around the structure with strict environment standards. Lying in the city of Agra, on the banks ____64____ the Yamuna River in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, the Taj Mahal ____65____ (become) a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.
【答案】56. attractions
57. the 58. cultural
59. taller 60. to complete##to be completed
61. who##that
62. and 63. Pollution
64. of 65. became
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了泰姬陵及其在印度历史上地位和重要性。
【56题详解】
考查名词。句意：出现在几个世界奇迹的列表中，泰姬陵不仅是印度最大的旅游景点之一，也是莫卧儿最出名的建筑。“one of+复数名词”为固定结构，表示“……之一”，所以空处应用名词的复数形式。故填attractions。
【57题详解】
考查冠词。句意：有时被描述为“世界上最著名的陵墓”，它反映了印度人民的自豪感和身份，是印度文化史上那个时代成就的一个例子。most famous前应加上定冠词the，构成形容词最高级结构，符合题意。故填the。
【58题详解】
考查形容词。句意：有时被描述为“世界上最著名的陵墓”，它反映了印度人民的自豪感和身份，是印度文化史上那个时代成就的一个例子。空处修饰名词history，应用形容词形式作定语，cultural是形容词，表示“文化的”，符合题意。故填cultural。
【59题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：这座墓比一座20层的现代建筑还高，花了20多年才建成。根据空后than可知，此处表示“比一座20层的现代建筑还高”，空处应用形容词的比较级形式taller，表示“更高的”，符合题意。故填taller。
【60题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这座墓比一座20层的现代建筑还高，花了20多年才建成。It takes some time to do sth.为固定句型，表示“做某事花费……时间”，且complete与The tomb之间是被动关系，所以空处应用不定式的被动式to be completed，句子主语The tomb是句中不定式结构的逻辑宾语，则该不定式可用主动形式to complete表被动意义。故填to complete/to be completed。
【61题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：它是莫卧儿皇帝沙加汗为纪念1631年死于分娩的妻子而建造的。分析句子结构，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词his wife，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who/that引导从句。故填who/that。
【62题详解】
考查连词。句意：泰姬陵的设计包括伊斯兰、土耳其、波斯和印度建筑的特色。结合语意，Islamic, Turkish, Persian和Indian并列，作定语修饰名词architecture，所以空处应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
【63题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，污染已经使白色大理石变黄，印度政府已强制要求建筑周围4000平方英里的区域遵守严格的环境标准。分析句子结构，空处作句子主语，结合语意，空处应用名词pollution，表示“污染”，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Pollution。
【64题详解】
考查介词。句意：泰姬陵位于北方邦亚穆纳河畔的阿格拉市，1983年成为联合国教科文组织世界遗产。结合语意，此处表示“在亚穆纳河的河岸上”，空处应用介词of，表示“……的”，符合题意。故填of。
【65题详解】
考查时态。句意：泰姬陵位于北方邦亚穆纳河畔的阿格拉市，1983年成为联合国教科文组织世界遗产。根据句中时间状语in 1983可知，句子描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式became。故填became。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假定你是李华，你想邀请留学生Tom本周末到你家做客。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.主要活动；
3.乘车路线。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Tom,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Tom,
I’m writing to invite you to my home this weekend.
Recently I have learned to cook a few Chinese dishes from my grandpa. I’d like you to come and have a taste. In addition, my mother is going to make your favourite Chinese food — dumplings. I hope you will like it.
It’s easy for you to arrive at my home. You can take Bus No. 2, and get off at the post office, which is opposite my home. I will meet you at the bus stop then.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给留学生Tom写邮件，邀请他本周末到家里做客。
【详解】1.词汇积累
学习：learn→study
此外：in addition→besides
希望：hope→wish
喜欢：like→love
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Recently I have learned to cook a few Chinese dishes from my grandpa. I’d like you to come and have a taste.
拓展句：Because recently I have learned to cook a few Chinese dishes from my grandpa, I’d like you to come and have a taste.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I hope you will like it.（运用了省略that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】You can take Bus No. 2, and get off at the post office, which is opposite my home.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
There’s a saying in the West that when things get tough, you have to be brave and never give up. In Wyoming, the history of cowboys braving the bad environment to protect their farms during sub-zero weather, and fixing things on their own in the tough situation, is stuck in peopled minds. They are as independent as they are loyal. Hardened physically by their labors, they still have hearts as big as the Wyoming sky.
In Powell, Wyoming, you’ll find a tight group of college wrestlers (摔跤手). After practice one autumn morning, four of them went out into the wilderness (荒漠) to have a hike. The group divided into pairs to try different routes.
Five miles into the wilderness, Brady Lowry was attacked by a bear. The huge bear knocked him off a small hill, breaking his arm in the attack. It happened so fast he didn’t have time to get out of the way.
Teammate Kendell Cummings, who was a short distance away, shouted and rushed toward the bear, trying to frighten him away. “I caught and pulled him hard by the ear,” Cummings said. The bear turned from Lowry, jumped up and attacked Cummings, quickly knocking him to the ground. I could hear when his teeth would hit my head. I could feel when he’d bite down on my bones.”
The bear finally left, and Cummings stood up, blood pouring from open wounds on his face and arms. He called to his teammate. “I think the bear heard me. It kind of circled around and got me again.” Cummings recalled. He lay still, bleeding, until the bear left again.
After several minutes, he got up and found Lowry, and the two bloodied young men began the difficult journey down the mountain. At first they didn’t feel so much pain. But hiking down the rocky slope (斜坡) soon became unbearable. Lowry used his cellphone to call their other two teammates, Orrin Jackson and August Harrison, who met them on the way.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Orrin Jackson and August Harrison called the Search and Rescue team while carrying their teammates down the mountain.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After leaving the hospital, Lowry felt very grateful (感激的) to his teammates.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文
Orrin Jackson and August Harrison called the Search and Rescue team while carrying their teammates down the mountain. The Search and Rescue team set off at once after receiving the call. The two wounded were rushed to the hospital without any delay. Both Lowry and Cummings received multiple surgeries. It wasn’t long before the rest of their other teammates joined them in the hospital, staying for two days and two nights until Cummings and Lowry were in the clear. Fortunately, their lives were not in danger, but it would take some time to heal.
After leaving the hospital, Lowry felt very grateful(感激的) to his team mates. He was emotional about the experience, and grateful that his friend and teammates had saved his life. “That’s what the wrestling team does — we go to hell and back with each other. We all keep the cowboy spirit — loyal to friends and brave all difficulties,” he said. It will take months for the two brave wrestlers to recover from their life-threatening injuries. But they also plan on returning to the team as soon as possible.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一个秋天早晨，四名摔跤手在训练结束后去野外远足，他们分成两组尝试不同的路线，其中一组遭遇到了熊的袭击，Brady Lowry和Kendell Cummings身受重伤，下山时难以忍受疼痛，打电话给另外两名队友，然后在路上遇见了他们。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Orrin Jackson和August Harrison在把队友抬下山时打电话给搜救队。”可知，第一段可描写搜救队赶来把伤者送到医院救治。
②由第二段首句内容“出院后，Lowry对队友们非常感激。”可知，第二段可描写Lowry感激队友和从这次经历中的感悟。
2.续写线索：
被搜救队送往医院手术——没有生命危险——感激——感悟——计划尽快归队
3词汇激活
行为类
①出发：set off/set out
②接受手术：receive multiple surgeries/undergo multiple surgeries
③返回：return/go back
情绪类
①感谢：be grateful/show one’s gratitude
【点睛】[高分句型1]. He was emotional about the experience, and grateful that his friend and teammates had saved his life.（由连接词that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]. That’s what the wrestling team does — we go to hell and back with each other.（由连接代词what引导的表语从句）
2022〜2023学年高一年级教学诊断性考试
英语(北师大版)
全卷满分150分, 考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：
1.答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、考场号、座位号、考生号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时, 选出每小题的答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如 需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上, 写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分30分)
做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How will the woman go to her meeting?
A. By car. B. By bus. C. By taxi.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: You seem in a hurry, Rose. Is everything OK?
W: No, I have a morning meeting, but my car doesn’t start, and the nearest bus has just gone. So I have to take a taxi.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When does Tom’s birthday party begin?
A. At 2:30. B. At 3:00. C. At 3:30.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: It’s 3 o’clock already! I’m late for Tom’s birthday party!
W: How late are you?
M: About 30 minutes.
W: Oh, that’s really terrible.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a coffee shop. B. In a shopping mall. C. At home.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: I’m too tired and I can’t shop anymore! I need a comfortable chair.
M: Me too. Let’s go to the cafe bar and get something to drink.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What do the speakers think of Tina?
A. She is loud. B. She is easy-going. C. She is quiet.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: I just met Tina. She is beautiful and seems a little shy and quiet. But I like her.
M: It is nice to have a few quiet people like Tina. We have enough loud people here!
W: That’s true.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman suggest?
A. Making an advertisement. B. Signing up for a team. C. Starting a baseball club.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: What are you looking at, Rob?
M: I’m reading this advertisement, Amy. Some people in our school want to start a baseball team.
W: That’s great. Let’s sign up for it.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分, 满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟;听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. How long does it take the woman to get to Guangzhou by train?
A. Half a day. B. One day. C. Two days.
7. Why does the woman want to get home before New Year’s Eve?
A. It’s a tradition.
B. It’s her parents’ order.
C. She misses her family very much.
【答案】6. C 7. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Hello, Mr. White. I would like to leave before the due time.
M: May I know the reason?
W: As you know, my parents live in Guangzhou, which is two days’ train trip from here. However, it’s a tradition for us to have a family get-together on the eve of the Spring Festival. I have to leave earlier to be in time.
M: It’s reasonable. Which day do you want to leave?
W: February 4th is OK. Is that available?
M: It’s OK. I just need to change the schedule slightly…
W: Thank you very much.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What is the woman?
A. A waitress. B. A guest. C. A salesgirl.
9. What will the man get if he orders a large Coke?
A. An extra sausage. B. More free food. C. Some free drinks.
10. What can we say about the woman?
A. She is generous. B. She is capable. C. She is curious.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. B
【解析】
【原文】W: Are you ready to order, Miss?
M: Sure. I’d like to order a large sausage and cheese pizza.
W: Would you like to add extra cheese?
M: Yes, please. Can you add an extra sausage as well?
W: Certainly. Anything to drink?
M: Give me a medium Coke, please.
W: If you add a large Coke to your order, we will serve you a small chocolate pan pizza for free.
M: That’s alright. I don’t think I’ll be able to eat all that.
W: You can take it away. It’s a good deal.
M: Well, you are right. I’ll have the large Coke and the chocolate pan pizza.
听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. Where does the man want to go by renting a car?
A. To a company. B. To the hotel. C. To the airport.
12. What will be written on the sign held by the driver?
A. Mr. Alfred. B. Ms. Beth. C. Time Travels.
13. How does the man feel about the car rent?
A. Too expensive. B. Very cheap. C. Acceptable.
【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Hello, is it Time Travels?
W: Yes. This is Beth. How can I help you?
M: I’m flying to your city to visit a company. I would like to rent a car to take me to the hotel from the airport.
W: Sure. May I know your name and your schedule please?
M: It’s Alfred. I’ll need it at 12 noon today, and I prefer a large white car.
W: That’s not a problem, Mr. Alfred. The driver will be holding a sign with your name on it.
M: Very good. How much do you charge?
W: The price is $ 200 an hour.
M: Okay, that’s not too expensive.
W: In case of being late, or any problem, please call us at this number, Mr. Alfred.
M: All right. Thanks for your help.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates. B. Boss and assistant. C. Teacher and student.
15. What can the app do for the woman?
A. Do her homework. B. Make a call. C. Make a study plan.
16. What is the most useful thing about the app according to the woman?
A. Giving advice on exercise.
B. Reminding people to go to sleep.
C. Sharing information among friends.
17. What does the man want the app to do?
A. Set up a study group. B. Help him do the exam. C. Offer him learning tips.
【答案】14. A 15. C 16. C 17. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Mary, what can you do on the app?
W: It can organize your exam. When you have an exam, just put in the date of the exam, the study time for each subject, and the topics you need. And the app will create a study plan for you.
M: It’s amazing! Does it do anything else?
W: Yeah, Bill. It tells when to take a break, drink some water and have something to eat. It also gives advice on different kinds of sports and it reminds you to go to sleep.
M: Can I share information with my friends?
W: Yeah, that’s the most important thing, in my opinion. You can set up a study group so that you can ask questions, share notes, tips and ideas and in general help each other.
M: Great! Where did you get the idea?
W: Well, when I joined a competition, I thought of this idea. I never thought we would win.
M: Well done! But will the app do the exams for us?
W: That would not be fair, Bill.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
18. What is the first speech class about?
A. Audience. B. Students. C. Friends.
19. How can a student make the audience support a particular idea?
A. By making connections with them.
B. By repeating the idea to them.
C. By being friendly to them.
20. What happened to the students after the third class?
A. They made fewer mistakes.
B. They became more confident.
C. They made more friends.
【答案】18. B 19. A 20. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Someone may feel very nervous when speaking in front of an audience. Mr. Todd tries to help people get rid of the nervousness on stage in his speech class. His speech class involves three speeches in front of the class. The first speech is about the students themselves. Since it is the first speech, a lot of students are nervous. Mr. Todd told them to think of the audience as their friends.
The second speech is supposed to get the audience to support a particular idea. One student talked about smoking. Another student talked about the former president. For this speech, Mr. Todd advised them to make connections with the audience. People are more likely to support your idea if you make it connected to them.
For the third speech, the student is supposed to try to get the audience to visit a particular country. By the third speech, the students were much more confident. It was easier for them to talk in front of their classmates. The students felt like they were all friends with each other. Even if they made a mistake, it was okay.
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Best Books of This Year
The Last Time I lied, by Riley Sager
$ 16 at the bookshop
Back when Emma was a kid at Camp Nightingale, three of her friends disappeared while playing the classic game of Two Truths and a Lie. Now, making waves in the art world, Emma’s invited back to camp to be the new painting instructor and she uses the position to find out what really happened to her friends all those years ago.
Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants , by Ann Brashares
$ 10 at the bookshop
Long-time fans of the classic series won’t forget that in the first Sisterhood , many of Bridget’s chapters take place while she attends a soccer camp in Baja, California. There she falls for dreamy coach Eric. Sisterhood is a classic for a reason thanks to the realistic, devoted friendships between the girls.
Flamer, by Mike Curato
$ 17 at the bookshop
Illustration (插图) novel Flamer follows Aiden Navarro through the summer camp between middle school and high school where everything feels new and different, like his whole world is changing. As Aiden tries to avoid bullies (欺凌) and fights, he also bonds with Elias and starts questioning his belief.
You Have a Match, by Emma Lord
$ 18 at the bookshop
Abby signs up for a DNA test only to learn that she actually has a secret sister, named Savvy. She has no idea why her parents gave Savvy up for adoption, so Abby finds herself at a summer camp with Savvy, and a whole bunch of questions she’d really like answers to. Sweet and full of exciting moments, You Have a Match is as sweet as a candy.
21. Which book is suitable for picture book lovers?
A. Flamer. B. You Have a Match.
C. The Last Time I Lied. D. Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants.
22. Which author’s book is the most expensive?
A. Riley Sager. B. Mike Curato.
C. Emma Lord. D. Ann Brashares.
23. What do these four books have in common?
A. They’re all about science.
B. They all cover family life.
C. They all talk about friendship.
D. They have something to do with camps.
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四本年度最佳图书。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据Flamer, by Mike Curato部分“Illustration (插图) novel Flamer follows Aiden Navarro through the summer camp between middle school and high school where everything feels new and different, like his whole world is changing.(插图小说Flamer讲述了艾登·纳瓦罗从初中到高中的夏令营，在那里，一切都感觉新鲜而不同，就像他的整个世界都在改变。)”可知，Flamer这本书是一本插图小说，适合喜欢图画书的读者。故选A项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Last Time I lied, by Riley Sager部分“$ 16 at the bookshop (书店价格16美元)”、Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants , by Ann Brashares部分“$ 10 at the bookshop (书店价格10美元)”、Flamer, by Mike Curato部分“$ 17 at the bookshop (书店价格17美元)”以及You Have a Match, by Emma Lord部分“$ 18 at the bookshop (书店价格18美元)”可知，Emma Lord所著的You Have a Match这本书价格最贵。故选C项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Last Time I lied, by Riley Sager部分“Now, making waves in the art world, Emma’s invited back to camp to be the new painting instructor and she uses the position to find out what really happened to her friends all those years ago.(现在，在艺术界掀起波澜，艾玛被邀请回营地担任新的绘画导师，她利用这个职位来了解那些年前她的朋友们到底发生了什么)”、Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants , by Ann Brashares部分“Long-time fans of the classic series won’t forget that in the first Sisterhood , many of Bridget’s chapters take place while she attends a soccer camp in Baja, California.(这部经典系列剧的长期粉丝不会忘记，在第一部Sisterhood中，布里奇特的许多章节都发生在她参加加利福尼亚州巴哈的足球训练营时)”、Flamer, by Mike Curato部分“Illustration (插图) novel Flamer follows Aiden Navarro through the summer camp between middle school and high school where everything feels new and different, like his whole world is changing.(插图小说Flamer讲述了艾登·纳瓦罗从初中到高中的夏令营，在那里，一切都感觉新鲜而不同，就像他的整个世界都在改变。)”以及You Have a Match, by Emma Lord部分“She has no idea why her parents gave Savvy up for adoption, so Abby finds herself at a summer camp with Savvy, and a whole bunch of questions she’d really like answers to.(她不知道父母为什么要把Savvy交给别人收养，所以Abby发现自己和Savvy一起参加了夏令营，还有一大堆她很想知道的问题)”可知，四本书中的故事都和营地有关系。故选D项。
B
I live in London now. In 2015, I decided to take a break and do some traveling. During my travel, I saw a lot of plastic waste in the ocean, and started wondering what I could do about it. I reused my bamboo bike, which I’d made at the Bamboo Bicycle Club in Hackney, to float on the Thames and collect plastic on the river.
On September 18, I started my journey at the source of the Thames in Lechlade. Every day was different and the first was the worst. It was raining hard and when I tried to put the bamboo bike in the water, the weight of it turned the whole thing over. I thought: This is it — the project is over! But after a good hour I managed to get it out.
I had two fishing nets that I filled up every day with plastic, and I couldn’t even collect everything because some bits were hidden under a forest of seagrass. I also took pictures and geotagged them, to map which parts of the river were the most polluted. Oxford was particularly bad, with a lot of takeaway boxes, bottles, DVDs and even some chicken breasts still in the plastic bags.
My journey taught me the hard way that cleaning up the river is not going to solve the problem. We need to target the root cause: the buying of plastic. I’m thinking of running some activities in London and trying to make them spread quickly, like filling up a London bus with plastic bottles to represent how much plastic waste is produced every minute in London.
I want to show people how plastic is affecting us: how some of it even comes back into our bodies via microplastics(塑料微粒) in fish or salt. I know you can’t totally cut out the use of plastic, just like that, but I’d like people to think twice before buying their next bottle of water. Every step helps.
24. Why does the author make use of the bamboo bike again?
A It’s comfortable to ride. B. It can float on the water.
C. It can be used for exercise. D. It won’t pollute the river.
25. How did the author feel when the bamboo bike turned over?
A. The project failed. B. The bike was gone.
C. Everything would turn better. D. All the work was finished.
26. Which is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “geotagged” in paragraph 3?
A. Revised. B. Cleared. C. Marked. D. Collected.
27. What does the author think is more important to do with plastic pollution?
A. Closing plastic factories. B. Reusing plastic items.
C. Collecting plastic waste. D. Buying fewer plastic products.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了2015年作者决定休假去旅行，途中看到海洋上漂浮着很多塑料垃圾，于是开始骑着自己的竹制自行车在泰晤士河上捡塑料垃圾，保护环境的故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I reused my bamboo bike, which I’d made at the Bamboo Bicycle Club in Hackney, to float on the Thames and collect plastic on the river.(我再利用我在Hackney的竹子自行车俱乐部做的竹子自行车，漂浮在泰晤士河上，在河里收集塑料)”可知，竹子做的自行车可以漂浮在水上，所以作者循环利用它。故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I thought: This is it — the project is over!(我想：就这样了——项目结束了)”可知，竹自行车翻车的时候，作者认为这个项目失败了。故选A。
【26题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“took pictures(拍照)”以及下文的“to map which parts of the river were the most polluted(绘制出河流中污染最严重的部分)”可知，作者拍下照片是为了绘制地图，标识出河流的哪片区域污染最严重。由此可推知，geotagged与绘制地图有关，表示对垃圾多的地方进行标记。marked表示“做记号”，意思与之最相近。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We need to target the root cause: the buying of plastic.(我们需要针对根本原因：购买塑料)”及最后一段中“I know you can’t totally cut out the use of plastic, just like that, but I’d like people to think twice before buying their next bottle of water.(我知道你不能完全停止使用塑料，但我希望人们在购买下一瓶水之前三思)”可知，作者认为，塑料垃圾多的根源是人们购买塑料制品。由此可推知，在作者看来，少购买塑料制品对减少塑料污染很重要。故选D。
C
Everyone loves watching the leaves change in autumn and observing the variety of colors. This seasonal change has inspired many artists to create amazing poetry, such as Nothing Gold Can Stay by Robert Frost or Song for Autumn by Mary Oliver. But have you ever wondered the scientific reason as to how trees get their special autumn colors?
In the spring and summer, tree leaves produce a chemical called chlorophyll(叶绿素), which is responsible for the green color. Chlorophyll is in charge of using the sunlight’s energy to create sugars that the tree needs to survive. There are actually two main types of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll A is present in every tree, but Chlorophyll B is present only in trees that do not get as much sunlight, so Chlorophyll B assists Chlorophyll A to produce enough food for the trees to survive. Chlorophyll A gives leaves a bright green color, while Chlorophyll B produces a darker green color.
As the seasons begin to change, daylight becomes shorter and temperatures go down, causing the trees to stop producing the sugars that they need to live. As a result, the chlorophyll and its green pigment(色素) begin to disappear, showing the bright autumn colors that so many trees are loved for. Aside from chlorophyll, there are some other chemicals that bring red or yellow pigments to tree leaves.
Autumn is a magical season that has the ability to attract us each and every year with its bright change of colors in trees. Sometimes it can seem so supernatural in all of its beauty that we forget to consider the scientific process that is truly at work. Walking through the rows of trees in the forest this time of year is inspiring — nature’s artistry and science on full display!
28. Why does the author mention Robert Frost in paragraph 1?
A. To admire his poems, B. To explain autumn scientifically.
C. To stress the inspiration of autumn. D. To compare science with literature.
29. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. How tree leaves grow better. B. How tree leaves get their colors.
C. How sunlight’s energy is used. D. How trees get through summer.
30. What directly causes tree leaves to show bright autumn colors?
A. Daylight becoming longer. B. A great change in temperatures.
C. Not enough food for the trees. D. The disappearance of chlorophyll and pigment.
31. What may be the best title for this text?
A. How Trees Change Colors in Autumn B. Why People Study the Colors of Trees
C. What Causes the Change in Chlorophyll D. When Nature Is the Most Attractive
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了秋天树叶的颜色发生变化的科学道理。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“This seasonal change has inspired many artists to create amazing poetry, such as Nothing Gold Can Stay by Robert Frost or Song for Autumn by Mary Oliver.(这种季节的变化激发了许多艺术家创作出令人惊叹的诗歌，比如Robert Frost的《美景易逝》和Mary Oliver的《秋天之歌》)”可知，作者提到Robert Frost就是为了证明秋天给诗人带来灵感。故选C。
【29题详解】
段落大意题。根据第二段内容，结合第一句“In the spring and summer, tree leaves produce a chemical called chlorophyll(叶绿素), which is responsible for the green color.(在春天和夏天，树叶会产生一种叫做叶绿素的化学物质，这就是树叶是绿色的原因)”可知，本段主要介绍树叶颜色的由来。故选B。
30题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段的前两句“As the seasons begin to change, daylight becomes shorter and temperatures go down, causing the trees to stop producing the sugars that they need to live. As a result, the chlorophyll and its green pigment(色素) begin to disappear, showing the bright autumn colors that so many trees are loved for.(随着季节的变化，白昼变短，气温下降，导致树木停止产生生存所需的糖分。因此，叶绿素及其绿色色素开始消失，呈现出许多树木喜爱的明亮的秋天色彩)”可知，直接引起树叶呈现明亮的秋天色彩的原因是叶绿素及色素的消失。不能选B项“温度的巨大变化”，文章中说的是温度降低，且温度变化只是树叶颜色发生变化的诱因，而不是直接因素，直接因素还是树叶里面的化学物质，即叶绿素和色素的消失。故选D。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“But have you ever wondered the scientific reason as to how trees get their special autumn colors?(但是你有没有想过树木为什么会有秋天的特殊颜色的科学原因？)”可知，本文主要介绍了秋天树叶的颜色发生变化的科学道理。A项“树木在秋天如何改变颜色”适合作为文章标题。故选A。
D
Researchers have discovered many recent Marsquakes on the Red Planet. Those shakes are likely signs that magma (岩浆) move deep under the Martian surface.
Since touching down on Mars four years ago, NASA’s InSight lander has found more than 1,000 Marsquakes. One of its tools records quake waves. Those waves show information about a quake’s size and location.
Earlier this year, scientists showed that several Marsquakes came from a particular part of Mars. It’s known as Cerberus Fossae. Those quakes were a type pretty familiar to quake experts, states Anna Mittelholz, a planetary scientist at Harvard University. Their low-frequency waves “look much more like what we see for an earthquake,” she says.
Mittelholz was part of a team that has studied many more Marsquakes. These include more than 1,000 high-frequency small quakes. The signals (信号) are fairly weak. To find out their origins, her team added the signals together. These quakes, too, seemed to come from the direction of Cerberus Fossae.
Scientists were surprised to find that different types of quakes all came from the same region on Mars. Previous research had suggested Marsquakes might be caused by the slow cooling and shrinking (收缩) of the planet’s surface. That process, which also occurs on the moon, should produce quakes spread equally across the planet. As such, Mitteiholz says, “The expectation was that Marsquakes would come from all over the place.”
Her team also compared the weak waves that InSight measured with those produced on Earth. Marsquakes looked like earthquakes that came from volcanic regions, the researchers found. That means Mars’ shakes are probably produced by magma flowing tens of kilometers below the planet’s surface.
Rather than being a geologically dead planet, as some have suggested, Mars might be surprisingly active, the researchers conclude (下结论). There’s still so much more to learn about Mars, says Mitteiholz. “We’re only touching the surface.”
32. Why are the quake waves on Mars familiar to scientists?
A. They are like the waves on Earth.
B. They are sent from the same place.
C. They are weak enough to be sensed.
D. They are full of all kinds of information.
33. Why is the moon mentioned in paragraph 5?
A. To show quakes on the moon are common.
B. To give an easy explanation of earthquakes.
C. To show the similarity between the moon and Earth.
D. To prove Marsquakes may have little to do with temperatures.
34. What do the scientists conclude about Mars?
A. Mars is a secret to them. B. Mars is a relatively dead planet.
C. Mars might be still volcanically active. D. Mars has more quakes than Earth.
35. What is the text?
A. A short story. B. A science report.
C. A space diary. D. A book review.
【答案】32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发现了很多火星地震，并介绍了这些地震发生的原因，位置等。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Those quakes were a type pretty familiar to quake experts, states Anna Mittelholz, a planetary scientist at Harvard University. Their low-frequency waves “look much more like what we see for an earthquake,” she says.(哈佛大学的行星科学家Anna Mittelholz说，地震专家对这种地震非常熟悉。他们的低频波“看起来更像我们看到的地震，”她说。)”可知，科学家对火星上的地震波很熟悉是因为它们就像地球上的波浪。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段的“Scientists were surprised to find that different types of quakes all came from the same region on Mars. Previous research had suggested Marsquakes might be caused by the slow cooling and shrinking (收缩) of the planet’s surface. That process, which also occurs on the moon, should produce quakes spread equally across the planet.(科学家们惊讶地发现，不同类型的地震都来自火星上的同一个地区。此前的研究表明，火星地震可能是由地球表面缓慢冷却和收缩引起的。这一过程也发生在月球上，应该会产生在地球上平均分布的地震。)”可知，提到月球是为了证明火星上的地震与温度变化无关。故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Rather than being a geologically dead planet, as some have suggested, Mars might be surprisingly active, the researchers conclude (下结论).(研究人员得出结论，火星并非像一些人认为的那样是一颗地质上死气塌地的行星，而是可能异常活跃。)”可知，火星可能是个火山活跃的星球。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Researchers have discovered many recent Marsquakes on the Red Planet. Those shakes are likely signs that magma (岩浆) move deep under the Martian surface.(研究人员最近在这颗红色星球上发现了许多火星地震。这些震动可能是岩浆在火星表面深处移动的迹象。)”可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员发现了很多火星地震，并介绍了这些地震发生的原因，位置等，由此可推知, 这是一篇科技报道类文章。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。
Many people give up desserts because they want to adopt a healthier lifestyle. ____36____ The secret lies in the amount of dessert you eat. So don’t give up dessert. Go ahead and have a bit of chocolate cake as you like.
____37____A pie or salad out of blueberries or strawberries is good for your heart. The fiber (纤维素) in fruit is also good for your digestion. So make a fruit salad, or add berries or other fresh fruit to low-fat Greek yogurt for a dessert, which will help you eat more fruit.
If you love chocolate, don’t worry, it loves you back. ____38____And the darker it is, the more benefits it contains. Just a few bites of chocolate may reduce your risk of heart disease. That’s because the antioxidants (抗氧化物) in dark chocolate could reduce your blood pressure.
Always in the mood for something sweet? ____39____ Having a bite of ice cream after a meal will keep you energetic for a long time. Saying no to dessert is actually a mistake that people who are on a diet commonly make. Sweets can be a part of healthy eating, as long as it is eaten in the right amount.
Have you ever eaten a piece of cake that made you feel happy? It’s true. You get that feeling because foods help your body produce a chemical that contributes to your feelings of happiness. So, go ahead and eat your aunt’s apple pie or your grandma’s cookies. ____40____
A. Chocolate is quite good for you.
B. It really will put a smile on your face.
C. Desserts are a big part of the holiday season.
D. But eating a small dessert will be good for you.
E. Satisfy your sweet tooth with a small dessert serving.
F. Desserts offer an easy way to add more fruit to your diet.
G. There’s a reason why you long for desserts and it’s not just about taste.
【答案】36. D 37. F 38. A 39. E 40. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了适量吃甜点的好处。
【36题详解】
上文“Many people give up desserts because they want to adopt a healthier lifestyle.(许多人放弃甜点是因为他们想采用更健康的生活方式)”说明很多人为了保持健康放弃甜点，以及下文“The secret lies in the amount of dessert you eat.(秘诀在于你吃的甜点的量)”说明秘诀在于控制甜点的量，D项“但吃一点甜点对你有好处。”与上文形成转折关系，引出下文，符合题意。故选D。
【37题详解】
下文“So make a fruit salad, or add berries or other fresh fruit to low-fat Greek yogurt for a dessert, which will help you eat more fruit.(所以做一份水果沙拉，或者在低脂希腊酸奶中加入浆果或其他新鲜水果作为甜点，这将帮助你吃更多的水果)”说明人们应该多吃水果，F项中more fruit是关键词，F项“甜点提供了一种在饮食中添加更多水果的简单方法。”引出下文，符合题意。故选F。
【38题详解】
下文“And the darker it is, the more benefits it contains.(颜色越深，它的好处就越多)”中it指代上文中的chocolate，说明巧克力是有好处的，A项“巧克力对你很有好处。”引出下文，符合题意。故选A。
【39题详解】
上文“Always in the mood for something sweet?(总是想要吃一些甜食吗？)”提出问题，以及下文“Having a bite of ice cream after a meal will keep you energetic for a long time.(饭后吃一口冰淇淋会让你长时间保持精力充沛)”说明饭后吃冰淇淋的好吃，E项“用一小份甜点来满足你对甜食的喜好。”回答上文的问题，同时引出下文，符合题意。故选E。
【40题详解】
上文“You get that feeling because foods help your body produce a chemical that contributes to your feelings of happiness.(你会有这种感觉，因为食物会帮助你的身体产生一种化学物质，这种化学物质有助于你的幸福感)”说明吃甜点有助于让人感觉幸福，B项“它真的会让你脸上露出笑容。”说明甜点对情绪有好处，承接上文，符合题意。故选B。
第三部分语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选
The year was 1966. I bit my lip (嘴唇) trying with all the strength a six-year-old could gather not to ____41____ .
When I was in first grade, class parties were held at schools. I was to ____42____ toys with Paul. I ____43____ to buy Paul a one-dollar Matchbox car popular with boys. It was really a (n) ____44____ , as my pocket money was only 20 cents a week. However, I ____45____ it.
I ____46____ a Mustang for Paul, since that is exactly what I would have wanted for myself. Paul did not reciprocate (互换) with a Mustang or any other Matchbox—the gift I ____47____ was a plastic Santa Claus less than 10 cents. ____48____ , I exchanged a shiny Mustang for a piece of rubbish!
As some boys excitedly ____49____ their new Matchbox cars across desktops, I held back hot tears and tried not to sniffle (吸鼻子) _____50_____. Despite selfishly feeling _____51_____ for myself, I started racing my skiing Santa alongside the Matchbox cars. I simply did not want to feel left out.
After class, Mrs. Bauer came and said to me, “I’m _____52_____ of you, dear. You didn’t show your _____53_____ with that toy. You gave Paul a very nice toy that made him happy, and you should be happy about that.”
Mrs. Bauer’s _____54_____ , which I did not fully understand at the lime was that it truly is _____55_____ to give than to receive.
41. A. cheat B. cry C. rush D. doubt
42. A. exchange B. deliver C. operate D. create
43. A. afforded B. decided C. continued D. pretended
44. A. honour B. shock C. challenge D. pleasure
45. A. made B. hit C. caught D. chanced
46 A. picked out B. took down C. applied for D. showed off
47. A. selected B. received C. updated D. maintained
48. A. As a result B. In particular C. In other words D. For example
49. A. threw B. placed C. passed D. raced
50. A. entirely B. unfortunately C. noticeably D. regularly
51. A. frank B. sorry C. amazed D. anxious
52. A. aware B. fond C. confident D. proud
53. A. expectation B. stress C. disappointment D. inspiration
54. A. message B. position C. impression D. announcement
55. A. easier B. better C. braver D. quicker
【答案】41. B 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. A 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. C 51. B 52. D 53. C 54. A 55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在班级举行的礼物交换活动中，作者送出了闪亮的火柴盒玩具车，却只收到了廉价的塑料圣诞老人，在老师的开导中，作者领悟到给予比接受更好。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我咬着嘴唇，用尽一个六岁孩子所能聚集的力气努力不哭。A. cheat欺骗；B. cry哭泣；C. rush冲；D. doubt怀疑。根据上文“I bit my lip”以及下文“I held back hot tears and tried not to sniffle ____10____ ,”可知，此处表示作者咬着嘴唇，努力不哭。故选B项。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我将要和保罗交换玩具。A. exchange交换；B. deliver递送；C. operate操作；D. create创造。根据下文“I exchanged a shiny Mustang for a piece of rubbish!”可知，此处表示班级举行礼物交换活动，作者将要和保罗交换玩具。故选A项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定给保罗买一辆受男孩欢迎的一美元火柴盒汽车。A. afforded负担得起；B. decided决定；C. continued继续；D. pretended假装。根据下文“I ____6____ a Mustang for Paul, since that is exactly what I would have wanted for myself.”以及语境可知，此处表示作者决定给保罗买一辆火柴盒汽车。故选B项。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这真是一个挑战，因为我的零花钱每周只有20美分。A. honour荣誉；B. shock震惊；C. challenge挑战；D. pleasure高兴。根据下文“as my pocket money was only 20 cents a week.”可知，攒够一美元去买火柴盒汽车对于作者而言是一个挑战。故选C项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我做到了。A. made赢得；B. hit击中；C. caught抓住；D. chanced冒险。根据下文“I ____6____ a Mustang for Paul, since that is exactly what I would have wanted for myself.”可知，作者做到了，make it表示“做到，成功”，符合语境。故选A项。
【46题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我为保罗挑选了一辆野马，因为这正是我想要的。A. picked out挑选；B. took down拆除；C. applied for申请；D. showed off炫耀。根据上文“It was really a (n) ____4____ , as my pocket money was only 20 cents a week. However, I ____5____ it.”以及语境可知，作者攒够了一美元，为保罗挑选了一辆野马。故选A项。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：保罗没有回报野马或其他火柴盒——我收到的礼物是一个不到10美分的塑料圣诞老人。A. selected选择；B. received收到；C. updated更新；D. maintained保持。根据上文“Paul did not reciprocate (互换) with a Mustang or any other Matchbox”可知，作者收到的礼物是一个塑料圣诞老人。故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：换句话说，我用一辆闪亮的野马换了一块垃圾！A. As a result结果；B. In particular特别是；C. In other words换句话说；D. For example例如。根据上文“the gift I ____7____ was a plastic Santa Claus less than 10 cents.”可知，此处表示换句话说，作者用闪亮的玩具车换了个垃圾。故选C项。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一些男孩兴奋地用他们的新火柴盒汽车在桌面上比赛时，我忍住滚烫的泪水，尽量不让吸鼻子的声音太明显。A. threw掷；B. placed放置；C. passed通过；D. raced比赛。根据下文“I started racing my skiing Santa alongside the Matchbox cars.”可知，此处表示男孩们在桌面上用玩具汽车比赛。故选D项。
【50题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当一些男孩兴奋地用他们的新火柴盒汽车在桌面上比赛时，我忍住滚烫的泪水，尽量不让吸鼻子的声音太明显。A. entirely完全地；B. unfortunately不幸的是；C. noticeably明显地；D. regularly定期地。根据上文“I held back hot tears and tried not to sniffle (吸鼻子)”可知，此处表示作者努力不让吸鼻子的声音太明显。故选C项。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管我自私地为自己感觉难过，但我还是开始用滑雪圣诞老人在火柴盒汽车旁边一起比赛。A. frank坦率的；B. sorry难过的；C. amazed惊奇的；D. anxious焦虑的。根据上文“I exchanged a shiny Mustang for a piece of rubbish!”可知，作者认为自己收到的礼物毫无价值，所以为自己感到难过。故选B项。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：亲爱的，我为你感到自豪。A. aware意识到；B. fond喜欢的；C. confident自信的；D. proud自豪的。根据下文“You didn’t show your ____13____ with that toy. You gave Paul a very nice toy that made him happy, and you should be happy about that.”可知，此处表示老师为作者感到自豪。故选D项。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你没有表现出对那个玩具的失望。A. expectation期望；B. stress压力；C. disappointment失望；D. inspiration灵感。根据上文“I held back hot tears and tried not to sniffle (吸鼻子) ____10____ , Despite selfishly feeling ____11____ for myself, I started racing my skiing Santa alongside the Matchbox cars.”可知，作者没有表现出对那个玩具的失望。故选C项。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲍尔夫人传达的信息，我当时还没有完全理解，那就是给予比接受真地更好。A. message信息；B. position位置；C. impression印象；D. announcement公告。根据上文“You gave Paul a very nice toy that made him happy, and you should be happy about that.”可知，此处表示鲍尔夫人传达给作者的信息是给予比接受更好。故选A项。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：鲍尔夫人传达的信息，我当时还没有完全理解，那就是给予比接受真地更好。A. easier更容易的；B. better更好的；C. braver更勇敢的；D. quicker更快的。根据上文“You gave Paul a very nice toy that made him happy, and you should be happy about that.”可知，此处表示鲍尔夫人传达给作者的信息是给予比接受更好。故选B项。
第二节(共小题;每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Appearing in several lists of world wonders, the Taj Mahal (泰姬陵) is not only one of the largest tourist ____56____ (attraction) in India, it is also the most well-known example of Mughal architecture. Sometimes described as “ ____57____ most famous tomb in the world”, it reflects the pride and identity of Indian people as an example of the achievements of that age in India’s ____58____ (culture) history.
The tomb, which is ____59____ (tall) than a modern 20-story building, took more than twenty years ____60____ (complete). It was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife ____61____ died in childbirth in 1631. The Taj Mahal’s design includes features of Islamic, Turkish, Persian ____62____ Indian architecture. The white marble (大理石) of the structure takes on different colors at different times of the day. ____63____ (pollute), however, has been yellowing the white marble and the Indian government has enforced (加强) a 4, 000-square-mile area around the structure with strict environment standards. Lying in the city of Agra, on the banks ____64____ the Yamuna River in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, the Taj Mahal ____65____ (become) a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.
【答案】56. attractions
57. the 58. cultural
59. taller 60. to complete##to be completed
61. who##that
62. and 63. Pollution
64. of 65. became
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了泰姬陵及其在印度历史上地位和重要性。
【56题详解】
考查名词。句意：出现在几个世界奇迹的列表中，泰姬陵不仅是印度最大的旅游景点之一，也是莫卧儿最出名的建筑。“one of+复数名词”为固定结构，表示“……之一”，所以空处应用名词的复数形式。故填attractions。
【57题详解】
考查冠词。句意：有时被描述为“世界上最著名的陵墓”，它反映了印度人民的自豪感和身份，是印度文化史上那个时代成就的一个例子。most famous前应加上定冠词the，构成形容词最高级结构，符合题意。故填the。
【58题详解】
考查形容词。句意：有时被描述为“世界上最著名的陵墓”，它反映了印度人民的自豪感和身份，是印度文化史上那个时代成就的一个例子。空处修饰名词history，应用形容词形式作定语，cultural是形容词，表示“文化的”，符合题意。故填cultural。
【59题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：这座墓比一座20层的现代建筑还高，花了20多年才建成。根据空后than可知，此处表示“比一座20层的现代建筑还高”，空处应用形容词的比较级形式taller，表示“更高的”，符合题意。故填taller。
【60题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这座墓比一座20层的现代建筑还高，花了20多年才建成。It takes some time to do sth.为固定句型，表示“做某事花费……时间”，且complete与The tomb之间是被动关系，所以空处应用不定式的被动式to be completed，句子主语The tomb是句中不定式结构的逻辑宾语，则该不定式可用主动形式to complete表被动意义。故填to complete/to be completed。
【61题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：它是莫卧儿皇帝沙加汗为纪念1631年死于分娩的妻子而建造的。分析句子结构，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词his wife，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who/that引导从句。故填who/that。
【62题详解】
考查连词。句意：泰姬陵的设计包括伊斯兰、土耳其、波斯和印度建筑的特色。结合语意，Islamic, Turkish, Persian和Indian并列，作定语修饰名词architecture，所以空处应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
【63题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，污染已经使白色大理石变黄，印度政府已强制要求建筑周围4000平方英里的区域遵守严格的环境标准。分析句子结构，空处作句子主语，结合语意，空处应用名词pollution，表示“污染”，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Pollution。
【64题详解】
考查介词。句意：泰姬陵位于北方邦亚穆纳河畔的阿格拉市，1983年成为联合国教科文组织世界遗产。结合语意，此处表示“在亚穆纳河的河岸上”，空处应用介词of，表示“……的”，符合题意。故填of。
【65题详解】
考查时态。句意：泰姬陵位于北方邦亚穆纳河畔的阿格拉市，1983年成为联合国教科文组织世界遗产。根据句中时间状语in 1983可知，句子描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式became。故填became。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
66. 假定你是李华，你想邀请留学生Tom本周末到你家做客。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.主要活动；
3.乘车路线。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Tom,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Tom,
I’m writing to invite you to my home this weekend.
Recently I have learned to cook a few Chinese dishes from my grandpa. I’d like you to come and have a taste. In addition, my mother is going to make your favourite Chinese food — dumplings. I hope you will like it.
It’s easy for you to arrive at my home. You can take Bus No. 2, and get off at the post office, which is opposite my home. I will meet you at the bus stop then.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给留学生Tom写邮件，邀请他本周末到家里做客。
【详解】1.词汇积累
学习：learn→study
此外：in addition→besides
希望：hope→wish
喜欢：like→love
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Recently I have learned to cook a few Chinese dishes from my grandpa. I’d like you to come and have a taste.
拓展句：Because recently I have learned to cook a few Chinese dishes from my grandpa, I’d like you to come and have a taste.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I hope you will like it.（运用了省略that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】You can take Bus No. 2, and get off at the post office, which is opposite my home.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
There’s a saying in the West that when things get tough, you have to be brave and never give up. In Wyoming, the history of cowboys braving the bad environment to protect their farms during sub-zero weather, and fixing things on their own in the tough situation, is stuck in peopled minds. They are as independent as they are loyal. Hardened physically by their labors, they still have hearts as big as the Wyoming sky.
In Powell, Wyoming, you’ll find a tight group of college wrestlers (摔跤手). After practice one autumn morning, four of them went out into the wilderness (荒漠) to have a hike. The group divided into pairs to try different routes.
Five miles into the wilderness, Brady Lowry was attacked by a bear. The huge bear knocked him off a small hill, breaking his arm in the attack. It happened so fast he didn’t have time to get out of the way.
Teammate Kendell Cummings, who was a short distance away, shouted and rushed toward the bear, trying to frighten him away. “I caught and pulled him hard by the ear,” Cummings said. The bear turned from Lowry, jumped up and attacked Cummings, quickly knocking him to the ground. I could hear when his teeth would hit my head. I could feel when he’d bite down on my bones.”
The bear finally left, and Cummings stood up, blood pouring from open wounds on his face and arms. He called to his teammate. “I think the bear heard me. It kind of circled around and got me again.” Cummings recalled. He lay still, bleeding, until the bear left again.
After several minutes, he got up and found Lowry, and the two bloodied young men began the difficult journey down the mountain. At first they didn’t feel so much pain. But hiking down the rocky slope (斜坡) soon became unbearable. Lowry used his cellphone to call their other two teammates, Orrin Jackson and August Harrison, who met them on the way.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Orrin Jackson and August Harrison called the Search and Rescue team while carrying their teammates down the mountain.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
After leaving the hospital, Lowry felt very grateful (感激的) to his teammates.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文
Orrin Jackson and August Harrison called the Search and Rescue team while carrying their teammates down the mountain. The Search and Rescue team set off at once after receiving the call. The two wounded were rushed to the hospital without any delay. Both Lowry and Cummings received multiple surgeries. It wasn’t long before the rest of their other teammates joined them in the hospital, staying for two days and two nights until Cummings and Lowry were in the clear. Fortunately, their lives were not in danger, but it would take some time to heal.
After leaving the hospital, Lowry felt very grateful(感激的) to his team mates. He was emotional about the experience, and grateful that his friend and teammates had saved his life. “That’s what the wrestling team does — we go to hell and back with each other. We all keep the cowboy spirit — loyal to friends and brave all difficulties,” he said. It will take months for the two brave wrestlers to recover from their life-threatening injuries. But they also plan on returning to the team as soon as possible.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一个秋天早晨，四名摔跤手在训练结束后去野外远足，他们分成两组尝试不同的路线，其中一组遭遇到了熊的袭击，Brady Lowry和Kendell Cummings身受重伤，下山时难以忍受疼痛，打电话给另外两名队友，然后在路上遇见了他们。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Orrin Jackson和August Harrison在把队友抬下山时打电话给搜救队。”可知，第一段可描写搜救队赶来把伤者送到医院救治。
②由第二段首句内容“出院后，Lowry对队友们非常感激。”可知，第二段可描写Lowry感激队友和从这次经历中的感悟。
2.续写线索：
被搜救队送往医院手术——没有生命危险——感激——感悟——计划尽快归队
3词汇激活
行为类
①出发：set off/set out
②接受手术：receive multiple surgeries/undergo multiple surgeries
③返回：return/go back
情绪类
①感谢：be grateful/show one’s gratitude
【点睛】[高分句型1]. He was emotional about the experience, and grateful that his friend and teammates had saved his life.（由连接词that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]. That’s what the wrestling team does — we go to hell and back with each other.（由连接代词what引导的表语从句）
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