中考总复习英语语法专项复习—代词课件

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第二部分语法专项复习代词1核心语法概述2语法知识导览3语法精讲精练4核心素养提升· 1 ·核心语法概述· 2 · 中考对代词的考查主要集中在不定代词、人称代词及物主代词的用法上。考查代词的题型有很多，常见的是单项选择、完形填空、单词拼写、词形变换以及选词填空。单项选择和完形填空主要从辨人称、辨形式和混合辨析 3 个角度进行考查，词形变换主要考查辨形式，单词拼写和选词填空主要考查辨人称。语法知识导览· 3 ·知识点 1 人称代词人称代词不仅可指代人，也可指代物，有人称、数和格的变化。语法精讲精练· 4 · 1. 人称代词的主格在句中只能充当主语。 2. 人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语或表语。（1）当第一人称代词与第二、第三人称代词并列时，通常的语序是第二、第三人称代词在前，第一人称代词在后，即“你、他/她/它（们）、我”的顺序。注意：在承认错误时，第一人称代词放在其他人称代词的前面。（2）当人称代词用在动词短语中时，应置于动词与副词的中间。· 5 ·例题小试牛刀知识点 2 物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。· 6 · 1. 形容词性物主代词只能作定语，修饰名词,位于名词之前。 2. 名词性物主代词在句中作主语、宾语和表语，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。注意：汉语中有不用物主代词的习惯，英语中某些词组则要使用。下列短语中的物主代词都不可省略：all one’s life，change one’s mind，do one’s best，come into one’s mind，do one’s homework，follow one’s example，make up one’s mind 等。· 7 ·小试牛刀例题知识点 3 反身代词反身代词由第一、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称代词宾格加后缀 –self 或 –selves 构成。· 8 · 1. 反身代词在句中作宾语、表语。当主语和宾语是同一人或物时，宾语用反身代词。反身代词常置于buy，enjoy，help，hurt，teach，wash，look after，dress，take care of 等动词或动词短语之后作宾语。 2. 反身代词作同位语，用以加强语气，表示“亲自”“本人”“自己”等意思。 3.反身代词与某些词连用，构成常用短语。 4. “by +反身代词”意为“独立地，单独地”，相当于 without any help 或 alone。· 9 ·小试牛刀例题知识点 4 指示代词· 10 · 1. 做介绍时使用。 2. 打电话用语。 3. that，those 可用于比较结构中，分别代替上文提到的不可数名词或复数名词，以避免重复。例题小试牛刀知识点 5 疑问代词疑问代词包括 who，whom，whose，which，what，常用来构成特殊疑问句。 1. who 通常在句中作主语、宾语或表语，whom 在句中作动词或介词的宾语。 2. whose 意为“谁的”，可以放在名词前，也可以单独使用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 3. which 在句中作主语、宾语或定语，意为“哪一个，哪一些”。Which 可以指代人也可以指代物；可以指代可数名词单数，也可以指代可数名词复数。 4. what 意为“什么”，可用来询问姓名、物品、颜色、时间、职业、外貌、天气等。· 12 ·例题小试牛刀知识拓展知识点 6 不定代词不定代词是用来表示不指明代替任何特定的人和物的代词。 1. both，either和 neither。· 13 · 2. all 和 none。· 13 · 3. each 和 every。 4. 由some，any，every，no构成的复合不定代词。 something，anything，everything，nothing 等作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。形容词修饰这些不定代词时，须作后置定语。 5. one 和 ones。· 13 · 6. some 和 any。（详见“七年级上册 Units 1~4”部分） 7. many和 much。· 13 · 8. little，a little，few 和 a few。（详见“七年级上册 Units 1~4”部分） 9. other(s)，the other(s) 和 another。（详见“七年级下册 Units 1~4”部分）例题小试牛刀知识点 7 it 的一般用法 1. 作主语，表时间、距离、天气、温度和地点等。 2. 可以指代上文提到的可数名词单数或不可数名词，也可以指代整个句子。 3. 作形式主语或形式宾语。 4. 当不明身份时，it 可指人。· 14 ·例题小试牛刀·常见错误分析· 1. 人称代词主格和宾格、物主代词和宾格混用。 2. 当指示代词 that 和 those 都用于指代上文所讲的事物时，两者经常误用。· 16 ·一、单项选择1. Look! The boys are making the model boat by ______. A. himself B. themselves C. ourselves D. yourselves2. —Did you do the homework ______? —Yes, I finished it on my own last night. A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself3. —Look at the umbrella. Whose is it? —It may be Millie’s. ______ umbrella is the same as this one. A. She B. Her C. Hers D. Herself核心素养提升· 17 ·BDB4. —Mum, Sally is coming for dinner this evening. —There’s only ______ beef in the fridge. Let’s buy some more meat and vegetables. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little5. You can ask ______ some questions by telephone. A. he B. him C. his D. himself6. —Susan, is that watch on the desk ______? —No, it isn’t ______ watch. It must be Brian’s. A. yours; my B. your; mine C. your; my D. yours; mine· 18 ·CBA7. The school offers two courses on computer technology. One is for beginners and ______ is for those who already have some basic knowledge. A. other B. another C. the other D. others8. The family photos aren’t in ______ room. It must be in ______. A. my; his B. his; my C. his; me D. me; his9. —Do you like English? —Yes, but I think ______ is a great challenge to learn the language well. A. that B. this C. it D. one10. Mr Jackson is a popular writer, and we all like reading ______ books. A. his B. her C. their D. your· 19 ·CACA11. Now many school uniforms in China are not very different from ______ in the UK or the USA. A. this B. that C. those D. these12. This is my pet dog. ______ name is Dingding. A. Its B. It’s C. It D. Itself13. —______ is in charge of the summer concert? —Jessie. She has a lot of experience. A. Where B. Why C. What D. Who· 20 ·CAD14. Most parents think it’s the happiest thing to spend time with ______ children. A. his B. our C. your D. their15. —Is this hat ______? —No, the red one is ______. A. Lucy’s; her B. Lucy; her C. Lucy’s; hers D. Lucy; hers16. I bought a present for ______. I hope you like ______. A. your; this B. yours; that C. you; it D. you; one17. —Jenny, is this ______ cat? —No. ______ is white. A. you; My B. your; Mine C. your; My D. yours; Mine· 21 ·DCCB18. President Xi Jinping wrote a letter to the Young Pioneers of China to celebrate ______ 70th anniversary(周年纪念日). A. their B. them C. theirs D. they19. —We are in times of difficulty at present. —As long as we pull together, success must belong to ______. A. us B. we C. our D. ours20. —Do you like rock music or country music? —______ I like Beijing Opera. A. Either. B. None. C. Both. D. Neither.· 21 ·AAD二、单词拼写根据括号内所给的中文提示，正确拼写单词。1. Parents should teach __________(they) children to do homework.2. Don’t always make decisions for your daughter. The choice is __________(her).3. Something is wrong with my father’s new computer. It always turns __________(it) off.4. Great changes have taken place in __________(we) home town. 5. The boy started to live in school and learn to manage time by __________(he).· 22 ·theirhersitselfourhimself例题 1My English teacher has a good sense of humour. We all like ______.A. she B. her C. hers D. herselfB分析与解答本题考查人称代词。句意：我的英语老师很有幽默感。我们都喜欢她。she意为“她”，人称代词主格；her意为“她”，人称代词宾格/形容词性物主代词；hers意为“她的”，名词性物主代词；herself意为“她自己”，反身代词。like是动词，后接人称代词宾格作宾语，所以空格处填her。知识点 1 人称代词小试牛刀1. Though the man is not handsome, ______ is very clever. A. its B. it C. she D. he2. Simon was quite sad about the exam. Let’s cheer ______ up. A. she B. him C. you D. itsDB例题 2Nancy, carrots are good for ______ eyes. Eat some, please.A. My B. your C. her D. hisB分析与解答本题考查物主代词。句意：Nancy，胡萝卜对你的眼睛有好处。请吃一些。my意为“我的”；your意为“你的”；her意为“她的”；his意为“他的”。根据空格前的“Nancy，carrots are good for…”可知，这是对Nancy所说的话；再结合空格后的eyes可知，此处应该用形容词性物主代词，即“对你的眼睛有好处”。知识点 2 物主代词小试牛刀1. Their plants don’t grow very well, but ______ look really good. A. we B. our C. ours D. ourselves2. We use chopsticks every day and it is ______ Chinese tradition. A. his B. our C. your D. theirCB例题 3Don’t ask what this country can do for you. Ask ______ what you can dofor this country.A. yourselves B. you C. themselves D. themA分析与解答本题考查反身代词。句意：不要问国家可以为你们做些什么，要问你们自己能给国家做些什么。yourselves意为“你们自己”；you意为“你，你们”；themselves意为“他们自己”；them意为“他们”。此处用ask oneself表示自问；根据“what you can do”可知此处用反身代词yourselves。知识点 3 反身代词小试牛刀1. Nobody teaches Mary English. She teaches ______. A. her B. hers C. herself D. she2. —Take care while walking along the wet hill path. You may fall and hurt ______. —OK. Thanks for reminding me. A. it B. you C. yourself D. yourselvesCC例题 4—Why do you live so far from school?—The cost of renting(租) houses in central Huhhot is higher than ______ in any other area of the city．A. that B. those C. it D. one分析与解答 that 意为“那个”，用于代替前文出现的同类名词，相当于“the +不可数名词/可数名词单数”；those 意为“那些”。代替前文出现的同类名词，相当于“the +可数名词复数”；it 意为“它”，指上文提到的单数可数名词，同名同物；one 则是同名异物，the one 相当于 that。根据题干，可知空格处代替的是名词 cost，此处是不可数名词，用 that 代替。A知识点 4 指示代词小试牛刀1. —Mr Green, how is the weather in Nanning now, please? —Actually, it is cooler than ______ in Changsha. A. it B. that C. this D. those2. After the new high-speed railway line began operations, the time on the trip from Lianyungang to Qingdao now is much less than ______ in the past. A. one B. this C. that D. itBC例题 5—______ father took part in the charity activity in the neighbourhood yesterday?—Peter’s.A. Whose B. What C. Which D. Who分析与解答此题考查疑问代词。结合答语“Peter’s”可推断问句表示“昨天谁的爸爸参加了社区里的慈善活动”，故所缺的词是Whose。A知识点 5 疑问代词小试牛刀1. —______ are you looking for, Madam? I think everyone is here. —I don’t think so. Where’s David? A. Who B. What C. When D. Where2. —______ did you write to last night? —A pen pal. A. Where B. Who C. What D. WhichAB例题 6I tried many ways, but ______ of them worked.A. all B. both C. neither D. none分析与解答此题考查不定代词。句意：我试了很多方法，但都不管用。all意为“三者或三者以上都”；both意为“两者都”；neither意为“两者都不”；none意为“三者或三者以上都不”。分析词意“我试了很多方法”可知，句中but表转折，“所以都不管用”，排除A、B选项。由句中many ways可知，此处应用代词none。D知识点 6 不定代词小试牛刀1. —What do we know about the next Olympic Games? —Very ______. The only news is that they won’t cancel it. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little2. It’s an either-or situation—we can buy a camera this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do ______. A. other B. either C. all D. bothCD例题 7I found ______ difficult for me to finish the work on time.A. that B. it C. this D. one分析与解答 that意为“那个”，it意为“它”，this意为“这个”，one意为“一个”。本题主要考查“find + it +形容词+ to do sth.”的用法，本句中的 it 代替动词不定式 to finish the work on time.作形式宾语。B知识点 7 it 的一般用法小试牛刀1. I found ______ had changed a lot when I went to my home town again. A. there B. it C. he D. this2. —Is this iPad yours? —Yes. I bought ______ for language learning. A. it B. one C. other D. anotherBA知识拓展（1）询问他人职业的句型（以he为例）。（2）注意区别询问外貌或性格的句型。（3）what 指没有选择范围，which 指在具体的范围内进行选择。