专题十八书面表达-2023年初中英语中考复习专项突破

专题十八 书面表达

题型特点

书面表达是中考的必考题型,旨在考查考生的语言运用能力和书面表达能力,它要求考生根据所给的情景或提示,在有限的时间内写一篇80~100词左右的作文,个别省份的词数达到110词,分值为10~25分.体裁以记叙文为主,也有说明文、应用文等.

解题方法和技巧

一、写作步骤及注意事项

1.认真审题,明确要求

(1)通过细读题干的文字叙述部分来确定作文的体裁和中心思想.

(2)通过读中/英文提示部分,或图表内容提示,来确定作文的要点和重点内容.

(3)根据文章要表达的内容,来确定人称和时态的选用.

2.提炼要点,列出提纲

根据题目提示或说明,按事件发生的时间顺序、空间顺序或事理重要性顺序,选取那些典型的、易于表达的材料作为自己写作的重点,列出提纲.

3.依据提纲,串联成文

写作的最终目的是切中要点,行文流畅,语言简洁.为确保写作质量,必须注意以下几点:

(1)尽量用自己最有把握的句型和短语,个别要点表达不出来或难以表达时,可采用变通的办法,化难为易.

(2)长短句结合原则.不要从头到尾都是简单句,可以适当使用定语从句、状语从句等但句子也并非是越长越好,一个短小精辟的句子也可以起到画龙点睛的作用.

(3)短语优先原则.在写作中要恰当地使用介词短语、动词短语等,使文章表达更自然、流畅.

(4)巧妙过渡,结构合理.根据意思的需要,句子之间要加上必要的连词或过渡句,或表示顺序的过渡词等,可以使短文衔接自然、语言连贯、结构紧凑.

(5)写出漂亮的结尾.常见的形式有:画龙点睛式、首尾呼应式、重复主题式.

(6)书写工整,卷面整洁.工整的书写、整洁的卷面会为你的文章增添不少色彩.

4.通读文章,检查改错

写好作文以后,要通读全文,检查语言表达是否流畅、要点是否齐全、内容是否完整、文章结构是否合理、词数是否合适、有无语法错误.

二、写作技巧

1.把握全篇布局

中考情景式作文,无论哪种文体,一般都是用三段法来表示.无论是记叙文、还是议论文或者夹叙夹议文,都可以通用.简单解释如下:

第一段 开篇背景介绍(时间、地点、人物、事件)或发表观点

第二段 故事发展,论据、论点支撑

第三段 结局总结观点,提出建议和希望

2.巧用并列连词

并列连词用于把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来,且各个分句之间存在着一定的逻辑关系.常见连词有and, but, so, both..and.., not only..but also.., cither..or., neither..nor..等

3.巧用三大从句

(1)状语从句.

在复合句中,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的从句叫做状语从句.常见的从句有:时间状语从(while, when, since, before, after, until/hill, as soon as.)、让步状语从句(though/ although, even though/if, whatever, whenever)、条件状语从句(if, unless, as long as)、原因状语从句(because, since)、目的状语从句(so that, in order that)、结果状语从句(so..that., such...that...).

(2)宾语从句.

宾语从句是主从复合句的一种,其从句部分在整个句子中作宾语,从句的语序必须是陈述句,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他”.常见的连接词有:that, if/whether, what, when, where, how, who等.

(3)定语从句.

在定语从句中,从句在整个句子中作定语,修饰先行词.初中阶段需掌握简单的由which, that, who引导的定语从句.先行词为人用who/that 引导;先行词为物用which/that I导.

4.巧用短语和特殊句式

利用不定式短语、介词短语或形容词短语等来增加句子的句式,从而使句子表达更加多样化.利用感叹句、比较级、t作形式主语或形式宾语等特殊句式,可以丰富文章的句式结构,从而避免造成读者的阅读疲劳.

中考作文常见体裁

一、记叙文

记叙文包括时间、地点、人物、事件、发展、结果六要素。记叙文分两类：写人和记事。

典例讲解

例（2021·江苏连云港，第七题，25分）

我市第八届“最美港城人”系列评选活动正在进行，你班决定推荐李华参加其类别之一“最美志愿者”的评选。请你以“The Most Beautiful Volunteer”为题，给校英文报写一篇短文介绍李华，内容包括：

1.品质：礼貌、善良、有耐心；

2.事迹：乐于帮助老师和同学；周末参加各类活动，如去街道打扫卫生；另举两例；

3.你的评价：至少两条。

注意：

1.词数90左右；

2.短文应包括所给内容要点，可适当发挥，使文章连贯；

3.短文中不得出现考生的真实姓名、校名等信息。

The Most Beautiful Volunteer

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写作指导

1.审题

(1)体裁:给出材料的记叙文.

(2)内容:以“最美志愿者”为题,介绍李华的相关事迹.

(3)人称和时态:本文主要采用第三人称,时态为一般现在时.

2.列提纲

开头:第一段引出主题;

正文:第二段介绍他的具体事迹;

结尾:第三段表达推荐李华参加这个评选的意愿.

3.成文

The Most Beautiful Volunteer

Li Hua is a polite boy. He is both kind and patient.

He is a helpful volunteer. At school, he is ready to help teachers and classmates. At weekends, he takes part in lots of activities. He often does some cleaning in the street. Besides, he goes to the library to help carry books. Also, he looks after old people in the nursing home.

We all think Li Hua is such an excellent boy that we should learn from him. We'd like to recommend him for “The Most Beautiful Volunteer”.

二、说明文

说明文是说明事物或人物的一种文体,它的表达方式以说明为主.说明文的时态多为一般现在时,一般分为事物说明文和事理说明文.事物说明文的目的是给读者提供知识,旨在理解客观事物,给出解决问题的方法.

典例讲解

例(2021·山东德州,第六大题,20分)

世界卫生组织和联合国儿童基金会将生活技能(life skills)作为全球青少年儿童发展的重要主题之一.请根据图中提示写一篇英语短文,描述作为青少年,你们应提高哪些及如何提高自己的生活技能.除了提示中的内容,请你至少再补充一条.

要求:

1.语言通顺,要点齐全,意思连贯,条理清楚,书写规范;

2.文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称;

3.80~100词,文章开头和结尾已给出,不计人总词数.

Life skills are necessary for us. What life skills should we teenagers develop? And how? Here is my opinion.

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All in all, if we try our best to improve these life skills, we will lead a happier and healthier life.

写作指导

1.审题

(1)体裁:介绍方法或提建议类说明文.

(2)内容:围绕青少年应提高哪些生活技能.

(3)人称和时态:本文主要采用第一人称,时态为一般现在时.

2.列提纲

开头:第一段引出主题;

正文:第二段到第六段介绍具体做法,描述青少年应提高哪些生活技能,以及如何提高

这些生活技能;

结尾:最后一段发表自己的看法.

3.成文

Life skills are necessary for us. What life skills should we teenagers develop? And how? Here is my opinion.

First, we should try our best to keep healthy. It's a good idea to keep a balanced diet and take daily exercise. And be happy every day.

Second, working with others is important. Sometimes, we need to work as a team. When we communicate with others, try to understand them.

Third, solve problems in different ways. We are able to find out the problem, find solutions alone or with others and then solve it.

Besides, learn to manage time. We can make a list of things to do every morning. Get up early and never be late for school.

Finally, learn some basic skills, such as cooking. We can ask family for help or search the Internet. Then practice making some dishes.

All in all, if we try our best to improve these life skills, we will lead a happier and healthier life.

三、应用文

应用文包括电子邮件回复、日记、演讲稿、道歉信、建议信、求助信、自荐信、留言条、邀请信、通知等形式.

典例讲解

例(2021·湖南怀化,第四部分第四节,15分)

假定你是李华,2022年亚运会将在杭州举行,你想成为一名志愿者,请用英语给组委会写一封信,内容包括:

1.擅长英语,口语很棒;

2.性格外向,乐于助人;

3.爱好运动,了解亚运会等.

要求:

1.文中请勿使用真实人名、校名和地名;

2.包含以上所有信息,可适当发挥;

3.词数:80词左右,文章开头和结尾已给出,但不计入总词数.

参考词汇:be good at/do well in 擅长 spoken English 口语 outgoing外向的

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am Li Hua, a middle school student. I'm glad to know that the Asian Games will be held in Hangzhou in 2022. I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer.

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Yours,

Li Hua

写作指导

1.审题

(1)体裁:应用文－自荐信.

(2)内容:介绍自己.

(3)人称和时态:本文主要采用第一人称,时态为一般现在时.

2.列提纲

开头:第一段表明求职意愿;

正文:第二段介绍自己的优势;

结尾:最后一段表达求职期望.

3.成文

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am Li Hua, a middle school student. I'm glad to know that the Asian Games will be held in Hangzhou in 2022. I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer.

First of all, I am good at English. My spoken English is very good. I can communicate well with foreign friends. I can give them more happiness. Besides, I'm outgoing. I'm always ready to help people. I can help those who need help. What's more, I love sports, and understand the Asian Games.

I promise I'll try to offer my best service during the race. I will be very happy if I can be chosen as a volunteer. I'm looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

四、议论文

议论文是就某个问题或事情进行分析、评论,表明观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体.一般为从正面提出某一见解、主张,或驳斥别人的观点.

典例讲解

例(2021·浙江湖州,第七大题,15分)

假定你是李雷.某英语杂志正在举办征文活动,请根据广告中的信息写一篇短文,用于 投稿.文中不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息;词数:80~100.

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写作指导

1.审题

(1)体裁:议论文.

(2)内容:介绍做运动或吃健康的食物哪个更重要,告诉大家你的想法,以及你如何保持健康.

(3)人称和时态:本文主要采用第一人称,时态可根据具体的语境作出选择.

2.列提纲

开头:第一段对做运动或吃健康的食物作出选择,表明自己的观点;

正文:第二段结合自身经历讲述如何保持健康的;

结尾:最后一段概括总结.

3.成文

People may have different ways to keep healthy, such as doing exercise, eating healthy food, etc. I think eating healthily is more important.

At school, we have sports time every day, so I think we've got enough exercise. However, we usually have lunch hurriedly at school. So eating healthily at home is important for us. Luckily, we can enjoy delicious and healthy food cooked by our parents, which also makes us feel good. As for me, I often make some vegetable salad for breakfast or even cook something I like at weekends.

I think I will eat healthily to stay strong and happy.

专题专练

一、(2021·浙江金华中考)

假如你叫Daming,本周六你们班要去浙江大学开展研学活动(study tour).请根据下列表格中的内容,给外籍教师Mike发一份邮件,告知你们的计划,并邀请他一同前往.

注意:

1.文中必须包含所给的内容要点,可适当发挥;参考词汇供选择使用;

2.文中不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息;

3.词数:80~100;

4.邮件的开头与结尾已给出,不计入总词数.

Dear Mike,

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Yours,

Daming

写作指导

1.审题:本题为电子邮件写作,要注意标准的电子邮件的格式;人称以第一人称为主;时态为一般现在时和一般将来时.

2.要点:(1)研学活动的计划;(2)发出邀请.

二、(2021·四川成都中考)

你校英文校刊就“过度养育”(Overparenting)这一现象开辟专栏,展开讨论.请以 “Overparenting: Yes or No”为题写一篇短文,向该栏目投稿.

要求:

1.简述该现象;

2.陈述图表中不同观点及理由;

3.表述你的观点及两点理由(须与图中不同).

注意:

1.请先在答题卡上填写表中空格;

2.须全面反映图表信息,但不能完全照抄;

3.文中不能出现真实的学校和姓名;

4.词数:100左右.

Overparenting: Yes or No

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写作指导

1.审题:这是一篇议论文,主体人称为第一人称和第三人称,时态以一般现在时为主.

2.要点:(1)人们对过度养育的观点及理由;(2)你对过度养育的观点及理由.

三、(2021·湖南岳阳中考)

根据《中国美好生活大调查》结果,我们的家乡岳阳荣获“中国美好生活城市－十大心仪之城”的称号,是湖南省唯一人选的地级市.家乡,一个你成长的地方,请你根据下面的图表信息,以“My Hometown-Yueyang”为题,写一篇英语短文向别人介绍你的家乡岳阳.

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要求:

1.词数80~100;

2.请根据以上提示信息,结合实际情况叙述,可适当发挥;

3.文稿中不得出现真实的人名、校名;

4.字迹工整,语言流畅,表达正确,逻辑清晰.

My Hometown-Yueyang

Yueyang is one of the top ten favorite cities in China.

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写作指导

1.审题:本文是一篇说明文,人称以第三人称为主,时态为一般现在时.

2.本文内容是介绍自己的家乡,内容应包含位置、面积大小、人口、历史、天气、环境、名胜和美食等方面,可适当发挥.

四、(2021·安徽中考)

假定你是李华,曾用攒下来的零花钱做了一件有意义的事并受到家人表扬.请你用英语写一篇短文向校英文报投稿.内容包括:

1.事情经过;

2.个人感悟.

注意:

1.词数80~100;

2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;

3.文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称;

4.短文题目已给出,不计入总词数.

参考词汇:pocket money(n.零花钱);meaningful(adj.有意义的)

Once I Was Praised

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写作指导

1.审题:本文体裁为记叙文,人称为第一人称,时态以一般过去时为主.

2.要点:本文可分为三段来写,第一段引出话题;第二段介绍事情的经过;第三段描述个人的感悟.