专题四数词-2023年初中英语中考复习专项突破
展开专题四 数词
一对一“梳理”知识点
高效复习法
数词是表示数目多少和顺序先后的词,分为基数词和序数词.中考对数词的考查重点是基数词与序数词的运用及区别.解答此类试题首先应判断用基数词还是序数词,另外还需掌握基数词变序数词的规则及各自的用法.
知识突破
知识点1基数词
一、定义:基数词是表示人或事物数量多少的词.
数字 | 构成 | 示例 |
1-12 | 独立的单词,无规律可循 | one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve |
13-19 | 多数是在基数词后加-teen,但应特别注意13、15和18的拼法 | 13 thirteen,15 fifteen,18 eighteen |
20-90 | 这一区间的整十数均是以-ty结尾,但要注意20、30、40、50、80的拼法 | 20 twenty,30 thirty,40 forty,50 fifty,80 eighty |
21-99 | 这一区间的非整十数由十位数和个位数之间加连字符“-”构成 | 21 twenty-one,35 thirty-five,88 eighty-eight |
101-999 | 由百位数之后加and,再加十位或者个位构成 | 102 one hundred and two, 428 four hundred and twenty-eight |
1000以上 | 从右向左用分节号“,”分节,每三个数字为一个节.倒数第一个分节号前用thousand(千),倒数第二个分节号前用million(百万),倒数第三个分节号前用billion(十亿) | 5,326,000,000 five billion, three hundred and twenty-six million |
二、用法
基本用法 | 示例 | |
从句子成分上分析,基数词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等 | About twenty know the secret. 约二十个人知道这个秘密.(主语) I want two.我想要两个.(宾语) My classmate is ten.我的同班同学十岁了.(表语) We have six subjects this term. 这学期我们有六门课.(定语) | |
表示数量 | Tom has five apples.汤姆有五个苹果. | |
表示编号 | 基数词放在名词后面 | Lesson One=the first lesson 第一课 |
No.+基数词 | Bus No.6 6路公交车 | |
表示时间
| 表示整点用基数词加o'clock, o'clock可省略 | It's two o'clock.现在是两点钟. |
表示几点几分,与汉语顺序相同 | four twenty-five4点25分 | |
如果分钟数小于或等于30,在分钟后加past,再加小时,表示几点过几分 | twenty past five 5:20(五点过二十分钟), half past eight 八点半 | |
如果分钟数大于30,要用to来表示差几分到几点 | five to six 5:55(差五分钟到六点) | |
表示年代、年份的阿拉伯数字后加s | 1830s=the eighteen thirties 19世纪30年代 | |
表示长、宽、高等,用“基数词＋单位词(meter/foot/inch等)＋形容词(long/wide/high等)”结构,或者用“基数词＋单位词＋in+名词(length/width/height/weight等)”结构 | two meters long =two meters in length2米长 four feet high=four feet in height 4 英尺高 | |
表示不确切的岁数时,常用in+ one's+几十的复数形式 | in his forties 在他40多岁时 | |
表示时间、距离时,用含有基数词的单位名词的所有格形式作定语 | five minutes' walk 步行五分钟(的路程) three kilometers' distance 三千米的距离 | |
“基数词＋名词(＋形容词)”复合结构作定语时,其中名词用单数形式,各部分间需用连字符“”来连接 | a fifteen-year-old boy一个15岁的男孩 | |
表示倍数,两倍用twice,三或三以上的倍数用基数词＋times.常用来表示“倍数”的结构有:倍数＋size/weight/height/ depth/width/length/age of...;倍数＋比级＋than...;an...;倍数＋as...as... | My house is three times the size of theirs. 我的房子是他们的三倍大. I am twice older than you.我的年龄是你的两倍. This factory is four times as big as that one.这个工厂是那个工厂的四倍大. | |
“another+基数词＋可数名词”或“基数词＋more+可数名词”,表示在已有的基础上再增加一定的数量 | My father will stay in Shanghai for another two weeks. = My father will stay in Shanghai for two more weeks.我爸爸将在上海再待两周. | |
hundred/thousand/million/billion 前用基数词时,这些词词尾不加“s”,表示确切的数字;表示数量不准确时,这些词词尾加“s”,并与of连用 | two hundred 两百,ten thousand一万, hundreds of数百,thousands of成千上万, millions of 数百万 | |
知识点2序数词
一、定义:序数词是表示事物先后顺序的词,其前常加定冠词the.
数字 | 变化规则 | 示例 |
1-3 | 不规则变化 | first第一,second第二,third第三 |
4-19 | 基数词加-th构成,但其中第五、第八、第九和第十二拼写不规则 | fifth 第五,eighth 第八,ninth 第九,twelfth第十二 |
20-90整十数 | 基数词变y为ie,再加上-th构成 | twentieth 第二十,thirtieth第三十, fortieth 第四十,fiftieth 第五十, sixtieth 第六十,seventieth第七十, eightieth 第八十,ninetieth第九十 |
21-99非整十数 | 个位数上采用序数词形式,十位上的数字均用基数词表示(整百整千只需在hundred, thousand之后加-th) | forty-seventh 第四十七,sixty-fifth 第六十五(one hundredth第一百) |
二、用法
序数词的基本用法:
基本用法 | 示例 |
“the+序数词”表示顺序,但如果序数词前有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等限定词,the要省略 | the first day 第一天 my second book 我的第二本书 |
表示日期 | on October 25th在10月25日 |
表示编号 | the fifth picture=Picture Five 第五幅画 |
a/an+序数词表示“又一,再一” | I will try a second time.我将再试一次. |
知识点3分数和百分数
一、分数和百分数的表达法
1.分数的表达法:分数在英语中通常是借助基数词和序数词来共同表达的.分子用基数词,分母用序数词,若分子大于1,分母要在序数词后面加s.例如:
one third 三分之一 two fifths 五分之二
2.百分数的表达法:百分数是用基数词＋percent表示.例如:
6%→six percent 58%→fifty-eight percent
二、分数和百分数的用法
分数和百分数的用法:分数和百分数后面不能直接接名词或代词作主语,而用“分数／百分数＋of+限定词＋名词”的形式,作主语时,谓＋of+限语动词的单复数要与of后面的名词保持一致.例如:
Two thirds of the students are boys.三分之二的学生是男生.
Twenty percent of the water was spilled.百分之二十的水被洒了.
核心考点,各个击破
考点1基数词
例1(2020·四川内江,22题,0.5分)
Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful. _________ visitors come here on weekends.
A. Hundred | B. Hundreds | C. Hundred of | D. Hundreds of |
【解析】本题考查基数词的用法.句意:我们的家乡越来越美丽,周末会有数百名游客来到这里.根据提示词“百”可知,英文表达是hundred,与of连用时,变为复数形式,hundreds of“数百······”,是固定搭配.答案:D
针对性练习1
1.In February 2018, there are only_________ days.
A. twenty eight | B. twenty eighth | C. twenty-eight | D. twenty-eighth |
2. -Which class won the match in the end?
-I'm not quite sure. Perhaps_________ did.
A. Class Third | B. Third Class | C. Class Three | D. Three Class |
3.There are_________ people in the supermarket. It's so crowded.
A. hundred | B. hundreds | C. hundred of | D. hundreds of |
考点2序数词
例2(2022·贵州铜仁,28题,1分)
-I have been to Mount Fanjing three times. What about you?
-I have been there three times, too. And I would like to visit it a_________ time.
A. three | B. third | C. four | D. fourth |
【解析】本题考查序数词的用法.句意:-我去过梵净山三次.你呢?-我也去过那里三次.我想再去看一次.three三,基数词;third第三,序数词;four四,基数词;序数词＋fourth第四,序数词.“a+序数词＋time”表示第几次;根据句意“已经去过三次,想去第四次”可知,应用序数词fourth.答案:D
针对性练习2
1.-Where does your English teacher live?
-He lives on_________ floor of that red building.
A. five | B. fifth | C. the fifth | D. the five |
2.This is my_________ time to play the piano at our school.
A. second | B. two | C. seconds | D. the two |
3.There are_________ months in a year and December is the_________ month of the year.
A. twelve; twelve | B. twelve; twelfth | C. twelfth; twelve | D. twelfth; twelfth |
考点3分数和百分数
例3(2021·黑龙江龙东,9题,1分)
_________ of the land is covered with forests.
A. Three quarter | B. Three quarters | C. Third quarters |
|
【解析】本题考查分数表达.句意:四分之三的陆地被森林覆盖.“四分之三”的英语表达方式为:three fourths 或 three quarters.答案:B
例4(2021·四川凉山,30题,1分)
There are 50 students in Class 1; They went to different places on Children's Day (each student only went to one place). According to the chart, _________ students went to Qionghai Wetland Park.
Lushan Mountain | Luoji Mountain | Qionghai Wetland Park | The Moon Lake Park |
30% | 40% | ? | 10% |
A. fifteen B. twenty C. five D. ten
【解析】本题考查百分数的计算.句意:一班有50个学生,他们在儿童节去了不同的地方(每个学生只去了一个地方).根据图表,有十名学生去了邛海湿地公园.图表信息分析如下:庐山是30%,15人;螺髻山是40%,20人;月亮湖公园是10%,5人.根据表格,还有20%的学生去了邛海湿地公园,20%x50=10(人).答案:D
针对性练习3
1.In our class, _________ of the students are girls.
A. third fourth | B. one third | C. four fifth | D. two third |
2.Nearly_________ of the earth_________ covered by sea.
A. three fourth; is | B. three fourths; is | C. three fourth; are | D. three fourths; are |
3.-We have sixty students in our class. _________ of them are boys. Do you know how many girls are there?
-There are twenty girls.
A. One third | B. Two thirds | C. One quarter | D.A half |
答案:
针对性练习1:1.C 2.C 3.D
针对性练习2:1.C 2.A 3.B
针对性练习3:1.B 2.B 3.B
从模拟演练到实战操作
模拟演练
1.(2021·江苏盐城一模) _________ visitors came to take photos of the flowers during the vacation.
A. Five thousands | B. Five thousand of | C. Thousand of | D. Thousands of |
2.(2021·辽宁丹东一模)Teachers' Day is on_________ day of September.
A. tenth | B. ten | C. the tenth | D. the ten |
3.(2021·黑龙江大庆一模)-Mom, _________ of my classmates_________ glasses.
-Oh, my God. You need to protect your eyes well.
A. three fourths; wears | B. three fourth; wear | C. three fourth; wears | D. three fourths; wear |
4.(2021·湖北黄石模拟)There are about_________ students in our grade.
A. five hundred | B. five hundreds | C. five hundreds of | D. hundreds of |
5.(2021·甘肃平凉三模)My grandparents live in an old apartment with_________ floors and they live on the_________ floor.
A. five; five | B. five; fifth | C. fifth; fifth | D. fifth; five |
6.(2021·山东滨州模拟)The old man keeps_________ cows(奶牛)on his farm.
A. hundred | B. hundred of | C. hundreds | D. hundreds of |
7.(2021·上海闵行区二模)The popular hotpot restaurant is on the_________ (four) floor of the mall.
8.(2021·浙江杭州一模)Eric is eleven years old now and he'll have his t_________ birthday next Monday.
9.(2021·西藏日喀则二模)This is our_________ (two)chance. Come on.
10.(2021·江苏盐城一模)To our joy, she is in her_________ (ninety).
11.(2021·吉林长春二模)This is Mary's_________ (two) visit to Changchun. It's really changed a lot.
12.(2021·浙江杭州一模)September is the n_________ month of a year.
答案:
1.D 2.C
3.D【解析】本题考查分数的用法及主谓一致.分数分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母用复数形式,three fourths四分之三;根据“classmates”可知谓语动词用复数形式.
4.A【解析】本题考查基数词的用法.hundred与具体数字连用时,其后不能加s,排除B、C选项;hundreds of表示概数,不能与about搭配使用.
5.B 6.D
7.fourth 8.welfth 9.second
10.nineties【解析】本题考查在某人几十多岁时的表达方式.句意:令我们高兴的是,她已经九十多岁了.“in one's+整十的基数词复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”,此处用ninety的复数nineties.
11.second 12.inth
真题演练
1.(2021·广西梧州)This Saturday is my_________ birthday.
A. fourteen | B. fourteenth | C. forty | D. the fortieth |
2.(2022·辽宁朝阳)-It is Mom's_________ birthday next Wednesday. What should we do?
-What about buying her_________ flowers to show our love?
A. forty; forty | B. forty; fortieth | C. fortieth; forty | D. fortieth; fortieth |
3.(2021·辽宁营口)He got_________ birthday cakes on his_________ birthday.
A. second; fifteen | B. two; fifteen | C. second; fifteenth | D. two; fifteenth |
4.(2020·湖北黄石)There are about eight hundred students in the school. _________ of them are boys.
A. Three fifth | B. Third fifth | C. Third five | D. Three fifths |
5.(2020·山东东营)We asked 200 students in our school about whether they wanted a younger brother or sister. Here are the results. It shows that_________ percent of them don't want to have one. This is a big problem.
A.10 | B.40 | C.50 | D.80 |
6.(2020·湖北荆州)-What did the teacher say?
-He told us to go over_________ lessons.
A. three first | B. first three | C. the three first | D. the first three |
7.(2021·河北)This is the_________ (eight) time we beat them.
8.(2021·山东临沂)Our classroom used to be on the_________ (four)floor of that building.
答案:
1.B【解析】本题考查序数词的用法.句意:这个周六是我的第十四个生日.根据句意推知应用序数词,当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时,其前不再用定冠词修饰.
2.C【解析】本题考查基数词和序数词的用法.句意:－下周三是妈妈四十岁生日.我们该怎么办?－给她买四十朵花来表达我们的爱怎么样?第一空是指生日,应用序数词;第二空是表示40朵花,应用基数词.
3.D【解析】本题考查基数词和序数词的用法.句意:他15岁生日时得到了两个生日蛋糕.second第二,序数词;two二,基数词;fifteen十五,基数词;fifteenth第十五,序数词.根据句意,第一空表示数量,应用基数词,排除A、C项;第二空表示顺序,应用序数词,排除B项.
4.D【解析】本题考查分数表达.句意:这所学校大约有800名学生,其中五分之三是男孩.英语中分数分子为基数词,分母为序数词.若分子大于一,则分母用其复数形式.故五分之三应表示为three fifths.
5.B【解析】本题考查百分数的计算.句意:我们询问了学校200个学生是否想要弟弟或妹妹,以下图表是结果.结果显示,40%的人不想要,这是个大问题.结合图表可知,80个人不想要,20个人不介意,100个人想要.80÷200=40%..由此可知,有40%的人不想要弟弟或妹妹.
6.D【解析】本题考查序数词的用法.句意:－老师说了什么?－他让我们复习前三节课.“定冠词the+序数词first”表顺序,即“起初的,最先的”,修饰名词 three lessons,即the first three lessons 前三节课.
7.eighth 8.fourth
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