高中英语高考语法复习形容词与副词的比较结构

高考英语形容词与副词的比较结构一、形容词、副词比较等级的构成01 规则变化 [注]①有少数几个词有两种比较级和最高级形式。clever-cleverer/more clever-cleverest/most cleverestcommon-commoner/more common-commonest/most commonsimple-simpler/more simple-simplest/most simple②有些形容词没有程度可分或本身就表示某种极限程度，故没有比较级和最高级。如：right/correct（正确的），wrong/false（错误的），final（最后的），impossible（不可能的），wooden（木制的），empty（空的），excellent（优秀的），unique（独一无二的），perfect（完美的），complete（完全的），absolute（绝对的）等。02 不规则变化[注]①older/oldest与elder/eldestolder/oldest既可用于指年龄、新旧上“更老的；更旧的/最老的；最旧的”，也可用于指血缘上“年纪较长的/最年长的”，elder/eldest则只用于指人“年纪较长的/最年长的”，且不用于比较句型，通常置于名词前作定语，不作表语。“elder”还可以作名词表示“长者”。This is the oldest temple in Taiwan.（这是台湾最老的寺庙。）My eldest aunt is three years older than my mother.（最大的姨妈比我妈妈大三岁。）This is my elder brother and those are all our elders.（这是我哥哥，那些都是我们的长辈。）②farther/farthest与further/furthest表示距离时，四个词都可用，“further”还可以表示“更进一步；(意义)更深远；更多；此外”等。“further”作动词表示“促进；推进”。I can throw much farther/further than you.（我可以比你扔得更远。）I have nothing further to say.（我没有更多的要讲了。）We’ll further discuss it.（我们会进一步讨论它。）Her support furthered my career.（她的支持促进了我的事业。）二、形容词、副词比较等级的用法01 原级比较（1）as+原级+as表示“和……一样”，否定形式为：not as/so+原级+as表示“和……不一样/不如……”。English is as interesting as Chinese.（英语和汉语一样有趣。）Run as fast as you can.（你尽量快跑。）The book isn't as new as that one.（这本书不如那本书新。）She didn’t sing so well that night as she usually does.（她那晚唱歌唱得不如平时好。）（2）有时该结构可以被almost，just，nothing like（绝不），exactly，not quite，twice（两倍），30 percent等修饰，注意这些修饰词必须置于第一个as之前，而不能置于其后。The dining-room is twice as big as the kitchen.（餐厅是厨房的两倍大。）You’re nothing like as critical as you used to be.（你一点也不像过去那么挑剔。）（3）not so much...as...表示“与其……不如……”。Success lies not so much in luck as in hard work.（与其说成功在于运气，不如说在于努力。）（4）原级比较结构中的形容词有时还可修饰另一名词，但这个名词应带有不定冠词，形式为as+形容词原级+a/an +名词单数形式。She is as good a cook as her mother.=She is a cook as good as her mother.（她和她妈妈一样是一位好厨师。）（5）表示数量和程度，用as+many+名词复数形式+as；as+much+不可数名词+as。There are not as many books as there were.（现在书没有过去多了。）I don't have as much money as Mike.（我没迈克有钱。）（6）带有as...as结构的常见短语。①as/so long as 只要As long as you don’t lose heart, you will succeed.（你只要不灰心就会成功。）②as soon as 一……就……I unpacked my bags as soon as I arrived.（我一到达就打开行李袋，把东西取出来。）③as good as 与……几乎一样，简直是I was as good as dead.（我简直跟死了一样。）④as well (as) 也，还Are they coming as well?（他们也来吗？）They sell books as well as newspapers.（他们既卖报又卖书。）⑤as far as 远到……程度，就……而言As far as I concerned, you can do what you like.（就我而言，你想干什么就可以干什么。）As far as I can see, you’ve done nothing wrong.（依我看，你没做错任何事。）02 比较级的基本用法（1）比较级+than表示“比……更……”。The lion is stronger than the antelope.（狮子比羚羊强壮。）We need to do better than others.（我们需要比别人做得更好。）（2）less+多音节词原级+than表示“不如”。This coat is less expensive than that one.（这件衣服比那件便宜点。）（3）the+比较级+of the two（+名词）表示“两者中更……的那一个”。It is the longer of the two streets.（这是两条街道中比较长的那一条。）（4）含有or的选择疑问句，两者的范围中，要用比较级。Which language is more difficult, Chinese or English? （哪一种语言更难，中文还是英语？）（5）“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more+原级”表示“越来越……”。Winter comes and the weather gets colder and colder.（冬天到了，天变得越冷越冷。）Our school is more and more beautiful.（我们的学校越来越美丽了。)（6）“the+比较级...，the+比较级”表示“越……，就越……”。The harder you work, the more you will get.（你工作越努力，你得到的就会越多。）（7）“no+比较级+than”结构，通常表示对比较的两个对象同时进行否定，表示“与…一样不”。如no better than=as bad as 与…一样不好（即一样坏）；no earlier than=as late as 与…一样不早（即一样迟）；no more than表示“仅仅。只不过”。You are no more careful than he is.（你和他一样不仔细。）A half truth is often no better than a lie.（半真半假的话常常跟谎言一样糟。）This test takes no more than thirty minutes.（这个测验需时不超过30分钟。）The pub was no more than half full.（该酒吧的上座率最多不超过五成。）（8）形容词和副词比较级前可用表示程度的副词修饰，如a little，a bit，a great deal，a lot，much，even，still，far，rather等。例如：very，quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。The students study even harder than before.（学生们学习比以前更努力了。）There are far more opportunities for young people than there used to be.（现在年轻人的机会比过去多得多。）（9）相关短语：①more or less 几乎，差不多，大约，或多或少The work is more or less finished.（工作基本上完成了。）It’s an hour’s journey, more or less.（大约有一个钟头的路程。）②sooner or later 迟早，早晚，总有一天You should tell her, because she’ll find out sooner or later.（你应该告诉她，因为她迟早会发觉。）③what's more 此外，还有，更有甚者She says we could use her car, and what's more, she’ll pay for the petrol.（她说我们可以用她的车，而且她还愿付汽油费。）03 最高级的基本用法（1）the+最高级（+名词）+表示范围的短语或从句。Jack is the tallest boy in our class.（杰克是我们班上最高的男生。）Linda draws (the) best in her class.（琳达班上她画得最好。）（2）“one of the+最高级+名词复数”表示“最……之一”。China is one of the oldest countries in the world.（中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。） （3）形容词/副词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最……”。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.（黄河是中国第二长河。）（4）表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，要用最高级。Which subject do you learn best, geography, physics or Chinese?（你哪一个学科学得最好，地理，物理还是语文？）（5）比较级表示最高级含义：①比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数She is taller than any other girl in her class.（她是他们班个子最高的女生。）②比较级+than+any of the other+可数名词复数She is taller than any of the other girls in her class.（她是他们班个子最高的女生。）③比较级+than+all (the) other+可数名词复数This bag is more expensive than all other bags in the shop.（这个包是这家店里最贵的。）④比较级+than+anything else/anyone elseLife is more valuable than anything else.（生命是最宝贵的东西。）⑤比较级与否定词连用I have never heard a better voice than yours.（你的嗓音是我听过的最好的嗓音。）(6）by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like等可用于修饰最高级。The last of these reasons is by far the most important.（这些理由中最后一条比其他重要得多。）（7）最高级前无须加the的情况：①副词最高级作状语时，the通常可省略。He runs (the) fastest in his class.（他在他们班是跑得最快的。）②最高级前有序数词、物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等限定词修饰时，无须加the。My oldest daughter is 16 years old.（我最大的女儿十六岁。）Hainan is China’s second largest island.（海南是中国第二大岛。）③多个形容词最高级共同修饰同一名词时，第二个形容词最高级前不加the。He is the youngest and tallest boy in his class.（他是他班里最小也是最高的男孩。）④作宾语补足语的形容词最高级前不加the。I found it most difficult to get to sleep.（我发现入睡是最难的。）⑤最高级用于加强语气，表“非常”时，前面不加the。但形容词最高级作单数名词的定语时，可用不定冠词a/an。That book is most interesting.（那本书非常有趣。）The girl looks prettiest in white.（这个女孩穿白衣服最好看。）She is the candidate most likely to be elected.（她是最有可能入选的候选人。）Spring is a best season.（春天是个非常好的季节。）⑥形容词最高级在句中作表语而比较范围又不明确时,最高级前不the。They are happiest on Saturdays.（他们在星期六最快乐。）⑦在一些固定用法中。With best wishes for you.（向你致以最美好的祝愿。）It's best to come to China at this time of year.（这是来中国最好的时节。）