江西省临川第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期末考试英语试卷含解析

这是一份江西省临川第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期末考试英语试卷含解析，共29页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7，”符合等内容，欢迎下载使用。
 江西省临川一中2022—2023学年度上学期期末考试
高三英语试
第I卷选择题(共100分)
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How will the woman help the man?
A. By helping him paint. B. By handing in a painting. C. By filling in a form.
2. What is the woman doing?
A. Asking the way. B. Giving directions. C. Having a haircut.
3. What does Todd have to do alone?
A. Pick up the clients. B. Give a presentation. C. Go on a business trip.
4. What does the man mean?
A. He gave Jane a ride.
B. He took a bus home yesterday.
C. He didn`t see Jane on the way home.
5. What are the speakers talking about?
A. Some songs. B. A car race. C. A video game.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How many languages can the man speak fluently now?
A. Two. B. Four. C. Six.
7. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates.
B. Waiter and customer.
C. Interviewer and interviewee.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. When will Sally celebrate her birthday?
A. This Friday. B. Next Monday. C. Next Friday.
9. Who will most likely help the woman?
A. Helen. B. Sara. C. Carmen.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What is the book about?
A. Traveling rules. B. Foreign languages. C. Tourist attractions.
11. Where is the man going after his business trip?
A. To Saudi Arabia. B. To Italy. C. To France.
12. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A. Give her some suggestions.
B. Buy her a souvenir.
C. Make a plan for her.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Why did Carla change the way she worked?
A. She didn`t enjoy the work she did.
B She spent little time at home.
C. She had health problems.
14. What is the reason that Carla runs her own business?
A. To have a flexible schedule. B. To take more holidays. C. To earn more money.
15. What has Carla changed about exercise?
A. The amount. B. The time. C. The form.
16. Which time-saving idea does Carla find efficient?
A. Checking emails on the way to work.
B. Having a lot of similar clothes.
C. Making to-do lists.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Who might Mary Locke be?
A. A news reporter. B. A plane designer. C. A fire ranger.
18. Where do the pilots pick up water?
A. From a river. B. From a lake. C. From the Fire Center.
19. How does the speaker describe the pilot`s job?
A. Dangerous. B. Exciting. C. Extraordinary.
20. What can we learn from the talk?
A. The plane`s tanks hold no more than 5,000 liters of water.
B. The fire rangers should keep the plane away from the fire.
C. The crew has to drop water 20 times to put out the fire.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Having taken the guidance from the Center for Disease Control, the Sanctuary has been sad to make a decision to cancel the Winter 2022 Internship(实习生)position. However, our professionals have still performed their duties for animals as usual. Based on this situation, we are hopeful to provide our Spring Internship position, which depends on what will happen in the next few weeks regarding the public health. Above all, our highest priority is given to the health and safety of the staff.
Anyway, you can still make preparations in advance. Please find more details as follows.
The Sanctuary`s 12-week Internship Program is looking for those who hope to engage in careers concerning elephant care. Interns work closely with Caregivers as well as Education Staff for a multi-departmental learning experience.
Still hesitate? Join us as soon as possible.
Spring 2023 Program Dates: February 6 — April 23, 2023
Application Deadline: January 15, 2023
We will follow up with applicants by the end of January.
Responsibilities:
• Help elephant Care Workers in day-to-day activities
• Help with animal training projects
• Follow all safety instructions and procedures
• Work in an energetic team environment
Tip:
This is not meant to be a full list of responsibilities and that the requirements of the internship are subject to change as required.
Eligibility Requirements:
• At least 18 years of age
• SAT of 1300 or higher
• Be willing to commit to a 12-week term(5 days per week, 40 hours per week)
• Must be able to lift 50 lbs minimum
• All applicants subject to a background check and drug screen
1. What does the Sanctuary put first in the passage?
A. The profits of the project. B. The health of the workers.
C. The welfare of elephants. D. The duties of the staff.
2. When can an applicant submit the application?
A. On January 9. B. On February 5.
C. On March 16. D. On April 23.
3. According to the passage, who may probably get hired as an intern?
A. Marlon, who is 19, can lift 39 lbs at most.
B. Brian, who is 22, often takes drugs.
C. Adam, who is 23, gets 1500 in SAT.
D. John, who is 17, can lift 55 lbs.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。是一则招聘那些希望从事大象护理职业的人的广告。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Above all, our highest priority is given to the health and safety of the staff.(最重要的是，我们最优先考虑的是员工的健康和安全)”可知，Sanctuary在这段话里把工人的健康放在第一位。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Application Deadline中的内容“January 15, 2023(2023年1月15日)”可知，申请日期在1月15日截止，结合选项，A项“On January 9(1月9日).”符合。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Eligibility Requirements下的内容“At least 18 years of age(年龄至少18岁)；SAT of 1300 or higher(SAT 1300或更高)；Must be able to lift 50 lbs minimum(必须能够举起至少50磅的重物)；All applicants subject to a background check and drug screen(所有申请人都要接受背景调查和药物筛查)”和选项做对比，可知C项“Adam, who is 23, gets 1500 in SAT.(23岁的亚当SAT考了1500分)”符合要求，最可能被录用为实习生。故选C项。
B
Standing in line to receive a college diploma at my graduation ceremony five years ago, knowing that I was in the midst of one of the most important moments of my life, I was overwhelmed to tears. As I cast my cap into a sea of mortarboards(学位帽), I felt reassured that I had done everything right. As time passed, though, I began to worry that there was something missing from those four years.
While I was poring over(钻研；仔细阅读)notes, attending chapter meetings, and passing time in the newsroom of the college paper, my peers took semesters off to study in Barcelona, Paris, and Prague. Acutely focused on climbing the academic ladder, I witnessed other students who had participated in study abroad programs coming back to the states with a newfound thirst for different cultures and languages. Somehow I failed to see the value in all of it back then.
After graduating, fellow young professionals who I met through work continued to rave about(醉心于)their time abroad even into their mid-to-late 20s. I’m 27 years old now, and I left the country for the first time two years ago. The urge to explore hit me so hard that I quit my full-time job and spent the next 22 months traveling through three continents. I realized then how being immersed in different cultures is not just a fun experience, but it`s an essential step in better understanding the world.
An eight-month stint in the mountains of New Zealand, for instance, opened my eyes to the tangible(可感知的)effects of climate change and my personal role in preventing it. A later journey through some of the most impoverished communities in Asia taught me the true value of money and what it`s like to live without it.
I walked away from my travel experience with a much better knowledge of the world, one that will never be fully comprehensive but that could be deeper if I had started earlier. Today, I urge everyone who crosses my path to travel if they get the chance, and to do it as soon as possible, because experiencing other parts of the world is not just fun, but it’s a crucial part of education that simply cannot be learned through textbooks, lectures, or cramming for exams.
4. Which of the following words can best describe the author as a student?
A. Self-disciplined and generous. B. Hard-working and devoted.
C. Modest and ambitious. D. Caring and learned.
5. In which aspect does the author benefit from exploring three continents?
A. Seeing the world in a whole new light.
B. Having a good grasp of several languages.
C. Gaining a wealth of historical knowledge.
D. Developing a sense of cultural identity.
6. What does the underlined word “impoverished” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. terrible B. dirty C. poor D. successful
7. What is the author`s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To remind readers to reflect on their life.
B. To call on readers to travel abroad.
C. To share some ways to better understand the world.
D. To show readers the importance of getting ahead in college.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了学生时代的作者，原本热衷于埋头钻研学问。但偶然出国的一次经历，让作者明白：比起书本知识，环球旅行是了解这个世界更重要的方式。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“While I was poring over(钻研；仔细阅读)notes, attending chapter meetings, and passing time in the newsroom of the college paper, my peers took semesters off to study in Barcelona, Paris, and Prague. Acutely focused on climbing the academic ladder, (当我在钻研笔记，参加分会会议，或在校报的编辑部消磨时间的时候，我的同龄人却休学去了巴塞罗那、巴黎和布拉格。我一门心思都放在攀登学术高峰上)”可知，学生时代的作者，勤奋且对学习充满热情，故选B项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“I realized then how being immersed in different cultures is not just a fun experience, but it`s an essential step in better understanding the world. (我意识到沉浸在不同的文化中不仅是一种有趣的经历，而且是更好地了解世界的必要步骤)”可知，作者的足迹踏遍三个大洲，也因此以更全面的新的视角看待世界，故选A项。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段“…communities in Asia taught me the true value of money and what it`s like to live without it. (……亚洲的一些社区让我明白的金钱真正的含义，以及生活没有钱会是什么样子)”可知，作者近距离到亚洲穷人居住的社区，真正懂得了金钱财富对于生活的意义，故划线词与“贫穷的；穷苦的”意思相近，故选C项。
【7题详解】
目的意图题。根据最后一段“Today, I urge everyone who crosses my path to travel if they get the chance, and to do it as soon as possible, (今天，我鼓励每一个相遇的人，如果有机会，就去旅行，而且越快越好)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的在于鼓励读者有机会出国游历，丰富自己对这个世界的认识，故选B项。
C
After you finish your fries, eat the ketchup packet. When you add your pasta to boiling water, toss the bag into the pot, too. If these instructions sound confusing to you, it’s only because you haven`t yet heard of Notpla, a London-based startup company that is designing a seaweed-based replacement for single-use plastic packaging.
Notpla`s products are meant to be dissolved after use. Current offerings include packet for condiments(调味料), water and even alcohol; a film wrap for products in your bathroom, like toilet paper; and takeaway boxes that replace plastic-based coating with seaweed lining to make them fully biodegradable.
Notpla design director Karlijn Sibbel says they look to nature as inspiration “for the ideal packaging,” like the skin on a fruit. The approach feels especially relevant as the world is coming to terms with the effects of decades of unlimited plastic production. According to the UN, 331 million tons of plastic waste are produced globally each year, and about 60% has been discarded(丢弃)outdoors. Microplastics pollute the ocean, the air and our bodies.
Notpl’s founders initially looked to seaweed as the solution to the world’s plastic problem because it is abundant, grows quickly, doesn’t compete with land crops, and sequesters(隔离)carbon from the air, Sibbel explained. There are also many different seaweed species, and it can be harvested or farmed. “Seaweed doesn`t use land; it doesn`t use pesticides,” Sibbel said. “It can grow into the ocean, where it actually has a lot of positive benefits so it can create new ecosystems for other organisms to thrive in.”
“Our team hopes seaweed could replace single-use plastic in the supply chain broadly,” Sibbel said. But with the volume of plastics used around the world, she understands the enormity(巨大)of such a task. “I don’t think one material or one solution is going to solve everything, but we think that seaweed really ticks the right boxes.” she said.
8. What function is expected of the seaweed-based replacement?
A. To serve as containers. B. To replace alcohol.
C. To accelerate plastic breakdown. D. To benefit other organisms.
9. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?
A. Introduce a new topic for discussion.
B. Summarize the previous paragraphs.
C. Provide some advice for the readers.
D. Add some background information.
10. Which is NOT the reason for the company`s founders turning to seaweed?
A. It multiplies rapidly. B. It can be planted.
C. It is pesticide-free. D. It can purify carbon.
11. Which word best describes Karlijn Sibbel`s attitude to the future use of seaweed?
A. Doubtful. B. Ambiguous. C. Positive. D. Worried.
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一家名为Notpla的外国公司试图以海藻代替目前普遍使用的塑料包装品的重要努力。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“If these instructions sound confusing to you, it’s only because you haven`t yet heard of Notpla, a London-based startup company that is designing a seaweed-based replacement for single-use plastic packaging. (如果这些说明听起来让你感到困惑，那只是因为你还没有听说过Notpla。这家总部位于伦敦的初创公司正在设计一种用海藻代替一次性塑料包装)”可知，海藻有望代替一次性塑料包装，实现绿色环保，故选A项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Notpla`s products are meant to be dissolved after use. (Notpla的产品在使用后是可以溶解的)”和第三段“Notpla design director Karlijn Sibbel says they look to nature as inspiration “for the ideal packaging,” like the skin on a fruit. The approach feels especially relevant as the world is coming to terms with the effects of decades of unlimited plastic production. (Notpla的设计总监Karlijn Sibbel说，他们是从大自然中寻求灵感，来设计“理想的包装”，就像水果的外皮一样。几十年以来，世界面临着日益严峻的毫无节制的塑料垃圾问题，因此这种方法尤其重要)”可知，第三段主要介绍了与“海藻包装”相关的背景信息，即日益严峻的塑料垃圾问题呼吁人类尽快制作出更加绿色环保的包装品，故选D项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Notpl’s founders initially looked to seaweed as the solution to the world’s plastic problem because it is abundant, grows quickly, doesn’t compete with land crops, and sequesters(隔离)carbon from the air, Sibbel explained. There are also many different seaweed species, and it can be harvested or farmed. “Seaweed doesn`t use land; it doesn`t use pesticides,” Sibbel said. (Sibbel解释说，Notpl的创始人最初将海藻视为世界塑料问题的解决方案，因为海藻数量丰富，生长迅速，不与地生作物争夺资源，并且可以从空气中隔离碳。还有许多不同种类的海藻，可以收获或养殖。“海藻不需要土地；它不使用杀虫剂，” Sibbel说)”可知，Notpl的创始人最初将海藻视为世界塑料问题的解决方案，因为海藻可以人工种植，无需使用杀虫剂，而且生长速度快。海藻可分离空气中的碳，而非净化它，故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““I don’t think one material or one solution is going to solve everything, but we think that seaweed really ticks the right boxes.” she said. (“我认为一种材料或一种解决方案并不能解决所有问题，但我们相信海藻确实是正确的选择。”她说)”可知，Sibbel总体认为解决塑料包装污染环境的问题是一件任重道远的任务，“海藻包装品”至少为此提供了正确的思路，因此具有积极意义，故选C项。
D
I met the last speaker of Naati on an empty beach on Malekula, an island in Vanuatu. I told the man, Ariep, that I was in the country to study one of its native languages. When he learned I was a linguist(语言学家), he excitedly shared that he speaks Naati.
Ariep explained the relationship between Naati and the other languages of the area. With a mix of pride and sorrow, he revealed that he is the last fluent speaker of Naati. Although a few of his family members have some knowledge of the language and make an effort to use it together, he fears that with his death, Naati will soon disappear. Naati`s situation is not unique. Of the about 7000 languages spoken on the planet today, 50% to 90% are considered vulnerable(脆弱的)to extinction by the end of the century.
Languages are an invaluable source of culture. Understanding different languages is vital to understanding human cognition(认知). A world with diverse languages benefits us all. Each language is a piece of the puzzle that we need in order to determine how language works in the mind. With each missing piece, we are further from seeing the full picture.
There are enough commonalities among language systems. In terms of sentence structure, all languages use the three basic elements: subject, object, and verb. Although these can be ordered in different ways, about 80% of known languages put the subject first, while only about 1% put the object first. Analyzing these patterns has real impacts for our lives. The more we understand about how language functions, the better equipped we are to improve our therapies for communication disorders.
However, taking into account all languages is a huge challenge. Many languages are in danger of disappearing before they have been documented, taking with them irreplaceable information about human culture. For the sake of the speakers of endangered languages, for the sake of us all, we must preserve the world`s languages as we search for answers and work to ensure language diversity for generations to come.
12. What do we know about Ariep?
A. He is desperate to leave Malekula.
B. He is good at speaking many foreign languages.
C. He is devoted to studying endangered languages.
D. He is concerned about the disappearance of Naati.
13. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The influence of human cognition on languages.
B. Means to break down language barriers.
C. Reasons for the extinction of languages.
D. The significance of language diversity.
14. Why does the author mention sentence structure in paragraph 4?
A. To prove the link among different languages.
B. To analyze the methods of language teaching.
C. To show the difficulty of learning grammar.
D. To present the functions of language systems.
15. What is the best title of the text?
A. How Can We Protect Endangered Languages?
B. What Makes Naati Unique in Human Language?
C. Why Are Languages Worth Preserving?
D. How Do Native Languages Develop?
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以即将消亡的纳提语的现象展开，阐述了语言多样性存在的重要意义，并呼吁全人类全力保护它们。
12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Although a few of his family members have some knowledge of the language and make an effort to use it together, he fears that with his death, Naati will soon disappear. (尽管他的一些家庭成员对这门语言有所了解，并努力一起使用这门语言，但他担心随着他的死亡，纳提语很快就会消失)”可知，Ariep担忧随着他的离世，纳提语也被带入坟墓，彻底消亡，故选D项。
【13题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Languages are an invaluable source of culture. Understanding different languages is vital to understanding human cognition. (语言是文化的宝贵源泉。理解不同的语言对于研究人类认知至关重要的)”可知，语言多样性对研究了解人类认知和语言在人脑中的工作机制有着非常重要的意义，故选D项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“There are enough commonalities among language systems. In terms of sentence structure, all languages use the three basic elements: subject, object, and verb. (语言系统之间有足够多的共同点。就句子结构而言，所有语言都使用三个基本要素:主语、宾语和动词)”可知，作者提到句子结构的话题，是为了证明不同语言体系之间也存在着相同点，故选A项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“The more we understand about how language functions, the better equipped we are to improve our therapies for communication disorders. (我们对语言的功能了解得越多，我们就越有能力改进对交流障碍的治疗方法)”和最后一段“For the sake of the speakers of endangered languages, for the sake of us all, we must preserve the world`s languages as we search for answers and work to ensure language diversity for generations to come. (为了濒危语言的使用者，为了我们所有人，我们必须保护世界上的语言，同时寻找答案，努力确保后代的语言多样性)”可知，这篇文章主要解释说明为何我们要不遗余力地拯救即将消亡的语言，故选C项。
第二节(共5小题:每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s important to plan ahead, but you have to live with the fact that you just can’t plan for everything. Life takes unexpected twists and turns(曲折)and throws surprises your way. ___16___. Luckily, here are some advice on how to get through.
Reflect.
___17___. Reflect both on what’s hard and on what’s still good. Maybe that’s in a diary or through a conversation with a friend. It doesn’t matter how you reflect, just that you find time to pause in a crisis.
___18___.
There’s no right way to get through a difficult time. Some people get super productive. Others, not so much. Thus, it’s important to let go of the pressure of others’ expectations and ignore messages like what you should do.
Find your thing for the day.
Once you’ve stopped focusing on what you should do, take time to recharge by doing good, meaningful, even productive things. Maybe for you it’s baking a pie or organizing a closet.___19___.
Don’t try to make sense of things too soon.
It can be tempting to rush through an uncertain situation and try to make it seem certain—to leap ahead to what might be next or try to find reasons for things. ___20___. Things are just hard. So don’t try to make sense of things too soon. That leaves room for new possibilities.
A. Don’t “should” on yourself
B. Sometimes there isn’t a reason
C. Move past shame
D. Allow yourself to get in touch with how you’re feeling
E. And you feel lost about how to handle those uncertainties
F. You have to write a whole diary entry
G. Just follow your heart and do it for the day
【答案】16. E 17. D 18. A 19. G 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些处理生活中发生的意想不到的事的方法。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Life takes unexpected twists and turns and throws surprises your way.(生活总是有意想不到的波折，给你带来惊喜)”以及后文“Luckily, here are some advice on how to get through.(幸运的是，这里有一些如何度过难关的建议)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从讲生活中会发生意想不到的事，过渡到讲述处理方法，所以E项“And you feel lost about how to handle those uncertainties(你不知道如何处理这些不确定性)”符合文意。故选E项。
【17题详解】
根据本段小标题“Reflect(反思)”可知，本段主要讲反思生活中发生的事，设空位于段首，应该是对小标题的进一步说明，所以D项“Allow yourself to get in touch with how you’re feeling(允许自己去了解自己的感受)”是对反思的解释，符合文意。故选D项。
【18题详解】
分析设空可知，空处应该是小标题，是对本段的高度概括，根据后文“There’s no right way to get through a difficult time. Some people get super productive. Others, not so much. Thus, it’s important to let go of the pressure of others’ expectations and ignore messages like what you should do.(没有正确的方法来度过困难的时刻。有些人的方法效率很高。但是对其他人，就没那么高效了。因此，放下他人期望的压力，忽略你应该做的事情是很重要的)”可知，本段是在讲对自己不要给太多压力，没有那么多应该做的事，要学会放下，所以A项“Don’t “should” on yourself(对自己，没有那么多“应该”)”符合文意。故选A项。
【19题详解】
分析设空可知，空处位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Once you’ve stopped focusing on what you should do, take time to recharge by doing good, meaningful, even productive things. Maybe for you it’s baking a pie or organizing a closet.(一旦你不再专注于你应该做的事情，花点时间做一些有益的、有意义的、甚至是有成效的事情来充电。也许对你来说，它是烤馅饼或整理壁橱)”可知，本段承接上文，放下应该做的事，去做有意义的事，所以G项“Just follow your heart and do it for the day(跟着自己的心走，今天就去做吧)”符合文意。故选G项。
【20题详解】
根据前文“It can be tempting to rush through an uncertain situation and try to make it seem certain—to leap ahead to what might be next or try to find reasons for things.(匆忙处理一个不确定的情况，并试图让它看起来是确定的——跃进到下一个可能发生的事情或试图为事情寻找原因)”以及后文“Things are just hard.(事情就是很艰难)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，起到承上启下的作用，所以B项“Sometimes there isn’t a reason(有时候没有理由)”符合文意，其中reason为同词复现。故选B项。
第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1．5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Like most Americans in their 20s, I almost never talked to older people before last year. Then the pandemic began. ___21___ from my job, I started freelancing(从事自由职业). ___22___ stories for the “70 Over 70” podcast(播客), I ___23___ myself mostly talking to people over 80 years old.
For me this may have been a professional accident, but I can`t recommend the ___24___ highly enough. The old have been affected by the pandemic and lost some of their last years of life. ___25___ , they manage to feel wonder and tenderness, when so many of us feel ___26___ and uncertain.
As I`ve ___27___ seniors over the past year, my conversations have taught me how to be ___28___ . As Donalda McGeachy, a 101-year-old living in a nursing home, told me, the pandemic may be bad, but it`s been ___29___18 months. That ___30___ in comparison with the uncertainty she experienced during the six years of World War II, ___31___ for good news every single day. These conversations have also encouraged me to avoid regret. Peter and Sjanna Leighton ___32___ in their 20s, and then found each other again in their 50s and remarried. For them, regret over the decades they lost is replaced by the extraordinary ___33___ of their remaining time together. And these conversations have ___34___ me about the genuine joy of putting in ___35___ . Travis Mayes spent years struggling to ___36___ his brisket(牛胸肉)recipe and prove himself to his Dallas-area customers. Now the self-described “barbecue man of Garland” won`t stop just because he`s ___37___ 80.
When we`re young, we hear that we`re supposed to turn to our elders for ___38___ . But the elders I talk to have no patience for ___39___ proverbs about how to build a meaningful life. Instead, the ___40___ I take from them is to enjoy what`s wonderful.
21. A. Fired B. Chosen C. Turned D. Protected
22. A. Collecting B. Teaching C. Finishing D. Picturing
23. A. devoted B. found C. depended D. spent
24. A. mistake B. experiment C. event D. experience
25. A. Instead B. Nevertheless C. Otherwise D. Furthermore
26. A. free B. thrilled C. lost D. satisfied
27. A. talked B. observed C. cared D. interviewed
28. A. warm-hearted B. modest C. calm D. proud
29. A. usually B. only C. constantly D. namely
30. A. accepts B. weakens C. declines D. pales
31. A. reaching B. singing C. exchanging D. hoping
32. A. broke up B. broke down C. broke through D. broke out
33. A. boredom B. happiness C. frustration D. pressure
34. A. reminded B. promised C. robbed D. realized
35. A. duty B. task C. strength D. effort
36. A. hide B. borrow C. develop D. impact
37. A. approaching B. arriving C. achieving D. contributing
38. A. warning B. advice C. mercy D. news
39. A. abandoned B. talented C. polished D. continued
40. A. reward B. surprise C. lesson D. excuse
【答案】21. A 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. C 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文为夹叙夹议文。疫情期间，作者当了自由撰稿记者，工作中需采访70岁以上老人并为报纸撰写故事， 他发现与老人的谈话教会他很多东西，从老人身上作者学到了：享受美好的事物。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：被解雇后，我开始了自由职业。A. Fired解雇；B. Chosen选择；C. Turned转动；D. Protected防护。根据后文“I started freelancing”可知，作者开始从事自由职业，所以是被解雇了。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为“70岁或70岁以上的人”播客收集故事时，我发现自己主要是在和80岁以上的人交谈。A. Collecting收集；B. Teaching教授；C. Finishing完成；D. Picturing想象。根据后文“myself mostly talking to people over 80 years old”可知，作者工作是和老年人谈话，结合选项，目的应该是收集故事。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为“70岁或70岁以上的人”播客收集故事时，我发现自己主要是在和80岁以上的人交谈。A. devoted奉献；B. found发现；C. depended取决于；D. spent花费。根据前文“ 　　　2　　　 stories for the “70 Over 70” podcast”以及后文“myself mostly talking to people over 80 years old”，作者的工作是收集70岁及以上的老人的故事，但是他交谈的都是80岁以上，结合选项，应该是他发现。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，这可能是一次职业上的意外，但我无论如何推荐这段经历都不为过。A. mistake错误；B. experiment实验；C. event事件；D. experience经历。根据前文“For me this may have been a professional accident”可知，此处作者提到的是和老人谈话这件事，根据but可推知空处说的也是这件事，结合选项，应该是D项符合。故选D项。
25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我们中的许多人感到迷茫和不确定时，他们设法感到惊奇和温柔。A. Instead相反；B. Nevertheless然而；C. Otherwise否则；D. Furthermore此外。根据前文“The old have been affected by the pandemic and lost some of their last years of life.”以及后文“they manage to feel wonder and tenderness, when so many of us feel 　　6　 and uncertain.”可知，两句构成转折关系，应该用Nevertheless。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我们中的许多人感到迷茫和不确定时，他们设法感到惊奇和温柔。A. free自由的；B. thrilled非常兴奋；C. lost不知所措；D. satisfied满意的。根据后文“and uncertain”可知，空处应该和uncertain并列，结合选项，lost和uncertain表达意思相近。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去的一年里，我采访了老年人，我和他们的谈话教会了我如何保持冷静。A. talked谈话；B. observed观察到；C. cared关注；D. interviewed采访。根据前文“　　　2　　　 stories for the “70 Over 70” podcast”可知，作者需要收集老年人的故事，所以需要采访他们。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在过去的一年里，我采访了老年人，我和他们的谈话教会了我如何保持冷静。A. warm-hearted热心肠的；B. modest谦虚的；C. calm冷静的；D. proud自豪的。根据上文“they manage to feel wonder and tenderness, when so many of us feel 　　　6　　　 and uncertain.”可知，当大多数人感到迷茫和不确定时，他们设法感到惊奇和温柔，所以作者从他们身上学到保持温柔，结合选项，calm意思相近。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：正如住在养老院的101岁老人唐纳德·麦吉奇(Donalda McGeachy)告诉我的那样，大流行可能很糟糕，但这才过去了18个月。A. usually通常；B. only仅；C. constantly不断地；D. namely也就是。根据后文“That 　　10　　 in comparison with the uncertainty she experienced during the six years of World War II”可知，此处是把新冠疫情和长达6年的二战相比，，疫情仅仅才18个月。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这与她在第二次世界大战的六年里所经历的不确定性相比就相形见绌了，她每天都希望有好消息。A. accepts接受；B. weakens(使)虚弱；C. declines减少；D. pales失色。根据后文“comparison with the uncertainty she experienced during the six years of World War II”以及分析主语that，可知代指的是前文提到的疫情，而疫情和二战相比是相形见绌的。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这与她在第二次世界大战的六年里所经历的不确定性相比就相形见绌了，她每天都希望有好消息。A. reaching到达；B. singing唱歌；C. exchanging交换；D. hoping希望。根据后文“good news every single day”结合前文的内容，可知此处是这个老人回想二战的经历，所以是每天希望有好消息。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Peter和Sjanna Leighton在20多岁时分手，然后在50多岁时又重逢并再婚。A. broke up分手；B. broke down破裂；C. broke through重大发现；D. broke out(战争等)突发。根据后文“and then found each other again in their 50s and remarried.”可知，他们在50多岁时又重逢并再婚，所以在20多岁时分手。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，对失去的几十年的遗憾被他们在一起的剩余时间的非凡幸福所取代。A. boredom厌烦；B. happiness幸福；C. frustration挫败；D. pressure压力。根据前文“For them, regret over the decades they lost is replaced by”结合前文的内容，他们20岁分手，50多岁的时候相逢再婚，所以应该是用幸福代替遗憾。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些谈话让我想起了付出努力的真正乐趣。A. reminded使想起；B. promised许诺；C. robbed抢劫；D. realized意识到。根据前文“And these conversations”可知，本句是在讲述，作者在文中提到的这些对话，对作者的触动，结合选项，A项“reminded使想起”符合题意。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些谈话让我想起了付出努力的真正乐趣。A. duty责任；B. task任务；C. strength力量；D. effort努力。根据后文“Travis Mayes spent years struggling to 　　16　　 his brisket recipe and prove himself to his Dallas-area customers.”可知，作者举的例子是和努力相关。故选D项。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：特拉维斯·梅斯(Travis Mayes)花了数年时间努力研发他的牛腩食谱，并向达拉斯地区的顾客证明自己。A. hide隐藏；B. borrow借用；C. develop研制；D. impact影响。根据后文“his brisket(牛胸肉)recipe and prove himself to his Dallas-area customers”可知，他要向顾客证明自己，应该研发牛腩食谱来证明。故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，这位自称为“加兰德烧烤人”的人不会因为年近80而停下脚步。A. approaching接近；B. arriving到达；C. achieving完成；D. contributing捐献。根据后文“80”可知，此处指的是年龄，结合选项，应该是A项“approaching接近”符合题意。故选A项。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们年轻的时候，我们听说我们应该向长辈寻求建议。A. warning警告；B. advice建议；C. mercy怜悯；D. news新闻。根据前文“When we`re young, we hear that we`re supposed to turn to our elders for”结合常识可知，我们年轻时，会被告知，去想长辈寻求建议。故选B项。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但与我交谈过的长者没有耐心听那些关于如何建立有意义的生活的精炼谚语。A. abandoned被离弃的；B. talented有才能的；C. polished优美的；D. continued连续不断的。根据后文“proverbs about how to build a meaningful life.”结合选项可知，C项“polished优美的”修饰格言符合常规。故选C项。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，我从他们身上学到的是享受美好的事物。A. reward奖励；B. surprise惊讶；C. lesson教训；D. excuse借口。根据后文“I take from them is to enjoy what`s wonderful.”作者学会了享受美好的事物，所以应该是从他们身上得到的教训。故选C项。
第Ⅱ卷非选择题(共50分)
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Scientists have found the ______41______(close) black hole to Earth discovered so far. Named Gaia BH1, it is three times closer to our planet ______42______the previous closest known black hole. Gaia BH1______43______(weigh) about 10 times the mass of the Sun and is about 1600 light-years (the distance light travels in one Earth year, about 6 trillion miles) from Earth in the Ophiuchus constellation (a group of stars in a pattern).
A black hole is an area in space______44______its gravity is so strong that even light cannot escape______45______. Most known black holes are active, which means they are absorbing gas from nearby stars. This forms a ring around the black hole that scientists can see in x-rays. ______46______, Gaia BH1 is a dormant (休眠的) black hole, meaning it is not absorbing material from stars. To find Gaia BH1, a team of astronomers led by Kareem El-Badry looked at a map of stars taken by the European Space Agency`s Gaia spacecraft. They found one star that appeared to be affected by gravity from ______47______unseen object nearby. Follow-up______48______(observation)confirmed that this object was a black hole.
El-Badry believes there are likely to be ______49______(fair) mysterious black holes that are even closer to Earth and hopes to find more when the Gaia spacecraft releases more data in 2025. “Just finding one suggests there are a bunch more ______50______(find),” he told Science News.
【答案】41. closest
42. than 43. weighs
44. where 45. it
46. However##Nevertheless
47. an 48. observations
49. fairly 50. to find##to be found
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了科学家发现了迄今为止离地球最近的黑洞。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：科学家发现了迄今为止离地球最近的黑洞。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词the，空后是名词hole，所以空处应填形容词，根据句意，可知此处表达“离地球最近的”之意，应用最高级。故填closest。
【42题详解】
考查介词。句意：它被命名为盖亚BH1，比之前已知的离地球最近的黑洞近三倍。分析句子结构可知，根据空前的比较级closer可知，空处应填介词than，表比较之意。故填than。
【43题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意：盖亚BH1的质量大约是太阳的10倍，距离地球大约1600光年(光在一个地球年里传播的距离，大约6万亿英里)，位于蛇夫座(一组星星的图案)。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以weigh做本句谓语，主语是Gaia BH1，为第三人称单数，描述的是客观事实，所以一般现在时。故填weighs。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：黑洞是空间中的一个区域，它的引力非常大，甚至光都无法逃脱。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是space，在从句中地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。
【45题详解】
考查代词。句意：黑洞是空间中的一个区域，它的引力非常大，甚至光都无法逃脱。分析句子结构可知，本句是that引导的结果状语从句，从句中缺少宾语，根据句意，应用it代指前文提到的黑洞。故填it。
【46题详解】
考查连词。句意：然而，盖亚BH1是一个休眠黑洞，这意味着它不吸收来自恒星的物质。根据前文“Most known black holes are active, which means they are absorbing gas from nearby stars. This forms a ring around the black hole that scientists can see in x-rays.”以及后文“Gaia BH1 is a dormant black hole, meaning it is not absorbing material from stars.”可知，两句话在逻辑上构成转折关系，又空后有逗号，所以用however或者nevertheless意为“然后”，又因为位于句首，首字母应大写。故填However或者Nevertheless。
【47题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他们发现一颗恒星似乎受到附近一个看不见的物体引力的影响。分析句子结构可知，object为可数名词，句中用的单数，所以前应用不定冠词修饰，空后单词是unseen，为元音音素开头，用an。故填an。
【48题详解】
考查名词。句意：随后的观测证实这个物体是一个黑洞。分析句子结构可知，空前是follow-up为形容词，所以空处应填名词，observation意为“观测”，为可数名词，根据常识知，天文观测不会只做一次，此处应用复数形式。故填observations。
【49题详解】
考查副词。句意：El-Badry认为，可能有相当神秘的黑洞离地球更近，并希望在2025年盖亚宇宙飞船发布更多数据时发现更多。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的形容词mysterious，所以应该用副词修饰，fair的副词形式是fairly。故填fairly。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他在接受《科学新闻》采访时表示:“仅仅找到一颗就表明还有更多的行星有待发现。”分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词are，所以find应该用非谓语形式，此处表示还未发生的事，应该用不定式形式，逻辑主语是more代指黑洞，两者间是被动关系，应该用不定式的被动语态，又在“there be+名词+to do”结构中，可以用主动表被动。故填to find或者to be found。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last weekend has witnessed my active participation in the community service with my classmates, the theme of it was “Caring for the Elderly”. As scheduled, we arrived at the nursing home on the morning, where we helped mop the floor, dust the furniture and clean all the window there. After that, we made dumplings with them, chat together happily.
Tired although I was, it was rewarding and meaning to see smiles on their faces. Not only did I bring joy to them, but I also found confidence in keeping themselves company. It is the voluntary labour which enables me to understand what Chinese traditional virtues are. To be frank, I have benefited it greatly.
【答案】1.删除witnessed前的has 2.it→which 3.on→in 4.window→windows 5.chat→chatting 6.although→as/though 7.meaning→meaningful 8.themselves→them 9.which→that 10.it 前加 from

【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者一次去敬老院参加志愿劳动服务的经历及感受。
【详解】1. 考查谓语动词时态。句意：上周我和同学一起积极地参加了社区志愿服务活动。根据时间状语Last weekend可知，谓语动词表述的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故删除witnessed前的has。
2. 考查定语从句连词。句意：上周我和同学一起积极地参加了社区志愿服务。此次志愿服务的主题为“关爱老人”。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指代前文的先行词community service，指物，故将it改为which。
3. 考查介词。句意：我们那天按约好的时间，到达了敬老院。由句意可知，此处表示“（上周周末）早晨”，应使用固定搭配in the morning，on the morning一般不可以单独使用，须后接of，再连接具体时间表达（如星期几、月日等），故将on变为in。
4. 考查名词单复数。句意：到了那儿，我们就开始拖地、用抹布擦拭家具，并且擦玻璃。结合语境可知，window前有all修饰限定，应用名词复数，充当clean的宾语，故将window改为windows。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在那之后，我们和老人们边包饺子，边开心地聊天。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语，chat应使用非谓语动词形式；chat与其逻辑主语we之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作伴随状语，故将chat改为chatting。
6. 考查状语从句连词。句意：尽管我很疲惫，但看到他们脸上的笑容，我觉得我的付出是有回报且有意义的。根据句意可知，前后句意构成转折逻辑关系，此处应填写让步从句连词；且从句为“表语形容词+从句连词+主语+系动词”的部分倒装语序，故将although改为as/though。
7. 考查名词与形容词词性转换。句意：尽管我很疲惫，但看到他们脸上的笑容，我觉得我的付出是有回报且有意义的。根据句意及空格前的be动词和and可知，此处应使用形容词与rewarding并列作表语，修饰主语，故将meaning变为meaningful。
8. 考查代词。句意：我不仅为他们带去了欢乐，还在陪伴他们过程中找到了自信。此处宾语指代老人，和主语I并不指同一人，应用宾格人称代词，故将themselves改为them。
9. 考查强调句型。句意：志愿劳动服务让我能够了解中华传统美德的真正含义。分析句子结构可知，“it is+被强调部分+that+其他成分”为强调句的基本句型，此处对主语成分进行强调，故将which变为that。
10. 考查介词。句意：坦白地说，我从这次经历中获益良多。由句意可知，此处表示“从……中受益”，应使用固定短语benefit from/by sth，故在it前加from。
第二节书面表达(满分25分)
52. 学校英语报社正在开展以“The proudest thing I have accomplished”为题的征文比赛，请你以此为题写一篇英语短文参赛。内容包括：
1.概述这件事；
2.谈谈你的感想。
注意：1词数 100 左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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【答案】The Proudest Thing I Have Accomplished
When it comes to the proudest thing I have accomplished, it is raising money for those children in the mountain area that deserves special mention.
I still hold the clear picture in my mind. When the Hope Project came to our school, neither did I hesitate to donate all my pocket money to help the children in need, nor did I spare any effort to convince my classmates to do their part through contributions. Just as Charles Dickens put it, “No one is useless in this world who lightens the burdens of another.” I feel a wave of pride at my accomplishment that has made a difference to others` life and shaped me into this person. On the one hand, I am so pleased to relieve the children from the bad conditions to some degree that I feel powerful to help others. On the other hand, I realize how fortunate I am and learn to cherish what I have.
Making life beautiful for others is something to be proud of. I do hope all of us make it a point to do others a favor and make their day. Only in this way can we build a loving and harmonious society.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇英语短文。要求考生描述让自己感到最自豪的事情，并谈谈你对此的感想。
【详解】1.词汇积累
帮助某人：help sb→do sb a favor
说服：persuade→convince
成就：achievement→accomplishment
高兴的：happy→pleased
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Only in this way can we build a loving and harmonious society.
拓展句：Only in this way can we build a loving and harmonious society, where people in trouble can always turn to someone for help.
【点睛】[高分句型1] On the one hand, I am so pleased to relieve the children from the bad conditions to some degree that I feel powerful to help others. (运用了so...that引导的结果状语从句)
[高分句型2] I feel a wave of pride at my accomplishment that has made a difference to others` life and shaped me into this person. (运用了that引导的限制性定语从句)
听力答案:1-5 CABCC 6-10 BCBAA 11-15 CABAB 16-20 BCBAC