2023届高考英语二轮复习语法专项定语从句作业含答案

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习语法专项定语从句作业含答案，共17页。试卷主要包含了 单句语法填空， 语篇填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、 单句语法填空。
1. The bk tells stries f the earthquake thrugh the eyes f thse
lives were affected.
2. The president f the Wrld Bank says he has a passin fr China
he remembers starting as early as his childhd.
3. There is n simple answer, is ften the case in science.
4. Happiness and success ften cme t thse are gd at recgnizing their wn strengths.
5. Finally he reached a lnely island was cmpletely cut ff frm the utside wrld.
6. Jhn invited abut 40 peple t his wedding, mst f are family members.
7. We have launched anther man­made satellite, is annunced in tday's newspaper.
8. I wish t thank Prfessr Smith, withut help I wuld never have gt this far.
9. Maria has written tw nvels, bth f have been made int televisin series.
10. That evening, I will tell yu mre abut later, I ended up wrking very late.
11. By 16：30, was almst clsing time, nearly all the paintings had been sld.
12. The dishes I cked were Mm's favurite.
13. The sprts meeting will be put ff till next mnth, we will have made all the preparatins.
14. We will put ff the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.
15. Oppsite is St. Paul's Church, yu can hear sme lvely music.
16. As the smallest child f his family, Alex is always lnging fr the time
he shuld be able t be independent.
17. The bss f the cmpany is trying t create an easy atmsphere
his emplyees enjy their wrk.
18. This z is nt the nly place the animal can be seen.
19. Students shuld invlve themselves in cmmunity activities they can gain experience fr grwth.
20. I am lking frward t the day my daughter can read this bk and knw my feelings fr her.
21. I didn't becme a serius climber until the fifth grade, I went up t rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches f a tree.
22. When I arrived, Bryan tk me t see the huse I wuld be staying.
23. Nwadays peple are mre cncerned abut the envirnment they live.
24. He wrte a letter he explained what had happened in the accident.
25. Many cuntries are nw setting up natinal parks animals and plants can be prtected.
26. Sme peple always talk ludly in public, is really annying.
27. Have yu ever had a case smene accused yur jurnalists f getting the wrng end f the stick?
28. This is the girl English is the best in ur class.
29. I've cnsidered all the jbs they ffered me, and I decide t be a secretary.
30. Mike lived n Lincln Rad, many imprtant peple lived.
二、 语篇填空。
Passage 1
Did yu ever wnder wh invented Leg? When yu learn abut the Leg stry, yu will be 31. (surprise)! Like many great inventins, the stry is nt just ne f a great idea 32. ne f hard wrk and determinatin. The stry starts ff in Denmark. Ole Kirk Christiansen was a carpenter, 33. was having a hard time with business. T make matters 34. (bad), his wife, the mther f fur kids, died. T make his kids happy and lk fr new ways t make mney, he started t make wden tys. His sns helped him with his business. He had expected that his tys 35. (sell) well but the result was disappinting.
Ole thught his tys needed a new name, s he chse the name “Leg”， 36.
(mean) “play well” in Danish. Sn his tys became ppular. Unluckily, his wrkshp caught a big fire ne day and burned 37. the grund. Everything was destryed! Ole almst gave up. But he knew his kids were relying n 38.
(they) father fr fd. S he started t make plastic tys. He then gt the idea 39. (develp) a “system” f tys that wuld build kids' imaginatin and 40. (create). He made it. He decided t stp making wden tys and centre nly n the cnnected plastic tys. Nw kids arund the wrld enjy Leg tys.
Passage 2
On Oct.20, 2021, the flame fr the 2022 Winter Olympic Games arrived in Beijing, 41. (carry) a message f peace and unin. Witnessed by many peple, the flame drew crwds f audiences as it was escrted(护送) by vlunteers int a ceremny, 42. was held at Beijing's Olympic Twer. The flame, lit in Greece—the birthplace f the Olympics, 43. (transprt) t Beijing by air.
This is the first time that China 44. (hst) the Winter Olympic Games. Cmpared t Tky's Olympics preventin measures, thse in Beijing 2022 were even 45. (strict). Games rganizers have cut back the traditinal trch(火炬) relay t a small event due t COVID­19.
The relay was scheduled frm Feb.2 t Feb.4, with the rute cnnecting landmarks, histrical sites and majr turism 46. (attractin) in Beijing and Zhangjiaku. The shrtened trch relay with 47. (reduce) crwds, helped ensure the health and 48. (safe) f all judges and athletes. 49.
is certain that the trch relay, as a cultural part f the Olympic Games, plays an imprtant rle 50. prmting the hst's internatinal image while spreading the message f peace, unin, friendship and health.
提高题
一、 单句语法填空。
1. D yu knw the place he brrwed the bk?
2. He talked abut the teachers and schls he had visited.
3. Sme f the rads were flded, made ur jurney mre difficult.
4. The nvel in yu're interested was written by Mark Twain.
5. is ften the case, we have wrked ut the prductin plan.
6. Hangzhu is a beautiful city, is ften called the Heaven f the Earth.
7. Yesterday I met an ld friend, had a gift fr music when he was yung.
8. I will never frget thse three years, during time I learned a lt abut life.
9. is reprted, Chinese team wn the final.
10. I bught all the fd in the shp, much f was given ut t the pr.
二、 语篇填空。
Passage 1
New research has fund that fruit and vegetable cnsumptin and exercise can increase levels 11. happiness.
While 12. link between lifestyle and well­being has been 13.
(previus) dcumented and ften used in public health campaigns t encurage healthier diets and exercise, new findings shw that there is als psitive causatin(因果关系) frm lifestyle t life satisfactin.
Findings shw that the ability f individuals t delay satisfactin and apply self­cntrl plays a majr rle in influencing lifestyle decisins, 14. in turn have a psitive impact n well­being.
With it being well knwn that lifestyle diseases 15. (be) a leading cause f ill health and mrtality(死亡) wrldwide, these findings culd have significant implicatins fr public­health­plicy makers.
Dr Gschwandtner frm the University f Kent said, “Behavirs that enable the planning­self 16. (strengthen) lng­term gals are likely t be especially helpful in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. If a better lifestyle nt nly makes us healthier but als 17. (happy), then it is a clear win­win situatin.”
Prfessr Kambhampati frm the University f Reading said, “There has been a bigger shift in recent 18. (year) fr healthier lifestyle chices. Establishing that 19. (eat) mre fruits and vegetables and exercising can increase happiness and ffer health benefits is a majr develpment. This may als prve 20.
(use) fr plicy campaigns arund envirnment and sustainability.”
Passage 2
Shaanxi kuaiban is a 21. (traditin) Chinese frm f strytelling in the Shaanxi lcal language t the strng regular repeated sund f bamb clappers. On June 10, 2021, the Ministry f Culture and Turism 22. (recgnize) a new grup f 325 natinal intangible(非物质的) cultural heritage items in Beijing, increasing the list established in 2006 t 1，557 items. Shaanxi kuaiban, 23.
can date back t the late Qing Dynasty(1644—1911), has been included. It can 24.
(perfrm) by a grup r alne. With ne r tw pairs f kuaiban f different sizes in hand, the perfrmers speak in the lcal language while 25. (tell) stries, which are usually abut sufferers r heres.
Shaanxi kuaiban is 26. ppular that there are many prfessinal artists and perfrmers in China. Accrding t its perfrmers, the art was riginally used by farmers 27. (share) their knwledge and earn mney. 28. time ging by, mre and mre peple perfrm Shaanxi kuaiban in different particular events—fr example, at festival celebratins, 29. (party) and art shws. Supprted by the gvernment, it has been ne f the 30. (gd) art frms in Shaanxi and has been intrduced t lcal schls as part f their art educatin.
Passage 3
A herd f wild elephants that hiked nrthward fr mnths last year was recently sptted 31. (enter) Wild Elephant Valley in Yunnan Prvince.
“The adults and babies in the herd are all in gd health，” said Chen Fei, 32.
(direct) f the Natinal Frestry and Grassland Administratin's Asian Elephant Research Center.
The herd still has 14 members, but Chen said that culd include sme new members as it 33. (pssible) came int cntact with ther grups alng the rute.
“We have nt intrduced electrnic identity chips fr elephant mnitring，” Chen said. “Observers usually recgnize different grups 34. (base) n their years f experience and sme special features n the elephants' bdies.”
Yunnan is the nly place in China where wild Asian elephants 35.
(find). They live in the suth f the prvince—in Xishuangbanna and the cities f Pu'er and Lincang.
The Asian elephant, 36. is included n the Internatinal Unin fr Cnservatin f Nature Red List f Threatened Species as “endangered”， enjys Class­A prtectin in China, the same level affrded t the 37. (adre) giant panda.
Yunnan has established 11 nature reserves with a ttal area f 414，600 hectares, nearly duble 38. amunt in the 1980s. The prvince has als pilted the use f elephant canteens 39. (slve) the prblem f human­elephant cnflict.
Thanks t the determined prtectin effrts in recent decades, the Asian elephant ppulatin in China has risen 40. 170 in the 1970s t 300.
—Adapted frm China Daily
Passage 4
Square dancing is a well­knwn recreatinal grup activity in China. It 41.
(start) t gain ppularity in the mid­1990s when grups gathered at squares, parks, and ther pen spaces 42. (dance) in the mrnings and evenings. Mst f these 43. (individual) are senir citizens in search f new friends and activities t keep themselves 44. (ccupy). It's abut mre than just dancing; it's a way f meeting new friends and sharing their life stries, 45. benefits them bth mentally and physically.
Ahead f the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, when authrities launched the 46.
(prmte) f natinal fitness activities, square dancing became 47.
(ppular) than befre. Accrding t fficial statistics, there are presently ver 120 millin Chinese wh regularly take part 48. this activity acrss the natin's squares. And mst participants are happy with their current living cnditins.
49. , lud music played during square dancing was cnsidered as terrible nises. In recent years, natinal standards and regulatins 50.
(intrduce) t make the exercising mre public­friendly and further ensure its sund develpment.
基 础 题
一、 1. whse 2. which 3. as 4. wh 5. that/which 6. whm 7. which 8. whse 9. which 10. which
11. which 12. that/which/不填 13. when
14. when 15. where 16. when 17. where
18. where 19. where 20. when 21. when
22. where 23. where 24. where 25. where
26. which 27. where 28. whse 29. that 30. where
二、
Passage 1
31. surprised 32. but 33. wh 34. wrse 35. wuld sell 36. meaning 37. t 38. their 39. t develp
40. creativity

31. surprised 考查形容词。句意：当你了解到乐高的故事时，你会大吃一惊！be动词后面应用形容词作表语，空处意为“惊讶的”，应用形容词surprised。故填surprised。
32. but 考查连词。句意：像许多伟大的发明一样，这个故事不仅仅是一个伟大的想法，也是一个关于努力工作和决心的故事。nt just … but … 为固定短语，意为“不仅是……也是……”。故填but。
33. wh 考查定语从句。句意：Ole Kirk Christiansen是一个木匠，他在生意上遇到了困难。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a carpenter，且在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词wh引导。故填wh。
34. wrse 考查固定短语。句意：更糟糕的是，他的妻子，四个孩子的母亲去世了。t make matters wrse为固定短语，意为“更糟糕的是”。故填wrse。
35. wuld sell 考查动词时态。句意：他原以为他的玩具会卖得很好，但结果却令人失望。结合句意可知，空处表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作，应用过去将来时。故填wuld sell。
36. meaning 考查非谓语动词。句意：Ole认为他的玩具需要一个新名字，所以他选择了“乐高”这个名字，在丹麦语中意思是“玩得好”。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词Leg; mean和Leg之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。故填meaning。
37. t 考查介词。句意：不幸的是，有一天，他的作坊失火，被夷为平地。burn t the grund为固定短语，意为“被烧成平地”。故填t。
38. their 考查代词。句意：但他知道他的孩子们要靠父亲养活。修饰名词father应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
39. t develp 考查非谓语动词。句意：然后，他萌生了开发一套玩具“系统”的想法，可以培养孩子们的想象力和创造力。空处修饰名词the idea，且idea和develp之间为主动关系，所以空处应用动词不定式作定语。故填t develp。
40. creativity 考查名词。句意见上题解析。空处和名词imaginatin并列，应用名词creativity作宾语，表抽象概念，为不可数名词。故填creativity。
Passage 2
41. carrying 42. which 43. was transprted 44. has hsted 45. stricter 46. attractins 47. reduced
48. safety 49. It 50. in

41. carrying 考查现在分词。句意：2021年10月20日，2022届冬季奥运会的火炬抵达北京，传递着和平与团结一致的信息。本句已有谓语arrived，且和carry之间无连词，动词carry应用非谓语形式；逻辑主语the flame和动词carry之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，表主动。故填carrying。
42. which 考查定语从句。句意：在许多人的见证下，当火炬在志愿者的护送下进入北京奥林匹克塔举行仪式时，吸引了大批观众。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为ceremny，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
43. was transprted 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：火炬于奥运会发源地希腊点燃，并空运至北京。空处缺少谓语，结合上文“was held”可知，空处应用一般过去时；主语The flame和谓语动词transprt之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语The flame为单数，谓语也应用单数形式。故填was transprted。
44. has hsted 考查动词时态。句意：这是中国首次举办冬奥会。固定句式This is the first time that … 意为“这是第一次……”，其中that引导的从句应用现在完成时，从句主语为China，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has hsted。
45. stricter 考查比较级。句意：与东京的奥运会预防措施相比，2022年北京冬奥会的预防措施更加严格。根据“Cmpared t Tky's Olympics preventin measures”和“even”可知，空处应用形容词strict的比较级。故填stricter。
46. attractins 考查名词复数。句意：火炬传递计划于2月2日至2月4日进行，路线连接北京和张家口的地标、历史遗迹和主要旅游景点。此处表示不止一个景点，应用名词attractin的复数形式表泛指。故填attractins。
47. reduced 考查过去分词。句意：缩短火炬接力时间，减少人群，有助于确保所有裁判和运动员的健康和安全。本句已有谓语helped，且和reduce之间无连词，动词reduce应用非谓语形式；逻辑主语crwds和动词reduce之间为动宾关系，空处应用过去分词作定语，表被动。故填reduced。
48. safety 考查名词。句意见上题解析。空处应用不可数名词safety与health并列，作ensure的宾语。故填safety。
49. It 考查形式主语。句意：可以肯定的是，火炬传递作为奥运会文化的一部分，在传播和平、团结、友谊和健康的信息的同时，对提升东道主的国际形象发挥着重要作用。空处应用it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，句首首字母大写。故填It。
50. in 考查固定搭配。句意见上题解析。play an imprtant rle in … 意为“在……中起到重要作用”。故填in。
提 高 题
一、 1. where 2. that 3. which 4. which 5. As
6. which 7. wh 8. which 9. As 10. which
二、
Passage 1
11. f 12. the 13. previusly 14. which 15. are
16. t strengthen 17. happier 18. years 19. eating 20. useful

11. f 考查介词。句意：新的研究发现，食用水果和蔬菜加上锻炼可以提高幸福水平。根据句意可知，此处指的是“幸福的水平”，应用介词f。故填f。
12. the 考查冠词。句意：虽然生活方式和幸福感之间的联系之前已经有文献记载，并且经常被用于公共健康运动，以鼓励更健康的饮食和锻炼，但新的研究结果表明，生活方式和生活满意度之间也存在积极的因果关系。空处修饰名词link，特指，应用定冠词the。故填the。
13. previusly 考查副词。句意见上题解析。空处修饰dcumented应用副词形式。故填previusly。
14. which 考查定语从句。句意：研究结果表明，个体延迟满足和应用自我控制的能力在影响生活方式的决定中发挥着重要作用，反过来又对幸福感产生积极影响。句中先行词为lifestyle decisins，空处在非限制性定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
15. are 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：众所周知，生活方式疾病是全球健康状况不佳和死亡的主要原因，这些发现可能对公共卫生政策制定者产生重大影响。根据上文plays可知，空处时态为一般现在时，主语为lifestyle diseases，空处应用are。故填are。
16. t strengthen 考查非谓语动词。句意：那些能让自我坚定长期目标的行为，在保持健康的生活方式方面可能特别有帮助。enable … t d … 为固定搭配，意为“使……能够……”。故填t strengthen。
17. happier 考查形容词比较级。句意：如果更好的生活方式不仅让我们更健康，也让我们更快乐，那么这显然是双赢的局面。空处应和healthier保持一致，用形容词比较级。故填happier。
18. years 考查名词复数。句意：近年来，在更健康的生活方式的选择上，人们有了更大的转变。根据recent可知，此处为“近年来”，应用名词复数形式。故填years。
19. eating 考查非谓语动词。句意：多吃水果和蔬菜加上锻炼可以增加幸福感，并对健康有益，这是一项重大的研究进展。非谓语动词作从句的主语，应用动名词形式。故填eating。
20. useful 考查形容词。句意：这也可能被证明对环境和可持续发展的政策运动有用。空处应用形容词作系动词prve的表语。故填useful。
Passage 2
21. traditinal 22. recgnized 23. which 24. be perfrmed 25. telling 26. s 27. t share 28. With 29. parties 30. best

21. traditinal 考查形容词。句意：陕西快板是一种用陕西方言讲故事的传统中国形式，伴有强烈而有规律的竹板重复的声音。空处修饰下文名词frm应用形容词作定语。故填traditinal。
22. recgnized 考查动词时态。句意：2021年6月10日，文化和旅游部在北京新认定了325项国家级非物质文化遗产，将2006年确定的非物质文化遗产名录增加到了1 557项。根据“On June 10, 2021”可知，空处应用一般过去时。故填recgnized。
23. which 考查定语从句。句意：可以追溯到清末(1644—1911)的陕西快板也被包括在内。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Shaanxi kuaiban，空处在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which。故填which。
24. be perfrmed 考查动词语态。句意：它可以由一组人表演，也可以单独表演。主语It和perfrm之间为被动关系，can后跟动词原形。故填be perfrmed。
25. telling 考查省略句。句意：表演者手里拿着一两对大小不一的快板，用当地语言讲故事，故事通常是关于受害者或英雄的。在while引导的状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。故填telling。
26. s 考查副词。句意：陕西快板非常受欢迎，中国有许多专业的艺术家和表演者。引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”应用s … that … ，空处修饰形容词ppular应用副词s。故填s。
27. t share 考查非谓语动词。句意：据表演者说，这种艺术最初是农民用来分享知识和赚钱的。分析句子结构可知，share在句中应用非谓语动词形式，作目的状语，应用不定式。故填t share。
28. With 考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，越来越多的人在不同的特定活动中表演陕西快板，例如在节日庆典、晚会和艺术表演中。本句为with的复合结构，句首单词首字母要大写。故填With。
29. parties 考查名词复数。句意见上题解析。party为可数名词，根据上文“festival celebratins”可知，空处应用复数形式。故填parties。
30. best 考查形容词最高级。句意：在政府的支持下，它已经成为陕西最好的艺术形式之一，并作为艺术教育的一部分被引入当地的学校。此处为ne f＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数的结构，gd应用最高级形式。故填best。
Passage 3
31. entering 32. directr 33. pssibly 34. based
35. are fund 36. which 37. adrable 38. the 39. t slve 40. frm

31. entering 考查非谓语动词。句意：一群野生大象去年向北徒步了数月，最近有人发现它们进入了云南省的野象谷。be sptted ding sth意为“被发现做某事”。故填entering。
32. directr 考查名词。句意：国家林业和草原局亚洲象研究中心主任陈飞说：“象群中的成年和幼象健康状况都很好。”空处作同位语，应用名词directr，指Chen Fei应用单数。故填directr。
33. pssibly 考查副词。句意：象群仍有14名成员，但陈飞说可能会有一些新成员，因为它们可能与沿途的其他象群接触过。空处修饰下文动词短语came int应用副词作状语。故填pssibly。
34. based 考查非谓语动词。句意：观察人员通常根据自身多年的经验和大象身体上的一些特殊特征来识别不同的群体。be based n意为“根据”，空处省略be动词，应用过去分词作状语。故填based。
35. are fund 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：云南是中国唯一发现有野生亚洲象的地方。主语和谓语之间为被动关系，根据上文“Yunnan is the nly place”可知，陈述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为wild Asian elephants，谓语应用复数。故填are fund。
36. which 考查定语从句。句意：亚洲象被列入世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录，并被认定为“濒危”，在中国享有与可爱的大熊猫相同的一级保护。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The Asian elephant，且在从句中作主语，指物，应用which引导。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
37. adrable 考查形容词。句意见上题解析。空处修饰名词短语giant panda应用形容词作定语。故填adrable。
38. the 考查冠词。句意：云南已建成11处自然保护区，总面积41.46万公顷，比20世纪80年代增加了近一倍。此处指数量应用the amunt。故填the。
39. t slve 考查非谓语动词。句意：该省还试点使用大象食堂，以解决人象冲突问题。分析句子结构可知，slve在句中应用非谓语动词形式，空处作目的状语应用不定式。故填t slve。
40. frm 考查介词。句意：由于近几十年来的有效保护，中国的亚洲象数量已从20世纪70年代的170头增加到了300头。表示“从……到……”应用frm … t … 。故填frm。
Passage 4
41. started 42. t dance 43. individuals 44. ccupied 45. which 46. prmtin 47. mre ppular 48. in 49. Hwever 50. have been intrduced

41. started 考查动词时态。句意：它在20世纪90年代中期开始流行，当时人们早晚聚集在广场、公园和其他空地跳舞。句中start是谓语动词，时间状语in the mid­1990s意为“在20世纪90年代中期”，是一般过去时的标志。故填started。
42. t dance 考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语；人们聚集在广场、公园和其他空地是为了跳舞，所以空处应用不定式作目的状语。故填t dance。
43. individuals 考查名词复数。句意：这些人大多数是老年人，他们在寻找新朋友和新活动从而让自己忙碌起来。individual是可数名词，空前有these修饰，因此空处应用复数形式。故填individuals。
44. ccupied 考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。句中谓语动词是are，ccupy是非谓语动词作宾补，和宾语themselves之间为被动关系，因此空处应用过去分词形式。故填ccupied。
45. which 考查定语从句。句意：这不仅仅是跳舞；这是一种结识新朋友、分享生活故事的方式，对他们的身心都有好处。本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是“a way f meeting new friends and sharing their life stries”，指物，从句缺少主语，应用which引导。故填which。
46. prmtin 考查名词。句意：在2008年北京奥运会之前，中国政府开始推广全民健身活动，广场舞变得比以前更受欢迎。根据空前的定冠词the可知，空处应用prmte的名词形式。故填prmtin。
47. mre ppular 考查形容词比较级。句意见上题解析。根据空后“than befre”可知，空处应用ppular的比较级。故填mre ppular。
48. in 考查介词。句意：据官方统计，目前全国广场上有超过1.2亿中国人定期参加这项活动。固定短语take part in意为“参加”。故填in。
49. Hwever 考查副词。句意：然而，广场舞中播放的吵闹的音乐被认为是可怕的噪声。根据上文“And mst participants are happy with their current living cnditins.”以及下文“lud music played during square dancing was cnsidered as terrible nises”可知，这两句话为转折关系，因空后有逗号，应用转折副词hwever。故填Hwever。
50. have been intrduced 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：近年来，我国出台了国家标准和法规，使这项体育锻炼更加人性化，进一步保障了其健康发展。intrduce是本句的谓语动词，句中时间状语“In recent years”是现在完成时的标志；根据句意可知，国家标准和法规是被颁布，所以空处应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been intrduced。