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专题06 词汇无忧 词性转换在手——2023年中考英语思维导图+必备知识点梳理+精练学案(牛津上海版)(原卷版+解析版)
展开专题06 词汇无忧 词性转换在手
一、出题方向
- 出题量最大,也是最难把握的方向——同词根不同词类之间的相互转换
常考的相互转换词类有四种:名词、动词、形容词、副词
名词 动词、形容词 动词、形容词 名词
动词 形容词 形容词 动词
形容词 副词 副词 形容词
做这样的转换需要平时大量的积累,建立词根词缀的概念,多掌握常用的词缀,灵活变通。
- 最基本题型,必考方向——名词、代词、数词
名词考察方向:1. 复数
代词考察方向:1. 宾格 2. 形容词性、名词性物主代词转换 3. 反身代词可能出现
数词考察方向:1. 基数词、序数词的拼写与互换 2. 分数可能出现
- 简单题型,多练即可把握——比较级最高级
需要掌握:1. 比较级和最高级的变化方式 2. 比较级和最高级的辨识关键词
- 较难题型,多次转换,反义理解
有时候词类之间需要越级变换,要仔细斟酌词类间的修饰关系,确保答案的正确性。
较难题目不仅会越级变换,还需要添加反义,这需要更耐心细致地解题,分析题意。
二、解题技巧
- 形容词修饰名词、代词性成分;部分名词也可以修饰名词。
- 动词、形容词、副词需要副词修饰,副词也可以修饰整句话。
- 系动词后一般使用形容词,连系动词后尤其需要注意添加形容词,这点易和实义动词用副词修饰混淆。
- 扎实掌握名词、代词、数词的基本知识。
- 注意做完需要通读一下,检查反义及动词的时态语态问题。
三、词性转换分类汇总
1.动词转换为名词的常见方式
1)“动词+ion”
例如:pollute→ pollution, invent→ invention, discuss→ discussion, decide→ decision
注意:review→ revision solve→ solution
2)“动词去e+ ation”
例如:invite→ invitation,organize→ organization
3)“动词+er”
例如: work→ worker, teach→ teacher, write→ writer
speak→ speaker, run→ runner, win→ winner
4)“动词+ or"
例如:invent→ inventor, act→ actor, visit→ visitor, calculate→ calculator
5)“动词+ing"
例如:build→ building, begin→ beginning, paint→ painting, mean→ meaning
6)“动词十ment"
例如:develop→ development, amuse→ amusement
7)“动词十ress"
例如:wait→ waitress, act→ actress
8)“动词十ance"
例如:appear→ appearance, perform →performance
9)其他
serve—service 服务 speak—speech 演讲 fish—fisherman 渔夫
enter—entrance 入口 know—knowledge 知识 weigh—weight 重量
please—pleasure 愉快 choose—choice选择 tour—tourist 游客
die—death 死亡 succeed—success 成功 fly—flight 航班
memorize—memory 记忆 mix—mixture 混合物 cook—cook/cooker 厨师/厨具
save—safety 安全 act—activity 活动 able—ability 能力
2.动词转换为形容词的常见方式
1) “动词+ive"
例如:act→ active, attract→ attractive
2) “动词+ able"
例如:change→ changeable, enjoy→ enjoyable
3) “动词+ing"
例如:excite→ exciting, follow→ following,freeze—freezing 寒冷的/ (frozen 冷冻的)
4) “动词+ ed"
例如:frighten→ frightened, bore→ bored
5)“动词+ ful"
例如:forget→ forgetful健忘的/ unforgettable/forgettable 难忘的/易忘的
6) 其他:
例如:depend→ independent,like→ likely,break→ broken,die→ dead,live→ alive
Please v.→ pleasure n.→ pleasant令人愉快的(指物)/ pleased 满意的(指人)
widen→ wide enrich→ rich enable→ able
3.名词转换为形容词的常见方式
1)“名词+ ful"
例如:care→ careful, use→ useful, power→ powerful
2)”名词+ less"
例如:care → careless, home→ homeless, help→ helpless
3)“名词+ly"
例如:friend→ friendly, love→ lovely
4)“名词+y"
例如:sun→ sunny, wind→ windy, health→ healthy, noise→ noisy, luck→ lucky, fun→ funny
5)“名词+ing"
例如:interest→ interesting
6)“名词+n"
例如:America→ American, Australia→ Australian
7)“名词+ ern"
例如:south→ southern, north→ northern
8)“名词+ ous"
例如:danger→ dangerous
9)“名词+ en"
例如:wood→ wooden, gold→ golden, wool→ woolen
10)“名词+al"
例如:nation→ national, education→ educational, medicine→ medical, nature→ natural
chemistry→chemical,history→historical,physics→physical,tradition→traditional
11)其他
例如:office→ official fool→ foolish foreigner→ foreign wound→ wounded
electricity电→electric电的→electrical与电有关的→electronic 电子的
4.形容词转换为名词的常见方式
1)“形容词+y"
例如:difficult→ difficulty, honest→ honesty
2)“形容词词尾t改成ce"
例如:different→ difference, important→ importance
3)“形容词+ ness"
例如:ill→ illness, kind→ kindness, sad→ sadness, happy→ happiness
4)“形容词+ dom"
例如:free→ freedom, wise→ wisdom
5)其他
例如:high→ height long→ length true→ truth responsible→ responsibility
5.形容词转换为副词的常见方式
1)“形容词+ly“
例如:quiet→ quiet careful→ carefully main→ mainly
2)“形容词去y加ily“
例如:easy→ easily heavy→ heavily lucky→ luckily
3)“形容词le结尾的,去e变y“
例如:possible→ possibly gentle→ gently terrible→ terrible
4)“形容词e结尾的,去e变ly“
例如:true→ truly(只有true特殊) nice→ nicely
5)“形容词不变“
例如:early早 late 晚 hard难的;努力地 fast 快 wide(宽的)/widely(广泛的)
6.名词转换为名词的常见方式
例如:art→ artist science→ scientist piano→ pianist
city→ citizen custom→ customer engine→ engineer
friend→ friendship business→ businessman law→ lawyer
library→ librarian music→ musician office→ officer(职员)/official(官员)
7.词性转换中前缀的使用
例如:possible→ impossible (polite, patient) tell→ retell (build, write, use)
healthy→ unhealthy(happy, lucky, usual) honest→ dishonest (advantage)
regular→ irregular rich→ enrich (able)
convenient→ inconvenient (experienced/correct/direct/expensive/complete)
8.国名——国籍
例如:Australia—Australian America—American Canada—Canadian
Britain—British England—English Italy—Italian
France— French Germany—German (德国人复数Germans)
China—Chinese Japan—Japanese Korea—Korean
1.If you don’t have a deep love for something, don’t be ________ (satisfy) until you find one.
2.At the meeting, the ________ (speak) received a warm welcome for his touching story.
3.John F. Clauser couldn’t believe himself after ________ (hear) that he got the Nobel Prize in Physics this year.
4.Jason, the new student, is asked to give an ________ (introduce) of himself to the class.
5.For environmental protection, electric cars have been ________(wide) used in China.
6.Make sure the windows are closed and the door is ________ locked before you leave. (secure)
7.Peter’s mother has promised to buy ________ a set of encyclopedias for students.(he)
8.The tasty food of this restaurant makes this an ________ experience. (enjoy)
9.The letter was sent to the wrong flat although the address was written ________ (correct).
10.Even though he is ________, you aren’t supposed to be so rude. (polite)
11.Every child wants to be the _________(proud) of their parents.
12.It will be a good ________ (choose) to take the high-speed train to Yancheng from Suqian next year.
13.Sitting in front of the screen for too long is_____.It's bad for your eyes.(healthy)
14.You may add variety to the comic strips to keep the readers ________. (interest)
15.All these interesting experiments can ________our knowledge.(wide)
16.The festival is celebrated to welcome the ________ of spring. (arrive)
17.A ____________ (strange) stopped him on his way to the factory.
18.We do eye exercises ________ a day to protect our eyes. (two)
19.Abing is a folk ________ (music) who was born in Wuxi in 1893.
20.Three quarters of ________ say they save money for travel more than any other season. (America)
21.The twins want to be great ________ (magic) when they grow up.
22.Penicillin has had a wide range of________ (apply) in treating diseases caused by bacteria. However, its initial development faced two problems. First, scientists failed to find a procedure to make it ________ (purify) enough. Second, it was difficult to produce it in large quantities.
23.Scientists didn't find anything _________(value) in this area last year.
24.The flood which happened last week caused 100 people's _______ (die).
25.This must be one of her ____________(pride) moments in her busy and hard-working life.
26.We're always told to be ________ about everything in our life. (truth)
27.—Can you tell me how to wash hands ________ (proper)?
— Sure. When you wash your hands, use running water and soap for no less than 15 seconds.
28.China is an ________(east) country, but America is not.
29.It’s ________ possible that robot teachers will be popular in schools some day. (true)
30.The problem was not many people knew me or could even________ my name.(pronunciation)
31.Businesses are less likely to _______ (success) without setting realistic goals.
32.Experts agree that washing hands regularly is a way to prevent the ________ of many diseases. (spread)
33.Nowadays roadside ________ are very popular all around the country.(busy)
34.Please make a ________ (decide) to choose which one is the best.
35.Life is only ____________ to everyone, please treasure it. (one)
36.He asked me what the ________ (invent) name is.
37.The best time to Yangzhou is spring,there are many tourist ________ (attract) here.
38.Her little brother is interested in ________ (science)studies.
39.I congratulate all of you on the ________ (achieve).
40.I’m ________ (true) sorry to trouble you so much.
41.Let me cheer him up, because I know ________ (exact) how he feels.
42.The cute girl covered her face with her hands to hide her ________ (shy).
43.The scene in front is too ________ for me to have a look at. (frighten)
44.Customers can make a ________ to the manager by phone, by letter or face to face. (complain)
45.Can you show me how to ________ this new smart phone? (operation)
46.The police warn that cars must be _________ locked after they are parked. (safe)
47.When we face difficulties, we have no ________ but to overcome them. (choose)
48.In my view, we will work out the problems ________ by ourselves. (successful)
49.My sister stayed ________ (wake) the whole night working on the news report about the breaking incident.
50.I would like to visit Paris. It is one of the great tourist ________ in the world. (attract)
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