【中考一轮复习】2023年中考英语复习学案——第十四讲 宾语从句（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份【中考一轮复习】2023年中考英语复习学案——第十四讲 宾语从句（原卷版+解析版），文件包含中考一轮复习2023年中考英语复习学案第十四讲宾语从句解析版doc、中考一轮复习2023年中考英语复习学案第十四讲宾语从句原卷版doc等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共33页， 欢迎下载使用。


考点分析
宾语从句在初中英语语法中有着相当重要的地位，几乎每年的中考都有对宾语从句不同角度的考查。认真研读了近年来有关宾语从句的中考题，发现其考查的重点一般都集中在以下几个方面：语序、时态、连接词、否定前移和简化。
知识梳理
思维导图记知识点
一、宾语从句的定义
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子就是复合句。主句是全句的主体。从句是全句的一个成分，它在句子中作什么成分，就叫什么成分的从句。如作状语的就叫状语从句，作宾语的就叫宾语从句，作定语的就叫定语从句。初中阶段要求掌握状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句的简单用法。
宾语从句
二、宾语从句用法
【速记口诀】宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if，whether)替;特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。
二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意;主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。
三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。
【妙语诠释】宾语从句应注意三点：①引导词，陈述句一般由that引导，这时的that可以省略;一般疑问句则由if或whether引导;而特殊疑问句则由特殊疑问词引导。②时态，主句是现在时态，从句可用所需要的任何时态;但如果主句是过去时态，从句时态所表示时间一般往前移一个时间段。③语序，宾语从句永远要用陈述句顺序
三、宾语从句的引导词
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中常常省略。
He knew (that) he shuld wrk hard.
2.如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来，其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下，二者可以通用，If和whether起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。如：
I dn't knw if/whether she will cme here.我不知道她是否将来这儿。
注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。
a. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if
b. 引导词与动词不定式或 nt 连用时， 只用whether.
c. if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.
3宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，引导词就是特殊疑问词。由连接代词wh, whm, whse, what, which等和连接副词when, where, why, hw等引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。
四、宾语从句的语序
1.在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句要使用陈述语序，即“引导词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。 特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。如：
I want t knw when the train left.我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。
注意：①有些特殊疑问句本身是陈述句语序。如：
What's wrng
Which is the way
What happened t
What's the
Wh studies the hardest in yur class?
②d yu think后接宾语从句时，特殊疑问词即引导词要前置，d yu think作为插入语。如：
Wh d yu think he is talking with？你认为他正在和谁交谈？
2.由d，des，did构成的疑问句，在转换成宾语从句时，要去掉d，des，did，且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态作出相应的变化。如：
“Des he sing well？”The music teacher asked him.
→The music teacher asked him if(whether)he sang well.这个音乐老师想知道他唱得是否很好。
3.如果是will，be，have，can组成的疑问句，在变为宾语从句时，要把这些词还原到句中原来的谓语位置上，并根据主句的时态作相应的变化。如：
“Will yu be free tmrrw？”She asked me.
→She asked me if(whether) I wuld be free tmrrw.她问我明天是否是空闲的。
六、宾语从句的时态
宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，这就是时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制；如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。
Please tell us where he is.
He tld me that he was preparing fr the sprts meet.
注意：当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。
The teacher tld us (that) the earth mves arund the sun.
宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的，一般有下面几种情况：
①主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的任何时态。如：
He says he will ask Mr. Hu t give Jim sme wrk.他说他将让胡先生给吉姆一些工作。
②主句的时态为过去时态时，从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的过去的某一时态。如：
She said she missed us very much.她说她非常想念我们。
③从句表示的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象时科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：
He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.他说太阳比地球大。
七、宾语从句的否定前移
在宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词为think，believe，expect，imagine，suppse等时，如果主句为I或we时，从句中表示否定意义的nt应移到think，believe，expect，imagine，suppse等前。如：
I dn't suppse he will cme.我猜他不会来。
【注意】如果主句主语不是I或we，则nt不前移。如：
She thinks she can't arrive there n time.她认为她不能按时到那儿。
八、宾语从句和状语从句的区分
1) I will g ut tmrrw if it is fine.
2) I dn’t knw if the train has arrived.
句1）中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句2）中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词dn’t knw的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。
判断方法：
1.可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
2. 从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether， 词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当……的时候”。
3.从时态看。if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。
4.、人称的变化和标点的使用
a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：(一主二宾三不变)
“May I use yur knife？”He asked me.
→He asked me if he might use my knife.
“D yu knw her telephne number？”He asked me.
→He asked me if I knw her telephne number.
b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：
Wh will give us a talk? I dn’t knw. →I dn’t knw wh will give us a talk.
D yu knw？Where des he live? →D yu knw where he lives?
九、宾语从句的转化
1.当主句谓语动词是hpe，wish，decide，frget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：
She agreed that she culd help me with my maths.
→She agreed t help me with my maths.
2.当主句的谓语动词是knw, learn, frget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。例如：
I dn't knw which sweater I shuld buy.→I dn't knw which sweater t buy.
3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, shw, teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：→Culd yu tell me hw t get t the park?
4. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带t的不定式或V-ing形式。如：
She fund that the wallet lay/was lying n the grund.
→She fund the wallet lie/lying n the grund.
三年中考真题
1．（2020·甘肃兰州·中考真题）—Can yu tell me ________ this term?
—On September 21st.
A．when will the schl trip beB．when the schl trip will be
C．where will the schl trip beD．where the schl trip will be
2．（2020·青海西宁·中考真题）— I am wrried abut ________.
— Whatever the result is, dn’t be t hard n yurself.
A．hw can I pass my driving testB．which high schl will I enter
C．whether I can get great grades in the final examD．when can I catch up with the tp students
3．（2020·四川资阳·中考真题）— D yu knw ________ the Capital f Lemn is in China?
— In Ziyang, Sichuan.
A．hwB．whatC．whenD．where
4．（2020·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题）—What did the headmaster ask yu after the meeting?
—He asked me ________.
A．what I d fr the prject last weekB．if can I finish the wrk n time
C．hw did I deal with the prblemD．why I was late fr the meeting
5．（2020·内蒙古·统考中考真题）Tm was nt listening carefully, s he failed t hear________.
A．what did the teacher say
B．what the teacher said
C．wh des the teacher say t
D．wh the teacher will say t
6．（2020·广西贺州·统考中考真题）— Culd yu tell me ________?
— Yes. I bught it nline.
A．where d yu buy the sweaterB．where yu buy the sweater
C．where did yu buy the sweaterD．where yu bught the sweater
7．（2020·山东济南·统考中考真题）—Culd yu tell me ________ during the winter vacatin?
—I studied nline and helped with the husewrk.
A．what did yu d
B．what yu did
C．where did they g
D．where yu went
8．（2020·西藏·统考中考真题）The Chinese gvernment will always d ________.
A．what has he prmised t dB．what has he prmised d
C．what he has prmised dD．what he has prmised t d
9．（2020·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）On the phne her father asked her _________then.
A．what was she dingB．what she was dingC．when she was ding
10．（2020·江苏泰州·统考中考真题）—I heard NBA star Kbe Bryant’s private helicpter (直升机) crashed. I wnder________.
—All the nine peple died including his 13-year-ld daughter, Gianna.
A．where the accident happenedB．that his daughter died t
C．what was the weather like that dayD．if there were any survivrs in the accident
11．（2021·甘肃甘南·统考中考真题）—I haven’t decided ________ I’ll g fr my summer hlidays.
—Why nt chse Laga Muntain?
A．hwB．whenC．where
12．（2021·四川甘孜·统考中考真题）—Mike, I wnder ________ we’ll g this weekend.
—T the museum.
A．whenB．whyC．hwD．where
13．（2021·贵州黔西·统考中考真题）Excuse me, d yu knw ________ buy sme medicine? I’ve gt a cld.
A．where can IB．where I canC．what can ID．what I can
14．（2021·西藏·统考中考真题）— I dn’t knw ________.
— At 3: 00 p.m. yesterday.
A．when the vide meeting finishedB．when did the vide meeting finish
C．where the vide meeting finishedD．where did the vide meeting finish
15．（2021·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题）—D yu knw ________
—In the 1960s.
A．where Havc in Heaven was createdB．when Havc in Heaven was created
C．where was Havc in Heaven createdD．when was Havc in Heaven created
16．（2021·山东青岛·统考中考真题）— I wnder ________.
— Why nt?
A．that yu’d like t cme with usB．whether yu’d like t cme with us
C．when wuld yu like t cme with usD．hw wuld yu like t cme with us
17．（2021·江苏淮安·统考中考真题）—Can yu imagine ________ in 2035?
—I’m sure it will be better.
A．hw ur life wasB．what will ur life be like
C．hw was ur lifeD．what ur life will be like
18．（2021·黑龙江大庆·统考中考真题）In the Past, peple didn’t knw that the earth ________ arund the sun.
A．will mveB．mvedC．wuld mveD．mves
19．（2021·北京·统考中考真题）—Culd yu please tell me ________?
—Next Thursday mrning.
A．when we visited the Capital MuseumB．when did we visit the Capital Museum
C．when we will visit the Capital MuseumD．when will we visit the Capital Museum
20．（2021·浙江温州·统考中考真题）—Linda, may I knw ________?
—Certainly. I’m ging t the cuntryside t visit my grandparents.
21．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—What else did the students ask Chinese astrnaut Nie Haisheng abut the space statin?
—They asked him ________.
A．hw lng wuld he stay thereB．when he will arrive
C．hw did he cmmunicate with his familyD．hw much the spacesuit cst
22．（2022·云南昆明·统考中考真题）— Culd yu please tell me ________ when they meet fr the first time in China?
— They usually shake hands.
A．what d peple usually dB．what peple usually d
C．where d peple usually gD．where peple usually g
23．（2022·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）—D yu knw _______?
—She is a teacher.
A．What is Linda’s jbB．What Linda’s jb isC．What was Linda’s jb
24．（2022·浙江温州·统考中考真题）—Nancy, d yu knw ________?
—In 1957, I think.
A．wh wrte the play TeahuseB．what the play Teahuse is abut
C．when the play Teahuse was writtenD．why La She wrte the play Teahuse
25．（2022·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）—Culd yu please tell me ________?
—Yu can take N. 2 Bus.
A．when was the nearest hspital builtB．hw can I get t the nearest hspital
C．when the nearest hspital was builtD．hw I can get t the nearest hspital
26．（2022·四川泸州·统考中考真题）—Culd yu tell me ________ fr the fruit?
—Yu can just pay n the phne.
hw much will I payB．hw will I pay
C．hw much I will payD．hw I will pay
27．（2022·重庆·统考中考真题）—Excuse me, d yu knw ________?
—Yes. Next Friday.
A．when will the vlunteers cme back
B．when the vlunteers will cme back
C．hw will the vlunteers cme back
D．hw the vlunteers will cme back
28．（2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题）—D yu knw ________?
—Sure, n April 16th, 2022.
A．when Shenzhu-13 returned t EarthB．when Shenzhu-13 will return t Earth
C．when will Shenzhu-13 return t EarthD．when did Shenzhu-13 return t Earth
29．（2022·贵州铜仁·统考中考真题）—Tm, culd yu tell me ______?
—She is an ffice wrker.
A．wh is sheB．wh she isC．what she isD．what is she
30．（2022·海南·统考中考真题）—Have yu decided ________ the children in the pr area?
—By sending them bks and schlbags.
A．hw yu will helpB．hw will yu helpC．when yu will help
两年模拟演练
31．（2021·广西河池·统考二模）—Excuse me, d yu knw ________ t buy sme fruit?
—Yes, there’s a supermarket next t the bank.
A．where can I gB．hw I can gC．where I can gD．hw can I g
32．（2021·辽宁沈阳·统考二模）—Can yu tell me _________ t deal with stress?
—I think ne way t cancel ut stress is thrugh psitive thinking.
A．whereB．whyC．hwD．when
33．（2021·云南红河·统考二模）—Next Friday is my mther’s birthday, and I’m thinking abut ________.
—I think yu can ck a dinner fr her.
A．what present did I gave herB．what present I gave her
C．what present will I give herD．what present I will give her
34．（2021·广西南宁·校考三模）—Culd yu tell me ________?
—He lives near ur schl.
A．where des Tm liveB．hw des Tm feelC．hw Tm feelsD．where Tm lives
35．（2021·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考三模）—AI(人工智能) has made this year’s tw sessins(两会) special.
—Yes. It is said that AI can predict ________ by lking at his pht.
A．hw a persn wasB．what is a persn likeC．whether a persn is utging r nt
36．（2021·四川成都·四川省成都市七中育才学校校考一模）—Culd yu please tell me ________?
—The peple and the fd.
A．why des Jhn like yur hmetwn
B．what Jhn likes abut yur hmetwn
C．hw Jhn likes yur hmetwn
37．（2021·浙江温州·统考二模）—D yu knw ________ mn cakes in traditin in China, Li Fang.
—Usually during the Mid-autumn Festival.
A．why peple makeB．when peple eatC．where peple buyD．hw peple share
38．（2021·湖北武汉·统考二模）—When will Mr. Wu be back t China?
—Srry, I have n idea ________.
A．when did he g abradB．why he is ging abrad
C．hw sn will he be backD．hw lng he will stay abrad
39．（2021·福建福州·统考三模）— D yu knw ________?
— I dn’t knw. Maybe smething abut the ancient buildings in Sng Dynasty.
A．what the speech tpic isB．hw I can get t the palaceC．when did they finish the wrk
40．（2021·四川成都·成都市树德实验中学校考三模）What ur sciety is like is decided by ________ everyne chses t behave.
A．whereB．whenC．hw
41．（2021·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·统考一模）We didn’t knw __________ t visit ur schl.
A．when did he cmeB．when he was cming
C．when wuld he cmeD．when he is cming
42．（2022·河北石家庄·校考一模）D yu knw ________? I’ll take a bus there.
A．hw lng the bus isB．hw I will get there
C．hw sn I’ll leaveD．hw much time I need
43．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第六十九中学校校考二模）—Mm, I want t knw if we ________ fr a picnic tmrrw?
—Yes, we will. But if it ________ tmrrw, we’ll stay at hme and have a big dinner.
A．will g；rainsB．will g；will rainC．g；will rain
44．（2022·广西贵港·统考三模）—Grace, why did the wman stp yu?
—She asked me _________.
A．where was the hspitalB．hw can she g t the hspital
C．if I knew the way t the hspitalD．whether I knw the way t the hspital
45．（2022·山东济南·统考二模）—Culd yu tell me ________?
—I live in Jinan.
A．where d yu liveB．where yu live
C．where were yu brnD．where yu were brn
46．（2022·西藏拉萨·校考模拟预测）—Let’s g swimming if it ________ this weekend.
— But nbdy knws if it ________.
will be fine; will rainB．is fine; will rain
C．is fine; rainsD．will be fine; rains
47．（2022·青海玉树·校考一模）—What did ur math teacher say yesterday? I was ill and didn’t cme t schl.
—She tld us ________.
A．why we didn’t d ur hmewrk
B．that we wuld have a test next week
C．when will we have a field trip
48．（2022·江苏盐城·校考一模）—Hw was yur winter hliday, Mike?
—Nt bad. What abut yu? Culd yu tell me ________?
what place yu have gne t
B．if yu watched the 24th Winter Olympic Games
wh did yu spend the hliday with
D．that yu watched a ftball match
49．（2022·新疆阿克苏·统考一模）Neither I nr he ________ where the train statin is.
A．knewB．knwsC．knwD．didn’t knw
50．（2022·湖北武汉·三模）—D yu knw ________.
—He has been stuck n the highway fr half an hur.
A．why hasn’t he arrived yetB．what happened t him
C．if he wuld arrive snD．hw ften he exercises