【中考一轮复习】2023年中考英语复习学案——第十二讲 被动语态（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份【中考一轮复习】2023年中考英语复习学案——第十二讲 被动语态（原卷版+解析版），文件包含中考一轮复习2023年中考英语复习学案第十二讲被动语态解析版doc、中考一轮复习2023年中考英语复习学案第十二讲被动语态原卷版doc等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共28页， 欢迎下载使用。

考点分析
被动语态是历年来中考的考点之一。在备考被动语态时，我们一定要彻底地弄明白，英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念;而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。被动语态的考题一般出现在单线选择、完型填空和句型转换中。
知识梳理
一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many peple speak English.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many peple来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spken by many peple.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念;而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。例如：He pened the dr.他开了门。(主动句)The dr was pened.门被开了。(被动句)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am/is/are+taught
一般过去时：was/were+taught
一般将来时：will/shall be+taught
现在进行时：am/is/are being+taught
过去进行时：have/has been+taught
现在完成时：have/has been+taught
歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：Sme new cmputers were stlen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：the windw was brken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。
This bk was written by him.这本书是他写的。
歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
All the peple laughed at him. He was laughed at by all peple.
They make the bikes in the factry. The bikes are made?by them?in the factry.
歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成，原来带t的情态动词变成被动语态后“t”仍要保留。
歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带t要保留。例如：
We can repair this watch in tw days. This watch can be repaired in tw days.
Yu ught t take it away. It ught t be taken away.
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
六、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题：
①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。
如：His teacher gave him a dictinary.→He was given a dictinary by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典→他得到老师一本字典)也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语,但是需用t或者fr引出原句的间接宾语。如：His teacher gave him a dictinary.→A dictinary was given t him by his teacher.(老师给他一本字典→一本字典由老师送给了他)His father made him a kite.→A kite was made fr him by his father.(他的父亲给他做了一个风筝→一个风筝由他的父亲做给了他)
②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加t.如：The bss made the pr man wrk 12 hurs a day.→The pr man was made t wrk 12 hurs a day.(老板让这个可怜的人一天工作12小时→这个可怜人被迫一天工作12小时)
③“动词+…+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。如：The girl takes gd care f her little brther.→The girl’s little brther is taken gd care f by her.(女孩照顾小弟弟→女孩的小弟弟由她照顾着)
④“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构。如：
He is pleased / wrried / tired /…….(系表)(他高兴/焦虑/疲劳……)
He was hit / kncked dwn / tld / sht / .(被动)(他被击中/撞倒/关照/射中……)
句型转换中主动语态变被动语态的方法：
在句型转换中主动语态变被动语态我们一定要按“一变二套三注意”
一变 变主动为被动或变被动为主动时 ，把原句的主语和宾语互换，注意被动语态的构成“be + 过去分词”。
如：We grew a tree yesterday. →A tree was grwn yesterday by us.
二套 被动语态的构成为“be + 过去分词”。在不同的时态中，过去分词保持不变，而be动词随着时态有不同的变化，如：am/ is/ are（一般现在时）；was/ were （一般过去时）；have/ has been( 现在完成时)；am/ is/are being （现在进行时）等。若含有情态动词，则用“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。
例如：The flwers are being watered by them. 他们正在浇花。
The plan has been fund by me. 钢笔已经被我找到了。
Hmewrk must be finished first. 必须要先完成作业。
三注意
① 句中含有双宾语如give/ buy sb sth 时，一般要把间接宾语（sb）变成被动句的主语，若将直接宾语( sth ) 变成主语，则在间接宾语前加上介词t或fr。常用t的介词有give, shw, pass, hand, lend, send 等；常用介词fr 的动词有brrw, buy, make 等。
如：The eraser was passed t me at last. 最后，橡皮被传递给了我。
A new ty was bught fr me as my birthday present by him.
他给我买了一个玩具，作为我的生日礼物。
② 主动句中，谓语是含有介词或副词的动词短语，变为被动句时，介词或副词不能省略。常见的词组有listen t, take care f, pay attentin t 等。
如：We ften talk with the ld plitely. →The ld are ften talked with plitely by us.
③ 主动句中作宾补的不带t的动词不定式，变被动时要加上t.常见的词组有hear/ see sb d sth, make sb d sth 等。
如：we make the by stand utside.→The by was made t stand by us.
三年中考真题
1．（2020·甘肃兰州·中考真题）My advice n learning English ________.
A．acceptedB．is acceptedC．acceptsD．are accepted
2．（2020·辽宁大连·中考真题）If the rivers __________, farmers can’t use the water fr their crps.
A．pllutedB．were pllutedC．are pllutingD．are plluted
3．（2020·湖南湘潭·中考真题）Chinese tea is very ppular, and it ________ t many different parts f the wrld.
A．is sentB．sendsC．has sent
4．（2020·内蒙古·统考中考真题）It is reprted that the new rbt ________ by a middle schl student three years ag.
A．inventedB．inventsC．was inventedD．is invented
5．（2020·广西贺州·统考中考真题）Yur hmewrk must be ________ this mrning, r yu can’t hand it in n time.
A．finishB．finishedC．finishesD．finishing
6．（2020·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题）A new high-speed railway statin ________ in ur city next year.
A．will be cmpletedB．cmpletesC．is cmpletedD．will cmplete
7．（2020·山东济南·统考中考真题）The Tky 2020 Olympics ________ because f COVID-19 a few mnths ag.
A．were put ffB．will put ff
C．are putting fD．are put
8．（2020·四川巴中·统考中考真题）Gina went t the dctr’s yesterday and she ________ t take medicine n time.
A．tldB．is tldC．was tldD．has tld
9．（2020·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）The last BeiDu navigatin satellite(北斗导航卫星) __________successfully last mnth.
A．was sent upB．sent upC．has sent up
10．（2020·广西百色·统考中考真题）Mre trees _____________every year t make ur city greener.
A．is plantedB．are plantedC．was plantedD．were planted
11．（2021·贵州黔西·统考中考真题）—Mre trees need t be planted in the nrthwest f China
—Yes. With enugh trees, sandstrms（沙尘暴）culd ________.
A．prtectB．be prtectedC．stpD．be stpped
12．（2021·四川资阳·统考中考真题）Tianwen 1 ________ int space last year and landed successfully n Mars recently.
A．sentB．is sentC．was sentD．had sent
13．（2021·江苏徐州·统考中考真题）The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhu in September 2022. I can’t wait!
A．were heldB．will be heldC．have heldD．are held
14．（2021·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考中考真题）In the year f 2020, each f us ________ by the peple like Zhng Nanshan and Li Lanjuan wh taught us hw t fight against the difficulties in life with a strng will.
A．were greatly encuragedB．greatly encurages
C．greatly encuragedD．was greatly encuraged
15．（2021·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）Mre dinsaur fssils(化石), including ftprints, bnes r eggs, culd ________ in the future.
A．discverB．be discveredC．have discveredD．be discvering
16．（2021·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）This TV prgram discusses where the best tea leaves ________.
A．were prducedB．have prducedC．prduced
17．（2021·江苏泰州·统考中考真题）—Sir, I have truble ding the vluntary wrk fr the 20th Games f Jiangsu Prvince in Taizhu.
一Dn’t wrry. A lt f supprt ________ sn.
A．is fferedB．will be fferedC．was fferedD．were ffered
18．（2021·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）—I t give a speech at the graduatin ceremny yesterday.
—Lucky yu!
A．was chsenB．am chsenC．will be chsen
19．（2021·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）Sme new airprts ________ in the west f ur cuntry. It will save ur time t g there.
A．buildB．will buildC．will be built
20．（2021·江苏苏州·统考中考真题）Nw teenagers ________ t d vluntary wrk fr their lcal cmmdities.
A．are encuragedB．were encuragedC．have encuragedD．are encuraging
21．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）Our schl held the graduatin ceremny last Friday. All the parents ________ t cheer us up.
A．are invitedB．were invitedC．will be invited
22．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）The secnd “Tiangng Lecture” kicked ff! Bing Dwen Dwen ________ a teaching tl!
A．is used frB．was used frC．is used asD．was used as
23．（2022·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）Spud Webb ________ at first because f his height, but he didn’t lse heart.
A．refusesB．refusedC．was refusedD．will be refused
24．（2022·湖北黄石·统考中考真题）—D yu think junir high schl students ________ t get their ears pierced?
—N, I dn’t think s. It is against the schl rules.
A．shuld allwB．allwC．have allwedD．shuld be allwed
25．（2022·吉林长春·统考中考真题）Li Yan ________ t the welcme party yesterday.
A．invitesB．is invitedC．was invitedD．will invite
26．（2022·广西百色·中考真题）Chinese _________ by mre and mre peple in the wrld.
A．speakB．speaksC．is speakingD．is spken
27．（2022·重庆·统考中考真题）His guitar ________ as a gift fr him last week.
A．buysB．is bughtC．bughtD．was bught
28．（2022·四川成都·统考中考真题）Sme grups _______ prizes n April 15, 2022 by the Central Cmmittee f the CYLC（共青团中央）.
A．were givenB．were givingC．will be given
29．（2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题）Chinese ________ by mre and mre peple arund the wrld tday.
A．learnsB．learnedC．was learnedD．is learned
30．（2022·江苏南京·统考中考真题）It's said that an Asian Culture Village__________ inside the AYG Village in Nanjing in the cming Asian Yuth Games perid.
A．buildsB．is buildingC．will be builtD．was built
两年模拟演练
31．（2021·江苏南通·统考一模）—Music and art will enter the Entrance Examinatin fr the high schl. Is it true?
—I am nt sure. But dn’t wrry. Nthing will be difficult if mre attentin ________ t them.
A．will payB．will be paidC．paysD．is paid
32．（2021·广西河池·统考三模）— A talk n hw t keep safe at schl ________ by Mr. Li. I am lking frward t it.
— S am I.
A．gaveB．will giveC．was givenD．will be given
33．（2021·广西南宁·校考三模）Chinese ________ as a freign language in many schls in ther cuntries nw.
A．was taughtB．is taughtC．teachesD．taught
34．（2021·吉林·统考一模）The kite __________ in China mre than 2,000 years ag.
A．inventsB．inventedC．was invented
35．（2021·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考二模）The envirnment in my hmetwn is changing because many trees ________ here every year.
A．plantedB．are plantedC．were planted
36．（2021·湖北武汉·统考一模）— Students ________a few why and hw questins in Ms. Chen’s class, did yu ntice that?
— Yes, I think she wanted t train their abilities f deep thinking.
A．are askedB．were askedC．will be askedD．shuld be asked
37．（2021·贵州铜仁·统考三模）—Mm, may I watch the mvie Operatin Red Sea this evening?
—Of curse, if yur hmewrk ________.
A．finishedB．will finishC．is finishedD．was finished
38．（2021·福建泉州·泉州五中校考模拟预测）Three astrnauts t space abard ur cuntry’s new space statin later this mnth.
A．carryB．is carriedC．will be carried
39．（2021·河北唐山·统考一模）Many peple ________ t stay in the places where they wrk t spend New Year because f the COVID-19 this year.
A．were askedB．are askedC．askedD．were asking
40．（2021·安徽池州·统考二模）All f us shuld fllw the traffic rules, r we ________ by the traffic plice.
A．are punishedB．will be punishedC．were punishedD．have been punished
41．（2022·河北保定·校考一模）This bk ________ by a yung writer. Bth my best friend and I liked it when we were yung.
A．was writtenB．wrteC．writesD．is written
42．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第六十九中学校校考二模）—D yu knw when the XXIV Winter Olympic Games ________?
—________ February 4th, 2022.
A．was held, OnB．held, InC．has held, On
43．（2022·广西贵港·统考三模）—Ww, there is a new club in yur schl.
—It ________ at the beginning f this year and nw it has many members.
A．startsB．is startedC．has startedD．was started
44．（2022·青海玉树·校考一模）The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhu frm Sep. 10 t 25, 2022.
A．heldB．is heldC．will be held
45．（2022·四川成都·统考二模）Sharks shuld ________ t keep the balance f ecsystem.
A．be prtectedB．prtectC．have prtected
46．（2022·江苏镇江·统考模拟预测）Gu Ailing ________ in bth China and many ther cuntries because f her amazing skiing skills.
A．remembersB．is rememberedC．is rememberingD．remembered
47．（2022·山东滨州·统考二模）—Claudia, are yu ging t Jeff’s birthday party n Saturday?
—Unless I ________.
A．invitedB．will be invitedC．was invitingD．am invited
48．（2022·山东青岛·青岛三十九中校考二模）The wrds that we shuld pay attentin t ________ n the blackbard.
A．being writtenB．are writtenC．is writingD．be written
49．（2022·湖北武汉·三模）During the Tang Dynasty nearly everything prduced in the wrld ________ n the streets f Chang’an.
A．is fundB．has been fundC．must be fundD．culd be fund
50．（2022·云南昆明·统考二模）—When did yu take these phts?
—The phts ________ a few days ag in memry f the graduatin.
A．takeB．tkC．was takenD．were taken