【中考一轮复习】2023年中考英语复习学案——第三十四讲 短文填空之选词填空（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份【中考一轮复习】2023年中考英语复习学案——第三十四讲 短文填空之选词填空（原卷版+解析版），文件包含中考一轮复习2023年中考英语复习学案第三十四讲短文填空之选词填空解析版doc、中考一轮复习2023年中考英语复习学案第三十四讲短文填空之选词填空原卷版doc等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共15页， 欢迎下载使用。

考点分析
选词填空是指把一篇文章的关键词语挖空，词序打乱，让学生根据短文内容选择正确的词语填空。此类题型主要是要求学生在正确理解和把握文章的基础上，通过分析行文线索来填写空缺单词，补全短文。
知识梳理
三年中考真题
A
（2020·四川广安·统考中考真题）
painting be see frget bth sing histry art crwd lt
Have yu ever ____1____ Alng the River During the Qingming Festival (《清明上河图》)? Almst everyne has heard f this painting in his ____2____ class. It’s ne f the mst famus ____3____ in China. It was painted by Zhang Zeduan, an ____4____ in the Sng Dynasty. There are ____5____ f shps, restaurants, htels and huses n ____6____ sides f the river, and the rads are ____7____ with peple. Nw yu have the chance t feel like yu're living in the Sng Dynasty. The painting was remade int a 3D versin. It is very beautiful. The peple, animals and ships ____8____ mving in the painting. We can see the river flwing and hear birds ____9____. The 3D painting will be shwn in Shanghai. Dn't ____10____ t see it and feel peple's lives in the Sng Dynasty by yurself.
【答案】
seen 2．histry 3．paintings 4．artist 5．lts
6．bth 7．crwded 8．are 9．singing 10．frget
【分析】本文向我们介绍了《清明上河图》现在有了3D版本，可以身临其境去感受宋代人的生活。
1．句意：你看过《清明上河图》吗？此处需要动词，根据其后宾语“Alng the River During the Qingming Festival (《清明上河图》)?”可知，此处指“看”，用于“have dne”结构中，构成现在完成时，故填seen。
2．句意：几乎每个人都在历史课上听说过这幅画。根据“It’s ne f the mst famus…in China.”和常识可知，《清明上河图》历史上很出名，所以是在历史课上听说过，故填histry。
3．句意：这是中国最著名的画之一。根据“It was painted by Zhang Zeduan”可知，这是一幅画，选择painting，用于“ne f the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构中，故填paintings。
4．句意：这幅画是宋代画家张择端画的。根据“It was painted by Zhang Zeduan, an…in the Sng Dynasty.”和常识可知，张择端是一名画家，此前有an修饰，故填artist。
5．句意：河的两岸有许多商店、餐馆、宾馆和房屋，道路上挤满了人。根据“…f shps, restaurants, htels and huses”可知，此处构成“lts f”短语，意为“许多”，故填lts。
6．句意：河的两岸有许多商店、餐馆、宾馆和房屋，道路上挤满了人。根据“sides f the river”可知，是河的两岸，“bth sides”意为“两边”，故填bth。
7．句意：河的两岸有许多商店、餐馆、宾馆和房屋，道路上挤满了人。根据“…f shps, restaurants, htels and huses”可知，人很多，此处构成“be crwded with”短语，意为“挤满”，故填crwded。
8．句意：人、动物和船在画中移动。根据“mving”可知，此处构成现在进行时，主语“The peple, animals and ships”是复数，故填are。
9．句意：我们可以看到河水流淌，听到鸟儿歌唱。根据“see the river flwing”可知，此处也表示进行动作，“hear sb/sth ding sth”意为“听见……正在……”，故填singing。
10．句意：别忘了亲自去看看，感受一下宋代人们的生活。此处需要动词原形，构成“frget t d sth”短语，意为“忘记……”，故填frget。
B
（2021·四川资阳·统考中考真题）
从方框中选择单词, 并用其正确形式填空,每词限用一次。
keep they a after make leader way stry secretly sick
Fr many Chinese peple, Glden Fishing Hk（钩）is ne f the mst real and mving __11__ f the Lng March（长征）. As __12__ true stry in the histry f the CPC, it has been taught t a great number f students in the cuntry’s schls. In the stry, a grup leader was asked t lk after three __13__ yunger sldiers wh were left behind the main walking trps（部队）. Because there was little fd, the grup leader __14__ a fishing hk with a needle（针）and caught fishes t make sup. T help __15__ get better, he gave all the fish and sup t the yung sldiers and he himself __16__ ate grass and leaves. In the end, the grup __17__ died frm hunger during his __18__ t fishing. The fishing hk was carefully __19__ by the yung sldiers and sent t a memrial（纪念馆）__20__ the revlutin（革命）succeeded.
【答案】
stries 12．a 13．sick 14．made 15．them
16．secretly 17．leader 18．way 19．kept 20．after
【分析】本文主要讲了《金色的鱼钩》中的故事, 它是来自长征的一个真实故事。
11．句意：对于很多中国人来说, 《金色的鱼钩》是长征中最真实感人的故事之一。结合句意和所给词, 判断空格处词意为“故事”，且“ne f”后跟可数名词复数形式, 故填stries。
12．句意：作为中国共产党历史上的一个真实故事, 它已经被教给了这个国家的学校里的大量学生。结合句意和所给词, 判断空格处词意为“一个”,且单词“true”是以辅音发音开头的，用不定冠词“a”, 故填a。
13．句意：在这个故事中, 一个小组长被要求照顾三个生病的年轻士兵, 他们被留在主要步行部队后面。“yunger sldiers”为名词短语, 用形容词修饰, 结合句意和所给词, 判断空格处词意为“生病的”, 故填sick。
14．句意：因为几乎没有食物, 他用一根针做一个鱼钩钓鱼烧汤。结合句意和所给词, 判断空格处词意为“制作”, 根据“was”判断时态为一般过去时, 谓语动词用过去式, 故填made。
15．句意：为了让他们好起来, 他把所有的鱼和汤都给了士兵。结合句意和所给词, 判断空格处词意为“他们”, “help”为动词，其后需用人称代词宾格作宾语, 故填them。
16．句意：为了让他们好起来, 他把所有的鱼和汤都给了士兵, 而他自己偷偷吃草和树叶。结合句意和所给词, 判断空格处词意为“偷偷地”, “ate”为实义动词, 用副词修饰, 故填secretly。
17．句意：最后，组长在去钓鱼的路上死于饥饿。根据上文“Because there was little fd, the grup leader made a fishing hk with a needle（针）and caught fishes t make sup. T help them get better, he gave all the fish and sup t the yung sldiers and he himself secretly ate grass and leaves. ”可知，组长照顾他们, 自己偷偷吃草, 据此判断，组长最后死于饥饿, 故填leader。
18．句意：最后，组长在去钓鱼的路上死于饥饿。“his”为形容词性物主代词, 后跟名词, 结合句意和所给词, 判断空格处词意为“路”,n ne’s way t表“在某人去……路上”，故填way。
19．句意：鱼钩被年轻士兵小心地保存起来。结合句意和所给词, 判断空格处词意为“保存”, “was”后跟动词的过去分词构成被动语态的谓语部分, 故填kept。
20．句意：鱼钩被年轻的士兵们小心地保存着, 并在革命成功之后被送到了纪念馆。结合句意和所给词, 判断空格处词意为“……之后”, 故填after。
C
（2022·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·统考中考真题）
阅读下列短文，用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空。每词限用一次。
friend that he wn thrugh walk accept als happy sell
It tk a lng time fr Oliver t get better after his illness, but the lving hands f Rse, Mrs. Maylie and the dctr, brught Oliver thrugh the hard time in the end.
When Oliver was well enugh ____21____, the dctr ffered t take him t visit the gentleman, Mr. Brwnlw.
“I remember hw highly yu spke f Mr. Brwnlw and hw much yu wished t explain t ____22____ what happened t yu that day yu didn’t return,” said the dctr.
“Oh, sir, that wuld make me s happy!” exclaimed Oliver.
Hwever, when they arrived at Mr. Brwnlw’s huse, they gt a piece f sad news frm ne f his neighbrs.
“Mr. Brwnlw ____23____ all f his things and gne abrad. He is with his servants and a friend nw,” said the neighbr.
This was a terrible disappintment t Oliver. He nt nly wished t clear his name but ____24____ wished t shw the dctr that his stry was true.
Oliver thught up anther man, the bkstre ____25____, wh knew the whle stry. Oliver suggested they g and see him.
“N, Oliver,” said the dctr, “We’ve had enugh disappintment fr ne day. Let’s head back hme.” And s they turned back.
Happily, Oliver’s stry ____26____ as the truth by his new friends cmpletely. And they treated him with as much lve and care as if he was their wn child.
They spent much f the spring in the cuntryside. The peace and quiet were smething ____27____ Oliver had never experienced befre. Here was nthing t fear, n drunk, angry men; n thieves; nly his true ____28____ care and cmpany. In the mrnings, he studied reading and writing with an elderly gentleman wh lived nearby. In the afternns, he walked ____29____ the frest and fields with Rse and listened t her read bks alud. At night, he did his hmewrk, and read passages frm the Bible. And n Sundays he went t church and prayed and sang with his heart.
As a result, this perid became the _____30_____ part f the by’s life s far.
【答案】
t walk 22．him 23．has sld 24．als 25．wner
26．was accepted 27．that 28．friends’ 29．thrugh 30． happiest
【导语】本文节选自《雾都孤儿》，介绍奥利弗的生活。
21．句意：当奥利弗可以走路时，医生提出带他去拜访布朗罗先生。根据“When Oliver was well enugh...”和备选词可知，奥利弗恢复可以走路了，walk“走路”，be+adj+enugh+t d sth“足够……做某事”。故填t walk。
22．句意：“我记得你对布朗罗先生的评价是多么高，你多么想向他解释你没有回来那天发生了什么事，”医生说。此处指“Mr. Brwnlw”，作宾语，用he的宾格him。故填him。
23．句意：布朗罗先生卖掉了他所有的东西，到国外去了。根据“all f his things”可知，卖了所有的东西，结合“gne abrad”可知，此处用现在完成时。故填has sld。
24．句意：他不仅想洗清自己的罪名，还想向医生证明他的故事是真实的。根据“He nt nly wished t clear his name t shw the dctr that his stry was true.”可知，此处是nt als...结构，意为“不仅……而且……”。故填als。
25．句意：奥利弗想到了另一个人，书店老板，他知道整个故事。根据“Oliver thught up anther man, the bkstre...”和备选词可知，此处指店主，wn的名词wner“主人”符合语境，故填wner。
26．句意：令人高兴的是，奥利弗的故事被他的新朋友们完全当成了事实。根据“Oliver’s the truth by his new friends cmpletely”可知，故事被接受了，主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般过去时，主语是单数。故填was accepted。
27．句意：这种平静和安宁是奥利弗从未经历过的。根据“The peace and quiet were had never experienced befre.”可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是smething，用that引导定语从句。故填that。
28．句意：只有真正朋友的关心和陪伴。根据“nly his and cmpany”可知，是真正朋友的关心和陪伴，结合前文“his new friends”可知，此处用名词复数的所有格作定语。故填friends’。
29．句意：下午，他和罗斯一起穿过森林和田野，听她大声读书。根据“he frest”和备选词可知，此处是walk thrugh短语，意为“走路穿过”。故填thrugh。
30．句意：结果，这段时间成了男孩一生中最快乐的一段时间。根据“this perid became f the by’s life s far”和备选词可知，是奥利弗一生中最快乐的一段时间，happy“快乐的”，定冠词修饰形容词最高级。故填happiest。
两年模拟演练
A
（2021·宁夏吴忠·统考二模）
从下面方框中选择恰当的词或短语并用其正确形式填入短文中，使短文通顺正确（每个词或短语只用一次）。
cute，but，lk like，especial，fr a few years，nline，plan t，f，mre，use
Jessica Wng frm Hng Kng uses ld clthes that peple dn’t wear anymre t make bags. She has been ding this ____31____ nw. She pened a small shp where she sells her bags, and she has als set up a website t sell them ____32____. She ____33____ likes t use ld jeans t make handbags. Her bags are ____34____ and useful. “I ____35____ write a bk abut new ways t use ld clthes,” she said. “I hpe peple can read my bk and enjy it!” Wang Ta is knwn fr ____36____ irn and ther materials frm ld cars t make beautiful art pieces. Sme are large pieces that ____37____ animals r humans, and sme are smaller pieces yu can put at hme. The ____38____ ppular wrks can even be seen in art shps arund the city. Wang Ta hpes t set up a “metal art” theme park t shw peple the imprtance ____39____ envirnmental prtectin. Nt nly can the art bring happiness t thers, ____40____ it als shws that even cld, hard irn can be brught back t life with a little creativity.
【答案】
fr a few years 32．nline 33．especially 34．cute 35．plan t
36．using 37．lk like 38．mst 39．f 40．but
【导语】本文介绍了Jessica Wng和王涛利用旧物做出新的作品，向人们展示环境保护的重要性。
31．句意：她做这个已经有几年了。根据“She has been ding ”可知，此处缺时间状语，fr a few years“有几年”，符合语境，故填fr a few years。
32．句意：她开了一家小商店，在那里出售她的包，她还建立了一个网站，在网上出售这些包。根据“and she has als set up a website”可知，建立了网站，所以是网上卖包，nline“在网上”符合语境，故填nline。
33．句意：她特别喜欢用旧牛仔裤做手提包。根据“ t use ld jeans t make handbags.”可知，空处可填入副词，用especially“尤其”修饰动词，故填especially。
34．句意：她的包很可爱也很有用。根据“Her bags useful.”可知，此处需要形容词作表语修饰包，cute“可爱的”符合语境，故填cute。
35．句意：我计划写一本关于旧衣服新用法的书。根据“ a bk abut new ways t use ld clthes”可知，此处需要动词作谓语，plan t d sth“计划做某事”，故填plan t。
36．句意：王涛以用旧汽车的铁和其他材料制作美丽的艺术品而闻名。根据“Wang Ta is knwn and ther materials frm ld cars t make beautiful art pieces.”可知，是用旧汽车的铁和其他材料制作美丽的艺术品，fr是介词，其后加动名词作宾语。故填using。
37．句意：有些是看起来像动物或人类的大碎片，有些是可以放在家里的小碎片。根据“Sme are large pieces r humans”可知，碎片看起来像动物或人类，lk like“看起来像”，故填lk like。
38．句意：最受欢迎的作品甚至可以在城市的艺术商店看到。根据“ wrks can even be seen”可知，此处是形容词最高级，故填mst。
39．句意：王涛希望建立一个“金属艺术”主题公园，向人们展示环境保护的重要性。the imprtance f...“……的重要性”，故填f。
40．句意：这种艺术不仅可以给别人带来快乐，而且它还表明，即使是冰冷、坚硬的铁，只要有一点创造力，也可以恢复生命。根据“Nt nly can the art bring happiness t thers, als shws”可知，此处是nt als...结构，意为“不仅……而且……”，故填but。
B
（2022·河南商丘·校考三模）
invite talk never he fr many late sit finally stry
Mark Twain, a famus American writer and great master f humr, liked t play jkes n thers. But nce smene played a jke n ____41____.One day Mark Twain was ____42____ t give a talk in a small twn. At lunch he met a yung man, ne f his friends. The yung man said that he had an uncle with him. He tld Mark Twain that his uncle ____43____ laughed r smiled, and that nbdy was able t make his uncle smile r laugh. “Yu bring yur uncle t my ____44____ tnight,” said Mark Twain. “I’m sure I can make him laugh.” That evening the yung man and his uncle ____45____ in the frnt. Mark Twain began t speak. He tld several funny ____46____ that made everyne in the rm laugh. But the man never smiled. Mark Twain tld even ____47____ funny stries, but the ld man sill kept quiet. Mark Twain cntinued t tell his funny stries. ____48____ he stpped. He was tired and quite disappinted. Sme days ____49____, Mark Twain tld anther friend f his abut what had happened. “Oh,” said his friend. “I knw that ld man. He’s been deaf _____50_____ years.”
【答案】
him 42．invited 43．never 44．talk 45．sat
46．stries 47．mre 48．Finally 49．later 50．fr
【导语】本文讲述了马克·吐温以为自己能逗乐一个从来不笑的老人，失败后告知朋友才发现老人是聋子的故事。
41．句意：但有一次有人开他的玩笑。介词n后接人称代词的宾格。备选词汇he的宾格him符合语境。故填him。
42．句意：一天，马克·吐温应邀在一个小镇上演讲。根据“t give a talk in a small twn”可知，他被邀请到一个小镇上做演讲，根据空格前的was，可知此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：was+过去分词。备选词汇invite的过去分词invited符合语境。故填invited。
43．句意：他告诉马克·吐温，他的叔叔从来不笑，也没有人能让他的叔叔笑。根据“nbdy was able t make his uncle smile r laugh.”可知，没人能让他的叔叔笑，说明他从来不笑，应用否定词来表示否定。备选词汇never符合语境。故填never。
44．句意：马克·吐温说：“你今晚带你叔叔来参加我的演讲。”。根据上文可知马克·吐温要在小镇上做演讲。备选词汇talk符合语境。故填talk。
45．句意：那天晚上，那个年轻人和他的叔叔坐在前排。分析句子结构，可知此处应填入谓语动词，句子应用一般过去时。根据“in the frnt”可知备选词汇sit的过去式sat符合语境。故填sat。
46．句意：他讲了几个有趣的故事，让房间里的人都笑了。several后接复数名词。根据“tld”可知备选词汇stry的复数形式stries符合语境。故填stries。
47．句意：马克·吐温讲了更多有趣的故事，但老人仍然保持沉默。even修饰比较级，备选词汇many的比较级mre可用来修饰名词短语funny stries。故填mre。
48．句意：最后，他停下来。根据“he stpped”可知，他停下来，说明是最后发生的事情。备选词汇finally符合语境，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Finally。
49．句意：过了一些日子，马克·吐温告诉他的一个朋友所发生的事情。根据“Sme days”可知是过了一些日子，应用备选词汇late的比较级later。故填later。
50．句意：他已经聋了好几年了。根据“He’s been”可知句子采用现在完成时，名词years表示一段时间，因此其前应用备选词汇fr。故填fr。
短文填词答题技巧口诀
空前空后要注意， 名词单复要牢记。要有’s不能弃。
动词注意要变形， ＂皇帝＂、＂大臣＂要分清。
形、副注意要用三级， 副词用法要谨记。
要用数词请留意， 千万别忘＂基＂和＂序＂。
填入代词需慎重， 五格变化记心中。