牛津译林版8B Unit1 知识点合集 十分详细，并配有课后练习，可直接打印使用

Comic stripe
重点词汇讲解
1. Past and present 过去和现在
.past n.过去 in the past在过去 People _______________ (live) a hard life in the past.
‚ past adj. 刚过去的，昔日的， in/over/during the past /last few years 在过去的几年中， 常用于现在完成时
例：He __________ ___________(visit) many foreign countries in the past few years.
ƒ past prep. 过， half past ten 十点半
Our car was ________________ (驶过)the Tian'anmen Square when it broke down.
④past adv. 经过 go/walk/run/ride/drive/swim past sp.=pass sp.
A woman saw it happen when she walked ______（经过）
present
.n.目前，现在 now = at ____________ n. 礼物 =gift
译： 他现在忙。 He __________ ____________ at present.
‚ adj.出席的 be present at the meeting 出席会议
ƒ v.呈现, 赠送，给予 present sb.with sth.
2. You've changed, Eddie. You used to share food with me!你变了，艾迪。你过去常常和我一起分享食物。
☆used to do sth (过去常常做某事)，表示过去经常性，反复性或习惯性动作和状态，暗含“过去经常这样做，但现在却不这样了” 例： My grandfather used to be a Chinese teacher. 我爷爷过去是一名语文老师。
☆否定形式：used not to +v.或 didn't use to +v.
☆疑问形式：used sb to+v.? ----Yes, sb used. /No, sb usedn't. 或 Did sb.use to +v.?---Yes, sb did./ No, sb didn't.
例1：My grandfather used to be a Chinese teacher. （改为否定和疑问）
___________________________________________________=______________________________________________
___________________________________________________=______________________________________________
例2：He used to___________(be) a history teacher, but now he is a geography teacher.
I used not to like roller-skating.= I _________ _________ to like roller-skating.
There used to be a library, _______________?/ __________________? (改为反义疑问句)
扩展：☆be used to do sth （被用来做某事） ☆ get/be used to doing sth (习惯于做某事)
EX:
①---How is your grandma ?
---She is fine. She used to ________ TV at home after supper. But now she is used to _____ out for a walk.
A. watch, go B. watching, go C. watching, going D. watch, going
②Tom used to live in London and now he ______ in Shanghai.
A. used to live B. is used to live C. is used to living D. is used for living
③( )She ________ live alone. But she _________ living alone because she feels lonely.
A. used to , doesn't used to B .is used to , was used to
B. used to , is not used to D. was used to , doesn't used to

Reading
1. I've live here since I was born. 自从我出生以后，我就住在这儿。
since prep.自…以来Since后接点时间，如since 1978,since 2 days ago, since last year(谓语动词用现在完成时）
1).We _________________ (live) here since 1978.
2).Our city has __________________(改变) since 10 years ago.
‚since conj. 引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时或一般现在时
1).We __________ never___________( see) each other since he ___________(leave) here.
2).It ___________ (be) two years since we ____________ (come) to this school
ƒsince conj. 既然，由于， 引导原因状语从句，通常置于句首，指双方都知道的原因
S______________everyone is here, let's begin our meeting.
2.I first lived in the northern part of town with my parents. 起初，我和父母一起住在城镇的北部。
☆in the northern part of China= in northern China = in the south of China
3. When I got married in 1965... 当我1965 年结婚的时候......
married get married 意为“结婚”强调结婚的动作， be/get married to... 和某人结婚
marry marry sb= get married to sb 和某人结婚
译：_______ _______ man 一个未婚的人/They __________ _________(结婚) last year.
Mary _________ ___________ __________（和...结婚）Jack last Sunday.
3. Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park. 现在，政府已把镇中心的一部分变成一座新公园。
☆.turn…into … = change…into…把……变成…… 译：把小卧室改成可爱的书房____________________________
1) 变成 turn into或change into 变成.... Bad beginnings may turn into good endings.
译：他的儿子已经成为一名大学生________________________________________________
例：( ) Please ________these sentences ________English.
A. turn; into B. turn; on C. turn; down D. turn; off
2)turn构成的以下短语
turn on开 turn off关 turn up调高（指音量） turn down调低（指音量）
turn around转身 by turns轮流,交替 in turn依次;轮流 turn in交出;上交
take one's turn依次;轮流 It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
4. They often put the waste into the river. 他们经常把废物排进河里。
 waste n(u). 废弃物，垃圾，浪费
译：把废弃物扔进附近的河里 _________ waste ________the river _________
时间/金钱的浪费 _________ __________ _________ time/money
‚ v. 浪费 waste ...on sth / waste ...(in)doing sth
We should save water instead of __________(waste) it.
Don’t waste time ____________(play) games.
ƒ adj. 无法利用的，废弃的 waste land , waste paper
5. Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation. 后来政府意识到这个问题，并采取行动来改善这个情况。
realize
1) 认识到，明白，意识到, realize sth , realize that/wh-疑问词
1. He has __________(realize) his mistakes/ what I mean.
2. The villagers______________(not realize) how serious the pollution was until all the fish in the river died.
译；realize one’s dream ________________________
2) 忆：采取行动做某事___________________________
improve improve the living standard 提高生活质量
situation The economic situation is now different. 现在经济情势不同了。
6. Well, in some ways it is. 嗯，在某些方面更好了。
in some ways 在某种程度上，在某些方面,位于句首或句末
译：它说的在某种程度上是正确的。 _______________________________________________________________
在某些方面，她看起来像她的妈妈。____________________________________________________________
7. Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time. 现在我时不时的感到孤独。
1）alone adj. adv. 单独，独自,强调动作行为
He is _____________ at home. He stayed at home _____________.
2）lonely adj. (1)孤独的，寂寞的, 强调情感 (2)荒凉的
a ___________ person, feel _____________, live in a ____________ village
3）a bit +adj./ adv. = a little + adj. / adv.有点...
a little + 不可数名词. = a bit of +不可数名词
例：① It is ________ cold these days and many of us have caught ________ cold.
A. a bit; a bit B. a bit; a bit of C. a bit of; a bit D. a bit of; a bit of
②( )I find the watch expensive.
A. much more B. very C. a little D. too
③( )---Can you speak English, Mr Wang ?---Yes, but only _________.
A. little B. a little C. a lot D. a bit of
Grammar
1.现在完成时的含义
A. 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。
常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。
如：Mike borrowed the book two days ago. (两天前借了书，但是现在有没有还不知道)
Mike has kept the book for two days. (借了这本书两天，这本书还在麦克那里)
He has taught here since 1981 （可能还要继续教）
I haven't seen her for four years. （我已经四年没有见过她了。）
B．表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。
如： She has gone.(她走了，这里可看出”走“的动作时过去发生的，而对现在造成的结果她不在这里了。)
We are good friends. (现在的情况）
I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作）
We have known each other since 1997.（现在完成时把过去动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）

2. 现在完成时的构成
　（一）肯定式 主语＋助动词have ／has ＋过去分词＋其它
例：1．I've just copied all the new words ．我刚抄写了所有的生词。 (表示不要再抄了)
（二）否定式
主语＋助动词have ／has＋not＋过去分词＋其它
1）I haven't finished my homework yet．我还没有完成我的作业。
注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。又如：
2）I have never seen him before．以前我从来没有见过他。
（三）一般疑问式
助动词Have ／Has ＋主语＋过去分词＋其它 ？
例： 1）—Have you ever made dumplings ？你曾经做过饺子吗？—Yes ，I have ．是的，我做过。
注意：当句中有否定词not ，hardly（几乎不），never的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。例如：You have never come to our school ，have you ？你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗？

3.动词过去分词的构成方法
A．规则变化。规则变化与过去式相同。
a．通常加-ed，如：visited，finished。
b．以不发音的e结尾的直接加d，如：lived，moved。
c．重读闭音节的双写最后一个辅音加-ed，如：travelled，planned。
d．以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把y变为i再加ed，如：studied，cried。
B．不规则变化。（需逐一记忆）

4.与现在完成时连用的时间状语
a.用副词already和yet
already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 yet用于疑问句，表示“已经”；用于否定句，表示“还”。
如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。
Have you finished your homework yet? 你已经完成你的家庭作业了吗？
b. 用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。
如：---Have you ever been to the Great Wall? ---I have never been to the Great Wall.
c. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如recently, just, before, up to now, the past few years等
I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.
He has been there three times the last few days.
I haven't eaten Guangdong food before．我以前没吃过广东菜。

d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等。
如：--Have you met him today? -No, I haven't.
How many times have you been there this year?

5.现在完成时的句型
a．It is the first / second/… time that+从句（从句用现在完成时）
It is the first time that she has visited the city. 这是她第一次参观这座城市。
译：这是我第三次看这部电影。___________________________________________________________________
b. This is the +形容词最高级+名词 that +从句（从句用现在完成时）
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我曾看过的最好电影。
I must say that it's the best model I have ever seen. 这是我玩过的最有趣的游戏。
c. It's +一段时间+since从句(或It has been +一段时间+since从句)自从某事发生已有一段时间了.
It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army.
It's over twenty years since we last met.
It's a long time since our last vacation.
It's a long time since we _____________ (meet) last, isn't it?

6.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时与一般过去时都表示“动作已经发生”，但不同点在于：
现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，即对现在产生的结果、影响等，
而一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。
He has learned French for three years.他学法语已经三年了。
He learned French for three years.他曾经学过三年法语。
Who has taken my bag? I couldn't find it.谁拿走了我的包？我找不到了？
He cleaned the house yesterday.他昨天打扫过房间。
The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already.房间很干净，因为他已经打扫过了。
现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间副词连用，而一般过去时则可以。
He has done some washing.
He did some washing yesterday. 他昨天洗衣服了。
EX:
1.Look, the floor is so clean . Who ____________ (sweep) it?
Li Ming _______ (sweep) the floor yesterday afternoon.
3.Jim (make) many friends since he (come) to China.
4.He ___ ___ already __ ____(write) a letter to the factory to ask them to stop making noise.
5.He ________ (try) many ways to restart the computer, but it doesn't work.
6.He ________ (try) his best to swim across the river, but failed.
7.It is the second time that I (see) the film. "Titanic".
8.It is the best works of art that she _ __(create).
9.They (know) each other for about ten years.
10.—When ___ ___ she __ ____(leave)? —Two hours ago.
11. — you (see) the film before? —Yes, I .
—Where you (see) it? —At The Queen's Cinema.







Integrated skills
1. Starlight Town has changed a lot over the years.星光镇在过去几年中变化很大。
1)=There have been great changes in Starlight Town. =Great changes have taken place in Starlight Town.
1）  change vt. 变化，改变 e.g. Where did you change your plane？
‚ change cn. 变化，改变 e.g. Great changes have taken place since 1976.
ƒchange un. 零钱 Here is your change.
2) over the years “历年；多年来；多年以来” 相当于during the years，常与现在完成时连用.
在过去的五年里 over/during/in the last/past five years.
例：This village ___________ (not change) over the years.
2. I hope I can visit it again.我希望我能再次参观它。
hope I hope you'll be better soon.
hope Where there is life, there is hope.有生命就有希望。
☆在简略句中，hope与so连用表示肯定，与not连用表示否定。
例：---I hope to have a new MP4. ---I hope so.
辨析hope & wish
EX:
①---Bad weather ! Do you think the rain will stop soon? ---___________. I want to play baseball outside.
A. I hope so B.I don't mind C. No problem D. Not at all
3. We mainly communicate by email. 我们主要通过电子邮件交流。
① communicate eg：　The little boy can’t communicate his ideas clearly.
② communicate eg: communicate with sb eg: He had no way to communicate with his brother.
③ communication
4. The Internet makes communications much easier. 因特网让交流变得非常容易。
☆ make sth+adj. 此时形容词作宾补
例：You should make your speech easy to understand. 你应该让你的演讲容易听懂。

Study skills
1. A river runs through the center of town.一条河横穿镇中心。
辨析：across & through
1)across横穿，与十字路口形成十字，而through指在立体空间中的穿过。
go through the forest 穿过森林 go across the street 穿过大街
2)through表示贯通，直穿，透过，穿过，即从一边贯穿到另一边。
The river runs through our city.
3)across 表示横穿，横过，横渡，横跨
I swam across the Changjiang River 20 years ago.
EX:
①( )The Xiamen-Shenzhen high speed railroad will run ________ eight cities.
A. across B. through C. over D. cross
②他穿过了大厅。He passed ____________ the hall.
③过马路前要左右看。 Look left and right before you go ________ the street.









课后练习
一、词汇运用
1. Stop! It's ___________(correct) to throw litter everywhere.
2. Many old people often feel ___________(alone) because their children do not live with them.
3. Protecting our _____________(环境) is the most important thing that we must do.
4. Do you believe the (最近的) news about the traffic accident? Have you ever been to Hong Kong __________(最近的)?
5. He lives _____________(独自), so he often feels ____________(寂寞).
6. What are they doing at___________(现在)? They are ___________(采访) Mr. Green.
7. Their ___________(妻子) are standing there and chatting with each other.
8. You can’t dump ___________(废弃物) into the river, or it will be ___________(污染).
9. Finally, he ____________(意识到) that he failed in the exam.
10. There is something wrong with your computer, it needed to be ___________(修理).
11. When did you get ______________(marry)?

二、单项选择（1）(完成时练习)
( )1.We can’t find him anywhere. Perhaps he _________ home.
A. is going B. went C. has gone D. would go
( )2.---Have you finished your homework _________? ---No, I haven't finished it ________.
A. till; yet B. yet; already C. yet; yet D. already; already
( )3.He's never been to Japan,___________?
A. is he B. has he C. isn't he D. hasn't he
( )4.---_________ my book? ---Yes, I saw it on the desk a minute ago.
A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. Have you seen
( )5.---Where is Tom? ---He _________ for America. He will stay there for a week.
A. had left B. has left C. left D. will leave
( )6.---__________ have you visited Nanjing? ---Three times.
A. How many times B. How often
C. How long D. How soon
( )7.The old man has lived in the country __________ thirty years ago.
A. while B. for C. when D. since
( )8.---_______ has he been like this? ---Ever since last week.
A. How long B. When C. How often D. How much
( )9.---Isn't Miss Lu in the office? ---No, she isn't. She ______ for two hours.
A. was out B. went out C. has been out D. has gone out
( )10.---Is your grandfather an English teacher---He ___________be.
A. used to B. happened to C. tried to D. had to
( )11.---Where is our principal? ---He _________ to Hong Kong for a meeting.
A. goes B. went C. will go D. has gone
( )12.---Why didn't you see the newest Harry Potter movie? ---Because I _______ it.
A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see
( )13.---________ Tom _________ here just now? ---No, I haven't seen him since yesterday afternoon.
A. Has; come B. Did; come C. Has; been D .Does; come
( )14.What a wonderful model plane! It's ________ one that I ________.
A. the best; have ever seen B. the best; ever saw
C. good; have ever seen D. good; ever saw
( )15.Jim knows little about Canada. He's never been there,_______?
A. isn't he B. has he C. is he D. hasn't he

( )16.---Have they finished the work? ---_______.But I think they will finish it soon.
A. Not yet B. Ever since C. They have D. Later on
( )17.Mr Chen ________ Beijing for ten years, so he knows the city very well.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. went to
( )18.It's more than ten years since I _______ a teacher.
A. become B. have become C. became D. becomes
( )19.We all know that China has changed a lot________ the past ________ years.
A. in; few B. on; a few C. over; a few D. in; a few
( )20.She has practiced dancing _________ about two hours today.
A.for B. since C. yet D. already

单项选择（2）
( )1. She _________ a rich man recently.
A. has married to B. has married C. has got married to D. B and C
( )2. Do you know President Xi Jinping ____________ ?
A. very much B. very good C. very well D. a lot
( )3. My brother _________________ basketball on Friday afternoon.
A. used to play B. used to playing C. is used to play D. be used to playing
( )4. Nothing is ___________ if you put your heart into it.
A. possible B. unpossible C. inpossible D. impossible
( )5.My sister was doing her homework while I was walking _________ her.
Ten years __________ since I left Taizhou.
A. past, has past B. pass, has passed C. past, has passed D. past, have passed
( )6.In fact, I have already been __________ him for two years.
A. married with B. marry with C. married to D. marry
( )7. I have learned three English songs ________ I came to this school.
A. since B. before C. when D. until
( ) 8 He used to be late for school, __________ __________?
A. didn’t he B. usedn’t he C. did he D. A and B
( ) 9. They got married __________1960. That means they have been married _______1960.
A. at ; since B. on ; in C. in ; since D. for ; since
( )10. ---I have __________finished my homework. What about you?----I finished it_____.
A just ; just now B. just now ; just now C. just ; just D. just now ; just
( )11. He used to________in a small village，but now he has been used to _____in a big city．
A．1ive；living B．1ive；live C．1iving；living D．1iving；live
( ) 12. I used to play _________ cards and ________ violin.
A. the ; the B. the ; \ C. \ ; the D. \ ; \
( ) 13. The old man lives ____ in a _____ house, but he doesn’t feel_____.
A. alone, alone, lonely B. lonely, lonely, alone
C. alone, lonely, lonely D. alone, lonely, alone
( ) 14. Lily’s grandpa has lived here ________.
A. 10 years ago B. almost 10 years C. since 1994 D. for long time
( ) 15. ---When did you study in France? --- _______________.
A. Two years ago B. For two years C. In two years D. After two years
( ) 17. Great changes ___________ in our hometown.
A. has happened B. has taken place C. have taken place D. have been happened
( ) 18. Wu Tingting has ________ turned in her exercise paper.
A. just B. just now C. yet D. now

( ) 19. Many college students ________ for further study at present.
A. go to abroad B. go abroad C. go to aboard D. go aboard
( ) 20. Yao Ming has _________ Shanghai from the NBA .
A. returned to B. returned C. came back to D. returned back to
( ) 21. Today I borrowed a book _____ Tom and lent a book ______ him.
A. to ; from B. to ; to C. from ; from D. from ; to
( ) 23. Many people _______ a bus to the street in the past.
A. has taken B. will take C. took D. by
( ) 24. More and more people mainly communicate _______.
A. on email B. by email C. in the Internet D. through email
( ) 25. The Internet makes communication _________.
A. easily B. easy C. very easier D. more easily
( ) 26.We haven’t seen each other __________ three years ago.
A. for B. already C. until D. since

三、动词填空
1. No student ____________(make ) such great progress as Jack in the past three years.
2. The bridge ____________(be) in use for more than a month.
3. Many changes ___________ (take place) in our daily life since the invention of the computer.
4. ________ you ever ________ (make) a ship ?
5. Things ___________ (change) a lot over the years.
6. It is nice ___________ (have) a pretty garden.
7. Tom can’t get into the room because he _________（lose）the key to the door.
8. They can’t go with us. They ____________（finish, not）the work yet.
9. How lucky we are____________ (1ive)in this modern city! Everything is fast．
10. Tom gets used to____________ (walk)to school every day．
11. Things____________ (change)a lot during the past few years．
12. The little boy used to____________ (cry) when he was a baby.
13. ---The Internet makes the world become smaller．---____________ (exact).

四、根据中文完成句子
1. 这儿已经变成一个新的公园，多漂亮啊！
The place has turned into a new garden already. How beautiful!
2. 快速适应生活中的变化并非易事。
It’s not easy to get used to the changes of life quickly.
3. 他们不能像以前那样下中国象棋。
They can't play Chinese chess as before.
4. 我得说这是我见过的最好的模型。
I must say that is the best model that I have ever seen.\
5. 他们自早上开始为这工作面试了二十人。
They have interviewed twenty people for this job since this morning.
6. 我们已经很长时间没见面了，但我们时不时地通邮件。
We haven’t seen each other for a long time,but we send e-mails from time to time.






四、完形填空
One day in September we were doing some repairing on my parents’ old house to get it ready for my youngest daughter’s wedding. We had to 1 a great climbing plant that had grown 2 a roof beam（房梁），so that we could repair the roof and 3 the walls.
When my husband was taking the plant away, he found a nest (鸟巢) of a blackbird that had made its home in the leaves. He then 4 something 5 among that mass of earth and straw（稻草）of the nest. He broke the earth around it into pieces with his finger tips and, to his 6 ,saw glittering (闪闪发光) gold. It was a child’s bracelet（手镯）. He ran into the house to show me.
“You won’t believe that the blackbirds not only steal the best fruit we 7 to feed on,” he said, “but they also want their children to 8 in a cradle（摇篮）of gold!”
When my daughter came over on the eve of the 9 ,we told her about this 10__ thing.
“Don’t you remember, Mother?” she said with a loud laugh. “When I was eight, you gave me a bracelet that I 11 a few days later while out playing in the yard? It was this one!”
As the bracelet no longer 12 its owner and was dirty, I decided to take it into my safekeeping (保管箱).
In December of the following year, the young couple’s baby son was baptized（受洗礼）.Among the 13 the newborn baby received, I placed his mother’s bracelet, now shining like 14 . I hope that if my grandson ever loses it, one of the 15 that live in my backyard is somewhere nearby.
1. A. remove B. cover C. grow D. water
2. A. beyond B. from C. across D. through
3. A. build B. paint C. sweep D. print
4. A. moved B. got C. picked D. noticed
5. A. nice B. colorful C. shiny D. special
6. A. horror B. surprise C. calm D. sad
7. A. buy B. plant C. store D. collect
8. A. lie B. sing C. listen D. wait
9. A. party B. Christmas C. birthday D. wedding
10. A. important B. strange C. terrible D. funny
11. A. hid B. threw C. lost D. broke
12. A. fitted B. satisfied C. matched D. interested
13. A. jewellery B. toys C. clothes D. presents
14. A. attractive B. new C. modern D. golden
15. A. blackbirds B. grandchildren C. neighbors D. mice

















五、阅读理解
Coffee has played an important role in people's lives for thousands of years, and today coffee is grown and enjoyed worldwide, it is still one of the favorite drinks in the world. Many people in the world begin their busy day by drinking a cup of coffee or several cups of coffee. They have always said that a cup of coffee in the morning helps them begin their day in the right way.
Do you know what in the coffee makes our bodies and brains (头脑)active? It is caffeine (咖啡因). Caffeine may increase a person's mental and physical abilities (精力和体力). For example, two cups of coffee will make you breath (呼吸) faster and augment body temperature. All this makes your heart beat faster, and doctors warn that this may be a little dangerous.
Caffeine is found in tea, coffee, chocolate and some other foods. A little caffeine is probably not harmful. But too much caffeine can make people nervous and sleepless.
( ) 1. “A cup of coffee in the morning helps them begin their day in the right way.” What does it mean ?
A cup of coffee helps them do the right job.
A cup of coffee helps them act in the right way the whole morning.
A cup of coffee makes their work more interesting.
A cup of coffee makes them full of spirit for the work the whole day.
( ) 2. The underlined word “augment ” means __________________.
A. make more B. drink C. stop D. make less
( ) 3.Coffee is found in ____________________________________.
A. tea and water B. chocolate, meat and some other foods
C. coffee and cream D. coffee, tea, chocolate and some other foods
( ) 4. From the passage, we may know drinking coffee late at night might ___________.
A. give you a headache B. make you fall asleep
C. keep you awake D. may be dangerous
( ) 5. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. People have used coffee since thousands of years ago.
B. Caffeine does no harm to our body.
C. Two cups of coffee will make you breathe faster and increase body temperature.
D. Caffeine may increase man's mental and physical abilities.