2022-2023 英语外研版新中考精讲精练 考点15宾语从句

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考点15宾语从句考点总结考点01: 宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesn’ t know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I don’ t know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是＂是否＂。I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.考点02: 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。1. 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。He is an honest boy. The teacher said. → The teacher said(that) he was an honest boy.2. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。Does he work hard? I wonder. → I wonder if/whether he works hard.考点03: 宾语从句主句与从句时态一致的问题。1. 如果主句是现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。2. 如果主句是过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。3. 如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。that引导的宾语从句that 是宾语从句的一个引导词，放在主句和从句之间。它引导的宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，故从句的语序不变。在that 引导的宾语从句中，that 作连接代词，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中通常可以省略。一、that 引导的宾语从句的用法1. 位置：that 引导的宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）、介词或形容词之后。①作及物动词，如：say，think，tell，know，hear，see，hope，wish，remember，forget等的宾语。如：　She says that she will help me learn English this evening. 她说今天晚上她会帮我学英语。②作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except，but，in之后。如：He is a good boy except that he is careless. 他是一个好男孩，只是有点儿粗心。③作＂be + 形容词＂结构的宾语。某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，如：sure，glad，certain，pleased，sorry，happy，afraid等，连词that可省略。如：I’ m happy (that) I passed the exam. 我很高兴我通过了考试。2. 时态：主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据具体情况选用适当的时态；主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须用过去的某种时态。试比较： He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。 He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible. 他说他想尽快见到他。 【特别提醒】 当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句的内容表示的是客观真理、事实、科学原理、自然现象、名言警句、格言、谚语等时，此时宾语从句用一般现在时，这些情况下不受主句时态的限制。如：The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。               3. 引导词that可以省略的几种情况：引导宾语从句的连词that通常可以省略：She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。I promise you (that) I will be there. 我答应你我会去的。I hoped (that) I would / should succeed. 我曾希望我会成功。He thinks (that) they will give him a visa. 他想他们会给他签证。He thought (that) they would give him a visa. 他本想他们会给他签证。I expect (that) the plane will be diverted. 我料想飞机会改变航线。I expected (that) the plane would be diverted. 我本料想飞机会改变航线。Everybody knows (that) money doesn’ t grow on trees. 众所周知，金钱是不会从树上长出来的。I suggested (that) they should / shouldn’ t drive along the coast. 我建议他们沿着 / 不要沿着海岸开车。【注意】有时为了强调，that引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此时that不可省略：That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。4. 引导词that不能省略的几种情况：that在引导宾语从句时，并不是在任何情况下都可以省略，在以下几种情况下，that不能省略。①从句的主语是that时，that不能省略；We know that is an interesting film. 我们知道那是一部有趣的电影。②and连接的两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如：He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 他告诉我他们决定不了去做什么并且问了我的意见。③that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如：I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。5. 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：We thought it strange that Xiao Zhang did not come yesterday. 小张昨天没来，我们觉得很奇怪。6. 宾语从句的否定转移。在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。7. 如果宾语从句中含有否定意义的副词或形容词。如：hardly，never，seldom，no，few，little等，其反意疑问句要用肯定形式。如：We find that he seldom goes to visit his mother, does he? 我们发现他不常看望他的妈妈，是吗？8. that引导的宾语从句变成被动语态时，只变主句，不变从句。实际上，我们经常把It is said that ...（据说……）；It is known that ...（众所周知……）；It is reported that ...（据报告……）等当作固定句式来运用。如：It is said that he is from Canada. 据说他来自加拿大。疑问词引导的宾语从句特殊疑问句作宾语从句时，由疑问词 when, who, what, where, whatever, how，which, why等引导。宾语从句的词序一律用陈述句的词序，即＂主语+谓语＂词序。①带有系动词be（is，am，are，was,were)的特殊疑问句。主句宾语从句Do you knowhow old Liz is? 你知道兹几岁吗?I knowhow old Liz is. 我知道莉兹几岁。I don’ t knowhow old Liz is. 我不知道莉兹几岁。宾语从句＂how old Liz is＂是主句动词know的宾语。how在从句中作副词。注意从句的顺序，主语在动词前（Liz is)。②带有（情态）助动词is/am/are/have/has/can/should等的特殊疑问句When is Ann going to lran? 安什么时候去伊朗？→ Do you know when Ann is going to lran? 你知道安什么时候去伊朗吗？→ I don’ t know when Ann is going to lran. 我不知道安什么时候去伊朗。What should I do? 我该怎么办？→ Can you tell me what I should do? 你能告诉我，我该怎么办吗？→ Please tell me what I should do. 请告诉我，我该怎么办。Where has Ron gone? 朗去了哪里？→ Do you know where Ron has gone? 你知道朗去了哪里吗？→ I don’ t know where Ron has gone. 我不知道朗去了哪里。③带有助动词do/does/did的特殊疑问句。Where did I put my wedding ring? 我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了？→ Do you know where I put my wedding ring? 你知道我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了吗？→ I don’ t remember where I put my wedding ring. 我不记得我把我的结婚戒指放在哪里了。What does Sue think about Lulu? 苏对露露的看法是什么？→ Do you know what Sue thinks about Lulu? 你知道苏对露露的看法是什么吗？→ I know what Sue thinks about Lulu. 我知道苏对露露的看法是什么。注意：（1）由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子：How much does this coat cost? → I want to know how much this coat costs.  Where did you go yesterday? → Please tell me where you went yesterday. （2）当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。 What’ s wrong with you? 怎么了？ → He asked the girl what was wrong with her.What’ s the matter? 怎么了？→ He asked the girl what was the matter. What has happened to him?→ We want to know what has happened to him. if/whether引导的宾语从句当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if或whether引导宾语从句，if/whether意为＂是否＂。说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在see，ask，say，learn，tell，wonder，doubt，find out，be uncertain /doubtful / be not known 等后，二者通常可以互换。口语中多用if代替whether。在非正式的写作中，可以使用if 或 whether 两个词来表达不定性，两者都算标准。I wonder if/whether he is a driver. 我想知道他是不是个司机。Alice wants to know if/whether she has passed the exam. 爱丽丝想知道她是否考试及格了。Lily asked if/whether she liked it. 莉莉问她是否喜欢它。    I want to know if (whether) he lives there. 我想知道他是否住在这儿。   He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 他问我是否可以帮助他。【拓展】一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if， 而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether。1. 与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether，不用if。I don’ t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。I don’ t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong. Let me know whether you can come or not.I don’ t know whether he will win or not. I will write to you whether or not I can come / whether I can come or not.2. 在动词不定式之前只能用whether。He dosen’ t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。 Whether to go or stay is still a question. I’ m not sure whether to stay or leave.  I didn’ t know whether to laugh or to cry.3. 在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，而If则不能。It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。Success depends on whether we make enough effort.  I haven’ t settled the question of whether I’ ll go back home. It depends on whether the letter arrives in time.I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.4. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。Whether this is true, I can’ t say. Whether he is single, I don’ t know.Whether this is true, I can’ t say. Whether he is single, I don’ t know.5. 在某些动词（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。We discussed whether we should close the shop. （虚拟语气） We discussed whether we should go there by plane.（虚拟语气） We discussed whether we should hold a meeting. （虚拟语气） 6. 在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether。He asked me if I hadn’ t finished my work.   注意：doubt否定句用that引导。因为don’ t  doubt 意为相信，不怀疑，if是否表示疑虑。真题演练一．选择题（共10小题）1．（2021•青岛）﹣﹣﹣I wonder _______.﹣﹣﹣Why not？（　　）A．that you'd like to come with us B．whether you'd like to come with us C．when would you like to come with us D．how would you like to come with us2．（2021•济南）一Excuse me.Do you know             ？一Yes.You can go to Furong Street.（　　）A．where I can get some local snacks B．where does the boy come from C．when can we travel to Hong Kong D．when did Jimmy come to Jinan3．（2021•北京）—Could you please tell me_________？—Next Thursday morning.（　　）A．when we visited the Capital Museum B．when did we visit the Capital Museum C．when we will visit the Capital Museum D．when will we visit the Capital Museum4．（2021•滨州）— Did you have a good time in Shanghai？— Yes，come and look.My photos will show you _______________.A．how did we go there B．where we will go C．when did we meet D．what the trip was like5．（2021•巴中）﹣Do you know_____？﹣In Stratford，England．（　　）A．where Shakespeare was born B．when Shakespeare finished school C．how many plays Shakespeare wrote D．why Shakespeare's works are popular6．（2020•东营一模）﹣I am wondering______．﹣Whatever the result is，don't be too hard on yourself．（　　）A．why I can pass the test B．when I have prepared for the test C．if I can get high marks in the test D．that I am getting ready for the test these days7．（2020•天桥区一模）﹣Ben， can you imagine ________？﹣Perhaps everything will be free．（　　）A．how the weather will be B．when will kids go to school C．What life will be like D．where will people live8．（2020•日照）My friend asked me          this 5 G mobile phone．（　　）A．where I bought B．where did I buy C．where I buy D．where do I buy9．（2020•东营）﹣﹣﹣I wonder_______________．﹣﹣﹣Well， I think Qingfeng Lake Park is a good choice．（　　）A．what I shall sell at my street stall（货摊） B．whom I could open a street stall with C．if I can open a street stall after work D．which is the best place for a street stall10．（2021•无棣县一模）—What did the teacher say to you？—He asked me ________.A．why I look unhappy then B．when did I go home last night C．how could I solve the problem D．if I got everything ready