2022-2023 英语外研版新中考精讲精练 考点13动词语态

考点13动词语态

考点总结

考点01 动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词的执行者；被动语态表示主语是谓语动词的承受者。

Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876.

亚历山大?贝尔于1876年发明了电话。

（Alexander Bell是谓语动词的执行者，此句是主动语态）

A new bridge is built.

人们在建造一座新桥。

（A new bridge 是谓语动词的承受对象，此句是被动语态）

考点02 被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。

Great progress was made by me.

我取得了巨大的进步。

考点03 常见时态的被动语态：

1）一般现在时被动语态：be (am,is are) done

2）一般过去时被动语态：be(was,were) done

3）一般将来时被动语态：shall/will be done

4）现在进行时被动语态：be(am,is,are) being done

5）过去进行时被动语态：be(was/were) being done

6）现在完成时被动语态：has/have been done

7）过去完成时被动语态：had been done

This novel will be published next week.

这本小说将于下周出版。

Our new school is being built.

我们的新学校正在建造之中。

He has been elected chairman of the Students’ Union.

他已经被选为了学生会主席。

考点04 主动句中宾语补足语如果是省略to的不定式，变成被动句时，改作主语补足语的不定式必须带to。这样用法的动词有：see, have, let, make, feel, hear, smell, taste等。

I made him go home.

=He was made to go home.

我让他回家。

I heard her sing in her room.

=She was heard to sing in her room.

我听到她在自己的房间唱歌。

考点05 有些静态的及物动词不能用于被动语态。这样的动词有：have, hold, last, own等。

He has three knives.

他有三把刀子。

（不能说：Three knives was had by him）

He owns a large house.

他拥有一个大房子。

（不能说：A large house is owned by him）

考点06 有些不及物动词的主动形式表示被动意义。能这样用的动词有：cut, wash, write, sell, wear, open, clean, cook, keep, run, shut, begin, record等。

This book sells well.

这本书卖的好。

This shirt washes easily.

这件衬衣容易洗。

The meeting begins at 7 o’clock.

会议于7点钟开始。

真题演练

一．选择题（共10小题）

1．（2021•北京）Today，many winter Olympic sports__________ even by children.（　　）

A．enjoyed B．enjoy 

C．were enjoyed D．are enjoyed

2．（2021•丰台区一模）Our school sports meeting ________ next Friday.（　　）

A．will hold B．held 

C．will be held D．was held

3．（2021•门头沟区一模）International Nurses Day ________ by more and more people in 2020.

A．celebrates B．celebrated 

C．is celebrated D．was celebrated

4．（2021•大兴区一模）﹣The windows look so clean， Tina.

﹣Yes. They ________ by our teacher yesterday.

A．cleans B．cleaned 

C．were cleaned D．are cleaned

5．（2021•平谷区一模）The World Leisure Congress ________ successfully in Pinggu last week.

A．holds B．was held 

C．held D．will be held

6．（2021•通州区一模）Twenty thousand books ________ last week. You can buy them in the bookstore now.

A．print B．printed 

C．is printed D．were printed

7．（2021•西城区一模）It is said that a starship ________ to Mars around 2030.

A．sends B．will send 

C．is sent D．will be sent

8．（2021•石景山区一模）The invitation to the party                to my family last week.（　　）

A．sends B．was sent C．is sent D．sent

9．（2021•房山区一模）A speech on Chinese culture            in the school hall yesterday afternoon.

A．gave B．was given C．gives D．is given

10．（2021•济南模拟）﹣Hi， Lucy. Where did you go last night？

﹣Tina's house. I _________ to her birthday party.（　　）

A．invite B．invited 

C．is invited D．was invited