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2022-2023学年北京十二中高一（上）期末英语试卷(含答案解析)
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这是一份2022-2023学年北京十二中高一（上）期末英语试卷(含答案解析)，共21页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年北京十二中高一（上）期末英语试卷
A Good-luck Dumpling
When I was in my middle age，something terrible happened to me.As I was away from(1) for almost a year，my wife and children were extremely worried.And my mother，already in her eighties，was on the edge of a nervous breakdown.
On the eve of the Spring Festival，I was finally allowed to return home.Mother looked at me，her eyes filled with(2).But soon she said， "Let's start making dumplings for the Festival."
And then an idea(3) her， "Let's put in a coin and make a good-luck dumpling.Whoever eats it will be blessed （有福的）."
While making the good-luck dumpling，my mother secretly made a（n）(4) on it.She pretended nothing had happened，but the trick didn't escape my(5).
After Mother boiled the dumplings all by herself，she put the good-luck dumpling on top of the others in a bowl on purpose and pushed the bowl to me.Feeling loved，I stared at her in(6) eyes.
I had thought it would give her a lovely surprise if she ate the good-luck dumpling.Taking the opportunity when she went to the kitchen，I put the dumpling into her bowl.Obviously，when Mother returned，she didn't(7) it and went on eating with her eyes on me all the time. "Ouch!" suddenly she cried out.The coin had hurt her teeth.
"Oh，Granny is blessed"，my wife(8) .
"I...how come？" Mother was(9).Just at that moment，the coin fell out of her mouth.
So I joined my wife and children， "Granny is blessed!Mother is blessed!"
Mother burst into laughter，and then tears，as my wife and I(10) with her all her sadness and joy.
1. A. home B. office C. factory D. market
2. A. calm B. curiosity C. horror D. disbelief
3. A. interested B. struck C. impressed D. changed
4. A. try B. decision C. mark D. note
5. A. hands B. eyes C. lips D. mind
6. A. anxious B. grateful C. sorrowful D. sincere
7. A. take B. permit C. accept D. notice
8. A. argued B. warned C. cheered D. suggested
9. A. confused B. inspired C. touched D. attracted
10. A. discussed B. shared C. remembered D. found
11.
Section A
Festivals (1) （ be） an important part of society.They reflect people's wishes，beliefs，faiths，and attitudes towards life.They are occasions (2) allow us to relax and enjoy life，and forget about our work for a little while.They help us understand where we came from，who we are，and (3) to appreciate.And if you study festivals carefully，you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
Section B
I'm part of an android football team.About once a year we (1) （allow） to get together to play a game of football.I'm as big as a human.In fact，I look like one too.On the football team I'm in charge of shooting (2) I must run very fast.My computer chips help me to move and think like a human.For example，I have learned to send signals (3) my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.
Section C
The colour was rushing to his cheeks，and his eyes were wide open， (1) （ shine） with joy，and in the centre of each eye，right in the very centre，in the black pupil，a little spark of wild excitement (2) （ dance） slowly.Then the old man took a deep breath，and suddenly，with no warning whatsoever，an explosion seemed to take place inside him.He threw up his arms and yelled 'Yippeeeeeeee!' And at the same time，his long (3) （ bone） body rose up out of the bed and his bowl of soup went flying into the face of Grandma Josephine，and in one fantastic leap，this old fellow of ninety-six and a half，who (10) （ be） in bed these last twenty years，jumped on to the floor and started doing a dance of victory in his pajamas.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
C
This Tiny Box Will Help You Relax In Terrible Summer Heat!
Traditional Air Conditioners （AC） are outdated.They cost a lot to install and even more to run.They are huge，noisy，and dangerous to clean.You can't move them around the house with you or take them outside!Thousands of people are now using a much cheaper alternative to cool themselves in the heat and clean their personal air.With over million units sold worldwide，this device is becoming one of the most successful gadgets.EVERYONE wants this awesome looking box for summer!
What Are We Talking About？
Meet the new AirFreez，an innovative alternative to AC that cools you just the same!It's a perfect solution for those very hot days and nights!The AirFreez was designed by two Swiss engineers who were fed up suffering the hot summers.They realized that AC units are super inefficient and cost a lot of money to use.The engineers also discovered that none of the traditional AC units were made to travel with.
So，they designed this light-weight，portable Air Cooling box.It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model!It's tiny，easy to use and it can cool you in seconds!
What Is So Special About This Little Box？
The main benefits of AirFreez are its portability and price.
It is no larger than a lunchbox.Besides，it can be powered by a pocket solar panel or battery pack and you probably have the world's most portable AC unit.
And There Is One More Thing.The price is just amazing.Most AC units cost at least ﹩300+ AND you have to pay for installation PLUS cover the expensive electricity bills each month.
AirFreez costs less than ﹩100 （Actually ﹩53 for each if you buy more than one here）.No messy installation，no expensive electricity bills.Far a Cooling unit of this quality，this must be the single best price-quality AC unit there is!
How Can You Get An AirFreez？
Now that you are aware of this amazing new invention，here is how to get one—order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE.
12. Which of the following words can best describe AirFreez？ ______
A. Smart but fragile. B. Costly but multi-functional.
C. Handy and energy-saving. D. Foldable and durable.
13. What can we learn about AirFreez？ ______
A. It requires no complex installation.
B. It costs less than ﹩53.
C. It doesn't consume electricity.
D. It is a little larger than a lunch box.
14. What is the purpose of this passage？ ______
A. To compare AirFreez with traditional A.
B. B.To explain the functions of AirFreez.
C. To introduce the inventors of AirFreez.
D. To advertise Airfreez.
D
I got married just after I graduated from college and found a job to support our family at the nearby Massachusettes Institute of Technology （MIT）.It was in the laboratory of Prof.Edward Lorenz that I learned what a computer was and how to develop software.
One day my husband saw a newspaper advertisement.The MIT Instrumentation Laboratory was looking for people to develop software to "send man to the moon".Deeply attracted both by the idea and the fact that it had never been done before，I became the first programmer to join and the first woman the lab hired.
At the beginning，nobody thought software was such a big deal.But then they began to realize how much they were relying on it.Our software needed to be very reliable and able to detect an error and recover from it at any time during the mission.
My daughter，Lauren，liked to intimate me—playing astronaut.One day，she was with me when I was doing a simulation （模拟） of a mission to the moon.She started hitting keys and all of a sudden，she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch.The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon.I thought：my God—this could happen by accident in a real mission.I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight.But the higher-ups at MIT and NASA said the astronauts were too well trained to make such a mistake.
On the very next mission，Apollo 8，one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done.The Lauren bug!It created destruction and required the mission to be rearranged.After that，they let me put the program change in.It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.
During the early days of Apollo，software was not taken as seriously as other engineering disciplines （学科）.It was out of desperation I came up with the term "software engineering".Then one day in a meeting，one of the most respected hardware experts explained to everyone that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline，just like with hardware.It was a memorable moment.
15. What do we know about the author？ ______
A. She created the term "software engineering".
B. She is the first woman ever hired by MIT.
C. She taught Lauren to write software.
D. She got her master's degree from MIT.
16. "The Lauren bug" in Para.5 refers to ______ .
A. a pet to accompany Lauren B. a mistake causing data loss
C. a software ending prelaunch D. a mission to land on the moon
17. What greatly contributed to Apollo 11's success according to the passage？ ______
A. The in-time upload of data. B. Astronauts' rich experience.
C. Experts' new attitude. D. The program change.
18. What can we learn from Margaret's story？ ______
A. Honesty is the best policy. B. Two heads are better than one.
C. Chances favor the prepared mind. D. A good beginning is half done.
E
If there is one place you don't want to stick your finger，it's the mouth of a Pacific lingcod.
These fearsome fish have around 500 needlelike teeth sticking out of jaws （颌） that are strong enough to crush crustaceans （甲壳动物）.
How lingcod maintain the sharpness of their terrifying teeth has long been a puzzle.But a study，published in November in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B，claims that Pacific lingcod keep their teeth sharp and shiny by replacing about three percent of them every day.For a lingcod，that's up to 20 teeth replaced daily.
In order to determine the frequency at which lingcod replace their teeth，Ms.Cohen，a coauthor of the new study，and her colleagues kept 20 lingcod at the University of Washington's Friday Harbor Laboratories and tracked how many teeth they lost and regrew over several days.
The fish were placed in a tank of seawater mixed with a red dye （染料） that colored their teeth，then returned to their regular tank for 10 days.When the 10 days were up，the fish were placed in a tank containing a green dye and then examined.The teeth that were present since the start of the experiment were both red and green，whereas the new teeth were only green.
After collecting and examining a total of 10，000 teeth，the scientists were able to determine how quickly lingcod lost and regrew their teeth and which teeth were replaced most often.
Lingcod，like most fish，have two sets of jaws：oral jaws and pharyngeal jaws.Their oral jaws are used to catch food while their pharyngeal jaws，which are positioned in their throats，are used to chew their food and move it from their mouths to the stomach.Ms.Carr，the lead author，and colleagues found that teeth are replaced more frequently in the back of the mouth，where most of the chewing and crushing take place.
The way lingcod replace their teeth is likely crucial to their hunting strategy，says Kory Evans，a fish ecologist at Rice University in Houston. "The duller a lingcod's teeth are，the harder it is going to be for it to hold on to its target.So having the ability to shed teeth and replace them is pretty important." Dr.Evans said， "In order to make it as a lingcod，you need sharp pointy teeth and all your teeth need to be on point."
19. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about？ ______
A. What role seawater played. B. How teeth changed their colors.
C. What conclusion was reached. D. How the study was conducted.
20. According to the passage，lingcod's teeth are replaced ______ .
A. to better hunt for food B. every 10 days
C. faster in the oral jaw D. with bigger and sharper ones
21. What does the underlined word "shed" in the last paragraph probably mean？ ______
A. Repair. B. Lose. C. Sharpen. D. Examine.
22. What is the purpose of writing this passage？ ______
A. To warn people of the danger of a fish.
B. To suggest new ways to conduct studies on fish.
C. To introduce the findings of a new study.
D. To stress the importance of replacing teeth.
F
As college sports continue to be hugely popular and the National Collegiate Athletic Association （NCAA） brings in large amounts of money，people have restarted the debate on whether college athletes should get paid.
Supporters of the idea believe that，because college athletes are bringing in audiences，they should receive some sort of compensation （补偿）.In fact，the NCAA brings in about ﹩1 billion income a year，but college athletes don't receive any of that money in the form of a paycheck.
Additionally，people who believe college athletes should be paid state that paying college athletes will actually encourage them to remain in college longer and not turn professionals as quickly，either by giving them a way to begin earning money in college or requiring them to sign a contract （合同） saying they'll stay at the university for a certain number of years while making an agreed-upon salary.
People who argue against the idea of paying college athletes believe the practice could be disastrous for college sports.Paying athletes would turn college sports into a bidding （竞拍） war，where only the richest schools could afford top athletes，and most schools would be shut out from developing a talented team.It could also harm the within many college teams if players become unhappy that certain teammates are making more money than they are.
Those against paying college athletes also believe that the athletes are receiving enough benefits already.The top athletes receive scholarships that are worth tens of thousands per year.
They receive free food and textbooks，get travel bonuses and free equipment，and can use their time in college as a way to attract the attention of professional coaches.No other college students receive anywhere near as much from their schools.
While both sides have good points，it's clear that the negatives of paying college athletes far outweigh the positives.College athletes have been compensated enough.Adding a salary would result in a college athletic system where only a few athletes are paid by some schools who enter bidding wars to sign them up，while most student athletics and college athletic programs suffer or even shut down for lack of money.Continuing to offer the present benefits to student athletes makes it possible for as many people to benefit from and enjoy college sports as possible.
23. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that college athletes ______ .
A. tend to serve college longer when paid
B. have earned what they are promised
C. should sign a contract to make an agreed-upon salary
D. prefer to stay at university rather than turn professionals
24. The underlined word "camaraderie" in Paragraph 3 is similar to " ______ ".
A. competition B. spirit C. friendship D. communication
25. People against paying college athletes believe ______ .
A. schools would be unable to afford it
B. no other college students receive benefits
C. students would value payments over achievements
D. it could be harmful to college sports
26. What is the author's attitude towards paying college athletes？ ______
A. Uncertain. B. Unsupportive. C. Satisfied. D. Expectant.
Blind Olympic Athletes Show the Universal Nature
Tune into any sports coverage on TV，and you will see many athletes proudly raise their arms and heads in victory，while a much larger number hang their shoulders and necks in defeat.Studies have revealed why—they are universal behaviours，performed by humans in response to success and failure.
The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University，who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame. (1) They tried to find a large group of people，and it was critically important that some of these subjects had never seen other people reacting to success or failure before.
The answer was Athens，during the 2004 Olympic Games.Its sister competition—the Paralympics—included many athletes who were born blind. (2) Working with a professional photographer，Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors，41 of whom had lost their sight，and 12 of whom were blind from birth.The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions，and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads，arms and bodies. (3) The winners tilted their heads up，smiled，lifted their arms and puffed out their chests，while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.
(4) Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements.And while it's possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions，it's very unlikely that they could have taught them all—particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest.
These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world.Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness，fear and surprise. (5)
A.Analyzing the data，they found that the sighted and sightless athletes behaved in almost exactly the same ways.
B.In fact，the culture was found to have only a very small effect on their body language.
C.In particular，they wanted to know whether these expressions were culturally determined and learned through observation.
D.The athletes' behaviours give strong evidence that they have had the actions naturally since birth.
E.The result suggested that the athletes were showing their pride based on careful observation.
F.Therefore，they could not have witnessed how other people reacted to winning and losing.
G.They are inborn behaviours and are accompanied by their own distinct sets of actions.
27. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
28. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
29. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
30. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
31. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
32. The Impact of Social Media on Adolescents （青少年）
Using social media has become a routine activity for most young people.In recent years the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically，so a large part of their social and emotional development is occurring while they are on the Internet.
Social media allow young people to achieve many of the online tasks that are important to them offline：staying connected with friends and family，making new friends，and exchanging ideas.Some schools successfully use blogs as teaching tools，which has the benefit of improving skills in written expression and creativity.At the same time，social media helps them get what they want，increase their knowledge and confidence in their academic （学业的） performance.
While social media provides many benefits，it can also have a negative impact on young people，both physically and mentally.It is easy to become addicted，and research shows that students who spend too much time on social media can suffer from poor sleep，eye fatigue，negative body image，depression，anxiety and more.Research also indicates that there are frequent online expressions of offline behaviours，which have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment （骚扰）.
Using social media becomes a risk to adolescents more than they can realise.When people go on to websites，they leave evidence of their visits.This ongoing record of online activity is 89 called the "digital footprint".One of the biggest threats to young people on social media is to their digital footprint and future reputations （名誉）.Young people who lack an awareness of privacy issues often post inappropriate material without understanding that "what goes online stays online".
As a result，future jobs and college acceptance maybe put in danger by inexperienced clicks of the mouse.
(1) Why is a large part of young people's social and emotional development occurring on the Internet？
______
(2) Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why.
Young people's improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment.
______
（3）You have been physically distanced from school for more than one month in this term.How do you make full use of social media to better your life and study？Please give one or two examples. （In about 40 words）
______
33. 全体观众被提醒关闭手机或将其调至静音状态。 ______
34. 孩子们正捂着耳朵，但脸上却带着期待的表情。 ______
35. 烟花在城市上空燃放，突然照亮了夜空。 ______
36. 我们吃什么并不是最重要的，重要的是和谁一起吃。 ______
37. 当比赛期间拍照时，请关闭闪光灯。 ______
38. 随着年龄的增长，回家和家人在一起是最重要的部分。 ______
39. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，请给你的外教 Jim 写一封邮件，邀请他参加你们年级举行的英语读书会（reading circle）活动。
邮件的内容包括：
（1）介绍读书活动的相关信息（例如：时间、地点、活动内容等）；
（2）说明你发出邀请的原因；
（3）询问对方的意向。
注意：（1）词数 100 字左右；（ 2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
____________
Yours，
Li Hua
答案和解析
1~10.【答案】A、D、B、C、B、B、D、C、A、B
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.home家；B.office办公室；C.factory工厂；D.market市场。句意：由于我离家将近一年了，我的妻子和孩子们都非常担心。根据下文"On the eve of the Spring Festival，I was finally allowed to return home."可知，在春节前夕，我终于获准回家了，所以此处是说我离开家已将近一年，我的妻子和孩子们都非常担心。故选A项。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.calm平静；B.curiosity好奇；C.horror恐惧；D.disbelief怀疑。句意：母亲看着我，眼里充满了怀疑。根据上文"And my mother，already in her eighties，was on the edge of a nervous breakdown."可知，我离家近一年，母亲非常想念我，所以在我返回到家中时，她难以置信我回来了。故选D项。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.interested 使……感兴趣；B.struck使突然想到；C.impressed对……印象深刻；D.changed改变。句意：然后她想到了一个主意："我们放一枚硬币，做一个幸运饺子。谁吃到，谁就有福气。"根据上文"Let's start making dumplings for the Festival."可知，母亲开始只是要为春节做饺子，所以做一个幸运饺子，这是她后来想到的一个主意。An idea struck sb.意思是"某人突然想到一个主意"。故选B项。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.try尝试；B.decision决定；C.mark标记；D.note笔记。句意：在做这个幸运饺子的时候，母亲偷偷地在上面做了个标记。根据下文"she put the good-luck dumpling on tp of the others in a bowl on purpose and pushed the bowl to me."可知，母亲在饺子煮好后，准确地找到这个幸运饺子并放到了我的碗里，所以说她在包饺子时就做好了标记。故选C项。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.hands手；B.eyes眼睛；C.lips嘴唇；D.mind思想。句意：她假装什么也没发生，但这个伎俩没有逃脱我的眼睛。根据下文"Feeling loved，I stared at her in（6）eyes."可知，在母亲把幸运饺子特意放在我的碗里时，我感受到了被爱，并且感激地看着她，说明我早已发现她做了标记的真相。故选B项。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.anxious焦急的；B.grateful 感激的；C.sorrowful伤心的；D.sincere真诚的。句意：我感受到了被爱，所以我充满感激地看着她。根据上文"she put the good-luck dumpling on top of the others in a bowl on purpose and pushed the bowl to me."和"Feeling loved"可知，母亲把幸运饺子特意放在我的碗里，由此我感受到了母亲的爱，所以我充满感激地看着她。故选B项。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.take拿走；B.permit允许；C.accept接受；D.notice注意。句意：母亲回来了，她没有注意到放在她碗里的幸运饺子，继续吃饭，眼睛一直看着我。根据下文"and went on eating with her eyes on me all the time"可知，母亲继续吃饭时，眼睛一直看着我，所以她没有注意到我把那个幸运饺子放在她的碗里了。故选D项。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.argued争论；B.warned警告；C.cheered欢呼；D.suggested建议。句意："哦，奶奶最有福气"，我的妻子欢呼道。根据上文"Whoever eats it will blessed（有福的）"可知，谁吃到幸运饺子，谁就有福气，所以妻子会欢呼，为母亲吃到幸运饺子而高兴。故选C项。
（9）考查形容词及语境理解。A.confused迷惑的；B.inspired受鼓舞的；C.touched被感动的；D.attracted被吸引的。句意："为什么是我？"母亲很迷惑。根据上文"she put the good-luck dumpling on top of the others in a bowl on purpose and pushed the bowl to me."和"Why..how come？"可知，母亲把幸运饺子特意放在我的碗里，所以现在她自己却吃到了它，她感到很迷惑不解。故选A项。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.discussed讨论；B.shared分享；C.remembered记住；D.found发现。句意：母亲突然大笑起来，然后流泪，我和妻子与她一起分享她所有的悲伤和喜悦。根据上文"Mother burst into laughter，and then tears"可知，母亲一下明白了我对她的爱，她所受过的再多的苦也是值得的，这让她悲喜交加，所以此时我和妻子陪着她，一起分享她所有的悲伤和喜悦。故选B项。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了离家很久的作者，在返回家中时，思念成疾的母亲为他做幸运饺子的感人故事。
完形填空题的命题趋势
解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
11.【答案】【小题1】are
【小题2】which
【小题3】what
【小题4】are allowed
【解析】A
（1）考查时态和主谓一致。句意：节日是社会重要的一部分。结合语境可知，文章讲述的是一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语festivals是复数，be动词应用are，故填are。
（2）考查定语从句关系词。句意：它们是让我们放松和享受生活并且暂时忘记我们的工作的时刻。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为occasions，指物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which或者that引导该定语从句，故填which/that。
（3）考查疑问词。句意：它们帮助我们了解我们从哪里来，我们是谁，以及应该感激什么。分析句子结构可知，此处为"疑问词+不定式"作宾语，与前文的where we came from及who we are并列，结合句意可知，此处应用疑问词what"什么"作appreciate的宾语，故填what。
B
（1）考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：大约一年一次，我们被允许聚在一起踢足球。分析句子结构可知，所填词为句子谓语动词，结合语境可知，句子描述的是一般性事实，应用一般现在时，且动词allow与主语we之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语we是复数，be动词应用are，故填are allowed。
（2）考查连词。句意：在足球队我负责射击，所以我必须跑得很快。分析可知，此处应用连词连接两个句子，结合句意可知，前后文之间是因果关系，故此处应用so引导结果状语从句，故填so。
（3）考查介词。句意：例如，我学会了用计算机语言向我的队友发送信号，让他们在我处于空位并有机会射门时把球传给我。send sth.to sb."向某人发送某物"，是固定搭配，故填to。
C
（1）考查现在分词。句意：红晕涌上了他的脸颊，他的眼睛睁得大大的，闪烁着喜悦的光芒，在每只眼睛的中央，在黑色瞳孔的正中央，有一点疯狂兴奋的火花在慢慢跳动。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词形式作状语，shine与其逻辑主语his eyes之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填shining。
（2）考查时态和主谓一致。句意：红晕涌上了他的脸颊，他的眼睛睁得大大的，闪烁着喜悦的光芒，在每只眼睛的中央，在黑色瞳孔的正中央，有一点疯狂兴奋的火花在慢慢跳动。分析句子结构可知，and连接两个分句，此处为后一分句的谓语动词，结合上文was rushing及句意可知，此处表示过去一段时间正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，主语a little spark是单数，be动词应用单数形式was，故填was dancing。
（3）考查形容词。句意：与此同时，他那瘦长的身体从床上跳了起来，他那碗汤飞到了约瑟芬奶奶的脸上，这个九十六岁半的老人，过去二十年一直躺在床上，奇妙的一个跳跃，跳到地板上，开始穿着睡衣跳起了胜利的舞蹈。分析可知，此处应用形容词bony作定语，修饰后文名词body，故填bony。
（4）考查时态。句意：与此同时，他那瘦长的身体从床上跳了起来，他那碗汤飞到了约瑟芬奶奶的脸上，这个九十六岁半的老人，过去二十年一直躺在床上，奇妙的一个跳跃，跳到地板上，开始穿着睡衣跳起了胜利的舞蹈。分析句子结构可知，所填词为定语从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语these last twenty years可知，句子应用完成时，结合后文jumped可知，"躺在床上二十年"先于"跳"这个动作，即此处表示"过去的过去"，应用过去完成时，故填had been。
A是一篇说明文，文章主要说明了节日是社会重要的一部分。
B是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一名机器人足球运动员的自述。
C是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了发生在一位96岁的老人身上的奇怪事情。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
12~14.【答案】C、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据What Are We Talking About？中So，they designed this light-weight，portable Air Cooling box.It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model!It's tiny，easy to use and it can cool you in seconds!（所以，他们设计了这个重量轻，便携的空气冷却盒。它使用非常少的电力和所有没有牺牲任何一个顶级交流模式的主要好处！它很小，容易使用，可以在几秒钟内使你凉快！）可知，"方便和节能"可以最好地描述AirFreez。故选C项。
（2）细节理解题。根据What Is So Special About This Little Box？中No messy installation，no expensive electricity bills.（没有凌乱的安装，没有昂贵的电费。）可知，关于AirFreez我们能了解到它不需要复杂的安装。故选A项。
（3）目的意图题。根据文章大意以及最后一段How Can You Get An AirFreez？Now that you are aware of this amazing new invention，here is how to get one-order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE.（如何获得airfreeze？现在，你已经意识到这个惊人的新发明，这里将是如何从官方网站获得一个订单，并且以最好的价格呈现给你。）故可推知，这篇文章的目的是为Airfreez做广告。故选D项。
这是一篇广告类文章。主要介绍了一个被称作AirFreez的小盒子能帮你在酷暑中放松。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
15~18.【答案】A、B、D、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据最后一段It was out of desperation I came up with the term "software engineering".（在绝望中，我想到了"软件工程"这个术语。）可知，作者创造了"软件工程"这个术语。故选A。
（2）词句猜测题。根据第四段中she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch.The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon.（她选择了一个应该在发射前运行的程序。电脑空间太小了，把她去月球的导航数据都抹去了。）可知，作者的女儿劳伦犯了一个错误--选择了一个程序，这个程序应该是在启动前运行的，计算机的空间太小，以至于它抹去了带她去月球的导航数据。再根据第五段one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done.（一名宇航员意外地做了劳伦做过的事。）可知，一名宇航员不小心做了劳伦做过的事（犯的错误）。可知"The Lauren bug"指的是"造成数据丢失的错误"，A.a pet to accompany Lauren陪伴劳伦的宠物；B.a mistake causing data loss数据丢失导致的错误；C.a software ending prelaunch软件发布前结束；D.a mission to land on the moon登录月球的任务。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.（正是计划的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响。）可知，正是程序的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响，故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据倒数第三段I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight.（我建议对程序进行更改，以防止在飞行过程中选择发射前程序。）及倒数第二段It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.（正是计划的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响。）可知，作者建议更改程序以防止在飞行过程中选择预启动程序，正是程序的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响。即作者的故事告诉我们机会总是垂青有准备的人，故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者是一个学习软件开发的女性，一次偶然的机会她从事了开发"载人登月"软件的工作，作者基于女儿在游戏中犯的一个错误建议更改程序以防止在飞行过程中选择预启动程序，事实证明这对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
19~22.【答案】D、A、B、C
【解析】（1）段落大意题。根据文章第三段In order to determine the frequency at which lingcod replace their teeth，Ms.Cohen，a coauthor of the new study，and her colleagues kept 20 lingcod at the University of Washington's Friday Harbor Laboratories and tracked how many teeth they lost and regrew over several days.The fish were placed in a tank of seawater mixed with a red dye （染料） that colored their teeth，then returned to their regular tank for 10 days.When the 10 days were up，the fish were placed in a tank containing a green dye and then examined.The teeth that were present since the start of the experiment were both red and green，whereas the new teeth were only green.（为了确定鳕鱼换牙的频率，这项新研究的合著者科恩女士和她的同事们在华盛顿大学的周五港实验室保存了20条灵鳕鱼，并跟踪了几天内它们失去和再生的牙齿数量。这些鱼被放置在一个海水中混合了一种红色染料的水箱里，这些染料可以给它们的牙齿上色，然后再回到正常的水箱中10天。10天过后，这些鱼被放置在一个装有绿色染料的容器中，然后进行检测。实验开始后出现的牙齿是红色和绿色的，而新牙齿只有绿色。）可知，本段陈述研究是如何进行的。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章最后一段The way lingcod replace their teeth is likely crucial to their hunting strategy，says Kory Evans，a fish ecologist at Rice University in Houston. "The duller a lingcod's teeth are，the harder it is going to be for it to hold on to its target.So having the ability to shed teeth and replace them is pretty important."（休斯顿莱斯大学的鱼类生态学家Kory Evans说，鳕鱼更换牙齿的方式可能对它们的狩猎策略至关重要。"鳕鱼的牙齿越钝，它就越难抓住目标。所以拥有牙齿脱落和更换的能力是非常重要的。"）可知，鳕鱼的牙齿被替换是为了更好地寻找食物。故选A。
（3）词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段划线词前句The duller a lingcod's teeth are，the harder it is going to be for it to hold on to its target.（鳕鱼的牙齿越钝，它就越难抓住目标。）"和后半句"and replace them is pretty important. （更换的能力是非常重要的。）"和常识可知，鳕鱼牙齿更换前旧的牙齿会脱落。所以shed为"脱落"之意。A.Repair.修理；B.Lose.失去，脱落；C.Sharpen.使变锋利；D.Examine.检查。故选B。
（4）目的意图题。根据文章第二段But a study，published in November in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B，claims that Pacific lingcod keep their teeth sharp and shiny by replacing about three percent of them every day. （但是11月发表在《英国皇家学会学报B》上的一项研究称，太平洋鳕鱼通过每天更换大约3%的牙齿来保持牙齿锋利和闪亮。）及全文可知，文章主要介绍一项新研究的发现，太平洋鳕鱼通过每天更换大约3%的牙齿来保持牙齿锋利和闪亮。所以推断写此篇文章的目的是介绍一项新研究的发现。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新研究的发现，太平洋鳕鱼通过每天更换大约3%的牙齿来保持牙齿锋利和闪亮。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
23~26.【答案】A、C、D、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Additionally，people who believe college athletes should be paid state that paying college athletes will actually encourage them to remain in college longer and not turn professionals as quickly，（此外，那些认为应该给大学运动员发工资的人表示，给大学运动员发工资实际上会鼓励他们在大学呆得更久，而不是更快地成为专业人士）可知，大学运动员被给予报酬后，可能倾向于继续在大学服务。故选A。
（2）词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的if players become unhappy that certain teammates are making more money than they are.（如果球员对某些队友赚的钱比他们多而感到不高兴）可推知，当队友之间因为收入不同而产生不愉快时，就会影响到团队之间的团结和友谊，由此可猜测"harm the camaraderie"中的"camaraderie"与"friendship"同义，表示"友情，同事情谊"。A.competition竞争；B.spirit精神；C.friendship友谊；D.communication交流。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段第一句People who argue against the idea of paying college athletes believe the practice could be disastrous for college sports. （反对向大学运动员付费的人认为这种做法可能会给大学体育带来灾难）可知，持反对意见的人们认为给大学运动员支付薪酬会对大学体育造成损害。故选D。
（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段While both sides have good points，it's clear that the negatives of paying college athletes far outweigh the positives.（尽管双方都有各自的道理，但显然，给大学运动员发工资的负面影响远远大于正面影响）可知，作者认为负面影响大于正面影响，也就是说作者不支持给大学运动员发工资。A.Uncertain.不确定的；B.Unsupportive.不支持的；C.Satisfied.满意的；D.Expectant.期待的。故选B。
本文是一篇议论文。讨论了是否应该给大学运动员发工资。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
27~31.【答案】C、F、A、D、G
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据前句The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University，who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame（这一发现来自英属哥伦比亚大学的 Jessica Tracy 和旧金山州立大学的 David Matsumoto，他们想知道人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的），可知表示"他们尤其想知道这些表达方式是否是文化决定的，是否是通过观察习得的"的选项C符合前后的语境，They指代上文中Jessica Tracy 和 David Matsumoto，故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据前句Its sister competition-the Paralympics-included many athletes who were born blind（它的姊妹比赛—残奥会—包括许多天生失明的运动员），可知表示"因此，他们无法目睹其他人对胜利和失败的反应"的选项F符合前后的语境，they指代上文many athletes who were born blind，故选F。
（3）推理判断题。根据前文Working with a professional photographer，Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors，41 of whom had lost their sight，and 12 of whom were blind from birth.The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions，and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads，arms and bodies.（在一位专业摄影师的帮助下，Tracy 和 Matsumoto 比较了108名参赛者的肢体语言，其中41人后天失明，12人从出生就失明。摄影师在运动员比赛结束后反复拍照，研究人员仔细记录他们头部、手臂和身体的姿势），以及后文The winners tilted their heads up，smiled，lifted their arms and puffed out their chests，while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers（获胜者仰起头、微笑、举起双臂、挺起胸膛，而失败者的标志是肩膀前倾、胸膛狭窄），可知表示"通过分析数据，他们发现有视力和失明的运动员的行为方式几乎完全相同"的选项A符合前后的语境，in almost exactly the same ways是关键词，故选A。
（4）主题判断题。根据后文Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements.And while it's possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions，it's very unlikely that they could have taught them all-particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest（从来没有见过别人有这种行为的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的动作。虽然父母可能教过他们的盲童一些这些动作，但他们不太可能教过他们——尤其是胸部的扩张或缩小），可知表示"运动员的行为有力地证明了他们从出生起就具有天生的动作能力"的选项D本段的主题，since birth和taught them all-particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest是关键词，故选D。
（5）推理判断题。根据前文These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world.Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness，fear and surprise（这些动作在来自世界各地的选手之间也非常一致。Tracy 和 Matsumoto 认为，骄傲和羞耻应该和其他基本情感，如快乐、恐惧和惊讶，一起占有一席之地），可知表示"它们是天生的行为，伴随着它们自己独特的一系列行为"的选项G符合前后的语境，they指代上文中pride and shame，故选G。
本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一个研究人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的方式的实验。
这是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
32.【答案】【小题1】Because in recent years，the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically.
【小题2】Young people's improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment.Because frequentonline expressions of offline behaviours have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment.
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段In recent years，the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically，so a large part of their social and emotional development is occurring while they are on the Internet. （近年来，使用社交媒体的年轻人数量急剧增加，因此他们的社交和情感发展很大一部分是在互联网上进行的。）可知，年轻人的社交和情感发展很大一部分发生在互联网上是因为近年来，使用社交媒体的年轻人数量急剧增加。故答案为 Because in recent years，the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically.
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段Research also indicates that there are frequent online expressions of offline behaviours，which have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment （骚扰）. （研究还表明，线下行为经常在网上表达，导致了网络欺凌和网络骚扰等问题。）可知，人们经常在网上表达线下行为，这带来了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题，并不是"不当的数字足迹"会对网络欺凌和在线骚扰产生影响，由此可知，句中"Young people's improper digital footprint"是错误的，应改为"frequent online expressions of offline behaviours"，因为经常在网上表达线下行为带来了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题。故答案为Young people's improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment.Because frequent online expressions of offline behaviours have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment.
（3）开放性试题。根据第二段Social media allow young people to achieve online many of the tasks that are important to them offline：staying connected with friends and family，making new friends，and exchanging ideas. （社交媒体可以让年轻人在网上完成许多对他们来说很重要的任务：与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友，交流想法。）可知，社交媒体可以让年轻人在网上与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友和交流想法等，由此可知，如果这学期你与学校的距离太远，你可以通过社交媒体与朋友保持联系，与老师交流想法或通过社交媒体获取知识等，答案不唯一，符合文意即可。故参考答案为I will use social media to stay connected with my friends and exchange ideas with my teachers.Besides，I will use social media to get knowledge.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交媒体给青少年带来的好处和弊端。
阅读表达，要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，根据短文后的题目，在文中找到相关的内容，并用简洁、准确的句子，将理解的内容，书面表达出来。做题时，注意表达的内容不要超出规定的字数。
33.【答案】All audiences are reminded to turn off their mobile phones or mute them.
【解析】全体观众all audiences；被提醒去做某事be reminded to do sth.；关闭turn off；静音mute；根据句意可知用一般现在时。
故填：All audiences are reminded to turn off their mobile phones or mute them.
全体观众被提醒关闭手机或将其调至静音状态。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
34.【答案】The children were covering their ears，but with expectant expressions on their faces.
【解析】孩子们正捂着耳朵The children were covering their ears，根据句意可知，用过去进行时；但but；with expectant expressions on their faces用with+复合宾语。
故填：The children were covering their ears，but with expectant expressions on their faces.
孩子们正捂着耳朵，但脸上却带着期待的表情。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
35.【答案】Fireworks were set off over the city and suddenly lit up the night sky.
【解析】烟花fireworks；在城市上空over the city；燃放set off；and连接两个句子；突然suddenly；照亮了light up；夜空the night sky；根据句意可知，发生在过去，用一般过去时。
故填：Fireworks were set off over the city and suddenly lit up the night sky.
烟花在城市上空燃放，突然照亮了夜空。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
36.【答案】What we eat is not the most important thing and what's important is who we eat it with.
【解析】我们吃什么what we eat作主语；最重要的the most important thing；and连接两个句子；重要的是what's important is；和谁一起吃who we eat it with作表语；根据句意可知，用一般现在时。
故填：What we eat is not the most important thing and what's important is who we eat it with.
我们吃什么并不是最重要的，重要的是和谁一起吃。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
37.【答案】Please turn off the flash when taking photos during the competition.
【解析】当比赛期间拍照时when taking photos during the competition用when引导时间状语从句；请please；关闭turn off；闪光灯the flash；根据句意可知，用一般现在时。
故填：Please turn off the flash when taking photos during the competition.
当比赛期间拍照时，请关闭闪光灯。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
38.【答案】As you grow older，going home with your family is the most important part.
【解析】随着年龄的增长as you grow older；回家和家人在一起going home with your family动名词短语做主语；
最重要的部分the most important part；根据句意可知，用一般现在时。
故填：As you grow older，going home with your family is the most important part.
随着年龄的增长，回家和家人在一起是最重要的部分。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
39.【答案】Dear Jim，
I hope that everything goes on well with you．I'm writing to invite you to join us in the English reading circle to be held in our school．We'll feel honored if you are present．【高分句型一】（提出邀请）
The activity is scheduled at 8：00 am this Friday in the auditorium．（时间地点）Aiming to improve the students' understanding of the beauty of foreign literature，the reading circle will allow students to communicate with each other face to face，sharing their own reading experience together．As we consider that you can give us some professional introductions to English literature and some valuable suggestions on English reading，we sincerely hope you can come to join us．【高分句型二】（说明你发出邀请的原因）
Would you be kind enough to spare some time for us？Thank you in advance．Hope to hear from you soon．（询问对方的意向）
Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：We'll feel honored if you are present.
翻译：如果你在场，我们将感到荣幸。
分析：本句使用了if引导的条件状语从句。
高分句型二：As we consider that you can give us some professional introductions to English literature and some valuable suggestions on English reading，we sincerely hope you can come to join us.
翻译：我们认为你可以给我们一些关于英语文学的专业介绍和一些关于英语阅读的宝贵建议，我们真诚地希望你能加入我们。
分析：本句使用了that引导的宾语从句。
书信类作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
2022-2023学年北京十二中高一（上）期末英语试卷
A Good-luck Dumpling
When I was in my middle age，something terrible happened to me.As I was away from(1) for almost a year，my wife and children were extremely worried.And my mother，already in her eighties，was on the edge of a nervous breakdown.
On the eve of the Spring Festival，I was finally allowed to return home.Mother looked at me，her eyes filled with(2).But soon she said， "Let's start making dumplings for the Festival."
And then an idea(3) her， "Let's put in a coin and make a good-luck dumpling.Whoever eats it will be blessed （有福的）."
While making the good-luck dumpling，my mother secretly made a（n）(4) on it.She pretended nothing had happened，but the trick didn't escape my(5).
After Mother boiled the dumplings all by herself，she put the good-luck dumpling on top of the others in a bowl on purpose and pushed the bowl to me.Feeling loved，I stared at her in(6) eyes.
I had thought it would give her a lovely surprise if she ate the good-luck dumpling.Taking the opportunity when she went to the kitchen，I put the dumpling into her bowl.Obviously，when Mother returned，she didn't(7) it and went on eating with her eyes on me all the time. "Ouch!" suddenly she cried out.The coin had hurt her teeth.
"Oh，Granny is blessed"，my wife(8) .
"I...how come？" Mother was(9).Just at that moment，the coin fell out of her mouth.
So I joined my wife and children， "Granny is blessed!Mother is blessed!"
Mother burst into laughter，and then tears，as my wife and I(10) with her all her sadness and joy.
1. A. home B. office C. factory D. market
2. A. calm B. curiosity C. horror D. disbelief
3. A. interested B. struck C. impressed D. changed
4. A. try B. decision C. mark D. note
5. A. hands B. eyes C. lips D. mind
6. A. anxious B. grateful C. sorrowful D. sincere
7. A. take B. permit C. accept D. notice
8. A. argued B. warned C. cheered D. suggested
9. A. confused B. inspired C. touched D. attracted
10. A. discussed B. shared C. remembered D. found
11.
Section A
Festivals (1) （ be） an important part of society.They reflect people's wishes，beliefs，faiths，and attitudes towards life.They are occasions (2) allow us to relax and enjoy life，and forget about our work for a little while.They help us understand where we came from，who we are，and (3) to appreciate.And if you study festivals carefully，you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
Section B
I'm part of an android football team.About once a year we (1) （allow） to get together to play a game of football.I'm as big as a human.In fact，I look like one too.On the football team I'm in charge of shooting (2) I must run very fast.My computer chips help me to move and think like a human.For example，I have learned to send signals (3) my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.
Section C
The colour was rushing to his cheeks，and his eyes were wide open， (1) （ shine） with joy，and in the centre of each eye，right in the very centre，in the black pupil，a little spark of wild excitement (2) （ dance） slowly.Then the old man took a deep breath，and suddenly，with no warning whatsoever，an explosion seemed to take place inside him.He threw up his arms and yelled 'Yippeeeeeeee!' And at the same time，his long (3) （ bone） body rose up out of the bed and his bowl of soup went flying into the face of Grandma Josephine，and in one fantastic leap，this old fellow of ninety-six and a half，who (10) （ be） in bed these last twenty years，jumped on to the floor and started doing a dance of victory in his pajamas.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
C
This Tiny Box Will Help You Relax In Terrible Summer Heat!
Traditional Air Conditioners （AC） are outdated.They cost a lot to install and even more to run.They are huge，noisy，and dangerous to clean.You can't move them around the house with you or take them outside!Thousands of people are now using a much cheaper alternative to cool themselves in the heat and clean their personal air.With over million units sold worldwide，this device is becoming one of the most successful gadgets.EVERYONE wants this awesome looking box for summer!
What Are We Talking About？
Meet the new AirFreez，an innovative alternative to AC that cools you just the same!It's a perfect solution for those very hot days and nights!The AirFreez was designed by two Swiss engineers who were fed up suffering the hot summers.They realized that AC units are super inefficient and cost a lot of money to use.The engineers also discovered that none of the traditional AC units were made to travel with.
So，they designed this light-weight，portable Air Cooling box.It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model!It's tiny，easy to use and it can cool you in seconds!
What Is So Special About This Little Box？
The main benefits of AirFreez are its portability and price.
It is no larger than a lunchbox.Besides，it can be powered by a pocket solar panel or battery pack and you probably have the world's most portable AC unit.
And There Is One More Thing.The price is just amazing.Most AC units cost at least ﹩300+ AND you have to pay for installation PLUS cover the expensive electricity bills each month.
AirFreez costs less than ﹩100 （Actually ﹩53 for each if you buy more than one here）.No messy installation，no expensive electricity bills.Far a Cooling unit of this quality，this must be the single best price-quality AC unit there is!
How Can You Get An AirFreez？
Now that you are aware of this amazing new invention，here is how to get one—order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE.
12. Which of the following words can best describe AirFreez？ ______
A. Smart but fragile. B. Costly but multi-functional.
C. Handy and energy-saving. D. Foldable and durable.
13. What can we learn about AirFreez？ ______
A. It requires no complex installation.
B. It costs less than ﹩53.
C. It doesn't consume electricity.
D. It is a little larger than a lunch box.
14. What is the purpose of this passage？ ______
A. To compare AirFreez with traditional A.
B. B.To explain the functions of AirFreez.
C. To introduce the inventors of AirFreez.
D. To advertise Airfreez.
D
I got married just after I graduated from college and found a job to support our family at the nearby Massachusettes Institute of Technology （MIT）.It was in the laboratory of Prof.Edward Lorenz that I learned what a computer was and how to develop software.
One day my husband saw a newspaper advertisement.The MIT Instrumentation Laboratory was looking for people to develop software to "send man to the moon".Deeply attracted both by the idea and the fact that it had never been done before，I became the first programmer to join and the first woman the lab hired.
At the beginning，nobody thought software was such a big deal.But then they began to realize how much they were relying on it.Our software needed to be very reliable and able to detect an error and recover from it at any time during the mission.
My daughter，Lauren，liked to intimate me—playing astronaut.One day，she was with me when I was doing a simulation （模拟） of a mission to the moon.She started hitting keys and all of a sudden，she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch.The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon.I thought：my God—this could happen by accident in a real mission.I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight.But the higher-ups at MIT and NASA said the astronauts were too well trained to make such a mistake.
On the very next mission，Apollo 8，one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done.The Lauren bug!It created destruction and required the mission to be rearranged.After that，they let me put the program change in.It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.
During the early days of Apollo，software was not taken as seriously as other engineering disciplines （学科）.It was out of desperation I came up with the term "software engineering".Then one day in a meeting，one of the most respected hardware experts explained to everyone that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline，just like with hardware.It was a memorable moment.
15. What do we know about the author？ ______
A. She created the term "software engineering".
B. She is the first woman ever hired by MIT.
C. She taught Lauren to write software.
D. She got her master's degree from MIT.
16. "The Lauren bug" in Para.5 refers to ______ .
A. a pet to accompany Lauren B. a mistake causing data loss
C. a software ending prelaunch D. a mission to land on the moon
17. What greatly contributed to Apollo 11's success according to the passage？ ______
A. The in-time upload of data. B. Astronauts' rich experience.
C. Experts' new attitude. D. The program change.
18. What can we learn from Margaret's story？ ______
A. Honesty is the best policy. B. Two heads are better than one.
C. Chances favor the prepared mind. D. A good beginning is half done.
E
If there is one place you don't want to stick your finger，it's the mouth of a Pacific lingcod.
These fearsome fish have around 500 needlelike teeth sticking out of jaws （颌） that are strong enough to crush crustaceans （甲壳动物）.
How lingcod maintain the sharpness of their terrifying teeth has long been a puzzle.But a study，published in November in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B，claims that Pacific lingcod keep their teeth sharp and shiny by replacing about three percent of them every day.For a lingcod，that's up to 20 teeth replaced daily.
In order to determine the frequency at which lingcod replace their teeth，Ms.Cohen，a coauthor of the new study，and her colleagues kept 20 lingcod at the University of Washington's Friday Harbor Laboratories and tracked how many teeth they lost and regrew over several days.
The fish were placed in a tank of seawater mixed with a red dye （染料） that colored their teeth，then returned to their regular tank for 10 days.When the 10 days were up，the fish were placed in a tank containing a green dye and then examined.The teeth that were present since the start of the experiment were both red and green，whereas the new teeth were only green.
After collecting and examining a total of 10，000 teeth，the scientists were able to determine how quickly lingcod lost and regrew their teeth and which teeth were replaced most often.
Lingcod，like most fish，have two sets of jaws：oral jaws and pharyngeal jaws.Their oral jaws are used to catch food while their pharyngeal jaws，which are positioned in their throats，are used to chew their food and move it from their mouths to the stomach.Ms.Carr，the lead author，and colleagues found that teeth are replaced more frequently in the back of the mouth，where most of the chewing and crushing take place.
The way lingcod replace their teeth is likely crucial to their hunting strategy，says Kory Evans，a fish ecologist at Rice University in Houston. "The duller a lingcod's teeth are，the harder it is going to be for it to hold on to its target.So having the ability to shed teeth and replace them is pretty important." Dr.Evans said， "In order to make it as a lingcod，you need sharp pointy teeth and all your teeth need to be on point."
19. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about？ ______
A. What role seawater played. B. How teeth changed their colors.
C. What conclusion was reached. D. How the study was conducted.
20. According to the passage，lingcod's teeth are replaced ______ .
A. to better hunt for food B. every 10 days
C. faster in the oral jaw D. with bigger and sharper ones
21. What does the underlined word "shed" in the last paragraph probably mean？ ______
A. Repair. B. Lose. C. Sharpen. D. Examine.
22. What is the purpose of writing this passage？ ______
A. To warn people of the danger of a fish.
B. To suggest new ways to conduct studies on fish.
C. To introduce the findings of a new study.
D. To stress the importance of replacing teeth.
F
As college sports continue to be hugely popular and the National Collegiate Athletic Association （NCAA） brings in large amounts of money，people have restarted the debate on whether college athletes should get paid.
Supporters of the idea believe that，because college athletes are bringing in audiences，they should receive some sort of compensation （补偿）.In fact，the NCAA brings in about ﹩1 billion income a year，but college athletes don't receive any of that money in the form of a paycheck.
Additionally，people who believe college athletes should be paid state that paying college athletes will actually encourage them to remain in college longer and not turn professionals as quickly，either by giving them a way to begin earning money in college or requiring them to sign a contract （合同） saying they'll stay at the university for a certain number of years while making an agreed-upon salary.
People who argue against the idea of paying college athletes believe the practice could be disastrous for college sports.Paying athletes would turn college sports into a bidding （竞拍） war，where only the richest schools could afford top athletes，and most schools would be shut out from developing a talented team.It could also harm the within many college teams if players become unhappy that certain teammates are making more money than they are.
Those against paying college athletes also believe that the athletes are receiving enough benefits already.The top athletes receive scholarships that are worth tens of thousands per year.
They receive free food and textbooks，get travel bonuses and free equipment，and can use their time in college as a way to attract the attention of professional coaches.No other college students receive anywhere near as much from their schools.
While both sides have good points，it's clear that the negatives of paying college athletes far outweigh the positives.College athletes have been compensated enough.Adding a salary would result in a college athletic system where only a few athletes are paid by some schools who enter bidding wars to sign them up，while most student athletics and college athletic programs suffer or even shut down for lack of money.Continuing to offer the present benefits to student athletes makes it possible for as many people to benefit from and enjoy college sports as possible.
23. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that college athletes ______ .
A. tend to serve college longer when paid
B. have earned what they are promised
C. should sign a contract to make an agreed-upon salary
D. prefer to stay at university rather than turn professionals
24. The underlined word "camaraderie" in Paragraph 3 is similar to " ______ ".
A. competition B. spirit C. friendship D. communication
25. People against paying college athletes believe ______ .
A. schools would be unable to afford it
B. no other college students receive benefits
C. students would value payments over achievements
D. it could be harmful to college sports
26. What is the author's attitude towards paying college athletes？ ______
A. Uncertain. B. Unsupportive. C. Satisfied. D. Expectant.
Blind Olympic Athletes Show the Universal Nature
Tune into any sports coverage on TV，and you will see many athletes proudly raise their arms and heads in victory，while a much larger number hang their shoulders and necks in defeat.Studies have revealed why—they are universal behaviours，performed by humans in response to success and failure.
The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University，who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame. (1) They tried to find a large group of people，and it was critically important that some of these subjects had never seen other people reacting to success or failure before.
The answer was Athens，during the 2004 Olympic Games.Its sister competition—the Paralympics—included many athletes who were born blind. (2) Working with a professional photographer，Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors，41 of whom had lost their sight，and 12 of whom were blind from birth.The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions，and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads，arms and bodies. (3) The winners tilted their heads up，smiled，lifted their arms and puffed out their chests，while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.
(4) Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements.And while it's possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions，it's very unlikely that they could have taught them all—particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest.
These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world.Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness，fear and surprise. (5)
A.Analyzing the data，they found that the sighted and sightless athletes behaved in almost exactly the same ways.
B.In fact，the culture was found to have only a very small effect on their body language.
C.In particular，they wanted to know whether these expressions were culturally determined and learned through observation.
D.The athletes' behaviours give strong evidence that they have had the actions naturally since birth.
E.The result suggested that the athletes were showing their pride based on careful observation.
F.Therefore，they could not have witnessed how other people reacted to winning and losing.
G.They are inborn behaviours and are accompanied by their own distinct sets of actions.
27. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
28. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
29. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
30. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
31. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
32. The Impact of Social Media on Adolescents （青少年）
Using social media has become a routine activity for most young people.In recent years the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically，so a large part of their social and emotional development is occurring while they are on the Internet.
Social media allow young people to achieve many of the online tasks that are important to them offline：staying connected with friends and family，making new friends，and exchanging ideas.Some schools successfully use blogs as teaching tools，which has the benefit of improving skills in written expression and creativity.At the same time，social media helps them get what they want，increase their knowledge and confidence in their academic （学业的） performance.
While social media provides many benefits，it can also have a negative impact on young people，both physically and mentally.It is easy to become addicted，and research shows that students who spend too much time on social media can suffer from poor sleep，eye fatigue，negative body image，depression，anxiety and more.Research also indicates that there are frequent online expressions of offline behaviours，which have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment （骚扰）.
Using social media becomes a risk to adolescents more than they can realise.When people go on to websites，they leave evidence of their visits.This ongoing record of online activity is 89 called the "digital footprint".One of the biggest threats to young people on social media is to their digital footprint and future reputations （名誉）.Young people who lack an awareness of privacy issues often post inappropriate material without understanding that "what goes online stays online".
As a result，future jobs and college acceptance maybe put in danger by inexperienced clicks of the mouse.
(1) Why is a large part of young people's social and emotional development occurring on the Internet？
______
(2) Please decide which part is false in the following statement，then underline it and explain why.
Young people's improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment.
______
（3）You have been physically distanced from school for more than one month in this term.How do you make full use of social media to better your life and study？Please give one or two examples. （In about 40 words）
______
33. 全体观众被提醒关闭手机或将其调至静音状态。 ______
34. 孩子们正捂着耳朵，但脸上却带着期待的表情。 ______
35. 烟花在城市上空燃放，突然照亮了夜空。 ______
36. 我们吃什么并不是最重要的，重要的是和谁一起吃。 ______
37. 当比赛期间拍照时，请关闭闪光灯。 ______
38. 随着年龄的增长，回家和家人在一起是最重要的部分。 ______
39. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，请给你的外教 Jim 写一封邮件，邀请他参加你们年级举行的英语读书会（reading circle）活动。
邮件的内容包括：
（1）介绍读书活动的相关信息（例如：时间、地点、活动内容等）；
（2）说明你发出邀请的原因；
（3）询问对方的意向。
注意：（1）词数 100 字左右；（ 2）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim，
____________
Yours，
Li Hua
答案和解析
1~10.【答案】A、D、B、C、B、B、D、C、A、B
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.home家；B.office办公室；C.factory工厂；D.market市场。句意：由于我离家将近一年了，我的妻子和孩子们都非常担心。根据下文"On the eve of the Spring Festival，I was finally allowed to return home."可知，在春节前夕，我终于获准回家了，所以此处是说我离开家已将近一年，我的妻子和孩子们都非常担心。故选A项。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.calm平静；B.curiosity好奇；C.horror恐惧；D.disbelief怀疑。句意：母亲看着我，眼里充满了怀疑。根据上文"And my mother，already in her eighties，was on the edge of a nervous breakdown."可知，我离家近一年，母亲非常想念我，所以在我返回到家中时，她难以置信我回来了。故选D项。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.interested 使……感兴趣；B.struck使突然想到；C.impressed对……印象深刻；D.changed改变。句意：然后她想到了一个主意："我们放一枚硬币，做一个幸运饺子。谁吃到，谁就有福气。"根据上文"Let's start making dumplings for the Festival."可知，母亲开始只是要为春节做饺子，所以做一个幸运饺子，这是她后来想到的一个主意。An idea struck sb.意思是"某人突然想到一个主意"。故选B项。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.try尝试；B.decision决定；C.mark标记；D.note笔记。句意：在做这个幸运饺子的时候，母亲偷偷地在上面做了个标记。根据下文"she put the good-luck dumpling on tp of the others in a bowl on purpose and pushed the bowl to me."可知，母亲在饺子煮好后，准确地找到这个幸运饺子并放到了我的碗里，所以说她在包饺子时就做好了标记。故选C项。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.hands手；B.eyes眼睛；C.lips嘴唇；D.mind思想。句意：她假装什么也没发生，但这个伎俩没有逃脱我的眼睛。根据下文"Feeling loved，I stared at her in（6）eyes."可知，在母亲把幸运饺子特意放在我的碗里时，我感受到了被爱，并且感激地看着她，说明我早已发现她做了标记的真相。故选B项。
（6）考查形容词及语境理解。A.anxious焦急的；B.grateful 感激的；C.sorrowful伤心的；D.sincere真诚的。句意：我感受到了被爱，所以我充满感激地看着她。根据上文"she put the good-luck dumpling on top of the others in a bowl on purpose and pushed the bowl to me."和"Feeling loved"可知，母亲把幸运饺子特意放在我的碗里，由此我感受到了母亲的爱，所以我充满感激地看着她。故选B项。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.take拿走；B.permit允许；C.accept接受；D.notice注意。句意：母亲回来了，她没有注意到放在她碗里的幸运饺子，继续吃饭，眼睛一直看着我。根据下文"and went on eating with her eyes on me all the time"可知，母亲继续吃饭时，眼睛一直看着我，所以她没有注意到我把那个幸运饺子放在她的碗里了。故选D项。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.argued争论；B.warned警告；C.cheered欢呼；D.suggested建议。句意："哦，奶奶最有福气"，我的妻子欢呼道。根据上文"Whoever eats it will blessed（有福的）"可知，谁吃到幸运饺子，谁就有福气，所以妻子会欢呼，为母亲吃到幸运饺子而高兴。故选C项。
（9）考查形容词及语境理解。A.confused迷惑的；B.inspired受鼓舞的；C.touched被感动的；D.attracted被吸引的。句意："为什么是我？"母亲很迷惑。根据上文"she put the good-luck dumpling on top of the others in a bowl on purpose and pushed the bowl to me."和"Why..how come？"可知，母亲把幸运饺子特意放在我的碗里，所以现在她自己却吃到了它，她感到很迷惑不解。故选A项。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.discussed讨论；B.shared分享；C.remembered记住；D.found发现。句意：母亲突然大笑起来，然后流泪，我和妻子与她一起分享她所有的悲伤和喜悦。根据上文"Mother burst into laughter，and then tears"可知，母亲一下明白了我对她的爱，她所受过的再多的苦也是值得的，这让她悲喜交加，所以此时我和妻子陪着她，一起分享她所有的悲伤和喜悦。故选B项。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了离家很久的作者，在返回家中时，思念成疾的母亲为他做幸运饺子的感人故事。
完形填空题的命题趋势
解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
11.【答案】【小题1】are
【小题2】which
【小题3】what
【小题4】are allowed
【解析】A
（1）考查时态和主谓一致。句意：节日是社会重要的一部分。结合语境可知，文章讲述的是一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语festivals是复数，be动词应用are，故填are。
（2）考查定语从句关系词。句意：它们是让我们放松和享受生活并且暂时忘记我们的工作的时刻。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为occasions，指物，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which或者that引导该定语从句，故填which/that。
（3）考查疑问词。句意：它们帮助我们了解我们从哪里来，我们是谁，以及应该感激什么。分析句子结构可知，此处为"疑问词+不定式"作宾语，与前文的where we came from及who we are并列，结合句意可知，此处应用疑问词what"什么"作appreciate的宾语，故填what。
B
（1）考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：大约一年一次，我们被允许聚在一起踢足球。分析句子结构可知，所填词为句子谓语动词，结合语境可知，句子描述的是一般性事实，应用一般现在时，且动词allow与主语we之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语we是复数，be动词应用are，故填are allowed。
（2）考查连词。句意：在足球队我负责射击，所以我必须跑得很快。分析可知，此处应用连词连接两个句子，结合句意可知，前后文之间是因果关系，故此处应用so引导结果状语从句，故填so。
（3）考查介词。句意：例如，我学会了用计算机语言向我的队友发送信号，让他们在我处于空位并有机会射门时把球传给我。send sth.to sb."向某人发送某物"，是固定搭配，故填to。
C
（1）考查现在分词。句意：红晕涌上了他的脸颊，他的眼睛睁得大大的，闪烁着喜悦的光芒，在每只眼睛的中央，在黑色瞳孔的正中央，有一点疯狂兴奋的火花在慢慢跳动。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词形式作状语，shine与其逻辑主语his eyes之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填shining。
（2）考查时态和主谓一致。句意：红晕涌上了他的脸颊，他的眼睛睁得大大的，闪烁着喜悦的光芒，在每只眼睛的中央，在黑色瞳孔的正中央，有一点疯狂兴奋的火花在慢慢跳动。分析句子结构可知，and连接两个分句，此处为后一分句的谓语动词，结合上文was rushing及句意可知，此处表示过去一段时间正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，主语a little spark是单数，be动词应用单数形式was，故填was dancing。
（3）考查形容词。句意：与此同时，他那瘦长的身体从床上跳了起来，他那碗汤飞到了约瑟芬奶奶的脸上，这个九十六岁半的老人，过去二十年一直躺在床上，奇妙的一个跳跃，跳到地板上，开始穿着睡衣跳起了胜利的舞蹈。分析可知，此处应用形容词bony作定语，修饰后文名词body，故填bony。
（4）考查时态。句意：与此同时，他那瘦长的身体从床上跳了起来，他那碗汤飞到了约瑟芬奶奶的脸上，这个九十六岁半的老人，过去二十年一直躺在床上，奇妙的一个跳跃，跳到地板上，开始穿着睡衣跳起了胜利的舞蹈。分析句子结构可知，所填词为定语从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语these last twenty years可知，句子应用完成时，结合后文jumped可知，"躺在床上二十年"先于"跳"这个动作，即此处表示"过去的过去"，应用过去完成时，故填had been。
A是一篇说明文，文章主要说明了节日是社会重要的一部分。
B是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一名机器人足球运动员的自述。
C是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了发生在一位96岁的老人身上的奇怪事情。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
12~14.【答案】C、A、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据What Are We Talking About？中So，they designed this light-weight，portable Air Cooling box.It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model!It's tiny，easy to use and it can cool you in seconds!（所以，他们设计了这个重量轻，便携的空气冷却盒。它使用非常少的电力和所有没有牺牲任何一个顶级交流模式的主要好处！它很小，容易使用，可以在几秒钟内使你凉快！）可知，"方便和节能"可以最好地描述AirFreez。故选C项。
（2）细节理解题。根据What Is So Special About This Little Box？中No messy installation，no expensive electricity bills.（没有凌乱的安装，没有昂贵的电费。）可知，关于AirFreez我们能了解到它不需要复杂的安装。故选A项。
（3）目的意图题。根据文章大意以及最后一段How Can You Get An AirFreez？Now that you are aware of this amazing new invention，here is how to get one-order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE.（如何获得airfreeze？现在，你已经意识到这个惊人的新发明，这里将是如何从官方网站获得一个订单，并且以最好的价格呈现给你。）故可推知，这篇文章的目的是为Airfreez做广告。故选D项。
这是一篇广告类文章。主要介绍了一个被称作AirFreez的小盒子能帮你在酷暑中放松。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
15~18.【答案】A、B、D、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据最后一段It was out of desperation I came up with the term "software engineering".（在绝望中，我想到了"软件工程"这个术语。）可知，作者创造了"软件工程"这个术语。故选A。
（2）词句猜测题。根据第四段中she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch.The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon.（她选择了一个应该在发射前运行的程序。电脑空间太小了，把她去月球的导航数据都抹去了。）可知，作者的女儿劳伦犯了一个错误--选择了一个程序，这个程序应该是在启动前运行的，计算机的空间太小，以至于它抹去了带她去月球的导航数据。再根据第五段one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done.（一名宇航员意外地做了劳伦做过的事。）可知，一名宇航员不小心做了劳伦做过的事（犯的错误）。可知"The Lauren bug"指的是"造成数据丢失的错误"，A.a pet to accompany Lauren陪伴劳伦的宠物；B.a mistake causing data loss数据丢失导致的错误；C.a software ending prelaunch软件发布前结束；D.a mission to land on the moon登录月球的任务。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.（正是计划的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响。）可知，正是程序的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响，故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据倒数第三段I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight.（我建议对程序进行更改，以防止在飞行过程中选择发射前程序。）及倒数第二段It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.（正是计划的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响。）可知，作者建议更改程序以防止在飞行过程中选择预启动程序，正是程序的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响。即作者的故事告诉我们机会总是垂青有准备的人，故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者是一个学习软件开发的女性，一次偶然的机会她从事了开发"载人登月"软件的工作，作者基于女儿在游戏中犯的一个错误建议更改程序以防止在飞行过程中选择预启动程序，事实证明这对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
19~22.【答案】D、A、B、C
【解析】（1）段落大意题。根据文章第三段In order to determine the frequency at which lingcod replace their teeth，Ms.Cohen，a coauthor of the new study，and her colleagues kept 20 lingcod at the University of Washington's Friday Harbor Laboratories and tracked how many teeth they lost and regrew over several days.The fish were placed in a tank of seawater mixed with a red dye （染料） that colored their teeth，then returned to their regular tank for 10 days.When the 10 days were up，the fish were placed in a tank containing a green dye and then examined.The teeth that were present since the start of the experiment were both red and green，whereas the new teeth were only green.（为了确定鳕鱼换牙的频率，这项新研究的合著者科恩女士和她的同事们在华盛顿大学的周五港实验室保存了20条灵鳕鱼，并跟踪了几天内它们失去和再生的牙齿数量。这些鱼被放置在一个海水中混合了一种红色染料的水箱里，这些染料可以给它们的牙齿上色，然后再回到正常的水箱中10天。10天过后，这些鱼被放置在一个装有绿色染料的容器中，然后进行检测。实验开始后出现的牙齿是红色和绿色的，而新牙齿只有绿色。）可知，本段陈述研究是如何进行的。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章最后一段The way lingcod replace their teeth is likely crucial to their hunting strategy，says Kory Evans，a fish ecologist at Rice University in Houston. "The duller a lingcod's teeth are，the harder it is going to be for it to hold on to its target.So having the ability to shed teeth and replace them is pretty important."（休斯顿莱斯大学的鱼类生态学家Kory Evans说，鳕鱼更换牙齿的方式可能对它们的狩猎策略至关重要。"鳕鱼的牙齿越钝，它就越难抓住目标。所以拥有牙齿脱落和更换的能力是非常重要的。"）可知，鳕鱼的牙齿被替换是为了更好地寻找食物。故选A。
（3）词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段划线词前句The duller a lingcod's teeth are，the harder it is going to be for it to hold on to its target.（鳕鱼的牙齿越钝，它就越难抓住目标。）"和后半句"and replace them is pretty important. （更换的能力是非常重要的。）"和常识可知，鳕鱼牙齿更换前旧的牙齿会脱落。所以shed为"脱落"之意。A.Repair.修理；B.Lose.失去，脱落；C.Sharpen.使变锋利；D.Examine.检查。故选B。
（4）目的意图题。根据文章第二段But a study，published in November in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B，claims that Pacific lingcod keep their teeth sharp and shiny by replacing about three percent of them every day. （但是11月发表在《英国皇家学会学报B》上的一项研究称，太平洋鳕鱼通过每天更换大约3%的牙齿来保持牙齿锋利和闪亮。）及全文可知，文章主要介绍一项新研究的发现，太平洋鳕鱼通过每天更换大约3%的牙齿来保持牙齿锋利和闪亮。所以推断写此篇文章的目的是介绍一项新研究的发现。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新研究的发现，太平洋鳕鱼通过每天更换大约3%的牙齿来保持牙齿锋利和闪亮。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
23~26.【答案】A、C、D、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Additionally，people who believe college athletes should be paid state that paying college athletes will actually encourage them to remain in college longer and not turn professionals as quickly，（此外，那些认为应该给大学运动员发工资的人表示，给大学运动员发工资实际上会鼓励他们在大学呆得更久，而不是更快地成为专业人士）可知，大学运动员被给予报酬后，可能倾向于继续在大学服务。故选A。
（2）词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的if players become unhappy that certain teammates are making more money than they are.（如果球员对某些队友赚的钱比他们多而感到不高兴）可推知，当队友之间因为收入不同而产生不愉快时，就会影响到团队之间的团结和友谊，由此可猜测"harm the camaraderie"中的"camaraderie"与"friendship"同义，表示"友情，同事情谊"。A.competition竞争；B.spirit精神；C.friendship友谊；D.communication交流。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段第一句People who argue against the idea of paying college athletes believe the practice could be disastrous for college sports. （反对向大学运动员付费的人认为这种做法可能会给大学体育带来灾难）可知，持反对意见的人们认为给大学运动员支付薪酬会对大学体育造成损害。故选D。
（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段While both sides have good points，it's clear that the negatives of paying college athletes far outweigh the positives.（尽管双方都有各自的道理，但显然，给大学运动员发工资的负面影响远远大于正面影响）可知，作者认为负面影响大于正面影响，也就是说作者不支持给大学运动员发工资。A.Uncertain.不确定的；B.Unsupportive.不支持的；C.Satisfied.满意的；D.Expectant.期待的。故选B。
本文是一篇议论文。讨论了是否应该给大学运动员发工资。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
27~31.【答案】C、F、A、D、G
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据前句The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University，who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame（这一发现来自英属哥伦比亚大学的 Jessica Tracy 和旧金山州立大学的 David Matsumoto，他们想知道人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的），可知表示"他们尤其想知道这些表达方式是否是文化决定的，是否是通过观察习得的"的选项C符合前后的语境，They指代上文中Jessica Tracy 和 David Matsumoto，故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据前句Its sister competition-the Paralympics-included many athletes who were born blind（它的姊妹比赛—残奥会—包括许多天生失明的运动员），可知表示"因此，他们无法目睹其他人对胜利和失败的反应"的选项F符合前后的语境，they指代上文many athletes who were born blind，故选F。
（3）推理判断题。根据前文Working with a professional photographer，Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors，41 of whom had lost their sight，and 12 of whom were blind from birth.The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions，and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads，arms and bodies.（在一位专业摄影师的帮助下，Tracy 和 Matsumoto 比较了108名参赛者的肢体语言，其中41人后天失明，12人从出生就失明。摄影师在运动员比赛结束后反复拍照，研究人员仔细记录他们头部、手臂和身体的姿势），以及后文The winners tilted their heads up，smiled，lifted their arms and puffed out their chests，while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers（获胜者仰起头、微笑、举起双臂、挺起胸膛，而失败者的标志是肩膀前倾、胸膛狭窄），可知表示"通过分析数据，他们发现有视力和失明的运动员的行为方式几乎完全相同"的选项A符合前后的语境，in almost exactly the same ways是关键词，故选A。
（4）主题判断题。根据后文Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements.And while it's possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions，it's very unlikely that they could have taught them all-particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest（从来没有见过别人有这种行为的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的动作。虽然父母可能教过他们的盲童一些这些动作，但他们不太可能教过他们——尤其是胸部的扩张或缩小），可知表示"运动员的行为有力地证明了他们从出生起就具有天生的动作能力"的选项D本段的主题，since birth和taught them all-particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest是关键词，故选D。
（5）推理判断题。根据前文These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world.Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness，fear and surprise（这些动作在来自世界各地的选手之间也非常一致。Tracy 和 Matsumoto 认为，骄傲和羞耻应该和其他基本情感，如快乐、恐惧和惊讶，一起占有一席之地），可知表示"它们是天生的行为，伴随着它们自己独特的一系列行为"的选项G符合前后的语境，they指代上文中pride and shame，故选G。
本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一个研究人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的方式的实验。
这是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
32.【答案】【小题1】Because in recent years，the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically.
【小题2】Young people's improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment.Because frequentonline expressions of offline behaviours have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment.
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段In recent years，the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically，so a large part of their social and emotional development is occurring while they are on the Internet. （近年来，使用社交媒体的年轻人数量急剧增加，因此他们的社交和情感发展很大一部分是在互联网上进行的。）可知，年轻人的社交和情感发展很大一部分发生在互联网上是因为近年来，使用社交媒体的年轻人数量急剧增加。故答案为 Because in recent years，the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically.
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段Research also indicates that there are frequent online expressions of offline behaviours，which have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment （骚扰）. （研究还表明，线下行为经常在网上表达，导致了网络欺凌和网络骚扰等问题。）可知，人们经常在网上表达线下行为，这带来了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题，并不是"不当的数字足迹"会对网络欺凌和在线骚扰产生影响，由此可知，句中"Young people's improper digital footprint"是错误的，应改为"frequent online expressions of offline behaviours"，因为经常在网上表达线下行为带来了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题。故答案为Young people's improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment.Because frequent online expressions of offline behaviours have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment.
（3）开放性试题。根据第二段Social media allow young people to achieve online many of the tasks that are important to them offline：staying connected with friends and family，making new friends，and exchanging ideas. （社交媒体可以让年轻人在网上完成许多对他们来说很重要的任务：与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友，交流想法。）可知，社交媒体可以让年轻人在网上与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友和交流想法等，由此可知，如果这学期你与学校的距离太远，你可以通过社交媒体与朋友保持联系，与老师交流想法或通过社交媒体获取知识等，答案不唯一，符合文意即可。故参考答案为I will use social media to stay connected with my friends and exchange ideas with my teachers.Besides，I will use social media to get knowledge.
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交媒体给青少年带来的好处和弊端。
阅读表达，要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，根据短文后的题目，在文中找到相关的内容，并用简洁、准确的句子，将理解的内容，书面表达出来。做题时，注意表达的内容不要超出规定的字数。
33.【答案】All audiences are reminded to turn off their mobile phones or mute them.
【解析】全体观众all audiences；被提醒去做某事be reminded to do sth.；关闭turn off；静音mute；根据句意可知用一般现在时。
故填：All audiences are reminded to turn off their mobile phones or mute them.
全体观众被提醒关闭手机或将其调至静音状态。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
34.【答案】The children were covering their ears，but with expectant expressions on their faces.
【解析】孩子们正捂着耳朵The children were covering their ears，根据句意可知，用过去进行时；但but；with expectant expressions on their faces用with+复合宾语。
故填：The children were covering their ears，but with expectant expressions on their faces.
孩子们正捂着耳朵，但脸上却带着期待的表情。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
35.【答案】Fireworks were set off over the city and suddenly lit up the night sky.
【解析】烟花fireworks；在城市上空over the city；燃放set off；and连接两个句子；突然suddenly；照亮了light up；夜空the night sky；根据句意可知，发生在过去，用一般过去时。
故填：Fireworks were set off over the city and suddenly lit up the night sky.
烟花在城市上空燃放，突然照亮了夜空。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
36.【答案】What we eat is not the most important thing and what's important is who we eat it with.
【解析】我们吃什么what we eat作主语；最重要的the most important thing；and连接两个句子；重要的是what's important is；和谁一起吃who we eat it with作表语；根据句意可知，用一般现在时。
故填：What we eat is not the most important thing and what's important is who we eat it with.
我们吃什么并不是最重要的，重要的是和谁一起吃。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
37.【答案】Please turn off the flash when taking photos during the competition.
【解析】当比赛期间拍照时when taking photos during the competition用when引导时间状语从句；请please；关闭turn off；闪光灯the flash；根据句意可知，用一般现在时。
故填：Please turn off the flash when taking photos during the competition.
当比赛期间拍照时，请关闭闪光灯。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
38.【答案】As you grow older，going home with your family is the most important part.
【解析】随着年龄的增长as you grow older；回家和家人在一起going home with your family动名词短语做主语；
最重要的部分the most important part；根据句意可知，用一般现在时。
故填：As you grow older，going home with your family is the most important part.
随着年龄的增长，回家和家人在一起是最重要的部分。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语。
39.【答案】Dear Jim，
I hope that everything goes on well with you．I'm writing to invite you to join us in the English reading circle to be held in our school．We'll feel honored if you are present．【高分句型一】（提出邀请）
The activity is scheduled at 8：00 am this Friday in the auditorium．（时间地点）Aiming to improve the students' understanding of the beauty of foreign literature，the reading circle will allow students to communicate with each other face to face，sharing their own reading experience together．As we consider that you can give us some professional introductions to English literature and some valuable suggestions on English reading，we sincerely hope you can come to join us．【高分句型二】（说明你发出邀请的原因）
Would you be kind enough to spare some time for us？Thank you in advance．Hope to hear from you soon．（询问对方的意向）
Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：We'll feel honored if you are present.
翻译：如果你在场，我们将感到荣幸。
分析：本句使用了if引导的条件状语从句。
高分句型二：As we consider that you can give us some professional introductions to English literature and some valuable suggestions on English reading，we sincerely hope you can come to join us.
翻译：我们认为你可以给我们一些关于英语文学的专业介绍和一些关于英语阅读的宝贵建议，我们真诚地希望你能加入我们。
分析：本句使用了that引导的宾语从句。
书信类作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
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