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2023北京十二中高一（上）期末英语（教师版）
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这是一份2023北京十二中高一（上）期末英语（教师版），共20页。试卷主要包含了本试卷共10页，分为三部分，考试结束时，收答题卡， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023北京十二中高一（上）期末
英 语
考生须知
1.本试卷共10页，分为三部分。总分100分。考试时间90分钟 。
2.将选择题答案填涂在答题卡上，第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
3.考试结束时，收答题卡。
第一部分知识运用(共两节，25分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.
A Good-luck Dumpling
When I was in my middle age, something terrible happened to me. As I was away from ___1___ for almost a year, my wife and children were extremely worried. And my mother, already in her eighties, was on the edge of a nervous breakdown.
On the eve of the Spring Festival, I was finally allowed to return home. Mother looked at me, her eyes filled with ___2___. But soon she said, “Let’s start making dumplings for the Festival.” And then an idea ___3___ her, “Let’s put in a coin and make a good-luck dumpling. Whoever eats it will be blessed (有福的).”
While making the good-luck dumpling, my mother secretly made a(n)___4___ on it. She pretended nothing had happened, but the trick didn’t escape my ___5___.
After Mother boiled the dumplings all by herself she put the good-luck dumpling on top of the others in a bowl on purpose and pushed the bowl to me. Feeling loved, I stared at her in ___6___ eyes.
I had thought it would give her a lovely surprise if she ate the good-luck dumpling. Taking the opportunity when she went to the kitchen, I put the dumpling into her bowl. Obviously, when Mother returned, she didn’t ___7___ it and went on eating with her eyes on me all the time. “Ouch!” suddenly she cried out. The coin had hurt her teeth.
“Oh, Granny is blessed”, my wife ___8___.
“I... how come?” Mother was ___9___. Just at that moment, the coin fell out of her mouth.
So I joined my wife and children, “Granny is blessed! Mother is blessed!”
Mother burst into laughter, and then tears, as my wife and I ____10____ with her all her sadness and joy.
1. A. market B. office C. factory D. home
2. A. disbelief B. curiosity C. horror D. calm
3. A. interested B. impressed C. struck D. changed
4. A. mark B. decision C. try D. note
5. A. hands B. mind C. lips D. eyes
6. A. anxious B. sorrowful C. grateful D. sincere
7. A. take B. notice C. accept D. permit
8. A. argued B. cheered C. warned D. suggested
9. A. touched B. inspired C. confused D. attracted
10. A. shared B. discussed C. remembered D. found
第二节(共10小题:每小题1分;共10分)
Section A
阅读下列短文，根据短文或句子内容填空. 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空.
Festivals ___11___ (be) an important part of society. They reflect people’s wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes towards life. They are occasions ___12___ allow us to relax and enjoy life, and forget about our work for a little while. They help us understand where we came from, who we are, and ___13___ to appreciate. And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
Section B
阅读下列短文，根据短文或句子内容填空. 在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空.
I’m part of an android football team. About once a year we ___14___ (allow) to get together to play a game of football. I’m as big as a human. In fact, I look like one too. On the football team I’m in charge of shooting ___15___I must run very fast. My computer chips help me to move and think like a human. For example, I have learned to send signals ___16___ my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.
Section C
阅读下列短文，根据短文或句子内容填空. 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空.
The colour was rushing to his cheeks, and his eyes were wide open, ___17___ (shine) with joy, and in the centre of each eye, right in the very centre, in the black pupil, a little spark of wild excitement ___18___ (dance) slowly. Then the old man took a deep breath, and suddenly, with no warning whatsoever, an explosion seemed to take place inside him. He threw up his arms and yelled ‘Yippeeeeeeee!’ And at the same time, his long ___19___ (bone) body rose up out of the bed and his bowl of soup went flying into the face of Grandma Josephine, and in one fantastic leap, this old fellow of ninety-six and a half, who ___20___ (be) in bed these last twenty years, jumped on to the floor and started doing a dance of victory in his pajamas.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，共30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.
A
This Tiny Box Will Help You Relax In Terrible Summer Heat!
Traditional Air Conditioners (AC) are outdated. They cost a lot to install and even more to run. They are huge, noisy, and dangerous to clean. You can’t move them around the house with you or take them outside! Thousands of people are now using a much cheaper alternative to cool themselves in the heat and clean their personal air. With over million units sold worldwide, this device is becoming one of the most successful gadgets of 2019. EVERYONE wants this awesome looking box for summer!
What Are We Talking About?
Meet the new AirFreez an innovative alternative to AC that cools you just the same! It’s a perfect solution for those very hot days and nights! The AirFreez was designed by two Swiss engineers who were fed up suffering the hot summers. They realized that AC units are super inefficient and cost a lot of money to use. The engineers also discovered that none of the traditional AC units were made to travel with.
So, they designed this light-weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model! It’s tiny, easy to use and it can cool you in seconds!
What Is So Special About This Little Box?
The main benefits of AirFreez are its portability and price.
It is no larger than a lunchbox. Besides, it can be powered by a pocket solar panel or battery pack and you probably have the world’s most portable AC unit.
And There Is One More Thing. The price is just amazing. Most AC units cost at least $300 AND you have to pay for installation PLUS cover the expensive electricity bills each month.
AirFreez costs less than $100 (Actually $53 for each if you buy more than one here). No messy installation, no expensive electricity bills. For a Cooling unit of this quality, this must be the single best price-quality AC unit there is!
How Can You Get An AirFreez?
Now that you are aware of this amazing new invention, here is how to get one-order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE.
21. Which of the following words can best describe AirFreez?
A. Smart but heavy. B. Costly but multi-functional.
C. Foldable and lasting. D. Handy and energy-saving.
22. What can we learn about AirFreez?
A. It costs less than $53.
B. It requires no complex installation.
C. It doesn’t consume electricity.
D. It is a little larger than a lunch box.
23. What is the purpose of this passage?
A. To advertise Airfreez
B. To explain the functions of AirFreez.
C. To introduce the inventors of AirFreez.
D. To compare AirFreez with traditional AC.
B
I got married just after I graduated from college and found a job to support our family at the nearby Massachusettes Institute of Technology (MIT). It was in the laboratory of Prof. Edward Lorenz that I learned what a computer was and how to develop software.
One day my husband saw a newspaper advertisement. The MIT Instrumentation Laboratory was looking for people to develop software to “send man to the moon”. Deeply attracted both by the idea and the fact that it had never been done before, I became the first programmer to join and the first woman the lab hired.
At the beginning, nobody thought software was such a big deal. But then they began to realize how much they were relying on it. Our software needed to be very reliable and able to detect an error and recover from it at any time during the mission.
My daughter, Lauren, liked to intimate me—playing astronaut. One day, she was with me when I was doing a simulation (模拟) of a mission to the moon. She started hitting keys and all of a sudden, she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon. I thought: my God—this could happen by accident in a real mission. I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight. But the higher-ups at MIT and NASA said the astronauts were too well trained to make such a mistake.
On the very next mission , Apollo 8, one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done. The Lauren bug! It created destruction and required the mission to be rearranged. After that, they let me put the program change in. It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.
During the early days of Apollo, software was not taken as seriously as other engineering disciplines (学科).It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”. Then one day in a meeting, one of the most respected hardware experts explained to everyone that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware. It was a memorable moment.
24. What do we know about the author?
A. She taught Lauren to write software.
B. She got her master's degree from MIT.
C. She is the first woman ever hired by MIT.
D. She created the term “software engineering”.
25. “The Lauren bug” in Para.5 refers to ______.
A. a pet to accompany Lauren B. a mission to land on the moon
C. a mistake causing data loss D. a software ending prelaunch
26. What greatly contributed to Apollo 11's success according to the passage?
A. The in-time upload of data. B. The program change.
C. Astronauts' rich experience. D. Experts' new attitude.
27. What can we learn from Margaret's story?
A. Honesty is the best policy. B. A good beginning is half done.
C. Two heads are better than one. D. Chances favor the prepared mind.
C
If there is one place you don’t want to stick your finger, it’s the mouth of a Pacific lingcod. These fearsome fish have around 500 needlelike teeth sticking out of jaws (颌) that are strong enough to crush crustaceans (甲壳动物).
How lingcod maintain the sharpness of their terrifying teeth has long been a puzzle. But a study, published in November in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, claims that Pacific lingcod keep their teeth sharp and shiny by replacing about three percent of them every day. For a lingcod, that’s up to 20 teeth replaced daily.
In order to determine the frequency at which lingcod replace their teeth, Ms. Cohen, a coauthor of the new study, and her colleagues kept 20 lingcod at the University of Washington’s Friday Harbor Laboratories and tracked how many teeth they lost and regrew over several days. The fish were placed in a tank of seawater mixed with a red dye (染料) that colored their teeth, then returned to their regular tank for 10 days. When the 10 days were up, the fish were placed in a tank containing a green dye and then examined. The teeth that were present since the start of the experiment were both red and green, whereas the new teeth were only green.
After collecting and examining a total of 10,000 teeth, the scientists were able to determine how quickly lingcod lost and regrew their teeth and which teeth were replaced most often.
Lingcod, like most fish, have two sets of jaws: oral jaws and pharyngeal jaws. Their oral jaws are used to catch food while their pharyngeal jaws, which are positioned in their throats, are used to chew their food and move it from their mouths to the stomach. Ms. Carr, the lead author, and colleagues found that teeth are replaced more frequently in the back of the mouth, where most of the chewing and crushing take place.
The way lingcod replace their teeth is likely crucial to their hunting strategy, says Kory Evans, a fish ecologist at Rice University in Houston. “The duller a lingcod’s teeth are, the harder it is going to be for it to hold on to its target. So having the ability to shed teeth and replace them is pretty important.” Dr. Evans said, “In order to make it as a lingcod, you need sharp pointy teeth and all your teeth need to be on point.”
28. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. What role seawater played. B. What conclusion was reached.
C. How the study was conducted. D. How teeth changed their colors.
29. According to the passage, lingcod’s teeth are replaced ___________.
A. every 10 days B. to better hunt for food
C. faster in the oral jaw D. with bigger and sharper ones
30. What does the underlined word “shed” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A. Repair. B. Sharpen. C. Lose. D. Examine.
31. What is the purpose of writing this passage?
A. To warn people of the danger of a fish.
B. To introduce the findings of a new study.
C. To stress the importance of replacing teeth.
D. To suggest new ways to conduct studies on fish.
D
As college sports continue to be hugely popular and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) brings in large amounts of money, people have restarted the debate on whether college athletes should get paid.
Supporters of the idea believe that, because college athletes are bringing in audiences, they should receive some sort of compensation (补偿). In fact, the NCAA brings in about $1 billion income a year, but college athletes don’t receive any of that money in the form of a paycheck. Additionally, people who believe college athletes should be paid state that paying college athletes will actually encourage them to remain in college longer and not turn professionals as quickly, either by giving them a way to begin earning money in college or requiring them to sign a contract (合同) saying they’ll stay at the university for a certain number of years while making an agreed-upon salary.
People who argue against the idea of paying college athletes believe the practice could be disastrous for college sports. Paying athletes would turn college sports into a bidding (竞拍) war, where only the richest schools could afford top athletes, and most schools would be shut out from developing a talented team. It could also harm the camaraderie within many college teams if players become unhappy that certain teammates are making more money than they are.
Those against paying college athletes also believe that the athletes are receiving enough benefits already. The top athletes receive scholarships that are worth tens of thousands per year. They receive free food and textbooks, get travel bonuses and free equipment, and can use their time in college as a way to attract the attention of professional coaches. No other college students receive anywhere near as much from their schools.
While both sides have good points, it’s clear that the negatives of paying college athletes far outweigh the positives. College athletes have been compensated enough. Adding a salary would result in a college athletic system where only a few athletes are paid by some schools who enter bidding wars to sign them up, while most student athletics and college athletic programs suffer or even shut down for lack of money. Continuing to offer the present benefits to student athletes makes it possible for as many people to benefit from and enjoy college sports as possible.
32. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that college athletes ________.
A. have earned what they are promised
B. tend to serve college longer when paid
C. should sign a contract to make an agreed-upon salary
D. prefer to stay at university rather than turn professionals
33. The underlined word “camaraderie” in Paragraph 3 is similar to “________”.
A. friendship B. competition C. spirit D. communication
34. People against paying college athletes believe ________.
A. schools would be unable to afford it
B. it could be harmful to college sports
C. no other college students receive benefits
D. students would value payments over achievements
35. What is the author’s attitude towards paying college athletes?
A. Uncertain. B. Satisfied. C. Unsupportive. D. Expectant.
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，共 10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑. 选项中有两项为多余选项.
Blind Olympic Athletes Show the Universal Nature
Tune into any sports coverage on TV, and you will see many athletes proudly raise their arms and heads in victory, while a much larger number hang their shoulders and necks in defeat. Studies have revealed why—they are universal behaviours, performed by humans in response to success and failure.
The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University, who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame. ____36____ They tried to find a large group of people, and it was critically important that some of these subjects had never seen other people reacting to success or failure before.
The answer was Athens, during the 2004 Olympic Games. Its sister competition—the Paralympics—included many athletes who were born blind. ____37____ Working with a professional photographer, Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors, 41 of whom had lost their sight, and 12 of whom were blind from birth. The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions, and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads, arms and bodies. ____38____ The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.
____39____ Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements. And while it’s possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions, it’s very unlikely that they could have taught them all—particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest.
These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world. Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness, fear and surprise. ____40____
A. They are inborn behaviours and are accompanied by their own distinct sets of actions.
B. In fact, the culture was found to have only a very small effect on their body language.
C. Therefore, they could not have witnessed how other people reacted to winning and losing.
D. The result suggested that the athletes were showing their pride based on careful observation.
E. The athletes’ behaviours give strong evidence that they have had the actions naturally since birth.
F. Analyzing the data, they found that the sighted and sightless athletes behaved in almost exactly the same ways.
G. In particular, they wanted to know whether these expressions were culturally determined and learned through observation.
第三部分书面表达(共两节，35分)
第一节阅读与表达(共3小题;第41题1分，第42题3分，第43题4分，共8分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题.
The Impact of Social Media on Adolescents (青少年)
Using social media has become a routine activity for most young people. In recent years the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically, so a large part of their social and emotional development is occurring while they are on the Internet.
Social media allow young people to achieve many of the online tasks that are important to them offline: staying connected with friends and family, making new friends, and exchanging ideas. Some schools successfully use blogs as teaching tools, which has the benefit of improving skills in written expression and creativity. At the same time, social media helps them get what they want, increase their knowledge and confidence in their academic (学业的) performance.
While social media provides many benefits, it can also have a negative impact on young people, both physically and mentally. It is easy to become addicted, and research shows that students who spend too much time on social media can suffer from poor sleep, eye fatigue, negative body image, depression, anxiety and more. Research also indicates that there are frequent online expressions of offline behaviours, which have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment (骚扰).
Using social media becomes a risk to adolescents more than they can realise. When people go on to websites, they leave evidence of their visits. This ongoing record of online activity is called the “digital footprint”. One of the biggest threats to young people on social media is to their digital footprint and future reputations (名誉). Young people who lack an awareness of privacy issues often post inappropriate material without understanding that “what goes online stays online”. As a result, future jobs and college acceptance maybe put in danger by inexperienced clicks of the mouse.
41. Why is a large part of young people’s social and emotional development occurring on the Internet?
____________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Young people’s improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment.
____________________________________________________________
43. You have been physically distanced from school for more than one month in this term. How do you make full use of social media to better your life and study? Please give one or two examples. (In about 40 words)
____________________________________________________________
第二节根据下面所给中文，默写英文句子。(12分)
44. 全体观众被提醒关闭手机或将其调至静音状态。(汉译英)
45. 孩子们正捂着耳朵，但脸上却带着期待的表情。(汉译英)
46. 烟花城市上空燃放，突然照亮了夜空。(汉译英)
47. 我们吃什么并不是最重要的。重要的是和谁一起吃。(汉译英)
48. 当比赛期间拍照时，请关闭闪光灯。(汉译英)
49. 随着年龄的增长，回家和家人在一起是最重要的部分。(汉译英)
第三节书面表达(15分)。
50. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，请给你的外教Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加你们年级举行的英语读书会(reading circle)活动。
邮件的内容包括：
1.介绍读书活动的相关信息(例如：时间、地点、活动内容等)：
2.说明你发出邀请的原因：
3.询问对方的意向。
注意：1.词数100字左右：
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
第一部分知识运用(共两节，25分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了离家很久的作者，在返回家中时，思念成疾的母亲为他做幸运饺子的感人故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于我离家将近一年了，我的妻子和孩子们都非常担心。A. market市场；B. office办公室；C. factory工厂；D. home家。根据下文“On the eve of the Spring Festival, I was finally allowed to return home.”可知，在春节前夕，我终于获准回家了，所以此处是说我离开家已将近一年，我的妻子和孩子们都非常担心。故选D项。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：母亲看着我，眼里充满了怀疑。A. disbelief怀疑；B. curiosity好奇；C. horror荣耀；D. calm平静。根据上文“And my mother, already in her eighties, was on the edge of a nervous breakdown.”可知，我离家近一年，母亲非常想念我，所以在我返回到家中时，她难以置信我回来了。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后她想到了一个主意：“我们放一枚硬币，做一个幸运饺子。谁吃到，谁就有福气。”A. interested使……感兴趣；B. impressed对……印象深刻；C. struck击中；D. changed改变。根据上文“Let’s start making dumplings for the Festival.”可知，母亲开始只是要为春节做饺子，所以做一个幸运饺子，这是她后来想到的一个主意。An idea struck sb.意思是“某人突然想到一个主意”。故选C项。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在做这个幸运饺子的时候，母亲偷偷地在上面做了个标记。A. mark标记；B. decision决定；C. try尝试；D. note笔记。根据下文“she put the good-luck dumpling on top of the others in a bowl on purpose and pushed the bowl to me.”可知，母亲在饺子煮好后，准确地找到这个幸运饺子并放到了我的碗里，所以说她在包饺子时就做好了标记。故选A项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她假装什么也没发生，但这个伎俩没有逃脱我的眼睛。A. hands手；B. mind思想；C. lips嘴唇；D. eyes眼睛。根据下文“Feeling loved, I stared at her in ___6___ eyes.”可知，在母亲把幸运饺子特意放在我的碗里时，我感受到了被爱，并且感激地看着她，说明我早已发现她做了标记的真相。故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感受到了被爱，所以我充满感激地看着她。A. anxious焦急的；B. sorrowful伤心的；C. grateful感激的；D. sincere真诚的。根据上文“she put the good-luck dumpling on top of the others in a bowl on purpose and pushed the bowl to me.”和“Feeling loved”可知，母亲把幸运饺子特意放在我的碗里，由此我感受到了母亲的爱，所以我充满感激地看着她。故选C项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：母亲回来了，她没有注意到放在她碗里的幸运饺子，继续吃饭，眼睛一直看着我。A. take拿走；B. notice注意；C. accept接受；D. permit允许。根据下文“and went on eating with her eyes on me all the time”可知，母亲继续吃饭时，眼睛一直看着我，所以她没有注意到我把那个幸运饺子放在她的碗里了。故选B项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“哦，奶奶最有福气”，我的妻子欢呼道。A. argued争论；B. cheered欢呼；C. warned警告；D. suggested建议。根据上文“Whoever eats it will be blessed (有福的).”可知，谁吃到幸运饺子，谁就有福气，所以妻子会欢呼，为母亲吃到幸运饺子而高兴。故选B项。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“为什么是我？”母亲很迷惑。A. touched被感动的；B. inspired受鼓舞的；C. confused迷惑的；D. attracted被吸引的。根据上文“she put the good-luck dumpling on top of the others in a bowl on purpose and pushed the bowl to me.”和““I... how come?””可知，母亲把幸运饺子特意放在我的碗里，所以现在她自己却吃到了它，她感到很迷惑不解。故选C项。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：母亲突然大笑起来，然后流泪，我和妻子与她一起分享她所有的悲伤和喜悦。A. shared分享；B. discussed讨论；C. remembered记住；D. found发现。根据上文“Mother burst into laughter, and then tears”可知，母亲一下明白了我对她的爱，她所受过的再多的苦也是值得的，这让她悲喜交加，所以此时我和妻子陪着她，一起分享她所有的悲伤和喜悦。故选A项。
第二节(共10小题:每小题1分;共10分)
【答案】11. are
12. that##which
13. what
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了节日是社会重要的一部分。它们反映了人们人们的愿望、信仰和对生活的态度。节日是让我们放松和享受生活的场合，可以暂时忘记我们的工作。不同的文化中的节日实际上有很多共同之处。
【11题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：节日是社会重要的一部分。文章讲述事实用一般现在时，主语festivals是复数，故填are。
12题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：它们是让我们放松和享受生活的场合，可以暂时忘记我们的工作。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词occasions，指物，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词which或者that引导定语从句，故填which/that
【13题详解】
考查疑问句。句意：它们帮助我们了解我们从哪里来，我们是谁，以及应该感激什么。分析句子可知，空处填疑问词，“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，与“where we came from, who we are”作并列宾语，根据句意，what“什么”符合语境，作appreciate的宾语，故填what。
【答案】14. are allowed 15. so 16. to
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章是一名机器人足球运动员讲述自己的经历。
【14题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：大约一年一次，我们被允许聚在一起踢足球。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，句子描述一般性事实应用一般现在时，且动词allow与主语we是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动，主语是we，故填are allowed。
【15题详解】
考查连词。句意：在足球队我负责射击，所以我必须跑得很快。连接两个句子需用连词，根据句意，前后文是因果关系，故填so。
【16题详解】
考查介词。句意：例如，我学会了用计算机语言向我的队友发送信号，让他们在我处于空位并有机会射门时把球给我。send sth. to sb.“发送……给某人”，是固定短语，故填to。
【答案】17. shining
18. was dancing
19. bony 20. had been
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章是英文名著《查理和巧克力工厂》的节选。讲述了一位96岁的老人的心理和动作变化。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：红晕涌上了他的脸颊，他的眼睛睁得大大的，闪烁着喜悦的光芒，在每只眼睛的中央，在黑色瞳孔的正中央，有一点疯狂兴奋的火花在慢慢跳动。分析句子可知，“(shine) with joy”作状语，用非谓语动词形式，shine与逻辑主语his eyes是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填shining。
【18题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，and连接两个分句，dance在后一分句中作谓语，文章主时态是一般过去时，根据句意，此处表示过去一段时间正在进行动作，用过去进行时，主语spark是单数，谓语动词用单数。故填was dancing。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：与此同时，他那瘦长的身体从床上跳了起来，他那碗汤飞到了约瑟芬奶奶的脸上。这个九十六岁半的老人，过去二十年一直躺在床上，奇妙的一个跳跃，跳到地板上，开始穿着睡衣跳起了胜利的舞蹈。分析句子可知，空处修饰名词body，用形容词作定语，故填bony。
【20题详解】
考查时态。句意同上。分析句子可知，who引导定语从句，修饰this old fellow，根据句意，“躺在床上二十年”先于jumped，表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。故填had been。
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，共30分)
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇广告类文章。主要介绍了一个被称作AirFreez的小盒子能帮你在酷暑中放松。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据What Are We Talking About?中“So, they designed this light-weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model! It’s tiny, easy to use and it can cool you in seconds!”（所以，他们设计了这个重量轻，便携的空气冷却盒。它使用非常少的电力和所有没有牺牲任何一个顶级交流模式的主要好处！它很小，容易使用，可以在几秒钟内使你凉快！）可知，“方便和节能”可以最好地描述AirFreez。故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据What Is So Special About This Little Box?中“No messy installation, no expensive electricity bills.”（没有凌乱的安装，没有昂贵的电费。）可知，关于AirFreez我们能了解到它不需要复杂的安装。故选B项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“How Can You Get An AirFreez? Now that you are aware of this amazing new invention, here is how to get one-order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE.”（如何获得airfreeze？现在，你已经意识到这个惊人的新发明，这里将是如何从官方网站获得一个订单，并且以最好的价格呈现给你。）故可推知，这篇文章的目的是为Airfreez做广告。故选A项。
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. B 27. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者是一个学习软件开发的女性，一次偶然的机会她从事了开发“载人登月”软件的工作，作者基于女儿在游戏中犯的一个错误建议更改程序以防止在飞行过程中选择预启动程序，事实证明这对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”.”可知，作者在绝望中提出了“软件工程”这个词，故D项正确。
【25题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon.”可知，作者的女儿劳伦犯了一个错误——选择了一个程序，这个程序应该是在启动前运行的，计算机的空间太小，以至于它抹去了带她去月球的导航数据，再根据画线词前的“one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done.”可知，一名宇航员不小心做了劳伦做过的事（犯的错误），由此可知画线词词义为“造成数据丢失的错误”，故C项正确。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.”可知，正是程序的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响，故B项正确。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的 “I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight.”及倒数第二段中的“It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.”可知，作者建议更改程序以防止在飞行过程中选择预启动程序，正是程序的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响，由此可知，作者的故事告诉我们机会总是垂青有准备的人，故D项正确。
【点睛】本篇第2题词义猜测题难度较大，抓住作者的女儿劳伦在操作过程中犯的错误是关键，根据第四段中的“she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon.”可知，劳伦犯了一个错误——选择了一个程序，这个程序应该是在启动前运行的，计算机的空间太小，以至于它抹去了带她去月球的导航数据，再根据画线词前的“one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done.”可知，一名宇航员不小心做了劳伦做过的事，也就是说他也犯了同样的错误，由此可知画线词词义为“造成数据丢失的错误”。
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新研究的发现，太平洋鳕鱼通过每天更换大约3%的牙齿来保持牙齿锋利和闪亮。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“In order to determine the frequency at which lingcod replace their teeth, Ms. Cohen, a coauthor of the new study, and her colleagues kept 20 lingcod at the University of Washington’s Friday Harbor Laboratories and tracked how many teeth they lost and regrew over several days. The fish were placed in a tank of seawater mixed with a red dye (染料) that colored their teeth, then returned to their regular tank for 10 days. When the 10 days were up, the fish were placed in a tank containing a green dye and then examined. The teeth that were present since the start of the experiment were both red and green, whereas the new teeth were only green.(为了确定鳕鱼换牙的频率，这项新研究的合著者科恩女士和她的同事们在华盛顿大学的周五港实验室保存了20条灵鳕鱼，并跟踪了几天内它们失去和再生的牙齿数量。这些鱼被放置在一个海水中混合了一种红色染料的水箱里，这些染料可以给它们的牙齿上色，然后再回到正常的水箱中10天。10天过后，这些鱼被放置在一个装有绿色染料的容器中，然后进行检测。实验开始后出现的牙齿是红色和绿色的，而新牙齿只有绿色。)”可知，本段陈述研究是如何进行的。故选C。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The way lingcod replace their teeth is likely crucial to their hunting strategy, says Kory Evans, a fish ecologist at Rice University in Houston. “The duller a lingcod’s teeth are, the harder it is going to be for it to hold on to its target. So having the ability to shed teeth and replace them is pretty important.”(休斯顿莱斯大学的鱼类生态学家Kory Evans说，鳕鱼更换牙齿的方式可能对它们的狩猎策略至关重要。“鳕鱼的牙齿越钝，它就越难抓住目标。所以拥有牙齿脱落和更换的能力是非常重要的。”)”可知，鳕鱼的牙齿被替换是为了更好地寻找食物。故选B。
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段划线词前句“The duller a lingcod’s teeth are, the harder it is going to be for it to hold on to its target.(鳕鱼的牙齿越钝，它就越难抓住目标。)”和后半句“and replace them is pretty important. (更换的能力是非常重要的。)”和常识可知，鳕鱼牙齿更换前旧的牙齿会脱落。所以shed为“脱落”之意。故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But a study, published in November in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, claims that Pacific lingcod keep their teeth sharp and shiny by replacing about three percent of them every day. (但是11月发表在《英国皇家学会学报B》上的一项研究称，太平洋鳕鱼通过每天更换大约3%的牙齿来保持牙齿锋利和闪亮。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍一项新研究的发现，太平洋鳕鱼通过每天更换大约3%的牙齿来保持牙齿锋利和闪亮。所以推断写此篇文章的目的是介绍一项新研究的发现。故选B。
【答案】32. B 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。讨论了是否应该给大学运动员发工资。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Additionally, people who believe college athletes should be paid state that paying college athletes will actually encourage them to remain in college longer and not turn professionals as quickly, (此外，那些认为应该给大学运动员发工资的人表示，给大学运动员发工资实际上会鼓励他们在大学呆得更久，而不是更快地成为专业人士)”可知，大学运动员被给予报酬后，可能倾向于继续在大学服务。故选B。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“if players become unhappy that certain teammates are making more money than they are.(如果球员对某些队友赚的钱比他们多而感到不高兴)”可推知，当队友之间因为收入不同而产生不愉快时，就会影响到团队之间的团结和友谊，由此可猜测“harm the camaraderie”中的“camaraderie”与“friendship”同义，表示“友情；同事情谊”。故选A。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“People who argue against the idea of paying college athletes believe the practice could be disastrous for college sports. (反对向大学运动员付费的人认为这种做法可能会给大学体育带来灾难)”可知，持反对意见的人们认为给大学运动员支付薪酬会对大学体育造成损害。故选B。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“While both sides have good points, it’s clear that the negatives of paying college athletes far outweigh the positives.(尽管双方都有各自的道理，但显然，给大学运动员发工资的负面影响远远大于正面影响)”可知，作者认为负面影响大于正面影响，也就是说作者不支持给大学运动员发工资。故选C。
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，共 10 分)
【答案】36. G 37. C 38. F 39. E 40. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现人们对成功和失败的反应是天生的，介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及研究发现。
【36题详解】
根据上文“The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University, who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame. (这一发现来自英属哥伦比亚大学的Jessica Tracy和旧金山州立大学的David Matsumoto，他们想知道人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的)”可知，上文提到Jessica Tracy和David Matsumoto想知道人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的，本句应承接上文进一步说明他们想法，G选项中They指代上文中Jessica Tracy和David Matsumoto。故G选项“他们尤其想知道这些表达方式是否是文化决定的，是否是通过观察习得的”符合语境，故选G。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Its sister competition—the Paralympics—included many athletes who were born blind. (它的姊妹比赛——残奥会——包括许多天生失明的运动员)”可知，上文提到残奥会包括许多眼睛看不见的运动员，故本句与上文构成因果关系，表示这些人无法目睹其他人对胜利和失败的反应，C选项中they指代上文many athletes who were born blind。故C选项“因此，他们无法目睹其他人对胜利和失败的反应”符合语境，故选C。
【38题详解】
根据上文“Working with a professional photographer, Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors, 41 of whom had lost their sight, and 12 of whom were blind from birth. The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions, and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads, arms and bodies. (在一位专业摄影师的帮助下，Tracy 和Matsumoto比较了108名参赛者的肢体语言，其中41人后天失明，12人从出生就失明。摄影师在运动员比赛结束后反复拍照，研究人员仔细记录他们头部、手臂和身体的姿势)”以及后文“The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.(获胜者仰起头、微笑、举起双臂、挺起胸膛，而失败者的标志是肩膀前倾、胸膛狭窄)”可知，上文提到Tracy 和Matsumoto在对比运动员的姿势，后文则提到了一些获胜者和失败者所共有的肢体动作，可推测他们发现有视力和失明的运动员的行为方式几乎完全相同，故F选项“通过分析数据，他们发现有视力和失明的运动员的行为方式几乎完全相同”符合语境，故选F。
【39题详解】
根据上一段中“The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.(获胜者仰起头、微笑、举起双臂、挺起胸膛，而失败者的标志是肩膀前倾、胸膛狭窄)”以及后文“Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements. And while it’s possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions, it’s very unlikely that they could have taught them all—particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest.(从来没有见过别人有这种行为的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的动作。虽然父母可能教过他们的盲童一些这些动作，但他们不太可能教过他们——尤其是胸部的扩张或缩小)”可知，上一段对比的结果是有视力和失明的运动员行为方式几乎完全相同，都做出了一些共有的动作，后文则提到从来没有见过别人有这种行为的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的动作，可推测他们的行为证明了这些动作能力是天生就有的。故E选项“运动员的行为有力地证明了他们从出生起就具有天生的动作能力”符合语境，故选E。
【40题详解】
根据上文“These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world. Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness, fear and surprise. (这些动作在来自世界各地的选手之间也非常一致。Tracy和Matsumoto认为，骄傲和羞耻应该和其他基本情感，如快乐、恐惧和惊讶，一起占有一席之地)”可知，来自世界各地的选手动作也一致，说明骄傲和羞耻是天生的行为，A选项中they指代上文中pride and shame。故A选项“它们是天生的行为，伴随着它们自己独特的一系列行为”符合语境，故选A。
第三部分书面表达(共两节，35分)
第一节阅读与表达(共3小题;第41题1分，第42题3分，第43题4分，共8分)
【答案】41. Because in recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically.
42. Young people’s improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment. Because frequent online expressions of offline behaviours have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment.
43. I will use social media to stay connected with my friends and exchange ideas with my teachers. Besides, I will use social media to get knowledge.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交媒体给青少年带来的好处和弊端。
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段关键句“In recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically, so a large part of their social and emotional development is occurring while they are on the Internet. (近年来，使用社交媒体的年轻人数量急剧增加，因此他们的社交和情感发展很大一部分是在互联网上进行的。)”可知，年轻人的社交和情感发展很大一部分发生在互联网上是因为近年来，使用社交媒体的年轻人数量急剧增加。故答案为Because in recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically.
【42题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第三段的“Research also indicates that there are frequent online expressions of offline behaviours, which have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment (骚扰). (研究还表明，线下行为经常在网上表达，导致了网络欺凌和网络骚扰等问题。)”可知，人们经常在网上表达线下行为，这带来了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题，并不是“不当的数字足迹”会对网络欺凌和在线骚扰产生影响，由此可知，句中“Young people’s improper digital footprint”是错误的，应改为“frequent online expressions of offline behaviours”，因为经常在网上表达线下行为带来了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题。故答案为Young people’s improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment. Because frequent online expressions of offline behaviours have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment.
【43题详解】
开放性试题。根据第二段关键句“Social media allow young people to achieve online many of the tasks that are important to them offline: staying connected with friends and family, making new friends, and exchanging ideas. (社交媒体可以让年轻人在网上完成许多对他们来说很重要的任务：与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友，交流想法。)”可知，社交媒体可以让年轻人在网上与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友和交流想法等，由此可知，如果这学期你与学校的距离太远，你可以通过社交媒体与朋友保持联系，与老师交流想法或通过社交媒体获取知识等，答案不唯一，符合文意即可。故参考答案为I will use social media to stay connected with my friends and exchange ideas with my teachers. Besides, I will use social media to get knowledge.
第二节根据下面所给中文，默写英文句子。(12分)
44. 【答案】The entire audience was reminded to turn off or mute their mobile phones.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态和短语。根据句意可知，用一般过去时，“全体观众”译为the entire audience，“提醒”译为remind，与主语audience是被动关系，主语表示一个整体，为单数，故用was reminded，remind sb.to do sth.“提醒某人做某事”，“关闭”译为turn off，“静音”译为muse，“他们的手机”译为their mobile phones，故答案为The entire audience was reminded to turn off or mute their mobile phones.
45. 【答案】Children were covering their ears but with an expectant look on their faces.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、短语和with复合结构。根据句意，本句描述过去某一时刻正在发生的事情，时态应用过去进行时。表示“捂着”用动词cover；表示“孩子们正捂着着耳朵”用Children were covering their ears。表示“但是”用连词but；表示“脸上带着期待的表情”用with复合结构表达，即with an expectant look on their faces。故翻译为Children were covering their ears but with an expectant look on their faces.
46. 【答案】Fireworks were being let off over the city, suddenly lighting up the night sky.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，短语和非谓语动词。根据句意可知，描述过去某一时刻正在发生的事情用过去进行时，主语“烟花”译为firework，可数名词，表示不止一个烟花，用复数，谓语动词“燃放”可译为短语let off，与fireworks是被动关系，用被动语态，“在城市上空”译为over the city，“突然”作状语用suddenly，“照亮”译为light up，与主语fireworks是主动关系，用现在分词形式作状语，“夜空”译为the night sky。故答案为Fireworks were being let off over the city, suddenly lighting up the night sky.
47. 【答案】What we eat isn’t the most important thing. What’s important is whom we eat it with.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，从句和主谓一致。根据句意可知，描述客观事实用一般现在时，分析句子可知，本句为的两个复合句，第一句子主语用从句，what we eat“我们吃的”，表语“最重要的事情”译为the most important thing，第二个句子主语“最重要的是”译为为主语从句what’important，表语“和谁一起吃”译为表语从句whom we eat it with，从句作主语谓语动词应单数，故答案为What we eat isn’t the most important thing. What’s important is whom we eat it with.
48. 【答案】Please turn off the flashlight when taking photos during the game.
【解析】
【详解】考查祈使句，从句和省略。分析句子可知，主句是祈使句，“关闭”译为turn off，“闪光灯”译为the flashlight，“当比赛期间拍照时”是时间状语从句，主从句主语一致可使用状语从句的省略，“拍照”译为take photo，与逻辑主语you是主动关系，所以take用现在分词形式，“比赛期间”译为during the game，故翻译为 Please turn off the flashlight when taking photos during the game.
49. 【答案】 As I get older, coming home and being with my entire family is the most important part.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，从句和非谓语动词。根据句意描述事实用一般现在时，分析句子可知句子是主从复合句，“随着年龄的增长”可译为时间状语从句，as“随着”，get older“长大”，故从句译为as I get older，主句主语“回家和家人在一起”译为come home and be with my entire family，作主语用动名词形式，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，故谓语动词为is，“最重要的部分”译为the most important part，故答案为As I get older, coming home and being with my entire family is the most important part.
第三节书面表达(15分)。
50. 【答案】Dear Jim,
I hope that everything goes on well with you. I'm writing to invite you to join us in the English reading circle to be held in our school. We’ll feel honored if you are present.
The activity is scheduled at 8:00 am this Friday in the auditorium. Aiming to improve the students understanding of the beauty of foreign literature, the reading circle will allow students to communicate with each other face to face, sharing their own reading experience together. As we consider that you can give us some professional introductions to English literature and some valuable suggestions on English reading, we sincerely hope that you can come to join us.
Would you be kind enough to spare some time for us? Thank you in advance. Hope to hear from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给你的外教Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加你们年级举行的英语读书会(reading circle)活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
荣幸的：honored→ privileged
提高：improve → enhance
宝贵的：valuable→ precious
考虑：consider→take into consideration
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I'm writing to invite you to join us in the English reading circle to be held in our school.
拓展句：I'm writing to invite you to join us in the English reading circle, which will be held in our school.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Aiming to improve the students understanding of the beauty of foreign literature, the reading circle will allow students to communicate with each other face to face, sharing their own reading experience together.（运用了现在分词短语作状语，和不定式作宾语补足语。）
【高分句型2】As we consider that you can give us some professional introductions to English literature and some valuable suggestions on English reading, we sincerely hope that you can come to join us.（运用了连词as引导的原因状语从句和that引导的宾语从句。）
2023北京十二中高一（上）期末
英 语
考生须知
1.本试卷共10页，分为三部分。总分100分。考试时间90分钟 。
2.将选择题答案填涂在答题卡上，第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。
3.考试结束时，收答题卡。
第一部分知识运用(共两节，25分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.
A Good-luck Dumpling
When I was in my middle age, something terrible happened to me. As I was away from ___1___ for almost a year, my wife and children were extremely worried. And my mother, already in her eighties, was on the edge of a nervous breakdown.
On the eve of the Spring Festival, I was finally allowed to return home. Mother looked at me, her eyes filled with ___2___. But soon she said, “Let’s start making dumplings for the Festival.” And then an idea ___3___ her, “Let’s put in a coin and make a good-luck dumpling. Whoever eats it will be blessed (有福的).”
While making the good-luck dumpling, my mother secretly made a(n)___4___ on it. She pretended nothing had happened, but the trick didn’t escape my ___5___.
After Mother boiled the dumplings all by herself she put the good-luck dumpling on top of the others in a bowl on purpose and pushed the bowl to me. Feeling loved, I stared at her in ___6___ eyes.
I had thought it would give her a lovely surprise if she ate the good-luck dumpling. Taking the opportunity when she went to the kitchen, I put the dumpling into her bowl. Obviously, when Mother returned, she didn’t ___7___ it and went on eating with her eyes on me all the time. “Ouch!” suddenly she cried out. The coin had hurt her teeth.
“Oh, Granny is blessed”, my wife ___8___.
“I... how come?” Mother was ___9___. Just at that moment, the coin fell out of her mouth.
So I joined my wife and children, “Granny is blessed! Mother is blessed!”
Mother burst into laughter, and then tears, as my wife and I ____10____ with her all her sadness and joy.
1. A. market B. office C. factory D. home
2. A. disbelief B. curiosity C. horror D. calm
3. A. interested B. impressed C. struck D. changed
4. A. mark B. decision C. try D. note
5. A. hands B. mind C. lips D. eyes
6. A. anxious B. sorrowful C. grateful D. sincere
7. A. take B. notice C. accept D. permit
8. A. argued B. cheered C. warned D. suggested
9. A. touched B. inspired C. confused D. attracted
10. A. shared B. discussed C. remembered D. found
第二节(共10小题:每小题1分;共10分)
Section A
阅读下列短文，根据短文或句子内容填空. 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空.
Festivals ___11___ (be) an important part of society. They reflect people’s wishes, beliefs, faiths, and attitudes towards life. They are occasions ___12___ allow us to relax and enjoy life, and forget about our work for a little while. They help us understand where we came from, who we are, and ___13___ to appreciate. And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
Section B
阅读下列短文，根据短文或句子内容填空. 在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空.
I’m part of an android football team. About once a year we ___14___ (allow) to get together to play a game of football. I’m as big as a human. In fact, I look like one too. On the football team I’m in charge of shooting ___15___I must run very fast. My computer chips help me to move and think like a human. For example, I have learned to send signals ___16___ my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.
Section C
阅读下列短文，根据短文或句子内容填空. 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空.
The colour was rushing to his cheeks, and his eyes were wide open, ___17___ (shine) with joy, and in the centre of each eye, right in the very centre, in the black pupil, a little spark of wild excitement ___18___ (dance) slowly. Then the old man took a deep breath, and suddenly, with no warning whatsoever, an explosion seemed to take place inside him. He threw up his arms and yelled ‘Yippeeeeeeee!’ And at the same time, his long ___19___ (bone) body rose up out of the bed and his bowl of soup went flying into the face of Grandma Josephine, and in one fantastic leap, this old fellow of ninety-six and a half, who ___20___ (be) in bed these last twenty years, jumped on to the floor and started doing a dance of victory in his pajamas.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，共30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.
A
This Tiny Box Will Help You Relax In Terrible Summer Heat!
Traditional Air Conditioners (AC) are outdated. They cost a lot to install and even more to run. They are huge, noisy, and dangerous to clean. You can’t move them around the house with you or take them outside! Thousands of people are now using a much cheaper alternative to cool themselves in the heat and clean their personal air. With over million units sold worldwide, this device is becoming one of the most successful gadgets of 2019. EVERYONE wants this awesome looking box for summer!
What Are We Talking About?
Meet the new AirFreez an innovative alternative to AC that cools you just the same! It’s a perfect solution for those very hot days and nights! The AirFreez was designed by two Swiss engineers who were fed up suffering the hot summers. They realized that AC units are super inefficient and cost a lot of money to use. The engineers also discovered that none of the traditional AC units were made to travel with.
So, they designed this light-weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model! It’s tiny, easy to use and it can cool you in seconds!
What Is So Special About This Little Box?
The main benefits of AirFreez are its portability and price.
It is no larger than a lunchbox. Besides, it can be powered by a pocket solar panel or battery pack and you probably have the world’s most portable AC unit.
And There Is One More Thing. The price is just amazing. Most AC units cost at least $300 AND you have to pay for installation PLUS cover the expensive electricity bills each month.
AirFreez costs less than $100 (Actually $53 for each if you buy more than one here). No messy installation, no expensive electricity bills. For a Cooling unit of this quality, this must be the single best price-quality AC unit there is!
How Can You Get An AirFreez?
Now that you are aware of this amazing new invention, here is how to get one-order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE.
21. Which of the following words can best describe AirFreez?
A. Smart but heavy. B. Costly but multi-functional.
C. Foldable and lasting. D. Handy and energy-saving.
22. What can we learn about AirFreez?
A. It costs less than $53.
B. It requires no complex installation.
C. It doesn’t consume electricity.
D. It is a little larger than a lunch box.
23. What is the purpose of this passage?
A. To advertise Airfreez
B. To explain the functions of AirFreez.
C. To introduce the inventors of AirFreez.
D. To compare AirFreez with traditional AC.
B
I got married just after I graduated from college and found a job to support our family at the nearby Massachusettes Institute of Technology (MIT). It was in the laboratory of Prof. Edward Lorenz that I learned what a computer was and how to develop software.
One day my husband saw a newspaper advertisement. The MIT Instrumentation Laboratory was looking for people to develop software to “send man to the moon”. Deeply attracted both by the idea and the fact that it had never been done before, I became the first programmer to join and the first woman the lab hired.
At the beginning, nobody thought software was such a big deal. But then they began to realize how much they were relying on it. Our software needed to be very reliable and able to detect an error and recover from it at any time during the mission.
My daughter, Lauren, liked to intimate me—playing astronaut. One day, she was with me when I was doing a simulation (模拟) of a mission to the moon. She started hitting keys and all of a sudden, she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon. I thought: my God—this could happen by accident in a real mission. I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight. But the higher-ups at MIT and NASA said the astronauts were too well trained to make such a mistake.
On the very next mission , Apollo 8, one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done. The Lauren bug! It created destruction and required the mission to be rearranged. After that, they let me put the program change in. It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.
During the early days of Apollo, software was not taken as seriously as other engineering disciplines (学科).It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”. Then one day in a meeting, one of the most respected hardware experts explained to everyone that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware. It was a memorable moment.
24. What do we know about the author?
A. She taught Lauren to write software.
B. She got her master's degree from MIT.
C. She is the first woman ever hired by MIT.
D. She created the term “software engineering”.
25. “The Lauren bug” in Para.5 refers to ______.
A. a pet to accompany Lauren B. a mission to land on the moon
C. a mistake causing data loss D. a software ending prelaunch
26. What greatly contributed to Apollo 11's success according to the passage?
A. The in-time upload of data. B. The program change.
C. Astronauts' rich experience. D. Experts' new attitude.
27. What can we learn from Margaret's story?
A. Honesty is the best policy. B. A good beginning is half done.
C. Two heads are better than one. D. Chances favor the prepared mind.
C
If there is one place you don’t want to stick your finger, it’s the mouth of a Pacific lingcod. These fearsome fish have around 500 needlelike teeth sticking out of jaws (颌) that are strong enough to crush crustaceans (甲壳动物).
How lingcod maintain the sharpness of their terrifying teeth has long been a puzzle. But a study, published in November in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, claims that Pacific lingcod keep their teeth sharp and shiny by replacing about three percent of them every day. For a lingcod, that’s up to 20 teeth replaced daily.
In order to determine the frequency at which lingcod replace their teeth, Ms. Cohen, a coauthor of the new study, and her colleagues kept 20 lingcod at the University of Washington’s Friday Harbor Laboratories and tracked how many teeth they lost and regrew over several days. The fish were placed in a tank of seawater mixed with a red dye (染料) that colored their teeth, then returned to their regular tank for 10 days. When the 10 days were up, the fish were placed in a tank containing a green dye and then examined. The teeth that were present since the start of the experiment were both red and green, whereas the new teeth were only green.
After collecting and examining a total of 10,000 teeth, the scientists were able to determine how quickly lingcod lost and regrew their teeth and which teeth were replaced most often.
Lingcod, like most fish, have two sets of jaws: oral jaws and pharyngeal jaws. Their oral jaws are used to catch food while their pharyngeal jaws, which are positioned in their throats, are used to chew their food and move it from their mouths to the stomach. Ms. Carr, the lead author, and colleagues found that teeth are replaced more frequently in the back of the mouth, where most of the chewing and crushing take place.
The way lingcod replace their teeth is likely crucial to their hunting strategy, says Kory Evans, a fish ecologist at Rice University in Houston. “The duller a lingcod’s teeth are, the harder it is going to be for it to hold on to its target. So having the ability to shed teeth and replace them is pretty important.” Dr. Evans said, “In order to make it as a lingcod, you need sharp pointy teeth and all your teeth need to be on point.”
28. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. What role seawater played. B. What conclusion was reached.
C. How the study was conducted. D. How teeth changed their colors.
29. According to the passage, lingcod’s teeth are replaced ___________.
A. every 10 days B. to better hunt for food
C. faster in the oral jaw D. with bigger and sharper ones
30. What does the underlined word “shed” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A. Repair. B. Sharpen. C. Lose. D. Examine.
31. What is the purpose of writing this passage?
A. To warn people of the danger of a fish.
B. To introduce the findings of a new study.
C. To stress the importance of replacing teeth.
D. To suggest new ways to conduct studies on fish.
D
As college sports continue to be hugely popular and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) brings in large amounts of money, people have restarted the debate on whether college athletes should get paid.
Supporters of the idea believe that, because college athletes are bringing in audiences, they should receive some sort of compensation (补偿). In fact, the NCAA brings in about $1 billion income a year, but college athletes don’t receive any of that money in the form of a paycheck. Additionally, people who believe college athletes should be paid state that paying college athletes will actually encourage them to remain in college longer and not turn professionals as quickly, either by giving them a way to begin earning money in college or requiring them to sign a contract (合同) saying they’ll stay at the university for a certain number of years while making an agreed-upon salary.
People who argue against the idea of paying college athletes believe the practice could be disastrous for college sports. Paying athletes would turn college sports into a bidding (竞拍) war, where only the richest schools could afford top athletes, and most schools would be shut out from developing a talented team. It could also harm the camaraderie within many college teams if players become unhappy that certain teammates are making more money than they are.
Those against paying college athletes also believe that the athletes are receiving enough benefits already. The top athletes receive scholarships that are worth tens of thousands per year. They receive free food and textbooks, get travel bonuses and free equipment, and can use their time in college as a way to attract the attention of professional coaches. No other college students receive anywhere near as much from their schools.
While both sides have good points, it’s clear that the negatives of paying college athletes far outweigh the positives. College athletes have been compensated enough. Adding a salary would result in a college athletic system where only a few athletes are paid by some schools who enter bidding wars to sign them up, while most student athletics and college athletic programs suffer or even shut down for lack of money. Continuing to offer the present benefits to student athletes makes it possible for as many people to benefit from and enjoy college sports as possible.
32. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that college athletes ________.
A. have earned what they are promised
B. tend to serve college longer when paid
C. should sign a contract to make an agreed-upon salary
D. prefer to stay at university rather than turn professionals
33. The underlined word “camaraderie” in Paragraph 3 is similar to “________”.
A. friendship B. competition C. spirit D. communication
34. People against paying college athletes believe ________.
A. schools would be unable to afford it
B. it could be harmful to college sports
C. no other college students receive benefits
D. students would value payments over achievements
35. What is the author’s attitude towards paying college athletes?
A. Uncertain. B. Satisfied. C. Unsupportive. D. Expectant.
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，共 10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑. 选项中有两项为多余选项.
Blind Olympic Athletes Show the Universal Nature
Tune into any sports coverage on TV, and you will see many athletes proudly raise their arms and heads in victory, while a much larger number hang their shoulders and necks in defeat. Studies have revealed why—they are universal behaviours, performed by humans in response to success and failure.
The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University, who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame. ____36____ They tried to find a large group of people, and it was critically important that some of these subjects had never seen other people reacting to success or failure before.
The answer was Athens, during the 2004 Olympic Games. Its sister competition—the Paralympics—included many athletes who were born blind. ____37____ Working with a professional photographer, Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors, 41 of whom had lost their sight, and 12 of whom were blind from birth. The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions, and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads, arms and bodies. ____38____ The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.
____39____ Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements. And while it’s possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions, it’s very unlikely that they could have taught them all—particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest.
These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world. Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness, fear and surprise. ____40____
A. They are inborn behaviours and are accompanied by their own distinct sets of actions.
B. In fact, the culture was found to have only a very small effect on their body language.
C. Therefore, they could not have witnessed how other people reacted to winning and losing.
D. The result suggested that the athletes were showing their pride based on careful observation.
E. The athletes’ behaviours give strong evidence that they have had the actions naturally since birth.
F. Analyzing the data, they found that the sighted and sightless athletes behaved in almost exactly the same ways.
G. In particular, they wanted to know whether these expressions were culturally determined and learned through observation.
第三部分书面表达(共两节，35分)
第一节阅读与表达(共3小题;第41题1分，第42题3分，第43题4分，共8分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题.
The Impact of Social Media on Adolescents (青少年)
Using social media has become a routine activity for most young people. In recent years the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically, so a large part of their social and emotional development is occurring while they are on the Internet.
Social media allow young people to achieve many of the online tasks that are important to them offline: staying connected with friends and family, making new friends, and exchanging ideas. Some schools successfully use blogs as teaching tools, which has the benefit of improving skills in written expression and creativity. At the same time, social media helps them get what they want, increase their knowledge and confidence in their academic (学业的) performance.
While social media provides many benefits, it can also have a negative impact on young people, both physically and mentally. It is easy to become addicted, and research shows that students who spend too much time on social media can suffer from poor sleep, eye fatigue, negative body image, depression, anxiety and more. Research also indicates that there are frequent online expressions of offline behaviours, which have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment (骚扰).
Using social media becomes a risk to adolescents more than they can realise. When people go on to websites, they leave evidence of their visits. This ongoing record of online activity is called the “digital footprint”. One of the biggest threats to young people on social media is to their digital footprint and future reputations (名誉). Young people who lack an awareness of privacy issues often post inappropriate material without understanding that “what goes online stays online”. As a result, future jobs and college acceptance maybe put in danger by inexperienced clicks of the mouse.
41. Why is a large part of young people’s social and emotional development occurring on the Internet?
____________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Young people’s improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment.
____________________________________________________________
43. You have been physically distanced from school for more than one month in this term. How do you make full use of social media to better your life and study? Please give one or two examples. (In about 40 words)
____________________________________________________________
第二节根据下面所给中文，默写英文句子。(12分)
44. 全体观众被提醒关闭手机或将其调至静音状态。(汉译英)
45. 孩子们正捂着耳朵，但脸上却带着期待的表情。(汉译英)
46. 烟花城市上空燃放，突然照亮了夜空。(汉译英)
47. 我们吃什么并不是最重要的。重要的是和谁一起吃。(汉译英)
48. 当比赛期间拍照时，请关闭闪光灯。(汉译英)
49. 随着年龄的增长，回家和家人在一起是最重要的部分。(汉译英)
第三节书面表达(15分)。
50. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，请给你的外教Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加你们年级举行的英语读书会(reading circle)活动。
邮件的内容包括：
1.介绍读书活动的相关信息(例如：时间、地点、活动内容等)：
2.说明你发出邀请的原因：
3.询问对方的意向。
注意：1.词数100字左右：
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
参考答案
第一部分知识运用(共两节，25分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了离家很久的作者，在返回家中时，思念成疾的母亲为他做幸运饺子的感人故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于我离家将近一年了，我的妻子和孩子们都非常担心。A. market市场；B. office办公室；C. factory工厂；D. home家。根据下文“On the eve of the Spring Festival, I was finally allowed to return home.”可知，在春节前夕，我终于获准回家了，所以此处是说我离开家已将近一年，我的妻子和孩子们都非常担心。故选D项。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：母亲看着我，眼里充满了怀疑。A. disbelief怀疑；B. curiosity好奇；C. horror荣耀；D. calm平静。根据上文“And my mother, already in her eighties, was on the edge of a nervous breakdown.”可知，我离家近一年，母亲非常想念我，所以在我返回到家中时，她难以置信我回来了。故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后她想到了一个主意：“我们放一枚硬币，做一个幸运饺子。谁吃到，谁就有福气。”A. interested使……感兴趣；B. impressed对……印象深刻；C. struck击中；D. changed改变。根据上文“Let’s start making dumplings for the Festival.”可知，母亲开始只是要为春节做饺子，所以做一个幸运饺子，这是她后来想到的一个主意。An idea struck sb.意思是“某人突然想到一个主意”。故选C项。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在做这个幸运饺子的时候，母亲偷偷地在上面做了个标记。A. mark标记；B. decision决定；C. try尝试；D. note笔记。根据下文“she put the good-luck dumpling on top of the others in a bowl on purpose and pushed the bowl to me.”可知，母亲在饺子煮好后，准确地找到这个幸运饺子并放到了我的碗里，所以说她在包饺子时就做好了标记。故选A项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她假装什么也没发生，但这个伎俩没有逃脱我的眼睛。A. hands手；B. mind思想；C. lips嘴唇；D. eyes眼睛。根据下文“Feeling loved, I stared at her in ___6___ eyes.”可知，在母亲把幸运饺子特意放在我的碗里时，我感受到了被爱，并且感激地看着她，说明我早已发现她做了标记的真相。故选D项。
【6题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感受到了被爱，所以我充满感激地看着她。A. anxious焦急的；B. sorrowful伤心的；C. grateful感激的；D. sincere真诚的。根据上文“she put the good-luck dumpling on top of the others in a bowl on purpose and pushed the bowl to me.”和“Feeling loved”可知，母亲把幸运饺子特意放在我的碗里，由此我感受到了母亲的爱，所以我充满感激地看着她。故选C项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：母亲回来了，她没有注意到放在她碗里的幸运饺子，继续吃饭，眼睛一直看着我。A. take拿走；B. notice注意；C. accept接受；D. permit允许。根据下文“and went on eating with her eyes on me all the time”可知，母亲继续吃饭时，眼睛一直看着我，所以她没有注意到我把那个幸运饺子放在她的碗里了。故选B项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“哦，奶奶最有福气”，我的妻子欢呼道。A. argued争论；B. cheered欢呼；C. warned警告；D. suggested建议。根据上文“Whoever eats it will be blessed (有福的).”可知，谁吃到幸运饺子，谁就有福气，所以妻子会欢呼，为母亲吃到幸运饺子而高兴。故选B项。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“为什么是我？”母亲很迷惑。A. touched被感动的；B. inspired受鼓舞的；C. confused迷惑的；D. attracted被吸引的。根据上文“she put the good-luck dumpling on top of the others in a bowl on purpose and pushed the bowl to me.”和““I... how come?””可知，母亲把幸运饺子特意放在我的碗里，所以现在她自己却吃到了它，她感到很迷惑不解。故选C项。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：母亲突然大笑起来，然后流泪，我和妻子与她一起分享她所有的悲伤和喜悦。A. shared分享；B. discussed讨论；C. remembered记住；D. found发现。根据上文“Mother burst into laughter, and then tears”可知，母亲一下明白了我对她的爱，她所受过的再多的苦也是值得的，这让她悲喜交加，所以此时我和妻子陪着她，一起分享她所有的悲伤和喜悦。故选A项。
第二节(共10小题:每小题1分;共10分)
【答案】11. are
12. that##which
13. what
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了节日是社会重要的一部分。它们反映了人们人们的愿望、信仰和对生活的态度。节日是让我们放松和享受生活的场合，可以暂时忘记我们的工作。不同的文化中的节日实际上有很多共同之处。
【11题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：节日是社会重要的一部分。文章讲述事实用一般现在时，主语festivals是复数，故填are。
12题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：它们是让我们放松和享受生活的场合，可以暂时忘记我们的工作。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词occasions，指物，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词which或者that引导定语从句，故填which/that
【13题详解】
考查疑问句。句意：它们帮助我们了解我们从哪里来，我们是谁，以及应该感激什么。分析句子可知，空处填疑问词，“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，与“where we came from, who we are”作并列宾语，根据句意，what“什么”符合语境，作appreciate的宾语，故填what。
【答案】14. are allowed 15. so 16. to
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章是一名机器人足球运动员讲述自己的经历。
【14题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：大约一年一次，我们被允许聚在一起踢足球。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，句子描述一般性事实应用一般现在时，且动词allow与主语we是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动，主语是we，故填are allowed。
【15题详解】
考查连词。句意：在足球队我负责射击，所以我必须跑得很快。连接两个句子需用连词，根据句意，前后文是因果关系，故填so。
【16题详解】
考查介词。句意：例如，我学会了用计算机语言向我的队友发送信号，让他们在我处于空位并有机会射门时把球给我。send sth. to sb.“发送……给某人”，是固定短语，故填to。
【答案】17. shining
18. was dancing
19. bony 20. had been
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章是英文名著《查理和巧克力工厂》的节选。讲述了一位96岁的老人的心理和动作变化。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：红晕涌上了他的脸颊，他的眼睛睁得大大的，闪烁着喜悦的光芒，在每只眼睛的中央，在黑色瞳孔的正中央，有一点疯狂兴奋的火花在慢慢跳动。分析句子可知，“(shine) with joy”作状语，用非谓语动词形式，shine与逻辑主语his eyes是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填shining。
【18题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，and连接两个分句，dance在后一分句中作谓语，文章主时态是一般过去时，根据句意，此处表示过去一段时间正在进行动作，用过去进行时，主语spark是单数，谓语动词用单数。故填was dancing。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：与此同时，他那瘦长的身体从床上跳了起来，他那碗汤飞到了约瑟芬奶奶的脸上。这个九十六岁半的老人，过去二十年一直躺在床上，奇妙的一个跳跃，跳到地板上，开始穿着睡衣跳起了胜利的舞蹈。分析句子可知，空处修饰名词body，用形容词作定语，故填bony。
【20题详解】
考查时态。句意同上。分析句子可知，who引导定语从句，修饰this old fellow，根据句意，“躺在床上二十年”先于jumped，表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。故填had been。
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，共30分)
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇广告类文章。主要介绍了一个被称作AirFreez的小盒子能帮你在酷暑中放松。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据What Are We Talking About?中“So, they designed this light-weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model! It’s tiny, easy to use and it can cool you in seconds!”（所以，他们设计了这个重量轻，便携的空气冷却盒。它使用非常少的电力和所有没有牺牲任何一个顶级交流模式的主要好处！它很小，容易使用，可以在几秒钟内使你凉快！）可知，“方便和节能”可以最好地描述AirFreez。故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据What Is So Special About This Little Box?中“No messy installation, no expensive electricity bills.”（没有凌乱的安装，没有昂贵的电费。）可知，关于AirFreez我们能了解到它不需要复杂的安装。故选B项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“How Can You Get An AirFreez? Now that you are aware of this amazing new invention, here is how to get one-order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE.”（如何获得airfreeze？现在，你已经意识到这个惊人的新发明，这里将是如何从官方网站获得一个订单，并且以最好的价格呈现给你。）故可推知，这篇文章的目的是为Airfreez做广告。故选A项。
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. B 27. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者是一个学习软件开发的女性，一次偶然的机会她从事了开发“载人登月”软件的工作，作者基于女儿在游戏中犯的一个错误建议更改程序以防止在飞行过程中选择预启动程序，事实证明这对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It was out of desperation I came up with the term “software engineering”.”可知，作者在绝望中提出了“软件工程”这个词，故D项正确。
【25题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon.”可知，作者的女儿劳伦犯了一个错误——选择了一个程序，这个程序应该是在启动前运行的，计算机的空间太小，以至于它抹去了带她去月球的导航数据，再根据画线词前的“one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done.”可知，一名宇航员不小心做了劳伦做过的事（犯的错误），由此可知画线词词义为“造成数据丢失的错误”，故C项正确。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.”可知，正是程序的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响，故B项正确。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的 “I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight.”及倒数第二段中的“It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.”可知，作者建议更改程序以防止在飞行过程中选择预启动程序，正是程序的改变对阿波罗11号任务的成功产生了至关重要的影响，由此可知，作者的故事告诉我们机会总是垂青有准备的人，故D项正确。
【点睛】本篇第2题词义猜测题难度较大，抓住作者的女儿劳伦在操作过程中犯的错误是关键，根据第四段中的“she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon.”可知，劳伦犯了一个错误——选择了一个程序，这个程序应该是在启动前运行的，计算机的空间太小，以至于它抹去了带她去月球的导航数据，再根据画线词前的“one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done.”可知，一名宇航员不小心做了劳伦做过的事，也就是说他也犯了同样的错误，由此可知画线词词义为“造成数据丢失的错误”。
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新研究的发现，太平洋鳕鱼通过每天更换大约3%的牙齿来保持牙齿锋利和闪亮。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“In order to determine the frequency at which lingcod replace their teeth, Ms. Cohen, a coauthor of the new study, and her colleagues kept 20 lingcod at the University of Washington’s Friday Harbor Laboratories and tracked how many teeth they lost and regrew over several days. The fish were placed in a tank of seawater mixed with a red dye (染料) that colored their teeth, then returned to their regular tank for 10 days. When the 10 days were up, the fish were placed in a tank containing a green dye and then examined. The teeth that were present since the start of the experiment were both red and green, whereas the new teeth were only green.(为了确定鳕鱼换牙的频率，这项新研究的合著者科恩女士和她的同事们在华盛顿大学的周五港实验室保存了20条灵鳕鱼，并跟踪了几天内它们失去和再生的牙齿数量。这些鱼被放置在一个海水中混合了一种红色染料的水箱里，这些染料可以给它们的牙齿上色，然后再回到正常的水箱中10天。10天过后，这些鱼被放置在一个装有绿色染料的容器中，然后进行检测。实验开始后出现的牙齿是红色和绿色的，而新牙齿只有绿色。)”可知，本段陈述研究是如何进行的。故选C。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The way lingcod replace their teeth is likely crucial to their hunting strategy, says Kory Evans, a fish ecologist at Rice University in Houston. “The duller a lingcod’s teeth are, the harder it is going to be for it to hold on to its target. So having the ability to shed teeth and replace them is pretty important.”(休斯顿莱斯大学的鱼类生态学家Kory Evans说，鳕鱼更换牙齿的方式可能对它们的狩猎策略至关重要。“鳕鱼的牙齿越钝，它就越难抓住目标。所以拥有牙齿脱落和更换的能力是非常重要的。”)”可知，鳕鱼的牙齿被替换是为了更好地寻找食物。故选B。
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段划线词前句“The duller a lingcod’s teeth are, the harder it is going to be for it to hold on to its target.(鳕鱼的牙齿越钝，它就越难抓住目标。)”和后半句“and replace them is pretty important. (更换的能力是非常重要的。)”和常识可知，鳕鱼牙齿更换前旧的牙齿会脱落。所以shed为“脱落”之意。故选C。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But a study, published in November in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B, claims that Pacific lingcod keep their teeth sharp and shiny by replacing about three percent of them every day. (但是11月发表在《英国皇家学会学报B》上的一项研究称，太平洋鳕鱼通过每天更换大约3%的牙齿来保持牙齿锋利和闪亮。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍一项新研究的发现，太平洋鳕鱼通过每天更换大约3%的牙齿来保持牙齿锋利和闪亮。所以推断写此篇文章的目的是介绍一项新研究的发现。故选B。
【答案】32. B 33. A 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。讨论了是否应该给大学运动员发工资。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Additionally, people who believe college athletes should be paid state that paying college athletes will actually encourage them to remain in college longer and not turn professionals as quickly, (此外，那些认为应该给大学运动员发工资的人表示，给大学运动员发工资实际上会鼓励他们在大学呆得更久，而不是更快地成为专业人士)”可知，大学运动员被给予报酬后，可能倾向于继续在大学服务。故选B。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“if players become unhappy that certain teammates are making more money than they are.(如果球员对某些队友赚的钱比他们多而感到不高兴)”可推知，当队友之间因为收入不同而产生不愉快时，就会影响到团队之间的团结和友谊，由此可猜测“harm the camaraderie”中的“camaraderie”与“friendship”同义，表示“友情；同事情谊”。故选A。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“People who argue against the idea of paying college athletes believe the practice could be disastrous for college sports. (反对向大学运动员付费的人认为这种做法可能会给大学体育带来灾难)”可知，持反对意见的人们认为给大学运动员支付薪酬会对大学体育造成损害。故选B。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“While both sides have good points, it’s clear that the negatives of paying college athletes far outweigh the positives.(尽管双方都有各自的道理，但显然，给大学运动员发工资的负面影响远远大于正面影响)”可知，作者认为负面影响大于正面影响，也就是说作者不支持给大学运动员发工资。故选C。
第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分，共 10 分)
【答案】36. G 37. C 38. F 39. E 40. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现人们对成功和失败的反应是天生的，介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及研究发现。
【36题详解】
根据上文“The discovery came from Jessica Tracy from the University of British Columbia and David Matsumoto from San Francisco State University, who wanted to see how people showed feelings of pride and shame. (这一发现来自英属哥伦比亚大学的Jessica Tracy和旧金山州立大学的David Matsumoto，他们想知道人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的)”可知，上文提到Jessica Tracy和David Matsumoto想知道人们是如何表达自豪和羞愧的，本句应承接上文进一步说明他们想法，G选项中They指代上文中Jessica Tracy和David Matsumoto。故G选项“他们尤其想知道这些表达方式是否是文化决定的，是否是通过观察习得的”符合语境，故选G。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Its sister competition—the Paralympics—included many athletes who were born blind. (它的姊妹比赛——残奥会——包括许多天生失明的运动员)”可知，上文提到残奥会包括许多眼睛看不见的运动员，故本句与上文构成因果关系，表示这些人无法目睹其他人对胜利和失败的反应，C选项中they指代上文many athletes who were born blind。故C选项“因此，他们无法目睹其他人对胜利和失败的反应”符合语境，故选C。
【38题详解】
根据上文“Working with a professional photographer, Tracy and Matsumoto compared the body language of 108 competitors, 41 of whom had lost their sight, and 12 of whom were blind from birth. The photographer repeatedly took pictures of these athletes after their competitions, and the researchers carefully recorded the positions of their heads, arms and bodies. (在一位专业摄影师的帮助下，Tracy 和Matsumoto比较了108名参赛者的肢体语言，其中41人后天失明，12人从出生就失明。摄影师在运动员比赛结束后反复拍照，研究人员仔细记录他们头部、手臂和身体的姿势)”以及后文“The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.(获胜者仰起头、微笑、举起双臂、挺起胸膛，而失败者的标志是肩膀前倾、胸膛狭窄)”可知，上文提到Tracy 和Matsumoto在对比运动员的姿势，后文则提到了一些获胜者和失败者所共有的肢体动作，可推测他们发现有视力和失明的运动员的行为方式几乎完全相同，故F选项“通过分析数据，他们发现有视力和失明的运动员的行为方式几乎完全相同”符合语境，故选F。
【39题详解】
根据上一段中“The winners tilted their heads up, smiled, lifted their arms and puffed out their chests, while shoulders bent forward and narrowed chests were the marks of losers.(获胜者仰起头、微笑、举起双臂、挺起胸膛，而失败者的标志是肩膀前倾、胸膛狭窄)”以及后文“Men and women who have never seen other people behave in these ways still make exactly the same movements. And while it’s possible that parents may have taught their blind children some of these actions, it’s very unlikely that they could have taught them all—particularly the expansion or narrowing of the chest.(从来没有见过别人有这种行为的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的动作。虽然父母可能教过他们的盲童一些这些动作，但他们不太可能教过他们——尤其是胸部的扩张或缩小)”可知，上一段对比的结果是有视力和失明的运动员行为方式几乎完全相同，都做出了一些共有的动作，后文则提到从来没有见过别人有这种行为的男人和女人仍然做出完全相同的动作，可推测他们的行为证明了这些动作能力是天生就有的。故E选项“运动员的行为有力地证明了他们从出生起就具有天生的动作能力”符合语境，故选E。
【40题详解】
根据上文“These actions were also remarkably consistent between contestants from every part of the world. Tracy and Matsumoto argue that pride and shame deserve a place alongside other primary emotions like happiness, fear and surprise. (这些动作在来自世界各地的选手之间也非常一致。Tracy和Matsumoto认为，骄傲和羞耻应该和其他基本情感，如快乐、恐惧和惊讶，一起占有一席之地)”可知，来自世界各地的选手动作也一致，说明骄傲和羞耻是天生的行为，A选项中they指代上文中pride and shame。故A选项“它们是天生的行为，伴随着它们自己独特的一系列行为”符合语境，故选A。
第三部分书面表达(共两节，35分)
第一节阅读与表达(共3小题;第41题1分，第42题3分，第43题4分，共8分)
【答案】41. Because in recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically.
42. Young people’s improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment. Because frequent online expressions of offline behaviours have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment.
43. I will use social media to stay connected with my friends and exchange ideas with my teachers. Besides, I will use social media to get knowledge.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交媒体给青少年带来的好处和弊端。
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段关键句“In recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically, so a large part of their social and emotional development is occurring while they are on the Internet. (近年来，使用社交媒体的年轻人数量急剧增加，因此他们的社交和情感发展很大一部分是在互联网上进行的。)”可知，年轻人的社交和情感发展很大一部分发生在互联网上是因为近年来，使用社交媒体的年轻人数量急剧增加。故答案为Because in recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically.
【42题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第三段的“Research also indicates that there are frequent online expressions of offline behaviours, which have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment (骚扰). (研究还表明，线下行为经常在网上表达，导致了网络欺凌和网络骚扰等问题。)”可知，人们经常在网上表达线下行为，这带来了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题，并不是“不当的数字足迹”会对网络欺凌和在线骚扰产生影响，由此可知，句中“Young people’s improper digital footprint”是错误的，应改为“frequent online expressions of offline behaviours”，因为经常在网上表达线下行为带来了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题。故答案为Young people’s improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment. Because frequent online expressions of offline behaviours have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment.
【43题详解】
开放性试题。根据第二段关键句“Social media allow young people to achieve online many of the tasks that are important to them offline: staying connected with friends and family, making new friends, and exchanging ideas. (社交媒体可以让年轻人在网上完成许多对他们来说很重要的任务：与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友，交流想法。)”可知，社交媒体可以让年轻人在网上与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友和交流想法等，由此可知，如果这学期你与学校的距离太远，你可以通过社交媒体与朋友保持联系，与老师交流想法或通过社交媒体获取知识等，答案不唯一，符合文意即可。故参考答案为I will use social media to stay connected with my friends and exchange ideas with my teachers. Besides, I will use social media to get knowledge.
第二节根据下面所给中文，默写英文句子。(12分)
44. 【答案】The entire audience was reminded to turn off or mute their mobile phones.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态和短语。根据句意可知，用一般过去时，“全体观众”译为the entire audience，“提醒”译为remind，与主语audience是被动关系，主语表示一个整体，为单数，故用was reminded，remind sb.to do sth.“提醒某人做某事”，“关闭”译为turn off，“静音”译为muse，“他们的手机”译为their mobile phones，故答案为The entire audience was reminded to turn off or mute their mobile phones.
45. 【答案】Children were covering their ears but with an expectant look on their faces.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、短语和with复合结构。根据句意，本句描述过去某一时刻正在发生的事情，时态应用过去进行时。表示“捂着”用动词cover；表示“孩子们正捂着着耳朵”用Children were covering their ears。表示“但是”用连词but；表示“脸上带着期待的表情”用with复合结构表达，即with an expectant look on their faces。故翻译为Children were covering their ears but with an expectant look on their faces.
46. 【答案】Fireworks were being let off over the city, suddenly lighting up the night sky.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，短语和非谓语动词。根据句意可知，描述过去某一时刻正在发生的事情用过去进行时，主语“烟花”译为firework，可数名词，表示不止一个烟花，用复数，谓语动词“燃放”可译为短语let off，与fireworks是被动关系，用被动语态，“在城市上空”译为over the city，“突然”作状语用suddenly，“照亮”译为light up，与主语fireworks是主动关系，用现在分词形式作状语，“夜空”译为the night sky。故答案为Fireworks were being let off over the city, suddenly lighting up the night sky.
47. 【答案】What we eat isn’t the most important thing. What’s important is whom we eat it with.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，从句和主谓一致。根据句意可知，描述客观事实用一般现在时，分析句子可知，本句为的两个复合句，第一句子主语用从句，what we eat“我们吃的”，表语“最重要的事情”译为the most important thing，第二个句子主语“最重要的是”译为为主语从句what’important，表语“和谁一起吃”译为表语从句whom we eat it with，从句作主语谓语动词应单数，故答案为What we eat isn’t the most important thing. What’s important is whom we eat it with.
48. 【答案】Please turn off the flashlight when taking photos during the game.
【解析】
【详解】考查祈使句，从句和省略。分析句子可知，主句是祈使句，“关闭”译为turn off，“闪光灯”译为the flashlight，“当比赛期间拍照时”是时间状语从句，主从句主语一致可使用状语从句的省略，“拍照”译为take photo，与逻辑主语you是主动关系，所以take用现在分词形式，“比赛期间”译为during the game，故翻译为 Please turn off the flashlight when taking photos during the game.
49. 【答案】 As I get older, coming home and being with my entire family is the most important part.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，从句和非谓语动词。根据句意描述事实用一般现在时，分析句子可知句子是主从复合句，“随着年龄的增长”可译为时间状语从句，as“随着”，get older“长大”，故从句译为as I get older，主句主语“回家和家人在一起”译为come home and be with my entire family，作主语用动名词形式，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，故谓语动词为is，“最重要的部分”译为the most important part，故答案为As I get older, coming home and being with my entire family is the most important part.
第三节书面表达(15分)。
50. 【答案】Dear Jim,
I hope that everything goes on well with you. I'm writing to invite you to join us in the English reading circle to be held in our school. We’ll feel honored if you are present.
The activity is scheduled at 8:00 am this Friday in the auditorium. Aiming to improve the students understanding of the beauty of foreign literature, the reading circle will allow students to communicate with each other face to face, sharing their own reading experience together. As we consider that you can give us some professional introductions to English literature and some valuable suggestions on English reading, we sincerely hope that you can come to join us.
Would you be kind enough to spare some time for us? Thank you in advance. Hope to hear from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给你的外教Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加你们年级举行的英语读书会(reading circle)活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
荣幸的：honored→ privileged
提高：improve → enhance
宝贵的：valuable→ precious
考虑：consider→take into consideration
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I'm writing to invite you to join us in the English reading circle to be held in our school.
拓展句：I'm writing to invite you to join us in the English reading circle, which will be held in our school.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Aiming to improve the students understanding of the beauty of foreign literature, the reading circle will allow students to communicate with each other face to face, sharing their own reading experience together.（运用了现在分词短语作状语，和不定式作宾语补足语。）
【高分句型2】As we consider that you can give us some professional introductions to English literature and some valuable suggestions on English reading, we sincerely hope that you can come to join us.（运用了连词as引导的原因状语从句和that引导的宾语从句。）
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