2023 英语新中考二轮复习热点透析 核心考点01 动词和动词短语

核心考点01  动词和动词短语

一、考向分析

中考对动词的考查方式灵活、题型多样。动词是英语语言中的第一大词，是组成句子的“骨架”，所以中考预测将会继续加强对动词和动词词组的考查。最近几年英语中考对动词及动词短语的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：

1. 词义辨析及对动词的理解。

2. 动词短语的搭配及短语的辨析。

二、考点详解

考点一：动词的分类

考点二 连系动词

一、连系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。

常见的系动词分类如下：

注意：

1. 系动词十形容词，构成系表结构。

2. 系动词没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。如：

这条裙子摸起来很舒服。（汉译英）

The dress feels comfortable（正确）

The dress is felt comfortable（错误）

考点三：助动词

考点四 动词短语

动词短语：以动词为中心构成的短语称为动词短语。

动词短语的类别和用法

考点五：动词的甚本形式

三、真题再现

一、单项选择

1．（2021·贵州黔西·中考真题）Thank you for inviting me to your party. I really had a good time.

A．have little fun B．took pride in it C．liked myself D．enjoyed myself

【答案】D

【详解】句意：谢谢你邀请我参加你的聚会。我真的玩得很开心。

考查动词短语。have little fun有一点乐趣；took pride in it以它为骄傲；liked myself 喜欢我自己；enjoyed myself玩得开心。had a good time译为“玩得开心，过得愉快”，且此处为一般过去时。故选D。

2．（2021·贵州黔西·中考真题）—Have you reviewed Chemistry for the coming exam?

—Yes. I’m quite ready for it.

A．gone over B．come over C．copied D．finished up

【答案】A

【详解】句意：——你为即将到来的考试复习化学了吗？——是的。我为它准备好了。

考查动词词组辨析。gone over复习；come over过来；copied复制；finished up结束。根据“Have you reviewed Chemistry for the coming exam?”可知，“reviewed”的意思是复习。故选A。

3．（2021·西藏·中考真题）Although COVID-19（新冠肺炎）was terrible, Chinese people didn’t ________ fighting against the disease and got a great success.

A．pick up B．cheer up C．give up D．take up

【答案】C

【详解】句意：虽然新冠肺炎很可怕，但中国人没有放弃抗击疾病，并且取得了巨大的成功。

考查动词短语辨析。pick up拾起；cheer up振作起来；give up放弃；take up开始从事。根据后句“and got a great success.”可知，应是中国人没有放弃抗击疾病。故选C。

4．（2021·西藏·中考真题）Some people think one of the most useful inventions ________ the smartphone.

A．are B．is C．were D．be

【答案】B

【详解】句意：有些人认为最有用的发明之一是智能手机。   

考查主谓一致。根据句子结构可知，该句中think后跟了一个宾语从句，从句中主语为“one of the most useful inventions”，根据语法一致原则，谓语动词用单数，故选B。

5．（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）Both Sandy and Millie ________ interested in cooking. They often learn to cook at weekends.

A．am B．is C．are D．be

【答案】C

【详解】句意：Sandy和Millie都对烹饪感兴趣。他们经常在周末学习做饭。

考查主谓一致。both…and连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，be interested in doing sth“对做某事感兴趣”，此空应填be的复数形式are，故选C。

6．（2021·江苏无锡·中考真题）一You added sugar in my tea? It ________ terrible!

一Sorry, madam. I’ll pour you another cup right away.

A．feels B．looks C．sounds D．tastes

【答案】D

【详解】句意：——你在我的茶里加糖了吗？尝起来太糟糕了！——对不起，女士。我马上再给您另倒一杯。

考查动词辨析。feels感觉；looks看起来；sounds听起来；tastes尝起来。根据语境“你在我的茶里加糖了吗？……太糟糕了！” 可知，茶里加糖应是尝起来很难喝，因此用“tastes”，故选D。

7．（2021·湖北鄂州·中考真题）—Would you like something to drink?

—No, thanks. I ________ some tea already.

A．have drunk B．was drinking C．will drink D．drink

【答案】A

【详解】句意：——你想喝点什么吗？——不用了，谢谢。我已经喝茶了。

考查动词时态。根据前文语境和句中“already”的提示可知，句子应用现在完成时。构成形式为：have/has done；主语“I”是第一人称单数形式，助动词应用have；drink的过去分词是drunk。故选A。

8．（2021·辽宁丹东·中考真题）Turn the world into a big family, and we’ll make people’s wish ________ true earlier.

A．comes B．will come C．come D．to come

【答案】C

【详解】句意：把世界变成一个大家庭，我们会让人们的愿望早点实现。

考查make的用法。动词短语come true意为“实现”，不及物动词，没有被动语态，此处位于“make sth. do sth.”结构中，故动词come应用原形。故选C。

9．（2021·辽宁丹东·中考真题）—________ your homework?

—Not yet. I’ll finish it in ten minutes.

A．Did you finish B．Have you finished C．Will you finish D．Do you finish

【答案】B

【详解】句意：——你做完作业了吗？——还没有。我十分钟以后完成。

考查动词时态。根据答语“Not yet.”可知，问句应是现在完成时，构成形式为：have /has done；主语“you”是第二人称，助动词应用have，一般疑问句将have提前并首字母大写；finish的过去分词是finished。故选B。

10．（2021·湖南岳阳·中考真题）The socialist new countryside (社会主义新农村）makes farmers ________their living conditions.

A．to improve B．improve C．improving

【答案】B

【详解】句意：社会主义新农村改善了农民的生活条件。

考查非谓语动词。make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选B。

二、多句选词填空

（一）（2021·贵州黔南·中考真题）

11．Talking to your parents about your problems is like cutting it _________.

12．Helen tried paragliding and she _________ she was a bird. It was so exciting!

13．Steve is going to Beijing to study, so he is asking his friend about the _________ in China.

14．The classics remind us not to forget our past and explain where our cultural confidence _________.

15．If you find something _________ in the room, you should cut off the electricity and leave the house at once.

【答案】11．in half

12．felt like

13．table manners

14．comes from

15．on fire

11．

句意：和你的父母谈论你的问题就像把它切成两半。根据“is like cutting it”及备选词汇可知，此处指的是“分成两半”，故填in half。

12．

句意：海伦试过滑翔伞，她觉得自己像只鸟。太刺激了！根据“Helen tried paragliding and she...she was a bird.”及备选词汇可知，此处指的是“感觉好像是”，应用feel like表达，结合前句的动词可知，此处的动词用过去式，故填felt like。

13．

句意：史蒂夫要去北京学习，所以他问他的朋友关于中国的餐桌礼仪。根据句意及备选词汇可知，此处指的是“餐桌礼仪”，英语表达为table manners，故填table manners。

14．

句意：经典提醒我们不要忘记过去，解释我们的文化自信从何而来。根据“where our cultural confidence”及备选词汇可知，此处指的是“来自”，用come from表达，主语是不可数名词，动词应用三单形式，故填comes from。

15．

句意：如果你发现房间里着火了，你应该切断电，马上离开房间。根据“you should cut off the electricity and leave the house at once.”及备选词汇可知，此处指的是“着火”，英语表达为on fire，故填on fire。

（二）（2021·湖北十堰·中考真题）选择单词或词组，用其适当的形式填空，使句子意思正确、通顺。（每词限用一次，其中两词多余）

16．My bike is broken. May I use ______________?

17．Nearly three ______________ of the earth’s surface is covered by water.

18．I took lots of photos yesterday just to _____________ the new camera.

19．We Chinese feel sad that Dr. Wu Mengchao ______________ in May, 2021.

20．When you visit a foreign country, it is important to know how to ask for help ______________.

【答案】16．yours

17．quarters

18．check out

19．died

20．politely

16．

句意：我的自行车坏了。我可以用你的吗？根据“My bike is broken. May I use...”可知，此处是想借用别人的自行车，结合备选词汇，yours“你的（自行车）”符合，故填yours。

17．

句意：地球表面近四分之三被水覆盖。根据“of the earth’s surface is covered by water”及常识可知，此处指的是四分之三，three quarters“四分之三”，故填quarters。

18．

句意：我昨天拍了很多照片，只是为了检验新相机。根据句意及备选词汇可知，拍很多照片的目的是检验新相机，check out“检验”，空格前有to，此处动词用原形，故填check out。

19．

句意：我们中国人对吴孟超博士在2021年5月去世感到难过。根据“Dr. Wu Mengchao”及备选词汇可知，此处是die“去世”，由时间“in May, 2021”可知，句子应用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填died。

20．

句意：当你去外国旅游时，知道如何礼貌地寻求帮助是很重要的。根据“how to ask for help”及备选词汇可知，此处指的是“礼貌地”，修饰动词要用副词，故填politely。

三、.完形填空

（2021 重庆B） Ma Li is a dessert shop owner in Yinchuan, Ningxia. On a cool morning, she received an online ____21____ but it took an hour for her to wait for the deliveryman（外卖送餐员）.

When the deliveryman came, Ma was a little ___22____ . “It is too cold outside and my motorbike didn’t work,” explained the deliveryman. After she heard his words, her anger was ____23____ . She invited him to sit for a while and offered him a cup of hot water.

At that moment, Ma noticed the deliveryman’s face and hands were dark purple ___24___ he was working outside for too long. She felt sorry for him. While they were talking, Ma knew that the deliveryman wanted to buy her daughter a __25____ , but he thought it was a little expensive.

After the deliveryman left, Ma __26___ what happened just now on her WeChat Moments（微信朋友圈）with two photos of the deliveryman.

Heartwarming comments（评论）poured in, such as “life is not easy but ____27___ of us give up!”, “Thumbs up（点赞）for hard-working people” and “Showing understanding to deliverymen.” Some ___28____ offered money for a cake.

The next day, Ma got in touch with the deliveryman and invited him to her shop. When they met, Ma expressed people’s kindness to him and gave him a cake for his daughter’s birthday. The deliveryman was ___29____ .

Ma received more than 600 yuan in donations（捐献） ____30___ her friends and customers. She said she would use the money to offer some help to people in need.

21. A. gift   B. order   C. ticket   D. invitation

22. A. excited   B. sad   C. happy   D. angry

23. A. gone   B. stopped  C. lost   D. broken

24. A. because   B. so   C. when   D. though

25. A. schoolbag  B. birthday cake C. new coat  D. computer

26. A. found   B. remembered C. shared   D. heard

27. A. all    B. each   C. most   D. none

28. A. even   B. never   C. hardly   D. ever

29. A. helpful   B. careful   C. thankful  D. wonderful

30. A. to    B. from   C. with    D. for

【答案】21. B    22. D   23. A    24. A    25. B    26. C    27. D    28. A    29. C    30. B

【解析】

21.gift礼物；order订单；ticket票；invitation邀请。根据“On a cool morning, she received an online…but it took an hour for her to wait for the deliveryman.”可知，应该是网上订单。

22.excited激动的；sad悲伤的；happy开心的；angry生气的。根据“but it took an hour for her to wait for the deliveryman”可知，外卖送餐员耗时很久才来，所以马很生气。

23.gone去；stopped停止；lost丢失；broken打破。根据“She invited him to sit for a while and offered him a cup of hot water.”可知，马听了外卖送餐员说的话，不生气了。

24.because因为；so所以；when当……时；though虽然。“he was working outside for too long”是“Ma noticed the deliveryman’s face and hands were dark purple”的原因，用because引导原因状语从句A。

25.schoolbag书包；birthday cake生日蛋糕；new coat新外套；computer电脑。根据“When they met, Ma expressed people’s kindness to him and gave him a cake for his daughter’s birthday.”可知，是生日蛋糕。

26.found发现；remembered记得；shared分享；heard听见。分析“Ma…what happened just now on her WeChat Moments（微信朋友圈）with two photos of the deliveryman”可知，此处是share…with…短语，意为“与……分享……”。

27.all所有的；each每个；most大多数；none没有。由but可知，前后文之间是转折关系，表示“生活不容易，但是没有人放弃”。

28.even甚至；never从不；hardly几乎不；ever曾经。根据上文内容和“Some…offered money for a cake.”可知，此处强调程度，“甚至”符合语境。

29.helpful乐于助人的；careful仔细的；thankful感谢的；wonderful极好的。根据“When they met, Ma expressed people’s kindness to him and gave him a cake for his daughter’s birthday.”可知，外卖送餐员表达对他人善意的感激。

30. to到；from从；with和；for为了。分析“Ma received more than 600 yuan in donations（捐献）…her friends and customers.”可知，此处强调捐款的出处，故选B。