备战2023年春季英语新中考二轮复习热点透析 核心考点01 动词和动词短语
展开核心考点01 动词和动词短语
一、考向分析
中考对动词的考查方式灵活、题型多样。动词是英语语言中的第一大词，是组成句子的“骨架”，所以中考预测将会继续加强对动词和动词词组的考查。最近几年英语中考对动词及动词短语的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：
1. 词义辨析及对动词的理解。
2. 动词短语的搭配及短语的辨析。
二、考点详解
考点一：动词的分类
分类 | 特点 | 例句 |
实义动词 | 表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 | He works hard. 他工作努力。 |
连系动词 | 本身有词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。 | He is a teacher. 他是一位老师。
|
助动词 | 本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。 | I am watching TV. 我正在看电视。 I don’t speak English. 我不说英语。 |
情态动词 | 本身有一定的意义，表示人的语气和情态，不可单独作谓语，须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。 | Tom can swim. 汤姆会游泳。 May I come in? 我可以进来吗？ |
考点二 连系动词
一、连系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。
常见的系动词分类如下：
分类 | 例词 | 例句 |
be动词 | am, is, are, was, were | She is a girl with short hair. 她是个留短发的女孩。 |
感官类系动词 | look, sound, smell, feel, taste | His plan sounds wonderful. 他的计划听起来很棒。 |
变化类系动词 | become, get, grow, go, turn | Her face turned red. 她的脸变红了。 |
状态类系动词 | keep, stay, remain | The shop stays open till 9 pm. 这家店开到晚上9点。 |
注意：
1. 系动词十形容词，构成系表结构。
2. 系动词没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。如：
这条裙子摸起来很舒服。（汉译英）
The dress feels comfortable（正确）
The dress is felt comfortable（错误）
考点三：助动词
be | |||||
人称 | 数 | 现在时态 | 过去时态 | 现在分词 | 过去分词 |
第一人称 | 单数 | am | was | being | been |
复数 | are | were | |||
第二人称 | 单数 | are | were | ||
复数 | are | were | |||
第三人称 | 单数 | is | was | ||
复数 | are | were | |||
| |||||
助动词do | |||||
形式 | 肯定式 | 否定式 | 缩略否定式 | ||
原形 | do | do not | don’t | ||
第三人称单数 | does | does not | doesn’t | ||
过去式 | did | did not | didn’t | ||
| |||||
助动词have | |||||
形式 | 肯定式 | 否定式 | 缩略否定式 | ||
原形 | have | have not | haven’t | ||
第三人称单数 | has | has not | hasn’t | ||
过去式 | had | had not | hadn’t | ||
| |||||
考点四 动词短语
动词短语：以动词为中心构成的短语称为动词短语。
动词短语的类别和用法
类别 | 用法 | 常见的动词短语 |
动词十介词 | 这类短语动词后跟宾语时，宾语都须置于介词之后。 | look for, look after, wait for, talk about, shout at, shout to, work on, hear from, think of, depend on, belong to |
动词十副词 | 及物性质的短语动词后跟名词（词组）作宾语时，宾语置于副词前后均可；后跟代词作宾语时，宾语要置于副词之前。 | cheer up, clean up, put up, fix up, work out, give out, give away, think over, hand in, put on, try on, put away, pick up, give back |
动词十副词+介词 | 这类短语动词后跟宾语时，宾语应置于介词之后。 | catch up with, look forward to, keep away from, run out of, get along with, get out of, come up with, go on with |
动词十名词十介词 | 它们相当于及物动词，后面要接宾语。 | make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, take notice of, take part in |
be十形容词十介词 |
| be good at, be interested in, be good for, be worried about |
动词十反身代词（+介词） | 这类短语相当于及物动词，其后可按宾语 | devote oneself to help oneself to, dress oneself |
考点五：动词的甚本形式
形式 | 规则变化 | 例句 |
一般现在时第三人称单数 | 一般情况在动词后直接加-s | look→looks；work→works |
以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词，后加-es | catch→catches；go→goes | |
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-es | study→studies；try→tries | |
现在分词 | 一般情况在动词后直接加-ing | read→reading；go→going |
以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词，直接加-ing | see →seeing；toe→toeing | |
以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing | love→loving；write→writing | |
以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ing | cut→cutting；put→putting | |
少数以ie结尾的动词，先变ie 为y再加-ing | die→dying；lie→lying | |
过去式和过去分词 | 一般情况在动词后直接加-ed | ask→asked；help→helped |
以不发音字母e结尾的动词，只加-d | like→liked；live→lived | |
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed | cry→cried；study→studied | |
以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ed | stop→stopped；plan→planned |
三、真题再现
一、单项选择
1．（2021·贵州黔西·中考真题）Thank you for inviting me to your party. I really had a good time.
A．have little fun B．took pride in it C．liked myself D．enjoyed myself
2．（2021·贵州黔西·中考真题）—Have you reviewed Chemistry for the coming exam?
—Yes. I’m quite ready for it.
A．gone over B．come over C．copied D．finished up
3．（2021·西藏·中考真题）Although COVID-19（新冠肺炎）was terrible, Chinese people didn’t ________ fighting against the disease and got a great success.
A．pick up B．cheer up C．give up D．take up
4．（2021·西藏·中考真题）Some people think one of the most useful inventions ________ the smartphone.
A．are B．is C．were D．be
5．（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）Both Sandy and Millie ________ interested in cooking. They often learn to cook at weekends.
A．am B．is C．are D．be
6．（2021·江苏无锡·中考真题）一You added sugar in my tea? It ________ terrible!
一Sorry, madam. I’ll pour you another cup right away.
A．feels B．looks C．sounds D．tastes
7．（2021·湖北鄂州·中考真题）—Would you like something to drink?
—No, thanks. I ________ some tea already.
A．have drunk B．was drinking C．will drink D．drink
8．（2021·辽宁丹东·中考真题）Turn the world into a big family, and we’ll make people’s wish ________ true earlier.
A．comes B．will come C．come D．to come
9．（2021·辽宁丹东·中考真题）—________ your homework?
—Not yet. I’ll finish it in ten minutes.
A．Did you finish B．Have you finished C．Will you finish D．Do you finish
10．（2021·湖南岳阳·中考真题）The socialist new countryside (社会主义新农村）makes farmers ________their living conditions.
A．to improve B．improve C．improving
二、多句选词填空
（一）（2021·贵州黔南·中考真题）
on fire, felt like, table manners, dreams of, in half, comes from |
11．Talking to your parents about your problems is like cutting it _________.
12．Helen tried paragliding and she _________ she was a bird. It was so exciting!
13．Steve is going to Beijing to study, so he is asking his friend about the _________ in China.
14．The classics remind us not to forget our past and explain where our cultural confidence _________.
15．If you find something _________ in the room, you should cut off the electricity and leave the house at once.
（二）（2021·湖北十堰·中考真题）选择单词或词组，用其适当的形式填空，使句子意思正确、通顺。（每词限用一次，其中两词多余）
die; politely; check out; fair; quarter; yours; clear out |
16．My bike is broken. May I use ______________?
17．Nearly three ______________ of the earth’s surface is covered by water.
18．I took lots of photos yesterday just to _____________ the new camera.
19．We Chinese feel sad that Dr. Wu Mengchao ______________ in May, 2021.
20．When you visit a foreign country, it is important to know how to ask for help ______________.
三、.完形填空
（2021 重庆B） Ma Li is a dessert shop owner in Yinchuan, Ningxia. On a cool morning, she received an online ____21____ but it took an hour for her to wait for the deliveryman（外卖送餐员）.
When the deliveryman came, Ma was a little ___22____ . “It is too cold outside and my motorbike didn’t work,” explained the deliveryman. After she heard his words, her anger was ____23____ . She invited him to sit for a while and offered him a cup of hot water.
At that moment, Ma noticed the deliveryman’s face and hands were dark purple ___24___ he was working outside for too long. She felt sorry for him. While they were talking, Ma knew that the deliveryman wanted to buy her daughter a __25____ , but he thought it was a little expensive.
After the deliveryman left, Ma __26___ what happened just now on her WeChat Moments（微信朋友圈）with two photos of the deliveryman.
Heartwarming comments（评论）poured in, such as “life is not easy but ____27___ of us give up!”, “Thumbs up（点赞）for hard-working people” and “Showing understanding to deliverymen.” Some ___28____ offered money for a cake.
The next day, Ma got in touch with the deliveryman and invited him to her shop. When they met, Ma expressed people’s kindness to him and gave him a cake for his daughter’s birthday. The deliveryman was ___29____ .
Ma received more than 600 yuan in donations（捐献） ____30___ her friends and customers. She said she would use the money to offer some help to people in need.
21. A. gift B. order C. ticket D. invitation
22. A. excited B. sad C. happy D. angry
23. A. gone B. stopped C. lost D. broken
24. A. because B. so C. when D. though
25. A. schoolbag B. birthday cake C. new coat D. computer
26. A. found B. remembered C. shared D. heard
27. A. all B. each C. most D. none
28. A. even B. never C. hardly D. ever
29. A. helpful B. careful C. thankful D. wonderful
30. A. to B. from C. with D. for
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