2022-2023学年上海市某校高一上学期期末练习英语试题（解析版）

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上海中学2022学年第一学期高一年级期末练习
英语学科
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Not to play computer games. B. Finish the school project on time.
C. Remember to turn on the computer. D. Wait for the woman to arrive.
2. A. Read an article for the project. B. Read all the articles related.
C. Work on the science project alone. D. Focus on one particular science theory.
3. A. The weather. B. The tiring trip. C. The scenery. D. The serious pollution.
4. A. At an airport. B. On a plane. C. In a restaurant. D. At an exhibition.
5. A. 1:00. B. 3:00. C. 4:00. D. 5:00.
6. A. The woman made a joke of Tom. B. Tom was poor at maths.
C. The man couldn’t believe the news. D. Tom caught a student cheating.
7. A. Give up eating salt. B. Control his blood pressure.
C. Die soon if he eats salt. D. Say goodbye to the woman.
8. A. The woman feels sorry for being too late.
B. The man won’t make it to the show tomorrow.
C. The two people are going to the show tonight.
D. The show is on stage more than once.
9. A. He wants to borrow a guidebook. B. He wants the woman to buy the book.
C. He wants to find a cheaper guidebook. D. He wants the woman to lend him one.
10. A. She will be busy in the afternoon.
B. She doesn’t enjoy working with the man.
C. She wants to work on the report once again.
D. She doesn’t find it necessary to revise the report.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages, and you will be asked several questions on the conversation and each of the passages. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 14 are based on the following conversation.
11. A. Too many planes taking off and landing at the same time.
B. Too many passengers waiting to board the aircraft.
C. Too many bags and cases that need loading into each plane.
D. Too many complaints about plane tickets being over sold.
12. A. Ask for more cash to make up for the lost time.
B. Choose the free-trip ticket over cash.
C. Consult their family before they decide.
D. Guarantee their seats on the next flight.
13. A. Over-booking. B. Special fare systems. C. Business flight. D. Holiday discounts.
14. A. Go to those less busy airports.
B. Take enough food and drink on board.
C. Make clear why your flight is delayed.
D. Volunteer for the next flight for a better seat.
Questions 15 through 17 are based on the following passage.
15. A. It is a rare condition for human beings.
B. It is the result of the body’s lack of heat.
C. It is not a fatal condition even if not found early.
D. It is not obvious as the patient shows few signs.
16. A. Wearing a hat and a scarf and a pair of gloves is important.
B. Two layers of light clothes are better than on layer of heavy clothing.
C. It’s essential to have all the clothes stay as dry as possible.
D. Sweating after hard working is dangerous in the colder seasons.
17. A. It can bring warmth for just a short period of time.
B. It lowers the body’s temperature faster than expected.
C. It makes human body less able to hold heat.
D. It increases the risk of falling or hurting oneself.
Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following passage.
18. A. To demonstrate how much they missed their home country.
B. To show that they were proud of their national culture.
C. To indicate their loyalty to the Roman Catholic religion.
D. To protest against their low social status in America.
19. A. Festive food and drink. B. The wearing of the green.
C. Irish parades and music. D. A political statement.
20. A. It reflects the green-covered fields in Ireland.
B. It was added into the colors of the Irish flag in the 17 th century.
C. It’s the original color associated with St. Patrick’s Day.
D. It’s replaced by blue in celebration from the 17 th century.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A: Multiple choices
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
1. Self-driving is an area ________ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A. that B. where
C. which D. when
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为area，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。
2. There’s been much finger-pointing and debate over who ________ for the extreme weather conditions.
A. blames B. has to blame C. is to be blamed D. is to blame
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：对于谁应该为极端天气状况负责，人们有很多的指责和争论。根据句意可知，此处表示“某人应受责备”，应用固定搭配be to blame，表主动表示被动，故选D。
3. Our ancestors had no iron tools and wheeled vehicles yet they managed to move stones that ________ more than a hundred tons to the site.
A. weighed B. were weighed C. were weighing D. weigh
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：我们的祖先没有铁制工具和轮式车辆，但他们设法将重达100多吨的石头运到了现场。分析句子可知，句子为“that”引导的限制性定语从句，“that”代指先行词“stones”，在从句中作主语，根据句意和句中“managed”可知，句中陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，“weigh”意为“有……重”，“stones”和“weigh”为主动关系，“weigh”的过去式为“weighed”，故空格处应填“weighed”。故选A项。
4. The rituals of coming-of-age ceremonies are diverse. But one thing ________ all coming-of-age ceremonies have in common is ________ they prepare a young person to take on responsibilities as an adult.
A. what; that B. that; that C. what; whether D. that; what
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句的关系代词、表语从句的连接词。句意：成人礼的仪式是多种多样的。但所有的成人礼都有的一个共同点是它们让年轻人做好成年后承担责任的准备。第一空考查限制性定语从句，先行词为one thing，在从句中作have的宾语，根据4个选择项，应用关系代词that引导从句；第二空在系动词之后，后接陈述句，为表语从句，应用连接词that，在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。故选B项。
5. Holden Caulfield experiences very little growth in the novel The Catcher in the Rye, maintaining his disrespect for rules, ________ I think is why younger readers so strongly take to the book.
A. what B. where C. that D. which
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：霍尔顿·考尔菲德在小说《麦田里的守望者》中经历了很少的成长，保持着对规则的不尊重，我认为这就是为什么年轻读者如此强烈地喜欢这本书的原因。分析句子可知，空格后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“霍尔顿·考尔菲德在小说《麦田里的守望者》中经历了很少的成长，保持着对规则的不尊重”这件事，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故选D项。
6. In Korea, the third Monday of May is the day to celebrate ________ turn 19 years old, known as ‘Coming-of-Age’ day.
A. he who B. whoever C. those who D. who
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：在韩国，5月的第三个星期一是庆祝人们19岁生日的日子，被称为“成年日”。分析句式结构可知，此处是宾语从句，且从句中缺少主语，在分析句意，此处用whoever表示“无论谁、任何人”符合语境，C项虽语法正确，即理解为who引导的定语从句，修饰those，但是句意是“庆祝那些成为19岁的孩子”，搭配不正确，celebrate后面宾语一般接事情，而不是人。故选B项。
7. The open university aims to provide university education for anyone, ________ background or previous education qualifications he or she has.
A. what B. whether C. whatever D. however
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：开放大学旨在给任何人提供大学教育，无论他或她之前有什么教育背景和资质。A. what什么；B. whether是否；C. whatever无论什么；D. however无论如何。分析题干结构，前文句子结构完整，故空处为状语从句，排除A项，what不引导状语从句；结合选项含义，C项带入表示“无论他或她之前有什么教育背景和资质”逻辑通顺。故选C项。
8. ________ glitters is not gold; not all those ________ wander are lost.
A. What; who B. All; that C. What; that D. All that; who
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句先行词和关系词。句意：不是所有的金子都会发光；浪迹天涯，未必迷失本性。“_____is not gold”是主句，主句缺少主语，且句子是陈述句，结合选项可知，主语是all符合，“_____glitters”是定语从句，其中glitters“发光”是从句谓语动词，从句缺少主语，先行词是all，只能用that来引导定语从句。所以第一空是All that。“not all those ________ wander are lost”中those是先行词，指人，“________wander”是定语从句，从句缺少主语，应用who来引导，故用who。故选D项。
9. — What’s your plan for the holidays?
— Well, while you are enjoying yourself on the beach, I ________ on my couch, watching Young Sheldon.
A. am sitting B. will be sitting C. will have sat D. would sit
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——你假期有什么计划?——你在沙滩上玩的时候，我会坐在沙发上看《小谢尔顿》。A. am sitting 现在进行时；B.will be sitting 将来进行时 ；C. will have sat 将来完成时；D.would sit 过去将来时。将来进行时表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作，由语意可知，对于即将到来的假期，当你正在沙滩上玩的时候，我会坐在沙发上看《小谢尔顿》。故选B项。
10. ________ in order to sit for the college entrance exam?
A. What she suggested he read B. What did she suggest he read
C. Did she suggest for him to read D. Did she suggest what he should read
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语去和插入语。句意：为了参加大学入学考试，她建议他读什么书? 本句的插入语为“ did she suggest ”后接句子用虚拟语气“ he (should) read”,特殊疑问词“what”置于句首。故选A项。
11. Common sense demands _______ both sides of the problem.
A. he examine B. him to examine C. him examining D. he examines
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：常识要求他审视问题的两面。demand意为“要求”，表示“要求、建议和命令”等相关的从句谓语用虚拟语气，即主格+should+动词原形，should可省略。故选A项。
12. I read about the two stories in some book or other. Does it matter ________ it was?
A. where B. what C. how D. which
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我在某本书上读到过这两个故事，哪一本书重要吗？分析句子可知，it为形式主语，真正的主语为主语从句，即空处和之后的内容，空处为主语从句的表语，结合前文中“in some book or other”，可知此处应指“哪一本书”，故选D。
13. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.
A. which B. when C. as D. where
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句用法。句意：这本书对我的日常交际有极大的帮助，尤其在工作中，良好的印象是必须的。句中的先行词为work，在从句a good impression is must中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故D正确。

14. The incredible scientific discoveries which were made during the 19th and 20th centuries ________ the boom (激增) of science in pop culture.
A. made it possible B. made possible C. made possibly D. made it possibly
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：19世纪和20世纪取得的令人难以置信的科学发现使流行文化中科学的繁荣成为可能。分析句子结构可知，此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，该结构中，形容词作宾补，但是当宾语过长时，形容词作宾补可以在宾语之前，即为“make+宾补（形容词）+宾语（名词短语）”且句意合理。故选B项。
15. —Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport?
—No problem.
A. when B. that
C. whether D. what
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】



【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：--你有可能来飞机场接我们吗?--没问题。when 什么时间； that在宾语从句中没有意义； whether是否； what什么。分析句子可知，空格处引导同位语从句，解释说明possibility，从句句意完整，成分齐全，故用连接词that，故选B。
16. The city ________ high-rise public housing towers and replaced them with garden-style apartments.
A. tore away B. tore apart C. tore down D. tore at
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这座城市拆除了高层公屋大厦，代之以花园式公寓。A. tore away忍痛离去，硬行拉走；B. tore apart扯开，使心碎；C. tore down拆毁，拆除（建筑物、墙）；D. tore at撕，扯破。根据句意可知，高层公屋大厦被花园式公寓替代，应先拆除公屋大厦。故选C项。
17. He is strategic about his ________ when he gives speeches, varying the pace, softening on occasion, allowing silence for a contrast.
A. transition B. delivery C. relevance D. facility
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他发表演讲时，他对自己的表达方式很有策略，改变节奏，偶尔柔和一些，允许沉默以形成对比。A. transition过渡，转变；B. delivery（在公共场合的）讲话方式，演说风格，递送；C. relevance相关性，关联性，重要性，意义；D. facility设施，设备，才能。根据句中的“when he gives speeches, varying the pace, softening on occasion, allowing silence for a contrast”可知他演讲时，表达方式很有策略，delivery“（在公共场合的）讲话方式，演说风格”符合句意。故选B。
18. As an adult, Wilson returned to his home to _______ his fondly remembered childhood.
A. reminisce about B. enroll in C. center around D. take on
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：成年后，威尔逊回到家中，回忆起他那令人怀念的童年。A.reminisce about回忆； B.enroll in 参加报名；C.center around 以……为中心；D.take on承担，呈现。根据“his fondly remembered childhood.”可知，成年后，威尔逊回到家中回忆他那令人怀念的童年。故选A项。
19. In a small study published today in the journal Nature, a US team showed that the approach was ________ and safe, but was successful only in a handful of patients.
A. feasible B. casual C. engaging D. carefree
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在今天发表在《自然》杂志上的一项小型研究中，一个美国团队表明，这种方法是可行和安全的，但只在少数患者中成功。A. feasible可行的；B. casual漫不经心的；C. engaging迷人的；D. carefree无忧无虑的。结合空前approach和空后safe可知，此处指这个方法是可行且安全的，故选A。
20. Hawking’s research, if it is proved by further experiments, could ________ some of the biggest mysteries in the universe.
A. find fault with B. set foot on C. make room for D. cast light on
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：霍金的研究，如果有进一步的研究去证实的话，能够让人们更容易地理解宇宙中一些最为神秘的东西。A. find fault with挑剔；B. set foot on进入；踏上；C. make room for给……让出空地方；D. cast light on使（问题等）较容易理解。由语意可知，宇宙中一些最为神秘的东西是人类难以理解的，但是霍金的研究能让人更容易地理解，故选D项。
Section B: Grammar
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
‘Coco’ forced Pixar to dive deep into a real-world culture — and add some diversity
Pixar Studios, for all its fame for creating highly detailed worlds, has rarely had to worry too much about cultural authenticity (文化真实性). Even after all its famous research for movies ___21___Brave and Ratatouille, the filmmakers have been free to use their imaginations, without real fear of offending toymakers and automakers. The Bay Area studio knew, however, that centering “Coco,” which opened Wednesday, Nov. 22, on Mexico’s Day of the Dead holiday would enter an entirely different area, ___22___ it would include not only descriptions of traditions, but also a significant increase in casting diversity. “We knew from the early stages that in creating this film,” co-director Adrian Molina said, “accompanying it was this huge responsibility to represent it faithfully. ”
The Day of the Dead ___23___ (celebrate) widely in Mexico each autumn in memory of departed loved ones and in support of their journey in the afterlife. “Coco” centers around several generations of relatives, both living and dead, ___24___ have lessons to learn and long-buried family secrets to uncover.
“Some filmmakers might simply graft (加入) customs and rituals onto an existing story. That is not at all ___25___ Pixar works,” said Molina, who is of Mexican descent (出身). “We decided pretty much when the film was approved — maybe even before — ___26___ we wanted to get the research done early. ”
Molina grew up in Calif, seeing some aspects of the holiday, but not others. “We wanted to experience the holiday: visit the people, visit the families, ask questions, take photos,” Molina said of the Pixar team’s research field trips to Mexico. “We wanted to really immerse (沉浸在) ourselves in ___27___ the celebration of the Day of the Dead was. Then we would be ready to start discussing story. ”
That animated story centers around a boy, Miguel, who longs to sing and play the guitar in public, despite his grandmother’s ban on making music. Coco, Miguel’s great grandmother, is the last living link to that long-ago misunderstanding involving her father, ___28___ traveling musician.
“There’s a certain language to family, and there’s a certain language across generations — ___29___ it’s a literal language, or just the acts of love and duty and responsibility that come with being a family,” Molina said. “Those seemed like the interesting things from my experience that could completely apply to this kid (Miguel) who feels out of place in his family. ”
Molina also applauds Pixar’s creative move into specific cultures. “If you’re not willing to make a connection with the stories of other people and let them be their ____30____ (talented) selves as artists, as performers, as filmmakers,” he said. “you’re missing out on what the audience wants. ”
“Everyone wants to hold the memories of the ones that have passed on with joy,” Molina said of “Coco,” “and share those memories, and keep them alive.”
【答案】21. like
22. where 23. is celebrated
24. who 25. how
26. because
27. what 28. a
29. either 30. talented
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了《寻梦环游记》使皮克斯深入到现实世界的文化中，该电影不仅包括对传统的描述，还显著增加了演员的多样。
【21题详解】
考查介词。句意：即使在对《勇敢传说》和《料理鼠王》这样的电影进行了所有著名的研究之后，电影制作人仍然可以自由地发挥他们的想象力，而不必真正担心冒犯玩具制造商和汽车制造商。空后是电影名，为名词，此处表示“像，正如”，应用介词like，故填like。
【22题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：然而，旧金山湾区的工作室知道，在11月22日星期三墨西哥的亡灵节开幕的以《寻梦环游记》为中心的电影将进入一个完全不同的领域，它将不仅包括对传统的描述，还将显著增加演员的多样性。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为area，且从句中缺少地点状语，应用where来引导，故填where。
【23题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：墨西哥每年秋天都广泛庆祝亡灵节，以纪念逝去的亲人，并支持他们来世的旅程。空处在句中作谓语，句子描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语The Day of the Dead和动词celebrate是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动，且主语是一个节日，为单数，故填is celebrated。
【24题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：《寻梦环游记》的故事围绕着几代亲戚展开，包括在世的和去世的，他们有学习的课程和长期埋藏的家族秘密要揭开。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为relatives，指人，且从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词who来引导，故填who。
【25题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：“这根本不是皮克斯的工作方式，”墨西哥裔的莫利纳说。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少方式状语，应用how来引导，故填how。
【26题详解】
考查连词。句意：“我们基本上是在电影获得批准时做出决定的，甚至可能是在批准之前，因为我们希望尽早完成研究。”根据句意可知，空后句子是空前句子的原因，应用because引导原因状语从句，故填because。
【27题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：我们想要真正沉浸在亡灵节的庆祝活动中。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少表语，表示“……的事情”，应用what来引导，故填what。
【28题详解】
考查冠词。句意：可可，米格尔的曾祖母，是与那个很久以前的那个误会有关的最后一个活着的人，她的父亲是一个旅行音乐家。此处表示“一个旅行音乐家”，应用不定冠词来修饰musician，且travelling发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a，故填a。
【29题详解】
考查连词。句意：莫利纳说，“家庭之间有一种特定的语言，几代人之间也有一种特定的语言——要么是一种字面上的语言，要么只是作为一个家庭而带来的爱、责任和责任的行为。”either...or固定搭配，意为“或者……或者……”，故填either。
【30题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他说：“如果你不愿意与其他人的故事建立联系，让他们作为艺术家、演员和电影制作人发挥自己的才能。那么你错过了观众想要的东西。”名词selves(自我)应用形容词talented来修饰，作定语，表示“有才能的”，故填talented。
Section C: Vocabulary
Direction: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. maintaining B. effectively C. developed D. wonders E. positioned
F. overcome G. flexibility H. established I. exploring J. remotely K. respectively
Workcations: The travel trend mixing work and play
“After working from home for over a year, I needed a change in atmosphere,” says Vedika Bhaia, a Kolkata-based marketing entrepreneur and content creator. Last summer, she and a friend went on a 15-day trip through India’s Parvati Valley, ____31____ the natural environment while balancing a full workload on a laptop.
Though she was used to working ____32____ , Bhaia says the ‘work-from-anywhere’ mentality (思维模式)created by the pandemic pushed her to take a trip that combined work and leisure. “I knew travelling would do ____33____ for my mental health. It would help me ____34____ the creative block I was having as well,” she says.
The popularity of workcations may seem to conflict with the firmly ____35____ idea that we should keep work and play apart – after all, better awareness of work-related mental health stressors has left us more conscious than ever of the importance of ____36____ boundaries between our professional and personal lives. Yet experts argue that the adaptability we’ve developed during the pandemic has ____37____ us well to enjoy a break that combines work and play. And given the benefits workers see in them – like more chances to explore new places while fulfilling our day-to-day responsibilities – workcations are likely to become a practice lasting well beyond the pandemic.
Of course, there may well be some people who prefer to commit fully to either work or play, rather than combine the two activities. Rachel Fu, professor of tourism, says that whether people enjoy the workcation experience will depend on “a variety of individual personalities and behavioural choices”; some may feel they are only on holiday if they are totally free from work, for example. But Fu suspects that many white-collar workers have ____38____ the skills needed to pull off workcations during the pandemic. “Our behaviours have been forced to change,” she says. “Home is school, home is where we work. We have all been trained to switch: ‘OK, now we have a Zoom meeting’. I think after the past two years, we can switch from one thing to the next very ____39____ . ”
Given the level of interest from workers now accustomed to staying productive in multiple environments, workcations look like a practice that’s here to stay. “As long as you deliver, many companies don’t care where you’re working from,” says Fu. Accommodating workers will be in companies’ interests; it’s already clear that ____40____ will be key to keeping workers, especially as the new generation of workers, in particular, value the ability to work from anywhere.
【答案】31. I 32. J
33. D 34. F
35. H 36. A
37. E 38. C
39. K 40. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了因为疫情而出现的一种新的工作和娱乐相结合的旅行趋势——Workcations。
【31题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：去年夏天，她和一个朋友在印度的帕尔瓦蒂山谷进行了为期15天的旅行，一边探索自然环境，一边在笔记本电脑上平衡全部的工作负荷。根据“the natural environment ”可知，空处表示“探索”自然环境；分析句子可知，本句有谓语went on，空处填非谓语动词作伴随状语，逻辑主语she and a friend 与动词explore之间是主动关系，故填exploring。故选I项。
【32题详解】
考查副词。句意：虽然她习惯了远程工作，但Bhaia说，疫情创造的“随时随地工作”的心态促使她进行了一次工作和休闲相结合的旅行。分析句子可知，空处填副词修饰动词working；根据前文“After working from home for over a year”可知，作者居家办公，即远程工作，故填remotely。故选J项。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：我知道旅行对我的心理健康有好处。分析句子可知，空处填名词作宾语；根据“a trip that combined work and leisure” 可知，边旅行边工作是对身心有好处的；do wonders是固定短语，意为“创造奇迹”，符合题意，所以填名词wonders作宾语。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：这也会帮助我克服创作障碍，她说。根据help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”可知，空处填省略to的不定式作宾补；根据后文“the creative block ”和“as well”可知，旅行不仅有益于我的身心，还能“克服”创作障碍，故填overcome。故选F项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：工作的普及似乎与我们应该把工作和娱乐分开的根深蒂固的观念相冲突。根据空前副词firmly可知空处填形容词或者分词作名词idea的前置定语；根据后面的同位语从句“that we should keep work and play apart”，这是一种根深蒂固的观念，所以填形容词established“确立已久的，知名的”。故选H项。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：毕竟，对与工作有关的心理健康压力的更好认识让我们比以往任何时候都更意识到保持工作和个人生活之间界限的重要性。根据“the importance of”和“boundaries between our professional and personal lives.”可知，此处表示“保持”工作和个人生活之间界限的重要性，故填动名词maintaining作of的宾语。故选A项。
【37题详解】
考查动词。句意：然而，专家认为，我们在疫情期间发展的适应性使我们能够很好地享受工作和娱乐相结合的休息。分析句子可知，that引导的宾语从句中谓语不完整，根据has可知，填过去分词，构成现在完成时；根据后文“ us well to enjoy a break ”可知空处表示“让”我们享受休息；position作动词，表示“使处于”，position sb to do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，故填过去分词positioned。故选E项。
【38题详解】
考查动词。句意：但傅怀疑，许多白领工人已经开发了在疫情期间完成工作所需的技能。分析句子可知，that引导的宾语从句中谓语不完整，根据have可知，填过去分词，构成现在完成时；根据后文“skills”可知，许多人已经“养成”了这种技能。develop skills表示“培养技能”，故填developed。故选C项。
39题详解】
考查副词。句意：我认为，在过去两年之后，我们可以有效地从一件事转向另一件事。分析句子可知，空处填副词修饰动词switch；根据上文“ We have all been trained to switch”和“from one thing to the next ”可知，空处表示我们非常“灵活地、有效地”从一件事专项转向另一件事，故填effectively。故选K项。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：很明显，灵活性将是留住工人的关键，特别是在新一代工人尤其重视从任何地方工作的能力的情况下。分析句子可知，that引导的主语从句中缺主语，应填名词。根据前文“As long as you deliver, many companies don’t care where you’re working from”和后文“will be key to keeping workers”可知，留住工人的关键就是灵活性，故填flexibility，为不可数名词。故选G项。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A: Cloze
Direction: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
You may already be familiar with recent findings that suggest children as young as six months who read books with their parents several times a week show stronger literacy skills four years later, score higher on intelligence tests, and land better jobs than nonreaders. But recent research argues that reading may be just as important in ____41____ . When practiced over a lifetime, reading and language acquisition (习得) skills can support healthy brain functioning in big ways. Simply put: ____42____ power increases brain power.
To ____43____ why and what each of us can do to get the most out of our words start by asking the same question the Yale team did: What is it about reading books in particular that increases our brain power while reading newspapers and magazines doesn’t? For one, the researchers assume, chapter books encourage “deep reading.” Unlike skimming a page of headlines, reading a book forces your brain to think critically and make ____44____ from one chapter to another, and to the outside world. When you make associations, so does your brain, literally building new pathways between regions in all four lobes (脑叶) and both hemispheres. Over time, these neural networks can promote quicker thinking and may provide a greater ____45____ against the worst effects of cognitive decay (认知衰退) .
____46____ , reading books, especially fiction, has been shown to increase empathy (共鸣) and emotional intelligence. One 2013 study found that participants who read just the first part or chapter of a story showed a noticeable increase in empathy one week later, while ____47____ readers showed a decrease. These findings may sound ____48____ , but they’re not; developing social tools such as empathy and emotional intelligence can lead to more (and more positive) human interaction, which ____49____ can lower stress levels—both of which are proved to help you live longer and healthier.
That’s not to say that magazines, newspapers, and Web articles are without _____50_____ . Reading anything that fills your mind and exposes you to new words, phrases, and facts seems to carry _____51_____ benefits. New research indicates that a large _____52_____ may lead to a more flexible mind by fueling what scientists call cognitive reserve (认知储备). One way to think about this reserve is as your brain’s ability to adapt to _____53_____ . Just as your blood cells will help to cover a cut on your knee, cognitive reserve helps your brain cells find new mental pathways around areas damaged by stroke, dementia, and other forms of decay. This could explain why, after death, many seemingly healthy elders turn out to harbor advanced signs of Alzheimer’s disease in their brains despite showing few signs _____54_____ . It’s their cognitive reserve, researchers suspect, that may allow some seniors to _____55_____ hidden brain damage.
41. A. childhood B. adulthood C. education D. occupation
42. A. Memory B. Fluency C. Literature D. Word
43. A. understand B. believe C. question D. confess
44. A. explorations B. connections C. equivalents D. judgments
45. A. appeal B. struggle C. defense D. warning
46. A. Consequently B. However C. Besides D. Instead
47. A. news B. regular C. mind D. occasional
48. A. inevitable B. unofficial C. undeniable D. insignificant
49. A. in the meantime B. to date C. in turn D. to the full
50. A. advantages B. weaknesses C. threats D. opportunities
51. A. physical B. mental C. economic D. social
52. A. proportion B. brain C. vocabulary D. range
53. A. decrease B. change C. increase D. damage
54. A. as before B. in total C. as usual D. in life
55. A. look down on B. make up for C. get used to D. take out of
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. B 45. C 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. C 50. A 51. B 52. C 53. D 54. D 55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要说明了阅读，尤其是小说阅读对成年人脑健康的积极作用。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但最近的研究表明，阅读在成年时期可能同样重要。A. childhood童年；B. adulthood成年期；C. education教育；D. occupation工作。根据下文“When practiced over a lifetime, reading and language acquisition (习得) skills can support healthy brain functioning in big ways.”以及结合本文主旨可知本段主要介绍了关于这个问题的一些最新研究及其结果，可知小说的阅读对成年人脑健康是同等重要。故选B项。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：词汇力量增加脑力。A. Memory记忆；B. Fluency流利程度；C. Literature文献，文学；D. Word单词。根据下文“Reading anything that fills your mind and exposes you to new words, phrases, and facts seems to carry ___11____benefits.”可知此处强调的是词汇素养的力量。故选D项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：要弄明白知道为什么以及我们每个人都能做些什么来最大限度地利用我们的语言。A. understand理解；B. believe相信；C. question提问；D. confess承认。根据下文“What is it about reading books in particular that increases our brain power while reading newspapers and magazines doesn’t?”可知耶鲁团队是为了弄明白语言以及词汇的力量才进行了这项研究。故选A项。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：与浏览一页标题不同，阅读一本书会迫使你的大脑批判性地思考，并从一个章节到另一个章节，以及与外部世界建立联系。A. explorations探索；B. connections连接；C. equivalents等量；D. judgments判决。根据下文的“from one chapter to another, and to the outside world”可知大脑进行批判性思维让文章的章节和外界建立联系。故选B项。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，这些神经网络可以促进更快的思考，并可能对认知衰退的最坏影响提供更大的防护。A. appeal上诉，吸引；B. struggle斗争；C. defense防御；D. warning警告。根据下文的“against the worst effects of cognitive decay”可知思维敏捷有助于抵御认知衰退。故选C项。
【46题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：另外，阅读书籍，尤其是小说，已被证明能增加共鸣和情商。A. Consequently因此；B. However然而；C. Besides除了；D. Instead相反。根据前文的“For one, the researchers assume, chapter books encourage ‘deep reading’”以及上一段最后一句“Over time, these neural networks can promote quicker thinking and may provide a greater ____5____ against the worst effects of cognitive decay (认知衰退)”可知本段紧接着上一段，通过阅读在情感上的作用来说明阅读的好处，因此两段之间需要用表示递进的“besides”来连接。故选C项。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2013年的一项研究发现，仅阅读故事第一部分或章节的参与者在一周后表现出明显的同理心增强，而7名新闻读者则表现出下降。A. news新闻；B. regular定时的，常客；C. mind头脑；D. occasional偶尔的。根据第二段的“What is it about reading books in particular that increases our brain power while reading newspapers and magazines doesn’t?”可知和上一段一样，本段依然还是在回答第二段第一句所提出的问题，因此本句还是关于读小说和读报纸杂志之间的区别。故选A项。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些发现可能听起来不太重要。A. inevitable不可避免的；B. unofficial非官方的；C. undeniable不可否认的；D. insignificant微不足道的。根据下文“but they’re not; developing social tools such as empathy and emotional intelligence can lead to more (and more positive) human interaction, which _9__ can lower stress levels—both of which are proved to help you live longer and healthier.”可知这些发现是非常重要的。故选D项。
【49题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：发展同理心和情商等社交工具可以带来更多（和更积极的）人际互动，因而这可以降低压力水平，这两者都被证明有助于你长寿和健康。。A. in the meantime同时；B. to date迄今为止；C. in turn依次，相应地，转而；D. to the full完全。该定语从句是对前文的“more (and more positive)human interaction”补充说明，表示“相应地可以降低压力的程度”，故选C项。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这并不是说杂志、报纸和网络文章没有好处。A. advantages优点；B. weaknesses弱点；C. threats威胁；D. opportunities机会。根据下文“Reading anything that fills your mind and exposes you to new words, phrases, and facts seems to carry _11_ benefits.”可知本段话锋一转，杂志、报纸及网络文章也不是一无是处。故选A项。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：阅读任何能让你充满思想并让你接触新单词、短语和事实的东西似乎都有精神上的好处。A. physical物理的，身体的；B. mental精神的；C. economic经济的；D. social社会的。根据下文“New research indicates that a large _12__may lead to a more flexible mind by fueling what scientists call cognitive reserve (认知储备).”可知阅读都会对精神健康带来好处。故选B项。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项新的研究表明，一个巨大的词汇量可能会激发科学家所谓的认知储备，从而导致大脑更加灵活。A. proportion比例；B. brain大脑；C. vocabulary词汇；D. range范围。根据前文“Reading anything that fills your mind and exposes you to new words, phrases, and facts seems to carry _11_ benefits”可知词汇量越大，你的大脑也越灵活。故选C项。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：考虑这种储备的一种方式是你的大脑适应损伤的能力。A. decrease减少；B. change改变；C. increase增加；D. damage损坏。根据下文“Just as your blood cells will help to cover a cut on your knee, cognitive reserve helps your brain cells find new mental pathways around areas damaged by stroke, dementia, and other forms of decay”可知作者把这种认知储备看做是大脑对损伤的适应。故选D项。
【54题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：这可以解释为什么许多看似健康的老年人在死后，尽管在生活中很少出现老年痴呆症的迹象，但他们的大脑中却隐藏着老年痴呆症晚期的迹象。A. as before依旧，如故；B. in total总共；C. as usual如通常的；D. in life在生活中。根据前文“This could explain why, after death, many seemingly healthy elders turn out to harbor advanced signs of Alzheimer’s disease”可知作者进一步用阿尔茨海默病作为例子来证明本段的观点，一些看上去健康的人死后被发现大脑里有这种病的迹象，但是生前并没有任何表现。故选D项。
【55题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：研究人员怀疑，这是他们的认知储备，可能会让一些老年人弥补了隐藏的大脑损伤。A. look down on看不起；B. make up for弥补；C. get used to习惯；D. take out of取出。根据前文“This could explain why, after death, many seemingly healthy elders turn out to harbor advanced signs of Alzheimer’s disease in their brains despite showing few signs_14_”可知本句是对上一句所描述的现象的解释，即正是这些人大脑里的认知储备弥补了这些隐性的脑损伤。故选B项。
Section B: Reading comprehension
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
“We have Dante, Shakespeare and Du Fu (712 — 770). These poets create the very values by which poetry is judged,”said Harvard professor Stephen Owen in Du Fu, China’s Greatest Poet, a BBC documentary.
Despite the fact that Du Fu is usually mentioned in the same breath as Dante and Shakespeare, he has remained largely unknown in the Western world for long. However, with the screening of the first English-language documentary feature about the poet, the days of Du Fu as China’s best-kept literary secret seem to be just numbered.
It is written and presented by Michael Wood, a skilled television historian who also directed other China-related documentaries such as The Story of China (2016) and The Story of China’s Reform and Opening Up(2018).
From the Yellow River to the Yangtze Gorges, and down to the forested hills of Hunan province, Wood visited a number of places such as the poet’s birthplace Gongyi in Henan province and Tang Dynasty capital Chang’an, today’s Xi’an. Along the way, he met and talked to ordinary people, dancers and musicians, who helped to tell the fantastic story of the poet. Interviews with famous scholars specializing in Chinese literature also helped present a clearer picture of the poet’s life experiences, literary significance and his friendship with Li Bai, another great Chinese poet.
Born in 712, Du Fu lived in the Tang Dynasty, a time marked by extraordinary cultural achievements. However, after a civil unrest, Du Fu, the former civil servant at the Tang court, was forced to be come a porter, and suffered from starvation. Through ups and downs, the poet never stopped writing, pouring out his concern for his-country and people as well as celebrating the simple joys of life.
Du’s poetry reflects the country’s historical events mirrored in his own spiritual journey, so he becomes a part of the emotional vocabulary of Chinese culture, said Stephen Owen, who in 2016 completed the eight-year-long project to translate DuFu’s 1,400 poems into English.
56. The underlined part in paragraph 2 implies that the documentary will help________.
A. create the values of poetry
B. the West know more about Du Fu
C. keep the secrets in Du Fu’s poems
D. Du Fu become one of the top 3 poets
57. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A. Du Fu’s colorful life experiences.
B. Local people’s admiration for Du Fu.
C. Famous scholars’ research findings on Du Fu.
D. Michael Wood’s effort in making the documentary.
58. Which of the following can best describe Du Fu?
A. Inspiring and helpful. B. Tough and responsible.
C. Easy-going and careful. D. Generous and hardworking.
59. What is probably the best title for the passage?
A. Du Fu’s poetry wins world’s recognition
B. Du Fu’s poems are translated into English
C. BBC documentary reflects Chinese culture
D. BBC documentary presents China’s Shakespeare
【答案】56. B 57. D 58. B 59. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。介绍了一部由Michael Wood制作的关于杜甫的纪录片。
【56题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Despite the fact that Du Fu is usually mentioned in the same breath as Dante and Shakespeare, he has remained largely unknown in the Western world for long. (尽管杜甫通常与但丁和莎士比亚齐名，但长期以来，他在西方世界并不被熟知)”可知，西方人不太了解杜甫。划线句子中的“However”说明与上一句存在转折关系，因而可以推知，划线句子表达的意思是“西方人将更了解杜甫”。故选B。
【57题详解】
主旨大意题。第四段主要讲述了Wood寻访搜查关于杜甫素材的过程，通过“From the Yellow River to the Yangtze Gorges, and down to the forested hills of Hunan province, Wood visited a number of places such as the poet’s birthplace Gongyi in Henan province and Tang Dynasty capital Chang’an, today’s Xi’an.(从黄河到长江三峡，再到湖南省的山林，Wood参观了许多地方，比如杜甫的故乡河南巩义、唐代首都长安、西安等地)”可知，Wood为了纪录片的制作付出了很多努力。故选D。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Through ups and downs, the poet never stopped writing, pouring out his concern for his-country and people as well as celebrating the simple joys of life.(经历了风风雨雨，这位诗人从未停止过写作，倾注了他对国家和人民的关心，同时也表达了简单的生活乐趣)”可知，虽然经历了风风雨雨，但杜甫依然坚持写作，可见他是坚强的；在他的诗中表达对国家和人民的关心，可见他是有责任感的人。故选B。
【59题详解】
主旨大意题。通读文章可知，本文主要讲述了一部关于杜甫的纪录片。根据第一段““We have Dante, Shakespeare and Du Fu (712－770). These poets create the very values by which poetry is judged,”said Harvard professor Stephen Owen in Du Fu, China’s Greatest Poet, a BBC documentary.(“我们有但丁、莎士比亚和杜甫（712－770）。这些诗人创造了评判诗歌的价值观，”哈佛大学教授Stephen Owen在BBC纪录片《中国最伟大的诗人杜甫》中说)”可知，杜甫与莎士比亚齐名，因此“BBC documentary presents China’s Shakespeare(BBC的纪录片介绍中国的莎士比亚)”适合作为本文标题。故选D。
(B)
Marco Polo Timeline (1254—1324)
1254 On September 15, Marco Polo was born in Venice.
1260 His wealthy father and uncle, Nicolo and Maffeo Polo, set sail from Constantinople to the Crimea on a trading journey.
1262 Nicolo and Maffeo Polo received an invitation to China to meet the Kublai Khan (忽必烈).
1269 Nicolo and Maffeo Polo returned to Venice.
1271 Marco Polo accompanied his father and uncle on a journey through the Holy Land, Persia and Tartary and to the Empire of China.
1274 The travellers reached China after a three-year journey. Marco Polo’s father and uncle renewed their friendly acquaintance with the Kublai Khan and presented him with papal (教皇的) letters. They were given important positions at his court in return. Marco Polo learned to speak the Chinese language.
1275 Marco Polo was appointed as an envoy (使节) for the Kublai Khan and traveled through China on his missions.
1280’s Marco Polo traveled through Asia working for the Kublai Khan and was eventually appointed as a governor of one of his cities.
1292 A marriage was arranged for the daughter of Kublai Khan, the Princess Cocachin, and the Polos accompanied the wedding party, consisting of a fleet of fourteen ships, to Persia.
1293 The Polos stayed in Persia to celebrate the wedding and then headed towards the Black Sea to make their way back to Venice.
1295 Marco Polo arrived in Venice with the finest collection of jewels ever seen. Venice was at war with Genoa.
1298 Marco Polo was made a “gentleman commander” of a Venetian galley. His ship joined in the battle of Kurzola and he was taken as a prisoner of war by the Genoese. When he was in prison he met a writer called Rustichello da Pisa and dictated (口述) to him an account of his travels and experiences in China, Japan, and other Eastern countries.
1299 Marco Polo was released as a prisoner of war in Genoa.
60. When did the Polos start their journey towards the Empire of China?
A 1262. B. 1269. C. 1271. D. 1274.
61. Marco Polo’s father and uncle were given important positions in the court of the Kublai Khan. It was probably because ________.
A. they were very wealthy traders B. they were successful adventurers
C. they brought to China papal letters D. they learnt to speak the Chinese language
62. According to the timeline, what was the last thing that Marco Polo did before returning to Venice?
A. He married the daughter of the Kublai Khan.
B. He accompanied Princess Cocachin to Persia.
C. He was made the commander of a fleet.
D. He dictated an account of his travels to the East.
【答案】60. C 61. C 62. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章按时间表的形式介绍了马可波罗在1254到1299年之间发生的重大事件。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“1271 Marco Polo accompanied his father and uncle on a journey through the Holy Land, Persia and Tartary and to the Empire of China.”（1271年 马可波罗陪同他的父亲和叔叔踏上了穿越巴勒斯坦，波斯和鞑靼旅程并最终到达中国。）可知，马可波罗是在1271年开始去中国的旅行。故选C项。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段“Marco Polo’s father and uncle renewed their friendly acquaintance with the Kublai Khan and presented him with papal (教皇的) letters. They were given important positions at his court in return.”（马可波罗的父亲和叔叔重新恢复了和忽必烈的联系并带给他中国皇帝的信件。作为回报他们被授予重要的职位。）可知，他们被忽必烈授予重要的职位是因为带回了中国皇帝的信。故选C项。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据第十段“The Polos stayed in Persia to celebrate the wedding and then headed towards the Black Sea to make their way back to Venice.”（马可波罗一家留在波斯庆祝婚礼，然后前往黑海返回威尼斯。）可知，马可波罗在返回威尼斯前做的最后一件事就是陪伴可卡钦公主去波斯。故选B项。
(C)
You can tell a lot about people’s general state of mind based on their social media feeds. Are they always tweeting about their biggest annoyances or posting pictures of particularly cute kitties? In a similar fashion, researchers are turning to Twitter for clues about the overall happiness of entire geographic communities.
What they’re finding is that regional variation in the use of common phrases produces predictions that don’t always reflect the local state of well-being. But removing from their analyses just three specific terms — good, love and LOL — greatly improves the accuracy of the methods.
We’re living in a crazy COVID-19 era. And now more than ever, we’re using social media to adapt to a new normal and reach out to the friends and family that we can’t meet face-to-face. Kokil Jaidka studies computational linguistics at the National University of Singapore. “But our words aren’t useful just to understand what we, as individuals, think and feel. They’re also useful clues about the community we live in. ”
One of the simpler methods that many scientists use to analyze the data involves correlating words with positive or negative emotions. But when those records are compared with phone surveys that assess regional well-being, Jaidka says, they don’t paint an accurate picture of the local Zeitgeist (时代精神).
Being able to get an accurate read on the mood of the population is no laughing matter. “That’s particularly important now, in the time of COVID, where we’re expecting a mental health crisis and we’re already seeing in survey data the largest decrease in subjective well-being in 10 years at least, if not ever. ”
To find out why, Jaidka and her team analyzed billions of tweets from around the United States. And they found that among the most frequently used terms on Twitter are LOL, love and good. And they actually throw the analysis off. Why the disconnect?
“Internet language is really a different beast than regular spoken language. We’ve adapted words from the English vocabulary to mean different things in different situations. ” says Jaidka. “Take, for example, LOL. I’ve tweeted the word LOL to express irony, annoyance and sometimes just pure surprise. When the methods for measuring LOL as a marker of happiness were created in the 1990s, it still meant laughing out loud. ”
“There are plenty of terms that are less misleading,” says Jaidka. “Our models tell us that words like excited, fun, great, opportunity, interesting, fantastic and those are better words for measuring subjective well-being. ”
63. The researchers turn to social media feeds to _______.
A. help with the analysis of people’s subjective well-being
B. locate the most frequently used words
C. prove the disconnect between language and emotions
D. make the prediction method more effective
64. In regular spoken language, which of the following is most likely to fill in the blank “Fantastic! _______”
A. How come he can afford such a luxury car?
B. I’ve left the book on the bus again.
C. A good movie, definitely worth seeing!
D. Why do I have to do the chores again?
65. How did Jaidka know the analysis wasn’t accurate?
A. It didn’t reflect the mood of the entire geographic community.
B. It didn’t match the assessment result of the phone surveys.
C. It didn’t consider the features of Internet language.
D. It didn’t take the regional variations into account.
66. Which of the following statements will Jaidka most probably agree with?
A. Face-to-face communication is needed to ensure happiness.
B. Internet use is to blame for the decrease in subjective well-being.
C. Internet language should be abandoned as a source of scientific analysis.
D. Less misleading words should be used in assessing subjective well-being.
【答案】63. A 64. C 65. B 66. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员利用媒体来帮助分析人们的主观幸福感，并建议在评估主观幸福感时，应该使用更少误导性的词语。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“In a similar fashion, researchers are turning to Twitter for clues about the overall happiness of entire geographic communities.”(与此类似，研究人员也在推特上寻找有关整个地理社区整体幸福感的线索。)可知，研究人员利用媒体来帮助分析人们的主观幸福感。故选A项。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Our models tell us that words like excited, fun, great, opportunity, interesting, fantastic and those are better words for measuring subjective well-being.”(我们的模型告诉我们，兴奋、有趣、很棒、机会、有趣、美妙等词是衡量主观幸福感的更好词汇。)推断出C“A good movie, definitely worth seeing!”(一部好电影，绝对值得一看！)是说话者对主观幸福的表达，最有可能填在空白处。故选C项。
【65题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“But when those records are compared with phone surveys that assess regional well-being, Jaidka says, they don’t paint an accurate picture of the local Zeitgeist. ”(但当这些记录与评估地区福祉的电话调查相比较时，Jaidka说，它们并不能准确描绘当地的时代精神。)可知Jaidka知道分析不准确是因为和电话调查结果不一致。故选B项。
【66题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are plenty of terms that are less misleading,”says Jaidka. “Our models tell us that words like excited, fun, great, opportunity, interesting, fantastic and those are better words for measuring subjective well-being.”(“有很多术语不那么具有误导性，”贾伊德卡说。“我们的模型告诉我们，兴奋、有趣、很棒、机会、有趣、美妙等词是衡量主观幸福感的更好词汇。”)可知，Jaidka可能会认同D项“Less misleading words should be used in assessing subjective well-being.”(在评估主观幸福感时，应该使用更少误导性的词语。)。故选D项。
(D)
Are you a different person when you speak a foreign language? That’s just one of the questions The New Yorker’s writer and native North Carolinian Lauren Collins explores in her engaging autobiography, about her tough efforts to master French after marrying a Frenchman whose name — Olivier — she couldn’t even pronounce properly. When in French ranges from the humorously personal to a deeper look at various theories of language acquisition and linguistics.
The couple met in London “on more or less neutral ground: his continent, my language.” But the balance shifted when they moved to Geneva for Olivier’s work. The normally voluble Collins found herself at a loss — “nearly speechless.” The language barrier, and her dependence on her husband for simple things like buying the right cut of meat worsened her mixed feelings about “unlovely, but not ridiculous” Geneva. She comments, “Language, as much as land, is a place. To be cut off from it is to be, in a sense, homeless.”
Her sense of alienation (疏离感) leads to an examination of America’s miserable record when it comes to foreign languages: “Linguists call America ‘the graveyard of languages’ because of its singular ability to take in millions of immigrants and make their native languages die out in a few generations,” Collins writes. Educated in Wilmington, N. C., and at Princeton, she could — like the vast majority of Americans — only speak their mother tongue.
Eight months after she moved to Switzerland, Collins gave up on the natural acquisition of language and finally enrolls in a French course. As she struggles with grammar and vocabulary, Collins notes smartly that vert (green), verre (glass), ver (worm), vers (toward), and vair (squirrel) compose a quintuple homonym (同形异义). “Although it’s difficult, French can be tried,” she says.
Yet French is actually considered among the easiest languages for an English speaker to learn, especially compared to Arabic or Mandarin Chinese. Collins, whose notably rich English vocabulary includes glossolalia (nonsense speech) and shibboleth (catchword or slogan), finds plenty of terrific French words to love. She writes, “English is a trust fund, an unearned inheritance, but I’ve worked for every bit of French I’ve banked.”
Unlike Jhumpa Lahiri, who became so hooked on Italian and used it to write In Other Words, Collins’ goals for learning French were more modest: “I wanted to speak French and to sound like North Carolina.” She also wanted to be able to deal with chimney sweeps and butchers, communicate with her in-laws, and “to touch Olivier in his own language.” She admits that she feels different speaking French: “Its austerity (朴素) made me feel more confused.”
67. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “voluble” in Paragraph 2?
A. Graceful. B. Dependent. C. Talkative. D. Energetic.
68. Why do linguists call America “the graveyard of languages”?
A. Because other languages are prohibited in America.
B. Because only English-speaking people can immigrate into America.
C. Because immigrants’ native languages contradict English in America.
D. Because American culture swallows up immigrants’ native languages gradually.
69. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4 and Paragraph 5?
A. Collins’ English vocabulary knowledge contributes little to her French learning.
B. Collins has found out some effective ways of mastering French words.
C. Arabic or Mandarin Chinese is easier to learn than French for English speakers.
D. It’s terrifying for Collins to have French words in store for practical use.
70. The example of Jhumpa Lahiri in the passage is given to show that ________.
A. Collins aims at using French for her daily life.
B. Collins wants to apply French to serve her writing.
C. it’s inappropriate for Jhumpa Lahiri to write in another language.
D. foreign language always makes learners feel complicated about life.
【答案】67. C 68. D 69. B 70. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Lauren Collins的自传When in French的相关内容。
【67题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The normally(通常)”及下文“found herself at a loss — “nearly speechless.” (发现自己不知所措——“几乎说不出话来”)”可推知，此处与以往的自己形成强烈的反差。由此可知，划线词voluble与“speechless”意思相反，意为“健谈的”，与talkative意义相近。故选C。
【68题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Her sense of alienation (疏离感) leads to an examination of America’s miserable record when it comes to foreign languages: “Linguists call America ‘the graveyard of languages’ because of its singular ability to take in millions of immigrants and make their native languages die out in a few generations,” Collins writes.(她的疏离感引发了对美国在外语方面的悲惨记录的审视：“语言学家称美国为‘语言的墓地’，因为它具有吸收数百万移民并使他们的母语在几代人中消亡的独特能力，”柯林斯写道)”可知，语言学家称美国为“语言的坟墓”是因为美国文化逐渐吞噬了移民的母语。故选D。
【69题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As she struggles with grammar and vocabulary, Collins notes smartly that vert (green), verre (glass), ver (worm), vers (toward), and vair (squirrel) compose a quintuple homonym (同形异义). “Although it’s difficult, French can be tried,” she says. (当她在语法和词汇上苦苦挣扎时，柯林斯聪明地注意到vert(绿色)、verre(玻璃)、ver(蠕虫)、vers(朝向)和vair(松鼠)组成了一个由五个词构成的同形异义词。“虽然很难，但法语是可以尝试的，”她说)”以及第五段“Collins, whose notably rich English vocabulary includes glossolalia (nonsense speech) and shibboleth (catchword or slogan), finds plenty of terrific French words to love. She writes, “English is a trust fund, an unearned inheritance, but I’ve worked for every bit of French I’ve banked.”(Collins的英语词汇量非常丰富，包括glossolalia(无意义的话)和shibboleth(流行语或口语)，她发现有很多很棒的法语单词值得喜爱。她写道：“英语是一笔信托基金，是一笔不劳而获的遗产，但我积攒的每一点法语都是通过努力获得的。”)”可推知，Collins找到了一些掌握法语单词的有效方法，并且逐渐取得了进步。故选B。
【70题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Unlike Jhumpa Lahiri, who became so hooked on Italian and used it to write In Other Words, Collins’ goals for learning French were more modest: “I wanted to speak French and to sound like North Carolina.” She also wanted to be able to deal with chimney sweeps and butchers, communicate with her in-laws, and “to touch Olivier in his own language.” (与Jhumpa Lahiri不同，Jhumpa Lahiri非常迷恋意大利语，还用意大利语写了《换句话说》，Collins学习法语的目标要小得多：“我想说法语，听起来像北卡罗来纳州的人。”她还希望能够与烟囱清洁工和屠夫打交道，与她的姻亲交流，并“用Olivier的语言接触他”)”可推知，文中Jhumpa Lahiri的例子是为了说明Collins学习法语是为了在日常生活中使用。故选A。
Translation: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
71. 我们不应对Tom期待过高，因为他的表现远不尽如人意。(expect)(汉译英)
【答案】We should not expect too much from Tom because his performance is far from satisfactory.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。表示“我们不应对Tom期待过高”为we should not expect too much from Tom，情态动词should的否定形式加动词原形构成复合谓语，expect sth from sb“期待某人（会做出）某事”是固定短语；表示“因为他的表现远不尽如人意”为原因状语从句because his performance is far from satisfactory，be far from“距……很远”是固定搭配，根据句意可知，谓语动词用一般现在时，主谓一致。句首字母大写，故翻译为We should not expect too much from Tom because his performance is far from satisfactory.
72. 这位旅行者有着坚定的决心，难怪能克服重重阻碍。(wonder)(汉译英)
【答案】It was no wonder that the traveller overcame so many obstacles with such strong determination.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、时态、冠词、名词、介词。结合句意可知，已经克服了困难，故需要用一般过去时；表示“难怪……”为固定句型it is no wonder that，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句，it位于句首需要大写首字母；表示“这位旅行者”为特指，故需要用定冠词the；表示“克服”为overcome，一般过去时态形式为overcame；“重重”意为“很多”，故用so many修饰obstacle“阻碍”，其中obstacle为可数名词，故需要用复数形式；表示“有着”可以用介词with表伴随，表示“坚定的决心”可用strong determination，determination一般为不可数名词，伴随状语可位于句末，保持句子平衡。故翻译为It was no wonder that the traveller overcame so many obstacles with such strong determination.
73. 罗马文明源远流长，杰作比比皆是，这对后世影响深远。(which)(汉译英)
【答案】Roman civilization has a long history, and its masterpieces can be found everywhere, which has a profound influence on next generations.
【解析】
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句和固定短语。分析句子可知，句子主语是“罗马文明”应译为Roman civilization；表示“源远流长”即为“有悠久的历史”应译为have a long history，根据句意可知，此处描述的是客观事实，所以应用一般现在时态，主语是三单，所以谓语也应是单数，故翻译为Roman civilization has a long history；表示“杰作”为masterpieces，“比比皆是”译为 can be found everywhere，与上文内容并列，故主句翻译为Roman civilization has a long history, and its masterpieces can be found everywhere；根据提示，从句使用which引导的非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“对后世影响深远”即为“对后世有深远的影响”应译为have a profound influence on next generations，主语是which指代的是上文中的整件事，作为整体，所以谓语动词用单数，时态与主句时态一致。故翻译为Roman civilization has a long history, and its masterpieces can be found everywhere, which has a profound influence on next generations.。