2022-2023学年江苏省新海高级中学高一上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年江苏省新海高级中学高一上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版），共24页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。

江苏省新海高级中学2022 - 2023学年度第一学期期中考试
高一年级英语试卷(必修)
时间120分钟
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最 佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小 题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the woman do first?
A. Change planes. B. Meet the man. C. Travel in Dubai.
2. What does the man think of the newspaper?
A. It is boring. B. It is expensive. C. It is useful
3. What does the man remember most clearly about reaching the top?
A. His father’s advice.
B. His legs’ discomfort.
C. The wonderful scenery.
4. Where did the man try to find some information?
A. On the Internet. B. On TV. C. In a newspaper.
5. What are the speakers talking about?
A. Ordering a coffee
B. Renting a new house.
C. Arranging the furniture.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三 个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读 各个小题，每小题5秒钟:听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读 两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What can we know about the store?
A. It is newly decorated.
B: It has no help desks
C. It is close to a restaurant.
7. What did the man want to buy?
A. Some chairs. B. Some dishes. C. Some tables.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Teacher and student.
B. School friends.
C. Mother and son
9. What does the man find difficult?
A. Identifying certain butterflies.
B. Finding butterflies in the city.
C. Pronouncing the names of butterflies.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Where did the woman go finally in Spain?
A. Barcelona. B. Zaragoza. C. Granada.
11. What does the man enjoy doing while traveling?
A. Touring various spots.
B. Relaxing in one place.
C. Seeing views on trains.
12. What is the man interested in about Barcelona?
A. The beach B. The clothes shops C. The food
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Who encouraged the woman to try swimming first
A. Her brother. B. Her father. C. Her mother.
14. What does the woman usually do before a race?
A. She listens to music.
B. She talks to her coach
C. She practises a lot.
15. How does the woman feel about negative comments from the public?
A. Annoyed. B. Unconcerned. C. Worried.
16. What does the woman say is the hardest thing to deal with?
A. Serious injury.
B. Complete defeat.
C. Family’s high expectations.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What time can a visitor choose to go to the building on weekends?
A. At 8 am. B. At4pm. C. At6pm.
18. How often does the fire alarm test take place?
A. Once a day. B. Once a week. C. Once a month.
19. Which floor is the cafe on?
A. The second floor. B. The third floor. C. The fourth floor.
20. Who is Carl?
A. A fireman. B. A coach. C. A manager.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
At long last, winter has gone. There is the heavy smell of earth in the air, mixed with the faint odor (气味) of new growth. The sun is out and the natural world is becoming noisy. Tree blossoms (花) are popping out all over the place and so are insects. My garden pond has been playing host to a frog who sings beautiful songs. Turn to page 20 to check out what wild life activity is going on in your local area.
If all this excitement isn’t enough for you, then hold onto your hats because our popular podcast (播客) Mysteries of Science is back for a third season! We’ll deal with science puzzles, (why do your earliest memories disappear? ) and, of course, investigate the mysteries of history (there’s one on page 48). You can find Mysteries of Science wherever you get your podcasts, or by following this link: funkidslive.com/podcast/mysteries.
I would like to wrap up with a shout to our amazing collaborators. So many people help to bring you this magazine, and not just our excellent team. This month, we’ve been having fascinating conversations with elephant conservationists (page 12), zookeepers at Chester Zoo (page 4) and online science bloggers (page 28). We’ve heard from experts at F1 car maker McLaren, computer company Dell and the British Esports Association (page 42), and we’ve had our mind blown by the amazing people who train guide dogs (page 38). Who wouldn’t want to be part of us? And you can be, too — just dive right in!
Dan Green, editor
1. What season’s scene is described in the first paragraph?
A. Spring. B. Summer. C. Autumn. D. Winter.
2. What is the magazine’s popular podcast mainly about?
A. Art. B. History. C. Health. D. Science.
3. Where in the magazine can you read “How are guide dogs trained? ”
A. On page 12. B. On page 28. C. On page 38. D. On page 42.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一本杂志的大概内容，以及它们所在的页码。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“At long last, winter has gone. There is the heavy smell of earth in the air, mixed with the faint odor(气味) of new growth. The sun is out and the natural world is becoming noisy. Tree blossoms(花)are popping out all over the place and so are insects. My garden pond has been playing host to a frog who sings beautiful songs.(冬天终于过去了。空气中有浓重的泥土味，夹杂着新生长的微弱气味。太阳出来了，自然界变得嘈杂起来。到处都开满了树花，昆虫也一样。我花园的池塘招待了一只唱着动听歌曲的青蛙)”推知，第一段描写的是春天的场景。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“If all this excitement isn’t enough for you, then hold onto your hats because our popular podcast(播客) Mysteries of Science is back for a third season!(如果这些激动人心的消息还不够让你兴奋，那么请稳稳当当地坐好，因为我们受欢迎的播客《科学之谜》第三季回归了!)”可知，该杂志受欢迎的博客是关于科学的。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“we’ve had our mind blown by the amazing people who train guide dogs (page 38)(我们被训练导盲犬的了不起的人所震撼(第38页))”推知，我们可以在38页阅读到“How are guide dogs trained?”。故选C
B
Last Monday, I visited Jalan Besar to find a new fan blade (扇叶) for a standing fan that my daughters had broken.
I’d worked in the Jalan Besar area 30 years ago and remembered that there were lots of small hardware(五金制品) shops selling unusual things so I thought that I woud have no problem finding a fan blade. However, after walking around for almost an hour, I found out that these shops were no longer around.
When I was ready to give up and go home, I spotted an old-fashioned hardware store. After being greeted by a woman, I explained my predicament. She immediately asked me to show her the broken blade. Out of nowhere, a man who looked to be in his 60s came out.
He asked to see the blade and then disappeared into the shop. He came back with a blade but it did not look the same as what I had in my hand. We compared the two blades and he said that it might work.
I asked him how much it was.
He told me that he had taken the blade off an old fan that someone had brought in for repair.
He said: “It didn’t cost me anything, so why should I charge you for it? ”
That really touched me. I took the blade home and it work perfectly! My daughters got a “new” fan for nothing.
When I told them this story, they were shocked as they are used to patronizing (经常光顾) big modern shops where everything is transactional (交易型的) and the employees go strictly by the book. Not so much my wife. She is almost in her 60s, and said this reminded her of the kind aunties and uncles who used to run small shops and were always ready to help others when she was growing up.
4. Why did the author go to Jalan Besar?
A. To visit some old friends.
B. To buy a new standing fan.
C. To apply for a highly - paid job.
D. To find a way to fix the broken fan.
5. What does the underlined word “predicament” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Potential risk. B. Basic principle.
C. Contact information. D. Difficult situation.
6. Which of the following can best describe the old man?
A. Kind and brave. B. Honest and helpful.
C. Hard - working and curious. D. Easy - going and humorous.
7. How did the author’s wife react to his experience?
A. She thought little of it.
B. She was greatly surprised.
C. She remembered the good old days.
D. She thought it was too good to be true.
【答案】4. D 5. D 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是篇记叙文。作者为了给女儿损坏的落地扇配个新的扇叶，来到Jalan Besar逛了近一个小时也一无所获，正当放弃时，一家老式零件店里的一名六十多岁的男人把从其它旧风扇上拆下来的一个扇叶送给了他，分文未取，令他和家人很受触动。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Last Monday, I visited Jalan Besar to find a new fan blade (扇叶) for a standing fan that my daughters had broken.”（上周一，我去了Jalan Besar为我女儿的一个损坏的落地式风扇找个新的扇叶）可知，作者去Jalan Besar是为了帮助女儿找配件来修理损坏的风扇。故选D。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段“ However, after walking around for almost an hour, I found out that these shops were no longer around.”（然而，在逛了将近一个小时后，我发现这些商店已经不在了。）可知，作者找不到能够买到扇叶的商店，所以处境比较困难；“ I explained my predicament.”是指作者解释了自己目前的困境。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“He came back with a blade but it did not look the same as what I had in my hand. We compared the two blades and he said that it might work.”（他拿着一个扇叶回来了，但它看起来和我手里的不一样。我们比较了两种扇叶，他说可能有用。）可知，这个男人为作者找到了能用的扇叶，帮助了他；根据第七段“He said: “It didn’t cost me anything, so why should I charge you for it? ””（他说:“它又没花我一分钱，我为什么要收你钱呢?”）可知，这个男人没有收作者的钱，是很诚实的。故选B。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“said this reminded her of the kind aunties and uncles who used to run small shops and were always ready to help others when she was growing up.”（她说这让她想起了在她成长的过程中，那些经营小商店的善良的阿姨叔叔们，他们总是乐于帮助别人。）可知，作者的妻子听到他的这段经历，记起了过去那些美好的日子。故选C。
C
Nowadays nearly everyone has suffered from a bad attack of forgetfulness when a password is needed. The company computer. The home computer. Banking and ATM machines. Websites. Car and home security systems. The list goes on. It does not take long to accumulate a dozen or more passwords.
Scribbling them down on slips of paper or simply using the same password for anything and everything is how most people cope with the overload. The negative aspect of this is that either way makes it easier for hackers(黑客) to invade computer privacy.
Researchers are now trying to do something about this by moving forward what may be an answer to the password puzzle——pictures.
Many companies are looking into various ways that images can be used to replace the standard, easily-forgotten string of letters and numbers. Pictures are much easier to remember. Researchers are also working on picture passwords that will make it more difficult for the average hacker.
Take, for instance, the screens available through a New York company, Pass logix. One picture shows a standard bar scene. The password is created by making up a drink from the various items pictured. The order in which the items are selected becomes the password. Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, who have studied the habit of computer users say laziness plays a major role in most people’s choice of passwords.
Nonetheless, forgetting passwords is a common problem of the computer era. It’s more of a problem than hacking, in fact, particularly for major corporations that must maintain help desks for their computer-using employees——often round the clock. How much does it cost a company each time an employee forgets a password?
No one knows, but people who are pushing the picture passwords believe they will save companies a lot of money because recalling images is so much easier.
8. The first two paragraphs center on ________.
A. why people are so forgetful in the computer era
B. what happens when so many passwords are needed
C. why hackers can so easily invade computer privacy
D. what people usually do when they choose their passwords
9. Using the same password for anything and everything may lead to ________.
A. the users’ laziness B. people’s forgetfulness
C. the theft of personal information D. the loss of a large sum of money
10. When used as password, pictures have one big advantage over letters and numbers: ________.
A. they are more deeply stored in our memory
B. they are easy to be combined and ordered
C. they are closely linked with our daily life
D. they are colorful and can arouse our imagination
11. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?
A. Passwords a Product of the Computer Era
B. Forgetfulness, a Big Headache for People
C. Hackers, the Invader of Computer Privacy
D. Pictures, a Solution to the Password Puzzle
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究人员正研究用图像来取代标准的、容易被遗忘的字母和数字串来作为密码，也具体阐明了其原因和其所带来的益处。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章前两段“Nowadays nearly everyone has suffered from a bad attack of forgetfulness when a password is needed. The company computer. The home computer. Banking and ATM machines. Websites. Car and home security systems. The list goes on. It does not take long to accumulate a dozen or more passwords.Scribbling them down on slips of paper or simply using the same password for anything and everything is how most people cope with the overload. The negative aspect of this is that either way makes it easier for hackers(黑客) to invade computer privacy.(如今，当需要密码时，几乎每个人都患有严重的健忘症。公司的电脑。家用电脑。银行和自动取款机。网站。汽车和家庭安全系统。这样的例子不胜枚举。积攒一打或更多的密码并不需要多长时间。把它们写在纸条上，或者简单地用同一个密码来处理任何事情，这就是大多数人如何处理超负荷工作的方法。这种做法的消极方面是，无论哪种方式都会使黑客更容易侵犯计算机隐私)”可知文章前两段讲述了大多数人在需要密码的时候，几乎都不记得了，当积累很多密码的时候，人们通常会把它们写在纸条上，或者简单地用同一个密码，这种做法会带来很大的弊端。故文章前两段主要讨论了人们需要记很多密码时会发生什么。故选B项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The negative aspect of this is that either way makes it easier for hackers(黑客) to invade computer privacy.(这种做法的消极方面是，无论哪种方式都会使黑客更容易侵犯计算机隐私)”可知使用相同的密码会更容易导致黑客侵犯计算机隐私，隐私被侵犯了之后，推知可能会盗取个人信息；故选C项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Pictures are much easier to remember. Researchers are also working on picture passwords that will make it more difficult for the average hacker.(图片更容易记住。研究人员还在研究图片密码，这将使一般的黑客入侵更加困难)”可知当用作密码时，图片比字母和数字有一个很大的优势就是它更容易被记住，即它们在我们的记忆中更为深刻；故选A项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了研究人员正研究用图像来取代标准的、容易被遗忘的字母和数字串来作为密码，也具体阐明了原因，即图片更容易被记住，同时阐述了使用图片作为密码所能带来的益处，故本文就是在描述密码难题的解决方案。结合第三段“Researchers are now trying to do something about this by moving forward what may be an answer to the password puzzle——pictures.(研究人员现在正试图通过推进密码谜题的答案——图片来解决这个问题)”可知，选项D“Pictures, a Solution to the Password Puzzle(图片，密码难题的解决方案)”适合作为本文标题；故选D项。
D
Most of you will have noticed hosting a dinner party is harder than before. One friend needs dairy-free food, one can’t eat onion and two are vegetarian. Are food intolerances increasing? Or do we just hear more about them now?
Food intolerances are reactions to eating foods, in normal quantities, which do not involve the immune system. They are very different from food allergies (过敏) which happen when the body mounts an immune response to a food that is either eaten or even touches the skin. This immune response is very quick (within 20 minutes to two hours) and releases chemicals that can affect the person’s breathing and heart. The reasons behind food intolerances can vary greatly. A common one is people lack enzymes (酶) needed for breaking down nutrients.
While it may seem as if food intolerances are increasing, we lack the data and actual numbers, perhaps because food intolerances generally do not lead to taking medications or seeking urgent (紧急的) medical treatment. A 2009 report suggests about 20% of the population has one or more food intolerances, with no change since 1994. A more recent survey from 2020 of self-reported intolerances in internet users indicated about 25% of the population.
The increase may result from many factors. Some people may self-diagnose (自我诊断) a food intolerance from well-intended but misleading health advice from family and friends. Additionally, people may incorrectly owe medical symptoms (症状) to foods they have eaten. We also have an increased ability to self-diagnose, thanks to Dr Google. Today, when attending social events with food, we can provide our dietary requirements. This also contributes to normalising food intolerances, compared to even a decade ago. Previously people would have suffered in silence or simply avoided consuming their problematic foods at events. Another factor could be more and more people of different nations living in one area, some of whom are genetically more likely to have a food intolerance.
If you suspect you have a food intolerance, you’d better see a doctor to ensure you are not ignoring a potentially concerning medical problem. Also, this can make sure you are not needlessly missing out on essential nutrients required for good health.
12. What is the main message of paragraph 2?
A. Most people suffer from food allergies.
B. People should take food allergies lightly.
C. Food intolerances may develop into food allergies.
D. Food intolerances are different from food allergies.
13. What is a finding of the 2009 report?
A. Internet users are more likely to have food intolerances.
B. 20% of the population self - diagnoses a food intolerance.
C. The number of people having food intolerances remained the same between 1994 and 2009.
D. The number of people having food intolerances might increase by 5% in the next ten years.
14. What might be a reason behind the increase of food intolerance cases? .
A. People’s wide use of the internet.
B. People attending social events more often.
C. People suffering from various gene problems.
D. People’s failure to recognise problematic foods.
15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph?
A. To correct a mistake. B. To give a suggestion.
C. To make a prediction. D. To make a promise.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述现在越来越多的人食物不耐症，并分析了原因。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Food intolerances are reactions to eating foods, in normal quantities, which do not involve the immune system. They are very different from food allergies (过敏) which happen when the body mounts an immune response to a food that is either eaten or even touches the skin.(食物不耐症是对食物的不良反应，通常情况下，这与免疫系统无关。他们不同于食物过敏。食物过敏是当吃掉或者皮肤接触到某种食物时身体对食物产生的免疫反应)”以及接下来的描述可知，第二段主要讲述食物不耐症与食物过敏的不同。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“A 2009 report suggests about 20% of the population has one or more food intolerances, with no change since 1994.(2009年的一份报告表示大约20%的人们有一种或者多种食物不耐症，这个数字从1994年以来都没有变化)”可知，从1994年到2009年有食物不耐症的人的数量保持不变。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“We also have an increased ability to self-diagnose, thanks to Dr Google.(因为谷歌博士，我们自我诊断的能力增加了)”可知，网络让我们了解了更多这方面的知识，从而判断自己是不是有食物不耐症；所以选项A. People’s wide use of the internet.(人们广泛使用网络)正确；根据“Today, when attending social events with food, we can provide our dietary requirements. This also contributes to normalising food intolerances, compared to even a decade ago. Previously people would have suffered in silence or simply avoided consuming their problematic foods at events. (如今，当我们参加社交聚会的时候，我们会提供我们的饮食要求。与十年前比，这有助于使食物不耐症常态化。以前人们参加集会时默默忍受或者直接避开食用对他们有问题的食物)”可知，以前人们参加聚会时会默默忍受或者直接避开食用对他们有问题的食物，不是现在的人参加聚会多了，也不是人们辨别不出来有问题的食物，所以选项B. People attending social events more often.(人们更频繁地参加社交活动)以及选项D. People’s failure to recognise problematic foods.(人们不能辨认出有问题的食物)都不正确；根据“Another factor could be more and more people of different nations living in one area, some of whom are genetically more likely to have a food intolerance.(另外一个原因是越来越多的不同国家的人生活在同一个地区，他们中的一些人在基因上更有可能患有食物耐受不佳)”可知，不同国家的人生活在一起就出现了一些基因上患有食物耐受不佳的人，所以选项C. People suffering from various gene problems.(人们遭受各种各样的基因问题)不正确。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“If you suspect you have a food intolerance, you’d better see a doctor to ensure you are not ignoring a potentially concerning medical problem. Also, this can make sure you are not needlessly missing out on essential nutrients required for good health.(如果你怀疑自己有食物不耐症，你最好去咨询下医生以确保你没有忽视一个潜在的医疗问题。同样，这也可以确保你不会毫无必要地错过身体健康所必需的营养素)”可知，这是作者给出的建议。故选B。
第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为 多余选项。
As much as 80 percent of premature heart disease is preventable by making specific lifestyle choices. Some strategies, such as exercising and managing weight, are well known. ____16____ “A small change in your everyday routine can potentially have a big impact in the long run,”says preventive cardiologist Dr. Beth Abramson, a spokesperson for the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada.
____17____ “When you’re not rested, everything that happens in your life is a lot more stressful,” says Dr. Arya Sharma, founder of the Canadian Obesity Network and a professor of medicine at the University of Alberta. If we’re lacking sleep, our bodies also have more difficulty controlling blood pressure, inflammation (炎症) and glucose (葡萄糖) levels. These factors can all have an effect on cardiovascular (心血管的) health.
Engage in volunteer work. Doing good for others helps your self-esteem and relieves Stress. Research published in Psychosomatic Medicine in 2016 showed that a feeling of purpose in lite is linked to a lower likelihood of heart attack and stroke. “We know that loneliness is a risk factor for heart health,” adds Sharma.“Volunteering gets you out of the house and creates a social network.”____18____
Avoid polluted air. ____19____ Even short periods of exposure are unhealthy for people who already have other cardiovascular risks, such as high blood pressure. Try to get your outdoor exercise far away from highways and industrial districts, and spend more tine indoors when the air quality index is poor.
Eat breakfast. A recent study in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that healthy people who skipped breakfast were almost three times more likely to have heart disease six years later than those who participate in a substantial morning meal. One possible reason: “If you’re eating a proper breakfast, you’re less likely to be hungry later and make poor food choices,” says Abramson. “We need to eat a balanced diet as part of a healthy lifestyle.”____20____
A. Get eight hours of sleep.
B. Limit your time on social media.
C. But others may not have crossed your mind.
D. Choose whole-grain, low-fat breakfast foods and include fruit.
E. Exposure to this kind of pollution over time raises your risk of heart disease.
F. Depending on the type of work you do, volunteering might even increase your physical activity.
G. Volunteering offers vital help to people in need, worthwhile causes, and the community, but the benefits can be even greater for you, the volunteer.
【答案】16. C 17. A 18. F 19. E 20. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍四种人们意想不到促进心脏健康的方法。
16题详解】
根据前文“As much as 80 percent of premature heart disease is preventable by making specific lifestyle choices. Some strategies, such as exercising and managing weight, are well known. (多达80%的过早的心脏病是可以通过选择特定的生活方式来预防的。有些策略，如锻炼和控制体重，是众所周知的)”和后文““A small change in your everyday routine can potentially have a big impact in the 1ong run,” says preventive cardiologist (心脏病学家) Dr. Beth Abramson, a spokesperson for the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada.(加拿大心脏和中风基金会发言人、预防心脏病专家贝丝·艾布拉姆森博士说：“从长远来看，日常生活中的一个小改变可能会产生巨大的影响。”)”可知，一些健康的生活方式是众所周知的，但其它的或许你不会想到，前后句之间为转折关系。C项“But others may not have crossed your mind.(但你可能没想过其它的)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
【17题详解】
空处为本段主旨句。根据下文““When you’re not rested, everything that happens in your life is a lot more stressful, “says Dr. Arya Sharma, founder of the Canadian Obesity Network and a professor of medicine at the University of Alberta.(“当你没有休息的时候，你生活中发生的所有事情都会更有压力，”加拿大肥胖网络的创始人、阿尔伯塔大学的医学教授艾莉亚·夏尔马博士说)”可知，本段建议我们要有足够的睡眠。A项“Get eight hours of sleep(保证8小时睡眠)”可以作为主旨句。故选A。
【18题详解】
空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文““We know that loneliness is a risk factor for heart health,” adds Sharma.“Volunteering gets you out of the house and creates a social network.”(“我们知道孤独是心脏健康的一个风险因素，”沙玛补充说。“志愿活动让你走出家门，建立社交网络。”)”推知，空处继续陈述志愿者活动给实施者带来的好处。F项“Depending on the type of work you do, volunteering might even increase your physical activity.(根据你的工作类型，志愿服务甚至可能增加你的体力活动)”符合题意，even表明上下文的递进关系。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据下文“Even short periods of exposure are unhealthy for people who already have other cardiovascular risks, such as high blood pressure.(对于那些已经有其他心血管疾病风险的人来说，即使是很短时间的接触也不健康，比如高血压)”并结合本段主旨“Avoid polluted air.(避免被污染的空气)”推知，长久接触被污染的空气会导致心脏类疾病。E项“Exposure to this kind of pollution over time raises your risk of heart disease.(长期暴露在这种污染中会增加患心脏病的风险)”符合题意。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据前文“We need to eat a balanced diet as part of a healthy lifestyle. (作为健康生活方式的一部分，我们需要均衡饮食)”可知，这里对均衡饮食作了具体的说明。D项“Choose whole-grain, low-fat breakfast foods and include fruit. (选择全麦，低脂的早餐，包括水果)”符合题意。故选D。
第三部分语言知识运用(共三节，满分45分)
第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白 处的最佳选项。
On March 25, 2010, Kate and David Ogg heard the words every parent ____21____: Their newborn wasn’t going to make it. Their twins-a girl and a boy-were born two minutes ____22____, ____23____ just over two pounds each. Doctors had tried to save the boy for 20 minutes ____24____ saw no improvement. His heartbeat was nearly gone. The baby had just moments to live.
Though the couple wouldn’t give up ____25____ they knew this was likely goodbye. ____26____ to cherish (重视, 珍视) her last minutes with the tiny boy, Kate asked to ____27____ him. “I wanted to meet him, and for him to know us,” Kate told Today. “We were just trying to ____28____ those last, precious moments.”
Kate unwrapped the boy from his hospital blanket and ordered David to take his shirt off and join them in bed. The ____29____ parents wanted their son to be as _____30_____ as possible and hoped the skin-to-skin _____31_____ would improve his condition. They also talked to him. ‘‘We explained that he had a twin that he had to look after and how hard we had tried to have him. ”
Then something miraculous(不可思议的) _____32_____. Jamie gasped (喘气) again, and then he started _____33_____. Finally, he reached for his father’s _____34_____. The couple’s lost boy had _____35_____.
“We’re the _____36_____ people in the world,” David told Today. Eight years later, Jamie and his sister, Emily, are happy and _____37_____. The Oggs only recently told the kids the story of their _____38_____. “Emily _____39_____ tears,” Kate said. “She was really upset and she kept hugging Jamie. This whole _____40_____ makes you cherish them more.”
21. A. faints B. fears C. escapes D. battles
22. A. apart B. ahead C. along D. away
23. A. measuring B. looking C. weighing D. sounding
24. A. however B. because C. although D. but
25. A. mentally B. easily C. slightly D. definitely
26. A. In response B. In an effort C. In addition D. In full measure
27. A. recognize B. hold C. press D. remind
28. A. make the most of B. take pride in C. eat away at D. let go of
29. A. first-time B. first-class C. well-meaning D. well-rounded
30. A. energetic B. flexible C. calm D. warm
31. A. opportunity B. contact C. advance D. contribution
32. A. worked B. happened C. changed D. existed
33. A. judging B. exchanging C. seeking D. breathing
34. A. arm B. leg C. finger D. head
35. A. got it B. made it C. caught it D. forgotten it
36. A. luckiest B. warmest C. richest D. cleverest
37. A. anxious B. independent C. unique D. healthy
38. A. birth B. family C. tradition D. parents
39. A. get over B. end up C. burst into D. bang over
40. A. improvement B. challenge C. experience D. recognition
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B 36. A 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了凯特和大卫·奥格夫妇，刚出生的一个小男孩杰米被通知活不了多长时间，于是他们试图用最后的时间与男孩告别，脱下衣服温暖他，最后奇迹发生，小男孩好转了，活了下来。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2010年3月25日，凯特和大卫·奥格听到了每个父母都害怕的话：他们的新生儿活不下去了。A. faints眩晕；B. fears恐惧；C. escapes逃脱；D. battles战斗。根据下文“Their newborn wasn’t going to make it.”可知，新生的孩子活不下去，这时每个父母都害怕（fears）的事情。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们的双胞胎——一个女孩和一个男孩——出生相隔两分钟，每个人的体重只有两磅多一点。A. apart分开，相隔；B. ahead在前面；C. along 一道，一起；D. away离开。根据上文“Their twins-a girl and a boy-were born two minutes”可知，空处是指这对双胞胎出生相隔（apart）仅2分钟。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的双胞胎——一个女孩和一个男孩——出生相隔两分钟，每个人的体重只有两磅多一点。A. measuring测量；B. looking看；C. weighing称重，重达，重量是；D. sounding听起来。根据下文“just over two pounds each”可知，此处是指新生儿的重量是2磅。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查连词和副词词义辨析。句意：医生们花了20分钟的时间试图挽救这个男孩，但没有看到任何好转。A. however然而；B. because因此；C. although尽管；D. but但是。根据本句“Doctors had tried to save the boy for 20 minutes 　　4　　saw no improvement.”可知，前后句为转折关系，应用转折连词but。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然这对夫妇不会轻易放弃，但他们知道这很可能是再见。A. mentally精神上地；B. easily简单地，轻易地；C. slightly轻微地；D. definitely肯定地。根据上文“the couple wouldn’t give up”可知，作为父母的，肯定不会轻易（easily）放弃自己的孩子。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：为了珍惜和这个小男孩在一起的最后几分钟，凯特要求抱着他。A. In response作为回答；B. In an effort企图，为了；C. In addition另外；D. In full measure最大程度上。根据下文“to cherish (重视, 珍视) her last minutes with the tiny boy”可知，为了（In an effort）珍惜和小男孩的最后几分钟，凯特提出抱抱他的要求。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了珍惜和这个小男孩在一起的最后几分钟，凯特要求抱着他。A. recognize辨认出，承认；B. hold抱住；C. press压；D. remind提醒。根据下文“I wanted to meet him, and for him to know us”推知，凯特想抱抱（hold）孩子。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们只是想充分利用那些最后的、宝贵的时刻。A. make the most of充分利用；B. take pride in为……自豪；C. eat away at侵蚀；D. let go of释放。根据下文“those last, precious moments.”可知，做父母的想要珍惜和充分利用（make the most of）陪伴孩子的最后时刻。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第一次做父母的希望他们的儿子尽可能温暖，并希望这种皮肤接触可以改善他的状况。A. first-time第一次的；B. first-class优秀的，一流的；C. well-meaning善意的；D. well-rounded全面的。根据上文“Their newborn wasn’t going to make it.”可知，他们也是第一次（first-time）做父母。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第一次做父母的希望他们的儿子尽可能温暖，并希望这种皮肤接触可以改善他的状况。A. energetic精力充沛的；B. flexible灵活的；C. calm冷静的；D. warm温暖的。根据上文“David to take his shirt off and join them in bed.”可知，此处是指想要温暖（warm）他们的孩子。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一次做父母的希望他们的儿子尽可能温暖，并希望这种皮肤接触可以改善他的状况。A. opportunity机会；B. contact接触；C. advance前进；D. contribution贡献。根据上文“David to take his shirt off and join them in bed.”可知，此处是指，脱下衣服和孩子之间进行皮肤接触（contact），传递温度。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后奇迹发生了。A. worked工作；B. happened发生；C. changed变化；D. existed存在。根据下文“Jamie gasped (喘气) again”可知，杰米喘了一口气，好转了，所以是奇迹发生（happened）了。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：杰米又喘了一口气，然后开始呼吸。A. judging判断；B. exchanging交换；C. seeking寻找；D. breathing呼吸。根据上文“Jamie gasped (喘气) again”可知，杰米喘了一口气，开始呼吸（breathing）。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，他伸手去抓他父亲的手指。A. arm手臂；B. leg腿；C. finger手指；D. head头。根据上文“David to take his shirt off and join them in bed.”可知，此处是抓他父亲的手指（finger）。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这对夫妻失去的孩子又有所好转了。A. got it明白；B. made it（病痛等）好转；C. caught it抓住；D. forgotten it不必在意。根据上文“Finally, he reached for his father’s 14　　.”可知，杰米开始抓他父亲的手指，所以是有所好转（made it）了。且上文的“Their newborn wasn’t going to make it.”也是提示。故选B项。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们是世界上最幸运的人。A. luckiest最幸运的；B. warmest最温暖的；C. richest最富裕的；D. cleverest最聪明的。根据下文“Eight years later, Jamie and his sister, Emily, are happy and 　　17　　.”可知，现在孩子们都健康快乐，这对父母来说就是最幸运的（luckiest）事情。故选A项。
【37题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：八年后，杰米和他妹妹艾米丽幸福而健康。A. anxious焦虑的；B. independent独立的；C. unique独特的；D. healthy健康的。根据上文“Their newborn wasn’t going to make it.”可知，与上文生病，命悬一线呼应，此处应指的是健康（healthy）。故选D项。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：奥格夫妇最近才告诉孩子们他们出生的故事。A. birth出生；B. family家庭；C. tradition传统；D. parents父母。根据上文“Their newborn wasn’t going to make it.”可知，此处是指出生（birth）的故事。故选A项。
【39题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：艾米丽突然哭了起来。A. get over克服；B. end up结尾；C. burst into突然爆发；D. bang over爆炸。根据本句“Emily 　19　　 tears”可知，此处是指，艾米莉听了他们出生的故事后，感动得突然（burst into）大哭。故选C项。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这整个经历让你更加珍惜他们。A. improvement改善；B. challenge挑战；C. experience经历；D. recognition承认。根据上文“She was really upset and she kept hugging Jamie.”以及通读全文可知，此处是指通过这次出生的经历（experience），让大家更加懂得珍惜彼此。故选C项。
第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
While eating is functional, and our bodies need the fuel ____41____ food provides, dining with friends or loved ones can be a wonderful experience. However, some of us often find ourselves ____42____ (reserve) a table for one in a restaurant. But is dining alone really that bad? Maybe not.
We all have foods we like and dislike. Maybe it’s a spicy cheese or stinky fish. We sometimes hold back on things that may offend the ____43____ (nose) of others. When dining alone, we can consume whatever we like, with the added bonus that we might be able to eat more ____44____ (healthy). Often, if you want a salad and your significant other wants some less healthy cuisine, you end up ordering the same. And if you don’t get the same, you might end up watching someone eat a pizza while you ____45____ (leave) holding the corn. Have you ever spent too long debating with people which restaurant to eat in? If dining solo, you can make the choice depending on your desires. And why does it have to be a restaurant? You could eat in a park, garden or even your bed — the point is, the choice is ____46____ (your)!
Finally, for some, dining alone can be ____47____ necessity. For those of us who suffer ____48____ misophonia (恐音症), the noise of someone else masticating (咀嚼) can be unbearable. Eating alone can save you from the extreme ____49____ (anxious) that may arise listening to someone smack their lips. So, is eating alone bad? Well, it may not be for everyone _____50_____ there certainly are some benefits to it. Try it sometime — you might just like it!
【答案】41. that##which
42. reserving
43. noses 44. healthily
45. are left
46. yours 47. a
48. from 49. anxiety
50. but##yet
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。你喜不喜欢一个人吃饭？虽然有不少人认为独自吃饭有消极的一面，但这种饮食方式可能也有它积极的一面。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：虽然吃是有功能的，我们的身体需要食物提供的能量，但与朋友或所爱的人共进晚餐可能是一次美妙的经历。定语从句修饰先行词fuel，从句缺少宾语，指物，故用that或which引导。故填that/which。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，我们中的一些人经常发现自己在餐馆里为一个人预定了一张桌子。此处为find+宾语+宾补结构，ourselves与reserve构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。故填reserving。
【43题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：我们有时会隐瞒一些可能会惹恼别人的事情。nose为可数名词，根据后文of others可知应用复数形式。故填noses。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：当我们独自用餐时，我们可以吃任何我们想吃的东西，还有一个额外的好处，那就是我们可能会吃得更健康。修饰动词eat应用副词healthily，作状语。故填healthily。
【45题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：如果你得不到同样的食物，你可能会嫉妒食物，因为你看着别人享受披萨，而你拿着玉米。空处为从句谓语动词，主语you与谓语动词leave构成被动关系，结合上文as you watch someone enjoy a pizza可知应用一般现在时，主语为you，谓语用复数。故填are left。
【46题详解】
考查代词。句意：你可以在公园、花园甚至你的床上吃饭——关键是，选择权在你！作表语，表示“你的选择权”应用名词性物主代词yours，故填yours。
【47题详解】
考查冠词。句意：最后，对一些人来说，独自吃饭可能是一种必要。necessity表示“必要的事物”为可数名词，此处为泛指，且该词是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
【48题详解】
考查介词。句意：对于我们这些恐音症患者来说，别人咀嚼的声音是无法忍受的。短语suffer from表示“患有……疾病”。故填from。
【49题详解】
考查名词。句意：一个人吃饭可以让你避免因听别人咂嘴而产生的极度焦虑。作介词的宾语，应用名词anxiety，不可数。故填anxiety。
【50题详解】
考查连词。句意：好吧，它可能不适合每个人，但它肯定有一些好处。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用but或yet。故填but/yet。
第三节选词填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
用所给词或短语的适当形式完成句子。

51. She feels a strong sense of _________ towards her employees.
52. Demand for water _________ by 70% over the last three decades.
53. The police said they were _________ about the missing boy’s safety.
54. To his disappointment, he failed _________ his parents’ expectations.
55. These policy changes could have _________ effects on the whole economy.
56. The annual football match had to be put off _________ the unexpected heavy rain.
57. Rita’s husband is away for the week, so I thought I’d go over and keep her _________
58. True happiness _________ the joy of achievement rather than the possession of money.
59. Perhaps she knows she is in the wrong and wants to _________ , or maybe she has a simple explanation for her behavior.
60. Fortunately, my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me lots of encouragement, so my language skills improved _________ .
【答案】51. responsibility
52. has shot up
53. concerned
54. to live up to
55. beneficial
56. as a result of
57. company
58. lies in
59. apologize##apologise
60. over time
【解析】
【51题详解】
考查名词。句意：她对于她的员工有强烈的责任感。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填名词作介词of的宾语，结合句意可知，应填responsible“负责任的”的名词形式responsibility“责任”。故填responsibility。
【52题详解】
考查时态和短语。句意：在过去的三十年里水的需求量猛增了70%。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填谓语动词，结合句意可知，应用shoot up“猛增”；结合所给时间状语“over the last three decades”可知，应用现在完成时；且主语“Demand for water”为单数，应填has shot up。故填has shot up。
【53题详解】
考查形容词。句意：警察说他们很担心这个失踪小孩的安全。be concerned about “关心，担心”符合句意，所以应填concerned。故填concerned。
【54题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：让他失望的是，他辜负了父母的期望。fail to do sth.表示“未能做成某事”，live up to sth.表示“不辜负，遵守”，结合句意可知，空格处应填to live up to。故填to live up to。
【55题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这些政策对整个国家产生有利的影响。beneficial “有利的，有好处的”，have beneficial effects on sth.表示“产生有利的影响”符合句意，所以应填beneficial。故填beneficial。
【56题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：由于意外的大雨，一年一度的足球比赛不得不推迟。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填介词短语表示原因，as a result of“由于，因为”符合句意。故填as a result of。
【57题详解】
考查名词和固定搭配。句意：她老公这周不在家，所以我想过去陪她。keep sb. company表示“陪伴某人”符合句意，所以应填名词company。故填company。
【58题详解】
考查时态和短语。句意：真正的幸福在于成就的喜悦而不是拥有金钱。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填谓语动词，且结合句意可知，这是客观事实，所以应用一般现在时，且主语“True happiness”为第三人称单数，所以应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式，lie in表示“在于”符合句意。所以应填lies in。故填lies in。
【59题详解】
考查动词。句意：可能她知道她错了并想要道歉，或者也许她对自己的行为有个简单的解释。want to do sth.表示“想要做某事”；结合句意可知，apology表示“道歉”的动词形式为apologize/apologise符合句意，所以空格处应填apologize/apologise。故填apologize/apologise。
【60题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：幸运地是，我的老师和同学们总是乐于助人并给了我很多的鼓励，所以我的语言技巧久而久之有了很大的提高。over time表示“随着时间的流逝，久而久之”符合句意，所以应填over time。故填over time。
第四部分写作(满分20分)
61. 假如你是李华，11月9日是全国消防安全日，你校为增强师生的消防安全意识举办了一系列的活动，请你为你校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
(1)活动目的：
(2)活动内容；
(3)活动意义。
注意：1词数100左右：
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：疏散演练 evacuation drill
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】An Impressive National Fire Day
In order to raise the awareness of fire safety, our school carried out a series of activities on November 9, the National Fire Day.
In the morning, all the classmates sat quietly in the classroom, watching a 30-minute video about fire safety. Shocked, we saw so many deaths and injuries due to the lack of safety consciousness. Then an impressive drill came. About 9:40 when the alarm went off, we ran quickly from the classroom to the playground.
To everyone’s relief, we have mastered the basic fire safety knowledge through relevant education activities. We do hope our school can hold more meaningful activities like this in the future.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。假如你是李华，11月9日是全国消防安全日，你校为增强师生的消防安全意识举办了一系列的活动，请你根据要求为你校英文报写一篇报道。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
震惊的：shocked→ astonished
由于：due to→ owing to
希望：hope→ wish
掌握：master→ grasp
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Shocked, we saw so many deaths and injuries due to the lack of safety consciousness.
拓展句：We felt shocked because we saw so many deaths and injuries due to the lack of safety consciousness.
【点睛】[高分句型1] In the morning, all the classmates sat quietly in the classroom, watching a 30-minute video about fire safety.（运用了现在分词作状语）
[高分句型2] We do hope our school can hold more meaningful activities like this in the future.（运用了do强调谓语部分）