2022-2023学年上海民办南模中学高三上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年上海民办南模中学高三上学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版），共25页。试卷主要包含了 where， mre， with 5， have suggested， t rise 8， when 10， I 16， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2022-2023学年上海市南模中学高三上学期期中考试英语试卷
I. Listening comprehension
略
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Health warning as UK swelters
People across the UK have enjoyed the sunshine this week, but they have also advised to be careful as a heat wave hits much of the country.
A heat wave is defined as a period of hot weather ___1___ temperatures are higher than is expected for the time of year. They usually happen in summer.
However, climate change (long-term changes to weather patterns, mostly ___2___ (cause) by human activities such as burning fossil fuels, farming and cutting down forests) is increasing the chance of heat waves happening and making them more extreme. The current hot weather is even (much) ___3___ extreme in some European countries— temperatures in southern Spain have reached 46℃.
Heat waves can be a danger to people’s health, especially for vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children and people ___4___ certain health conditions. However, anyone ___5___ suffer from the effects of extreme heat, including dehydration (not having enough water) and heatstroke (a condition caused by the body overheating). A group of leading UK scientists ___6___ (suggest) that, just as storms are given names, we should name heat waves in order to raise awareness of the health risks.
The Met Office, the UK’s national weather service, has issued an amber warning. This means there is the possibility of travel delays, road and rail closures, power cuts and a potential risk to people’s health. Temperatures are expected ___7___ (rise) to 35℃, and there have been predictions that the record for the UK’s hottest day could be broken. Government officials have met to discuss ___8___ to introduce a heat wave emergency.
To cope with hot weather, the NHS (National Health Service) says people should try to keep out of the Sun between 11 am and 3 pm, ___9___ temperatures are at their highest and the sun is strongest. Make sure you wear a hat, apply sunscreen and drink plenty of water. ____10____ (close) curtains in the rooms in your home that face the sun will help to keep indoor spaces cooler. If you are swimming outdoors to cool down, make sure you’re with a trusted adult and follow local safety advice.
【答案】1. where
2 caused 3. more
4. with 5. can
6. have suggested
7. to rise 8. whether
9. when 10. Closing
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。是英国极端高温天气的预警，介绍了天气现状、危害和应对高温的一些措施。
【1题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：热浪是指一年中气温高于预期的高温天气。分析句意可知，此处需要填关系副词where引导定语从句，因为先行词a period of hot weather 在从句中作地点状语，即“在这种天气里，气温高于预期”。故填where。
【2题详解】
考查过去分词。然而，气候变化（气候模式的长期变化，主要由燃烧化石燃料、耕作和砍伐森林等人类活动引起）增加了热浪发生的机会，并使热浪更加极端。根据空后的by 可知，此处动词cause“导致”使用过去分词形式，作后置定语修饰climate change“气候变化”。故填caused。
【3题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：目前的炎热天气在一些欧洲国家甚至更加极端——西班牙南部的气温已经达到46℃。根据句意可知，此处表示的是有一些地方的天气更加极端，达到46度了，故使用比较级形式。故填more。
【4题详解】
考查介词。句意：热浪可能会对人们的健康造成危害，尤其是对老年人、儿童和有某些健康问题的人等弱势群体。分析句意可知，此处需要填写介词with构成介词短语作定语，表示“有某些健康问题的人”。故填with。
【5题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：然而，任何人都可能受到酷热的影响，包括脱水（没有足够的水）和中暑（身体过热导致的状况）。分析句意可知，本句谓语动词为suffer“遭受”，故此空位置应填助动词或情态动词。上文“Heat waves can be a danger to people’s health（热浪可能会对人们的健康造成危害）”也是使用情态动词can表示推测“可能”，故此处也应该使用can表示肯定的推测。故填can。
【6题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：一组英国著名科学家建议，正如风暴被命名一样，我们应该为热浪命名，以提高人们对健康风险的认识。分析句意可知，此处谓语动词suggest“建议”应该使用现在完成时，与后文“The Met Office, the UK’s national weather service, has issued an amber warning.（英国国家气象局Met Office发布了琥珀色警告。）”保持时态一致。故填have suggested。
【7题详解】
考查不定式。句意：预计气温将升至35℃，有预测称英国最热的一天的纪录可能会被打破。be expected to do 表示“预计”。故填to rise。
【8题详解】
考查连词。句意：政府官员已经开会讨论是否引入热浪紧急情况。分析句意可知，此处需要填写连词whether“是否”，引导whether加不定式的结构作宾语，表示讨论的内容。故填whether。
【9题详解】
考查非限定性定语从句。句意：为了应对炎热的天气，国家卫生局表示，人们应该在上午11点到下午3点之间尽量远离太阳，此时气温最高，阳光最强。分析句意可知，此处填关系副词when引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词between 11 am and 3 pm“上午11点到下午3点之间”，在在从句中作时间状语。故填when。
【10题详解】
考查动名词。句意：把家中面向阳光的房间里的窗帘关闭有助于保持室内空间凉爽。分析句意可知，此处动词close“关闭”使用动名词形式closing作主语，表示一般性的行为，故填Closing。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. needed B. directly C. constantly D. dangerous E. weightless F. repaired
G. affected H. permanent I. scans J. results K. decades
Bad News For Astronaut Skeletons
Astronauts whose bones are weakened by spaceflight may not recover even after returning to Earth according to a new study. This raises questions about how humans will cope on long space missions.
The ___11___ conditions in space mean that astronauts’ bodies are not ___12___ exercising in the same way as they are on Earth. Muscles get weaker but bones are also ___13___ because the body does not replace minerals that are ___14___.
Since 2015, doctors at the University of Calgary in Canada have been studying the problem by comparing ___15___ of astronaut tibias (shinbones) made before flight, ___16___ after return to Earth, and after six and 12 months of recovery time. Their ___17___ show that a year after returning to Earth, bones still have up to 2.1% lower mineral density (a measure of their strength) than before the flight.
Dr Leigh Gabel, who led the team, explained that the effects of a few months in space were equal to several ___18___ of ageing on Earth. Damage to the bone itself that occurs in space can’t be ___19___, says Gabel, so “the astronaut’s overall bone structure permanently changes”.
The study found that the longer the space mission, the greater and more ___20___ the bone loss. This supports a 2020 study that predicted that during a three-year mission to Mars, one in three astronauts would be at risk of osteoporosis (fragile bones). Gabel says space agencies will need to improve the exercise and nutrition they offer astronauts if they are to go on such long trips.
【答案】11. E 12. C
13. G 14. A
15. I 16. B
17. J 18. K
19. F 20. H
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究发现宇航员的骨骼因太空飞行而受损。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：太空中的失重状态意味着宇航员的身体并没有像在地球上一样不断地锻炼。空处修饰名词condition，应用形容词形式作定语，weightless“失重的”为形容词，符合句意。故选E项。
【12题详解】
考查副词。句意：太空中的失重状态意味着宇航员的身体并没有像在地球上一样不断地锻炼。空处修饰动词exercising，应用副词形式作状语，constantly“不断地”为副词，符合句意。故选C项。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：肌肉变得更弱，但骨骼也会受到影响，因为身体无法代谢所需的矿物质。结合语意，身体无法代谢矿物质，所以骨骼也会受到影响，affected“影响”为动词的过去分词形式，与空前的are构成一般现在时的被动语态，表示“被影响，受影响”，符合句意。故选G项。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：肌肉变得更弱，但骨骼也会受到影响，因为身体无法代谢所需的矿物质。结合语意，矿物质是被人体需要的，needed“需要”为动词的过去分词形式，与空前的are构成一般现在时的被动语态，表示“被需要”，符合句意。故选A项。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：自2015年以来，加拿大卡尔加里大学的医生一直在通过比较宇航员在飞行前、一返回地球以及在6个月和12个月的恢复期后所做的胫骨扫描来研究这一问题。空处用于动词comparing之后，应用名词形式作宾语，scans“扫描检查”为名词，符合句意。故选I项。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：自2015年以来，加拿大卡尔加里大学的医生一直在通过比较宇航员在飞行前、一返回地球以及在6个月和12个月的恢复期后所做的胫骨扫描来研究这一问题。空处修饰介词短语after turn to Earth，应用副词形式作状语，directly“立即，立刻”为副词，符合句意。故选B项。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们的结果表明，返回地球一年后，骨骼的矿物质密度（衡量其强度的指标）仍比飞行前低2.1%。空处用于形容词性物主代词their之后，应用名词形式作句子主语，results“结果”为名词，符合句意。故选J项。
18题详解】
考查名词。句意：领导该团队的Leigh Gabel博士解释说，太空中几个月的影响相当于地球几十年的老化。结合语意，太空中几个月的影响相当于地球几十年的老化，decades“十年”为名词，作介词to的宾语，符合句意。故选K项。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：Gabel说，太空中发生的骨骼损伤自己是无法修复的，因此“宇航员的整体骨骼结构会发生永久性变化”。空处用于can’t be之后，应用动词的过去分词形式，构成含有情态动词的被动语态，repaired“修复”为动词的过去分词形式，符合句意。故选F项。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：研究发现，太空任务越长，骨质流失越严重，也越永久。空处与greater并列，且空前已经出现more，所以空处应用形容词的原级形式，permanent“永久的”为形容词的原级形式，符合句意。故选H项。
III. Reading Comprehensions
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Intentions matter
When my daughter was very young, she broke my favorite cup. She was moving it aside, and it slipped from her hand and broke on the floor. I loved that cup and was really disappointed, but ___21___ I didn’t punish her. It was an accident. She didn’t ___22___ to drop it. Intentions matter. Or do they?
I can’t help but feel that our modern world does not ___23___ intentions. We are all so ready to find fault with another person and so concerned with our own responses that we don’t consider the ___24___ of others.
There are ___25___ opportunities to be upset these days in the celebrity news cycle, in politics and in our own interpersonal interactions. Every single day, someone is torn apart on social media for something they have said or done.
A friend of mine says, “It’s not how the message is intended; it’s how it’s received.” He means that we need to be ___26___ when choosing our words because they can easily be ___27___ by the person we are addressing.
We all at times express ourselves poorly, make errors of judgment or have a moment of ___28___ where we say the wrong thing. All of us have offended someone at some point in our lives.
The internet is full of people seeking to make things worse. ___29___ there are also many decent people who ___30___ get things wrong or simply do not know better.
I get that there is much to be angry about. The world is full of injustice. The actions and words of other people can cause harm; ___31___, the actions and words of other people matter.
But intention has to matter too, for us to make sense of the world, and for us to effect change. ___32___ intentions can help us to feel better about our fellow humans. When we appreciate intent, it can help to lessen the impact of their message.
On a more practical level, understanding intention can help us respond to people with ___33___ instead of anger. People who wish to do the right thing are often willing to listen. When we scream at people in anger, we ___34___ communication and make them less open to change. Remember, humans are ___35___ as divided as social media suggests.
Did the person throw the cup, or did it slip from their hands? Now, more than ever, I think the answer matters.
21. A. of course B. after all C. above all D. for example
22. A. choose B. happen C. mean D. expect
23. A. learn from B. object to C. come across D. care for
24. A. business B. intentions C. emotions D. relationships
25. A. endless B. unique C. golden D. ideal
26. A. hopeful B. careful C. cheerful D. helpful
27. A. misinterpreted B. reported C. explained D. commented
28. A. weakness B. madness C. carelessness D. hopelessness
29. A. So B. But C. Or D. And
30. A. purposefully B. generally C. hardly D. occasionally
31 A. however B. besides C. therefore D. although
32. A. Expressing B. Understanding C. Indicating D. Returning
33. A. sadness B. kindness C. happiness D. illness
34. A. make use of B. look forward to C. talk about D. shut down
35. A. rarely B. specially C. suddenly D. simply
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者的女儿不小心打碎作者心爱的杯子，但是作者并没有因此惩罚她。作者也从中领悟到做某件事的意图很重要，对于任何事情你只要怀着欣赏、赞美的心态，事情就没有那么槽糕。
【21题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我很喜欢那个杯子，也很失望，但当然我没有您罚她。A. of course当然；B. after all毕竟；C. above all首先；尤其是；D. for example例如。根据上文“I loved that cup and was really disappointed(我很喜欢那个杯子，也很失望)”but表示转折，可知作者当然并没有责怪女儿。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不是故意让杯子掉落的。A. choose选择；B. happen发生；C. mean打算，意欲；D. expect期待。根据上文“She was moving it aside, and it slipped from her hand and broke on the floor(她把它移到一边，它从她手中滑落，摔在了地板上)”可知，女儿并不是故意的。mean to do故意做某事。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我不禁感到，我们的现代世界并不关心人们的意图。A. learn from向……学习；B. object to反对；C. come across偶遇；D. care for关心，照顾。根据后文“We are all so ready to find fault with another person and so concerned with our own responses(我们都太容易找别人的错，太在意自己的反应)”可知，人们太在意自己，所以并不关心其他人的意图。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都太容易找别人的错，太在意自己的反应，而不考虑别人的意图。A. business商业；B. intentions意向，意图；C. emotions情绪；D. relationships关系。根据上文“I can’t help but feel that our modern world does not ___3___ intentions(我不禁感到，我们的现代世界并不关心人们的意图)”可知，我们都太容易找别人的错而不考虑别人的意图。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今，在名人新闻圈、政治圈和我们自己的人际交往中，有无数的机会让人心烦意乱。A. endless无止境的，无穷尽的；B. unique独一无二的；C. golden金制的；金色的；D. ideal理想的。根据后句“Every single day, someone is torn apart on social media for something they have said or done(每一天，都有人在社交媒体上因为他们说过的话或做过的事而被撕成碎片)”可知，如今，有无数的机会让人心烦意乱。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的意思是我们在用词时要小心，因为我们的话很容易被和我们说话的人误解。A. hopeful有希望的；B. careful小心的；C. cheerful欢快的，高兴的；D. helpful有帮助的。根据后文“We all at times express ourselves poorly, make errors of judgment(我们都有表达不善、判断错误的时候)”和“All of us have offended someone at some point in our lives.(我们所有人都曾在生活中的某个时刻冒犯过某人)”可知，我们在选择用词时要小心。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的意思是我们在用词时要小心，因为我们的话很容易被和我们说话的人误解。A. misinterpreted曲解，误解；B. reported报道；C. explained解释；D. commented评论。根据上文“He means that we need to be ___6___ when choosing our words (他的意思是我们在选择用词时要小心)”可知，我们在选择用词时要小心的原因是因为我们的话很容易被和我们说话的人误解。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都有表达不善、判断错误或一时大意说错话的时候。A. weakness虚弱，软弱；B. madness疯狂；C. carelessness粗心大意；D. hopelessness绝望，无望。根据本句“where we say the wrong thing(说错话的时候)”可知，是我们一时大意说错话。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：但也有许多正派的人偶尔会犯错误，或者根本不了解情况。A. So因此；B. But但是；C. Or或者；D. And并且。根据上句“The internet is full of people seeking to make things worse. (互联网上到处都是想让事情变得更糟的人)”以及后文“there are also many decent people who ___10___ get things wrong or simply do not know better(也有许多正派的人……会犯错误，或者只是不知道更好的事情)”可知，互联网上到处都是想让事情变得更糟的人。但是，也有许多正派的人会犯错误。上下句之间是转折关系。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但也有许多正派的人偶尔会犯错误，或者根本不了解情况。A. purposefully有目的地；B. generally笼统地，大概；C. hardly几乎不，几乎没有；D. occasionally偶然，偶尔。根据本句“many decent people (许多正派的人)”以及“get things wrong (会犯错误)”可知，有许多正派的人偶尔会犯错误。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他人的行为和言语会造成伤害；因此，其他人的行为和言语很重要。A. however然而；B. besides除……之外；C. therefore因此；D. although尽管。根据上句“The actions and words of other people can cause harm(他人的行为和言语会造成伤害)”以及后句“the actions and words of other people matter(别人的行为和言语很重要)”可知，因为他人的行为和言语会造成伤害，所以其他人的行为和言语很重要。上下句之间是因果关系。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：理解人们的意图可以帮助我们更好地对待我们的人类同胞。A. Expressing表达；B. Understanding理解；C. Indicating表明，要求；D. Returning归还。根据后文“When we appreciate intent, it can help to lessen the impact of their message. (当我们理解意图时，这有助于减轻他们所传达信息的影响)”可知，此处指理解人们的意图的好处，呼应下文“understanding intention can help us”。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在更实际的层面上，理解意图可以帮助我们以善意而不是愤怒回应他人。A. sadness悲伤；B. kindness善意；C. happiness快乐；D. illness疾病。根据上文“ ___12___ intentions can help us to feel better about our fellow humans(理解人们的意图可以帮助我们更好地对待我们的人类同胞)”可知，理解意图可以帮助我们以善意而不是愤怒回应他人。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我们愤怒地对别人大喊大叫时，我们就切断了交流，让他们更不愿意改变。A. make use of利用；B. look forward to期盼；C. talk about谈论；D. shut down停工，关闭。根据上文“When we scream at people in anger (当我们愤怒地对别人大喊大叫时)”可知，当我们愤怒地对别人大喊大叫时，我们就会让交流停止。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：记住，人类很少像社交媒体显示的那样分裂。A. rarely罕见；B. specially专门地，特意；C. suddenly突然地；D. simply仅仅，只。根据上文“People who wish to do the right thing are often willing to listen(希望做正确事情的人往往愿意倾听)”可知，人们还是愿意交流的，可得出人类很少像社交媒体显示的那样分裂。故选A。
Section B
Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
We say that technology is a double-edged sword -while it brings convenience, it also brings new problems. The sword of “social media” even has a gender preference in its damage: It cuts deeper into girls than boys.

Earlier studies have shown that spending too much time on social media is bad for teenagers’ mental health. Constantly watching their friends show off “perfect” lives can hurt their own self-esteem (自尊). That’s not to mention the problems caused by online shaming and bullying (霸凌).
Jean Twenge, a professor at San Diego State University in the US, recently discovered an alarming trend: Since 2010, the number of teenage girls who suffer from major depression – showing signs like self-harm and suicide (自杀) - has increased much faster than that of boys. In an article she wrote at The Conversation, Twenge said social media, again, was to blame.
For starters, girls use social media more than boys. Boys tend to spend their screen time on games, where they talk to their teammates through headphones. This counts as real human contact. Girls, however, simply type and browse through posts, which is a much more isolated (孤立的) experience. “They’re not having a real-time conversation with someone,” Mary Fristad, psychologist at The Ohio State University, told NPR.
And when it comes to online shaming, girls are also more vulnerable than boys. “Girls face more pressure about their appearance, which could be exacerbated (加重) by social media,” wrote Twenge.
Shannon McLaughlin, for example, is an 18-year-old from Blackburn College in the US. She shared with the Guardian how social media made her feel depressed. “I was constantly confronted (面对) by women with skinny bodies who were praised for the way they looked. This was only made worse by the diet fixes and skinny culture,” she said. But McLaughlin found a solution. She started volunteering with the National Citizen Service, where she made face-to-face contact with people. “It’s so easy to forget the importance of real connections when we have hundreds of people that we’re trying to impress at our fingertips,” she told the Guardian. And she hopes that others “look up from their phones and focus more on the world around them”.
36. What did Twenge find in her recent study?
A. Overuse of social media harms teenagers’ mental health.
B. Social media does more harm to girls than boys.
C. Girls suffered more from bullying than boys.
D. Online shaming and bullying are to blame for teenagers’ depression.
37. Why do girls tend to feel more isolated than boys online, according to Mary Fristad?
A. Girls have less real-time interaction with people.
B. Playing games allows boys to have more fun than girls.
C. Girls suffer more pressure on social media.
D. Girls usually desire more contact with others.
38. The underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to“ ”.
A. adjusting oneself well B. fighting back bravely
C. being unconcerned about something D. being likely to be at risk of something
39. What does McLaughlin advise teenage girls to do?
A. Ignore social media and stop following a diet.
B. Connect more with the real world.
C. Constantly take part in volunteer work.
D. Make better use of phones for socializing.
【答案】36. A 37. A 38. D 39. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在社交媒体方面，女孩子相对于男孩子而言面临更大的压力。研究人员发现自2010年以来，患有严重抑郁症的少女数量的增长速度远远快于男孩。文章分析了这一情况产生的原因以及呼吁青少年们更多地和真实的世界来接触。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中Jean Twenge, a professor at San Diego State University in the US, recently discovered an alarming trend: Since 2010, the number of teenage girls who suffer from major depression – showing signs like self-harm and suicide - has increased much faster than that of boys. In an article she wrote at The Conversation, Twenge said social media, again, was to blame.美国圣地亚哥州立大学教授Jean Twenge最近发现了一个令人担忧的趋势：自2010年以来，患有严重抑郁症（表现出自残和自杀等症状）的少女数量的增长速度远远快于男孩，在她写的一篇文章中，Twenge说社交媒体也是罪魁祸首。可知由此可知，Twenge在她最近的研究中发现过度使用社交媒体会损害青少年的心理健康。故选A。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中Girls, however, simply type and browse through posts, which is a much more isolated experience. “They’re not having a real-time conversation with someone,” Mary Fristad, psychologist at The Ohio State University, told NPR.可知然而，女孩们只是简单地输入和浏览帖子，这是一种更加孤立的体验。俄亥俄州立大学的心理学家Mary Fristad在接受美国国家公共电台采访时表示：“他们并没有和某人进行实时对话。”由此可知，在网上，女孩比男孩更容易感到孤立是因为女孩与人的实时互动较少。故选A。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。根据下文Girls face more pressure about their appearance, which could be exacerbated by social media可知女孩们在外貌方面面临更多压力，社交媒体可能会加剧这种压力。故可推知在网络羞辱方面，女孩也比男孩更容易受到伤害。故划线单词意思为“有可能面临某事的危险”。故选D。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It’s so easy to forget the importance of real connections when we have hundreds of people that we’re trying to impress at our fingertips,” she told the Guardian. And she hopes that others “look up from their phones and focus more on the world around them”.可知她在接受《卫报》采访时表示：“当我们试图用指尖去打动数百人的时候，很容易忘记现实联系的重要性。”她希望其他人“放下手机，更多关注身边的世界”。由此可知，McLaughlin建议主张女孩子们需要多走进真实的世界，面对面的和人打交道。故选B。
【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为
定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to, be called或that's to say, such as等。
② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly, the same as, but, however, while, on the other hand, since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。
③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。
④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。
⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。
如第三小题，根据下文Girls face more pressure about their appearance, which could be exacerbated by social media可知女孩们在外貌方面面临更多压力，社交媒体可能会加剧这种压力。故可推知在网络羞辱方面，女孩也比男孩更容易受到伤害。故划线单词意思为“有可能面临某事的危险”。故选D。
(B)
There are some typical of trains you’ll find yourself traveling on in France. SNCF (法国国家铁路公司) operates a mix of high-speed services on major routes and slower regional services between smaller stations around France. Find out more about each train type below.
TGV
High-speed: up to 320 km/h
Connects Paris with major cities in France
Double-decker trains
One of the most popular modes of transport for long-distance travel in France. These modern trains run on around 50 high-speed routes and always require a reservation in advance.
Inter-cites
Stops at cities not part of the TGV network
Day and night services
Night trains between Paris and Toulouse, Rodez, Briancon and Latour-de-Carol
Inter-cites trains are mainly used for medium-distance journeys across France.
Although not as fast as TGV trains, they service a lot of stations across the country that aren’t on TGV routes. Reservations are usually required on most Inter-cites services.
TER
Regional trains (one for each region in France)
Low-cost
Stops at smaller stations around France
TER stands for Transport Express Regional and there are 20 different regional TER services operating across France. Popular with commuters (远距离通勤的人), you’ll likely board one of these trains for shorter distance travel to smaller cities and towns throughout France. You won’t need a reservation to board a TER train.
Sleeper trains
Overnight travel to several destinations in France
Comfortable and secure cabins
Opportunity to save on accommodation
Operated by Thello, the popular night train route in France starts in Paris and works its way down into Italy. If you want to save money on accommodation during your trip, taking a sleeper train lets you wake up feeling refreshed at your next destination.

40. What do TGV trains and Inter-cites trains have in common?
A. Both can travel at 320 km/h. B. Both are double-decker trains.
C. Both usually require a reservation. D. Both connect big cities in Europe.
41. What is special about TER service?
A. It features night services. B. It travels as fast as TGV trains.
C. It is suitable for long-distance travel in France. D. It offers regional services at relatively low costs.
42. Which best suits people who travel to Italy and want to save money?
A. TGV trains. B. Inter-cites trains.
C. TER trains. D. Sleeper trains.
【答案】40. C 41. D 42. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了法国国家铁路公司旗下的一些列车类型的相关信息。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“TGV”部分中的“These modern trains run on around 50 high-speed routes and always require a reservation in advance. (这些现代化的列车在大约50条高速线路上运行，总是需要提前预订。)”以及“Inter-cites”部分中的“Reservations are usually required on most Inter-cites services. (大多数城际列车服务通常需要预订)”可推知，TGV高铁和城际列车的共同点是两者通常都需要预订。故选C。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章“TER”部分中的“Low-cost (低成本)”以及“TER stands for Transport Express Regional and there are 20 different regional TER services operating across France. (TER是区域运输快件的缩写，在法国有20种不同的区域运输快件服务。)”可知，TER服务的特别之处在于它以相对较低的成本提供区域服务。故选D。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Sleeper trains”部分中的“Operated by Thello, the popular night train route in France starts in Paris and works its way down into Italy. If you want to save money on accommodation during your trip, taking a sleeper train lets you wake up feeling refreshed at your next destination. (由泰洛运营，这条在法国颇受欢迎的夜间列车线路从巴黎出发，进入意大利。如果你想在旅途中节省住宿，那就坐一辆sleeper train，让你在下一个目的地醒来时感觉精神焕发。)”可推知，Sleeper trains适合想去意大利，又想要省钱的人。故选D。
(C)
Searching Venus’ sky
From the moon to Mars, scientists have been hunting for alien life in the solar system for decades.
However, Venus was not regarded as an ideal place because of its hot temperature and dry atmosphere.
But a recent discovery of traces of a gas in the clouds of Venus has excited astronomers, as it may serve as a potential sign of life.
On Sept 14, the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada announced that scientists have detected phosphine(磷化氢) in the clouds of Venus. Phosphine is a colorless, toxic(有毒的)gas that has an odor of garlic. Though toxic, it is viewed as a possible sign of life because on Earth the gas is made by microorganisms that live in oxygen-free environments.
“I was very surprised - stunned, in fact,” astronomer Jane Greaves of Cardiff University in Wales and lead author of the research, told MSN. “There is a chance that we have detected some kind of living organism in the clouds of Venus.”
This layer of clouds is about 48 kilometers above the Venus surface, with its temperature ranging from 30 to 200 degrees Fahrenheit (about -1 to 93℃). Scientists have speculated that if life exists on Venus, this cloud deck(云盖)is likely the only place where it would survive.
Scientists went through every possibility that could have led to the formation of phosphine gas in Venus’ clouds, including volcanoes, lightning strikes, small meteorites(陨石)falling into the atmosphere. But they ruled all of them out. It was concluded that there is no explanation for the existence of this gas in Venus’ clouds, other than the presence of life, USA Today reported.
Although the detection of phosphine is not robust(强有力的)evidence for life, this finding is great enough to change scientists’ view on Venus, which is thought to be a completely inhospitable planet.
What signs of life we looking for?
1. Liquid water: It can dissolve a huge range of molecules needed for life and facilitate their chemical reactions.
2. Mild temperatures: Temperatures higher than 122 C will destroy most complex organic molecules, and make it almost impossible for carbon-based life to form.
43. What is the text mainly about?
A. A newly detected gas may indicate possible existence of life on Venus.
B. Scientists found the most hospitable place on Venus.
C. The environment on Venue changed in favor of life.
D. Phosphine formed on Venus means alien life is present.
44. What can we learn about phosphine from the text?
A. It has no smell at all. B. It only exists on Venus.
C. It can be produced by microorganisms. D. It is a sign of the existence of oxygen.
45. What can we infer from paragraphs 5 and 6?
A. Various living organisms have been detected on Venus.
B. The higher the cloud is above Venus, the warmer it is.
C. The cloud deck is rich in phosphine.
D. If life exists on Venus, it is likely in the cloud deck.
46. What did scientists conclude about the phosphine gas detected on Venus?
A. It could be formed as a result of the falling of meteorites.
B. It could be a sign that there is life in Venus’ clouds.
C. It could be caused by volcanoes and lighting strikes.
D. It proves that Venus is another hospitable planet.
【答案】43. A 44. C 45. D 46. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一种新探测到的气体可能表明金星上可能存在生命。
【43题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“From the moon to Mars, scientists have been hunting for alien life in the solar system for decades.（从月球到火星，几十年来，科学家们一直在太阳系中寻找外星生命。）”和文章第三段“But a recent discovery of traces of a gas in the clouds of Venus has excited astronomers, as it may serve as a potential sign of life（但是在金星的云层里最新的发现让天文学家十分激动，因为它可能表明了金星上生命的存在。）”以及文章第六段“Scientists have speculated that if life exists on Venus, this cloud deck(云盖)is likely the only place where it would survive.（科学家们猜测，如果金星上存在生命，那么云团可能是生命存在的唯一地方。）”可知，文章主要讲述了一种新探测到的气体可能表明金星上可能存在生命。故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Phosphine is a colorless, toxic(有毒的)gas that has an odor of garlic. Though toxic, it is viewed as a possible sign of life because on Earth the gas is made by microorganisms that live in oxygen-free environments.（磷化氢是一种无色的有毒气体，有大蒜的气味。虽然有毒，但它被视为可能存在生命的迹象，因为在地球上，这种气体是由生活在无氧环境中的微生物产生的。）”可知，它可以由微生物产生。故选C。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Scientists have speculated that if life exists on Venus, this cloud deck(云盖)is likely the only place where it would survive.（科学家们猜测，如果金星上存在生命，那么云团可能是生命存在的唯一地方。）”可推知，如果金星上有生命存在，那很可能是在云中。故选D。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第七段“Scientists went through every possibility that could have led to the formation of phosphine gas in Venus’ clouds, including volcanoes, lightning strikes, small meteorites(陨石)falling into the atmosphere. But they ruled all of them out. It was concluded that there is no explanation for the existence of this gas in Venus’ clouds, other than the presence of life, USA Today reported.（科学家们研究了所有可能导致金星云层中磷化氢气体形成的可能性，包括火山爆发、闪电、坠入大气层的小陨石。但他们都排除了。据《今日美国》报道，得出的结论是，除了生命的存在，无法解释金星云层中这种气体的存在。）”可知，这可能是金星云层中存在生命的迹象。故选B。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Discover how trade unions have shaped the way people work.
If you are travelling by train this summer you may find this journey is affected by the national rail strike. _____47_____ This year lots of workers are taking strike action and asking for better pay. Teachers, for example, are thinking about whether to go on strike in the autumn. Strikes are usually organized by trade unions. Read on to find out what trade unions are and how they have shaped the way people work.
What is a trade union?
It is an organization that looks after the rights of people who work in the same industry, do a specific job or work at the same company. The National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers (RMT) represents 80,000 transport workers, and the National Education Union has more than 460,000 members who work in teaching. Trade unions give their members a strong, group voice and support when dealing with the companies they work for. _____48_____. There are trade unions for lots of professions including actors, doctors, farmers, journalists, nurses and teachers.
How did trade unions start and grow?
Workers have been organizing themselves into unions for hundreds of years. During the Industrial Revolution (1760 - 1840), when lots of people left the countryside to work in factories in harsh conditions, workers began pressing their employers for better pay and safety rules. In 1871, the Trade Union Act, which made it legal to form trade unions, was passed. Since then, trade unions have made a big difference to the way people work, helping to set a minimum wage, making it illegal for children to work, and making sure workers can have holidays.
How do trade unions achieve their aims?
_____49_____ If they can’t agree, then union members can vote to take action, which could include going on strike. A group of women who made car seat covers in Dagenham, Esses, went on strike in 1968 because they were being paid less than men for doing a similar job. It lasted four weeks and the factory had to stop making cars because no-one else could make the seats. Eventually, the women got more money.
Does everyone agree with strike action?
No. Strikes can seriously disrupt daily life. A rail strike stops people getting to school and work and a teacher strike could close schools. This year’s national rail strike is the biggest in the UK for 30 years, and the next strike day (27 July) is due just before the Commonwealth Games starts in Birmingham, England. The Government says this will harm the event but Mick Lynch of the RMT says the public support the strike. ____50____ Greta Thunberg’s School Strike for Climate, for example, when she protested every Friday instead of going to school, grew into an international movement.
A. Going on strikes has badly affected the people’s daily life.
B. Unions help make sure workers are paid fairly and work in safe conditions.
C This means many trains could be delayed or cancelled as rail workers go on strike.
D. In the UK, unions talk to employers to agree fair wages and safe working conditions.
E. Going on strike is powerful because it affects people and it gets noticed.
F. The trade union in UK grows big and powerful by organizing many famous strikes.
【答案】47. C 48. B 49. D 50. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是工会以及工会是如何塑造人们的工作方式的。
【47题详解】
根据上文“If you are travelling by train this summer you may find this journey is affected by the national rail strike.（如果你今年夏天乘火车旅行，你可能会发现这次旅行受到全国铁路罢工的影响。）”可知，上文提到今年夏季全国铁路罢工对乘客的影响。C项“This means many trains could be delayed or cancelled as rail workers go on strike.（这意味着随着铁路工人罢工，许多火车可能会被推迟或取消。）”补充说明具体的影响，承接上文，符合文意。故选C。
【48题详解】
根据本段小标题“What is a trade union?（什么是工会？）”可知，本段主要介绍什么是工会。根据上文“Trade unions give their members a strong, group voice and support when dealing with the companies they work for.（工会在与他们工作的公司打交道时，给予其成员强有力的团体声音和支持。）”可知，上文说明工会的作用。B项“Unions help make sure workers are paid fairly and work in safe conditions.（工会帮助确保工人得到公平的报酬，并在安全的条件下工作。）”补充就工会的作用做进一步说明，承接上文，符合文意。故选B。
【49题详解】
根据本段小标题“How do trade unions achieve their aims?（工会如何实现其目标？）”可知，本段主要介绍工会如何实现其目标的。根据下文“If they can’t agree, then union members can vote to take action, which could include going on strike.（如果他们不能达成一致，工会成员可以投票采取行动，包括罢工。）”中的“they”可知，空格处应说明“they”的具体指代。D项“In the UK, unions talk to employers to agree fair wages and safe working conditions.（在英国，工会与雇主谈判，以达成公平的工资和安全的工作条件。）”中的“employers”就是下文“they”的指代对象，承接下文，符合文意。故选D。
【50题详解】
根据下文“Greta Thunberg’s School Strike for Climate, for example, when she protested every Friday instead of going to school, grew into an international movement.（例如，格雷塔·桑伯格（Greta Thunberg）的“学校气候罢工”（School Strike for Climate），她每周五都抗议，而不是去上学，后来发展成为一场国际运动。）”可知，空格处与下文是例证关系。该事例就是为了说明罢工的影响力。E项“Going on strike is powerful because it affects people and it gets noticed.（罢工是很有力量的，因为它会影响人们，而且会引起注意。）”符合文意。故选E。
IV. Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Have you ever found yourself waiting the stop of your bus to arrive and have a stranger ask a commonplace question? Perhaps you’ve stood in line waiting for a coffee and feel the need to just look over to the person next to you and ask about the weather.
This is small talk, and despite the name, it’s actually a big part of daily life.
“Small talk may seem trivial(微不足道的), but it’s a natural way for people to connect. It may seem like a waste of time. But it serves a vital role in our social interactions. Big relationships are built on small talk.” Lindy Pegler, who has a master’s degree in psychology, wrote on Medium.
In fact, we spend a lot of our time making small talk. Often, we find ourselves making small talk with the same people on a regular basis. Coming up with small conversations is the foundation of these relationships.
The benefits of such conversations can actually contribute to our happiness and benefit our lives as a whole. In a study cited by The New York Times, researchers found that having a healthy amount of acquaintances(相识的人) and maintaining these relationships contribute to one’s sense of belonging to a community.
So how does one start making small talk? It can be as simple as complimenting one’s shirt, asking about their day or commenting on the traffic. “First and foremost, small talk is an act of politeness,” Pegler noted. “Our small talk at our first meeting is our chance to show who we are,” she added.
Who knows where this can lead? Nowadays, the small connections we make can lead to big results. You might find someone who has a common interest, or maybe even someone who turns out to be a close friend. There is one thing for sure: Making small talk can brighten our day—even if it’s just a nice comment or thoughtful question.
So the next time you find yourself waiting for the bus or checking your watch while you wait in a line, take the opportunity to look up and talk to someone around you. After all, it takes a small connection to lead to a larger one.
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【答案】Small talk plays an important part of daily life. We spend lots of time making small talk, and small talk is also the foundation of social relationships, which can actually contribute to our happiness and benefit our lives as a whole. Small talk starts with simple polite topics, which can brighten the day.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要以“闲聊”为话题，讲述了其在日常生活中的重要性，以及如何开始闲聊。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①This is small talk, and despite the name, it’s actually a big part of daily life.
②In fact, we spend a lot of our time making small talk.
③Coming up with small conversations is the foundation of these relationships.
④The benefits of such conversations can actually contribute to our happiness and benefit our lives as a whole.
⑤So how does one start making small talk?
⑥It can be as simple as complimenting one’s shirt, asking about their day or commenting on the traffic.
⑦Making small talk can brighten our day—even if it’s just a nice comment or thoughtful question.
2.缜密构思
将第②③④两个要点进行整合，将第⑤⑥⑦两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Small talk plays an important part of daily life.
We spend lots of time making small talk, and small talk is also the foundation of social relationships, which can actually contribute to our happiness and benefit our lives as a whole.
Small talk starts with simple polite topics, which can brighten the day.
【点睛】[高分句型1] We spend lots of time making small talk, and small talk is also the foundation of social relationships, which can actually contribute to our happiness and benefit our lives as a whole.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第四段和第五段进行了概括。其中and作为并列连词，连接前后两个要点并列句，which引导非限制性定语从句，表达较为高级。）
[高分句型2] Small talk starts with simple polite topics, which can brighten the day.（运用一个主从复合句对原文第六段合第七段进行了概括，which引导非限制性定语从句，“start with”等短语用法比较高级。）
The Part II
I. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 进入会场，请自行调节手机音量至合适的状态。(when)(汉译英)
【答案】When you enter the venue, please adjust the volume of the mobile phone to the appropriate state.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句子描述现在的情况，应用一般现在时，“进入会场”即“当你进入会场的时候”，应用when引导时间状语从句，从句主语“你”you，谓语“进入”enter，主语是you，谓语动词使用原形形式，后接宾语“会场”the venue，主句为省略主语you的祈使句，将动词原形至于句首，“请”please，“调节”adjust，后接宾语“手机音量”the volume of the mobile phone，“至合适的状态”to the appropriate state。故翻译为When you enter the venue, please adjust the volume of the mobile phone to the appropriate state.
53. 我们永远不要羡慕别人的幸福因为幸福要靠我们自己创造。(efforts) (汉译英)
【答案】We should never envy the happiness of others because happiness depends on our own efforts.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词、名词和短语。分析句意可知，本句是陈述一般事实，所以时态可用一般现在时；表示“永远不要”可用副词never；表示“羡慕”可用动词envy，可与should连用作谓语；表示“别人的幸福”可用短语the happiness of others，作宾语；表示“因为”用连词because，引导原因状语从句；在从句中表示“幸福”用名词happiness，作主语，表示“依靠”可用短语depend on，作谓语，因为主语happiness是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式depends on；表示“我们自己创造”可用短语our own efforts。故答案为We should never envy the happiness of others because happiness depends on our own efforts。
54. 地震发生后，志愿者们不怕危险第一时间赶到现场开展救援救生命的工作。(Hardly) (汉译英)
【答案】Hardly had the earthquake happened when volunteers were not afraid of danger and rushed to the scene to carry out rescue work.
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句。“地震发生”翻译为the earthquake happened；“志愿者们”翻译为volunteers；“不怕危险”翻译为be not afraid of danger；“赶到现场”翻译为rush to the scene；“开展救援生命的工作”可用动词不定式表达为赶到现场的目的，故翻译为to carry out the rescue work。根据句意可知，此处可用hardly...when...句型，意为“一……就……”，hardly位于句首，为固定的倒装句，句型为：hardly had +主语+done...when+主语+did，故翻译为：Hardly had the earthquake happened when volunteers were not afraid of danger and rushed to the scene to carry out rescue work.
55. 过去几十年，人们对国外潮流趋之若鹜，但如今，他们开始对茶道，古诗词这样的传统文化越来越感兴趣了。(see) （汉译英）
【答案】The past few decades have seen people worshipping after foreign trends desperately, but now they are beginning to be increasingly interested in such traditional cultures as the tea ceremony and ancient poetry.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词、名词、固定短语和时态。根据句意，可将“过去几十年”处理为拟人化的主语the past few decades；表示“见证”应用see作谓语，为现在完成时；表示“人们对国外潮流趋之若鹜”翻译为people worshipping after foreign trends desperately；but连接并列句，主语为they；表示“开始做某事”短语为begin to do sth.，为现在进行时；表示“对茶道，古诗词这样的传统文化越来越感兴趣”短语为be increasingly interested in such traditional cultures as the tea ceremony and ancient poetry。故翻译为The past few decades have seen people worshipping after foreign trends desperately, but now they are beginning to be increasingly interested in such traditional cultures as the tea ceremony and ancient poetry.
II. Guided Writing
56. Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
如果给你与一个历史人物对话的机会，你会和谁对话?
We can only “talk” to historical figures through texts in history books, cultural relics, pomes and songs. But if you had the opportunity to break through the barriers of time and space and have a conversation with a certain historical figure, who would you ask and what would you say to him/her and why do you say so?文章第一句已经为你写好。
Which Historical Figure Would You Want to Speak to?
If I had an opportunity to have a face-to-face talk with a historical figure, I would like to hold a deep conversation with. ...
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【答案】Which Historical Figure Would You Want to Speak to?
If I had an opportunity to have a face-to-face talk with a historical figure, I would like to hold a deep conversation with Su Shi, who is a famous literator and poet living from AD 1037 to 1101.
He made a great contribution to the literature and was tough even when facing troubles. Because of Su’s talent, Su was envied and was relegated to Huangzhou, a poor place. Even when Su was there, he didn’t lose his spirit for the life. So I’d to ask him: How can you be so optimistic and open-minded? As a high school student, sometimes I feel depressed by pressure from study and friendships. I wonder if you could give me some suggestions.
Su Shi, who appears as a star in Song Dynasty, lights up many hearts and souls with his great spirit. Whenever we meet difficulties, we can hear him saying, “Be hopeful and powerful, believe you can face the reality!”
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“Which Historical Figure Would You Want to Speak to?”为题，写一篇文章。
【详解】1.词汇积累
由于：because of→as a result of
坚韧的：tough→persevering
压力：pressure→ stress
建议：suggestions→ advice
2.句式拓展
复合句变简单句
原句：I would like to hold a deep conversation with Su Shi, who is a famous literator and poet living from AD 1037 to 1101.
拓展句：I would like to hold a deep conversation with Su Shi, a famous literator and poet living from AD 1037 to 1101.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Su Shi, who appears as a star in Song Dynasty, lights up many hearts and souls with his great spirit.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Whenever we meet difficulties, we can hear him saying, “Be hopeful and powerful, believe you can face the reality!”（运用了whenever引导的时间状语从句）