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2022-2023学年上海市敬业中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份2022-2023学年上海市敬业中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版），共30页。
2022学年第一学期期中考试
高三英语
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. At a laundry. B. At a furniture shop. C. At a restaurant. D. At a bus station.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Excuse me, where is my order? I’ve been sitting here for almost half an hour.
W: I’m sorry, sir. Pizzas take some time to bake.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. A hairdresser. B. A waitress. C. A police officer. D. An insurance agent.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】W: What can I do for you?
M: My wife and I would like to know something about life insurance. Could you give us some suggestions?
Q: Who is most probably the woman?
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The concert has already been canceled. B. She needs to check first.
C. No ticket is available for next Sunday. D. She is fully occupied next Sunday.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Excuse me, have you got any seats available for the concert next Sunday?
W: No, I’m afraid Sunday is fully booked.
Q: What does the woman mean?
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. At 20:25. B. At 22:25. C. At 16:25. D. At 18:25.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】W: Attention please. Flight MU 146 from Hong Kong has arrived.
M: It’s now 20:25. It’s been delayed for two hours!
Q: When was the flight supposed to arrive?
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. David should invest more in stocks. B. It’s unwise to make such an investment.
C. It’s better for him to take out his savings. D. David has the last say in decision-making.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: You know, I have recently invested all my savings in stocks.
W: Really? That’s the last thing I would do, David.
Q: What does the woman mean?
6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. To a bank. B. To Macao. C. To a travel agency. D. To a gymnasium.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: I need some cash for my trip to Macao tomorrow. I will run and get some.
W: I will go with you. I need some fresh air and exercise.
Q: Where will the speakers most probably go next?
7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The advisor has already approved the man’s class schedule.
B. The man should make an appointment to see his advisor.
C. The advisor must sign the document before leaving.
D. The man should change his course schedule.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: I already know what I want to take next semester. So why do I have to make an appointment to see my advisor? All I need is her signature on my course sheet.
W: I’m afraid it doesn’t work that way. She has to talk with you to make sure everything is on the right track.
Q: What does the woman mean?
8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. She noticed that the students didn’t do their homework.
B. She didn’t teach any class today.
C. She usually assigns homework.
D. She usually talks quietly.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Prof. Smith sure was acting strangely today.
M: I noticed that too She was talking so quietly and then not giving us any homework. Can you believe that?
Q: What can be inferred about Prof. Smith?
9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. His house can accommodate a meeting of the entire committee.
B. The woman should find out when the meeting starts.
C. The meeting should be held at the library.
D. A smaller committee should be formed.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: I think we should hold our first committee meeting in one of the meeting rooms of the library. So far, there are 8 of us who plan to come.
M: If there weren’t more than four, I’d say that we have it over at my place. But with 8 of us, I guess I’d have to get along with your suggestion.
Q: What does the man imply?
10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. She needs to decide on a method soon.
B. She doesn’t have time to collect the data.
C. She prefers to wait until after the election.
D. She’ll send out the questionnaire in a month.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: I just don’t know if you should call everyone to collect the data or just send out a questionnaire. But you’d better make a decision soon.
W: I know, there is only one month till the election.
Q: What does the woman mean?
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11.
A. Running round the world.
B. Becoming an extraordinary actor.
C. Being selected as a professional runner.
D. Setting off on a 5,000 km run every day.
12.
A. He doesn’t have the intention to make friends. B. He doesn’t have enough proper training.
C. He doesn’t have necessary equipment. D. He doesn’t have an assistant.
13.
A. Baker could run 60 kilometres a day.
B. Baker was a born long-distance runner.
C. Baker had problems dealing with animals.
D. Baker should think twice before starting to run.
【答案】11. A 12. D 13. A
【解析】
原文】 Clive Baker will shortly be setting off on a 50,000 km run, hoping to add his name to the very small and select list of people who have performed the extraordinary act of running all the way round the world. On the run he will experience extremes of temperature, from the freezing Russian winter to the burning African summer. As if that is not bad enough, he has no back-up team for assistance and will be running alone, carrying all his equipment on his back. When interviewed, however, Mr Baker suggested the real problem would lie elsewhere. ‘My biggest fear is not the physical challenge, but loneliness,’ Mr Baker said. ‘I’m as sociable as anyone and I’m very hopeful that, despite the difficulties that lie ahead, I will still be able to form many friendships on the way.’ On a trial of 2,000 km, run under the heat of the African sun, he came across wild chimpanzees and poisonous snakes, but such dangers have not put him off. His trial run proved that a target of 60 kilometres a day was reasonable. ‘I have made up my mind to do it and I will. Running is my life,’ he said.
Questions
1. What aim does Clive Baker hope to fulfill?
2. What can be learned about Baker’s next run from the passage?
3. What did the trial of 2,000 km prove?
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. Why do airports have to look good?
A. They represent international significance.
B. They need keep up with air travel growth.
C. They are symbols of a city’s development.
D. They are designed by well-known architects.
15. What do airports provide to meet the competition and customer demand?
A. Notice of flights’ delay. B. Luxurious departure halls.
C. Road and rail connections. D. Nearby shopping areas.
16. Why are airports often located far away from cities?
A. Aircraft are noisier than before.
B. Aircraft are getting larger in size.
C. Aircraft need much space to land and take off.
D. Aircraft need regular examination with engines.
【答案】14. A 15. C 16. C
【解析】
【原文】Because of the recent growth in air travel, airports have become more than ever before symbols of international importance. They therefore have to look good and are frequently designed by well-known architects. In addition to this, competition and customer demand mean that airports generally have to have impressive facilities nowadays. For instance, there are comfortable departure halls, where passengers can wait before their flight takes off, luxurious restaurants, shopping areas and banks. Good road and rail connections with nearby towns and cities are also essential, with large numbers of people need to get to and from the airport quickly and efficiently. However, it is becoming increasingly difficult to find land on which to build airports. One reason for this is that aircraft, despite improvement in engine design, are still very noisy, and need a considerable amount of space in which to land and take off. This of course means that crowded residential areas need to be avoided, so, unfortunately, travellers often find that the airport they need to use might be situated at an inconvenient distance from the city.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17.
A. The woman’s career development.
B. The woman’s contributions as an editor.
C. What the woman thinks of being an editor.
D. What has inspired the woman to work for magazines.
18.
A. The weekly column she wrote. B. The wishes of her family.
C. The books she read then. D. Her schoolmates and teachers.
19.
A. Its owners agreed with her philosophy.
B. It enabled her to realise her own dream.
C. It started to make a profit before she resigned.
D. Its sales volume increased while she was working there.
20.
A. She puts her preference before readers’.
B. She prints famous people’s photos on its cover.
C. She draws readers’ attention with serious pieces.
D. She gives its articles a wonderful opening line.
【答案】17. A 18. C 19. D 20. D
【解析】
【原文】M: Tina White, some people describe you as the best magazine editor in the world. Can you tell us how you started your amazing career?
W: Well, when I was twenty, still at college, I was asked to write a weekly column for a local paper. The paper had wanted me to write about famous people. Instead, what I did was to concentrate on people who the general public didn’t know, but who had something original to say.
M: At that early stage, your family was important. How far did they influence your career choice?
W: My father was a film producer, and my childhood was spent around international actors and directors, so with such influences, I should have become an actress. But I chose to be a journalist in spite of the wishes of my family. I think the biggest influence was my school, not so much the people but the materials it gave me access to … the hours and hours spent in the library.
M: From being a journalist, you then went on to become an editor. I understand the first magazine you edited, Female Focus, wasn’t much of a success?
W: Well, I was the editor for a year, and then I resigned, mainly because of disagreements with the owners. They were reluctant to change things, because they had faith it would eventually make a profit. When I took over, it was selling around six hundred and fifty thousand copies. That soon increased to eight hundred thousand, so it was certainly an improvement.
M: And now you are editing Woman’s World, and you’ve made it the best-selling women’s magazine ever. How do you make people want to read it?
W: For some of my competitors, the most important point is what you put on the cover of your magazine. But they forget faithful readers look beyond that. The real challenge is, how do you encourage a reader to read a serious piece? How are we going to make it an article that people want to read? You have to get their attention. And nothing does that better than a very lively, even shocking opening line.
Questions
1. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?
2. According to the woman, which of the following influenced her most while she was at college?
3. What did the woman say about the first magazine she edited?
4. According to the woman, what does she do to make people want to read her magazine?
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Why Do you Think They Call It Junk?
We know that takeaways and highly processed foods are bad for us, but just how bad? I’ve recently been involved in a TV programme, The Junk Food Experiment, in ___21___ we asked six British celebrities to live on a junk food diet for three weeks. ___22___ was so disturbing was just how quickly they became sick, to the point where the series doctor told three of the celebrities—Olympic athlete Tess Sanderson, Made in Chelsea star Hugo Taylor and actress Hayley Tammadon—___23___ (pull) out.
___24___ this documentary involved only a small number of subjects, it did point to a wider truth: junk food has a far more dangerous effect on us than most people imagine.
The most obvious link is obesity (肥胖). We Brits, lovers___25___ fast food, are the fattest people in Europe. We put away around 22 million takeaway meals a week, and the number of junk food outlets on our high streets ___26___ (continue) to increase—up a third since 2010 to more than 52,000—while processed foods such as snacks, desserts or ready-to-eat meals now make up more than half the diet of the average adult in Britain.
In a US study, 20 adults of healthy weight were asked to come into a lab and live for two weeks on processed foods, ___27___ (follow) by two weeks of healthy, home-cooked meals. The different meals contained roughly the same amounts of fat, sugar, salt and carbs, but volunteers ate 500 more calories a day when eating processed foods than when eating real food. As a result, they put on ___28___ average of 0.77kg on the processed diet, while they lost 1.08kg on the healthy diet.
Piling on the bad news, in another recent report a team from California’s Loma Linda University reviewed data from over 240,000 telephone surveys, and found that consumption of fried takeaway foods and those ___29___ (contain) lots of sugar was strongly linked with depression, even when age, education and income ___30___ (take) into account.
【答案】21. which
22. What 23. to pull
24. Although##Though##While
25. of 26. continues
27. followed
28. an 29. containing
30. were taken
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述研究表明，垃圾食品对我们的危害远比大多数人想象的要大。
【21题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我最近参加了一个名为“垃圾食品实验”的电视节目，在这个节目中，我们让六位英国名人在三周内吃垃圾食品。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是a TV programme，关系在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
【22题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：非常令人不安的是他们很快就生病了，以至于剧中的医生告诉三位名人——奥运运动员Tess Sanderson、《切尔西制造》明星Hugo Taylor和女演员Hayley Tammadon——退出。分析句子可知，空处引导主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，表示“非常令人不安的事情”，应用what引导，首字母大写。故填What。
【23题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意同上。tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事，故此处用动词不定式。故填to pull。
【24题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然这部纪录片只涉及了一小部分主题，但它确实指出了一个更广泛的事实：垃圾食品对我们的危害远比大多数人想象的要大。结合句意可知，此处表示“虽然”，用although、though或while引导让步状语从句，首字母应大写。故填Although/Though/While。
【25题详解】
考查介词。句意：我们热爱快餐的英国人是欧洲最胖的人。此处表示“快餐的热爱者”，表示“……的”用介词of。故填of。
【26题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们每周吃掉约2200万份外卖，而商业街上的垃圾食品门店数量自2010年以来持续增加——增加了三分之一，达到52,000多家——而加工食品，如零食、甜点或即食食品，现在占据了英国成年人平均膳食的一半以上。根据前一个分句时态及语境可知，此处是描述一个一般性事实，应用一般现在时，“the number of+名词”作主语，此处谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填continues。
【27题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：在美国的一项研究中，20名体重正常的成年人被要求进入实验室，在两周内吃加工食品，然后两周内吃健康的家庭烹饪食物。动词follow和逻辑主语foods之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语，故填followed。
【28题详解】
考查不定冠词。句意：结果，食用加工食品的人平均增重0.77公斤，而食用健康食品的人平均减重1.08公斤。an average of平均有，固定短语。故填an。
【29题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：更糟糕的是，在最近的另一份报告中，来自加州洛马琳达大学的一个研究小组回顾了24万多份电话调查数据，发现油炸外卖食品和那些含大量糖的食品的消费与抑郁症密切相关，即使把年龄、教育和收入都考虑在内。动词contain和逻辑主语those之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作定语，故填containing。
【30题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处是when引导的时间状语从句的谓语部分，结合上文时态及语境可知，此处是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，且主语age, education and income和动词take之间是被动关系，故此处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，be动词用were。故填were taken。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. appear B. faded C. immediately D. ordinary E. overlooked F. pairings
G. progressively H. signals I. translate J. underwent K. unexpected
Mixing senses: synaesthesia taught to adults
Brain training for synaesthesia — where you mix up sensory information — may be just around the corner. People have been taught to experience a form of synaesthesia where letters ___31___ as certain colours, in their everyday life.
By the end of the nine-week course, most of the volunteers were seeing text in the real world take on particular colours, on road signs, for example. “The colour ___32___ pops into my head as soon as I saw the words on the road sign,” said one participant.
Synaesthesia is thought to result from people’s brains developing in such a way that their sensory ___33___ get mixed up. So “Tuesday” might evoke (导致) the colour pink, for example, or the word “tree” might taste like popcorn. Early life experiences may play a role — some synaesthetes report that their letter-colour ___34___ match the colours of a childhood alphabet or fridge magnets. But is it something you can learn as an adult?
Two years ago researchers made some aspects of the condition by getting people to read books where some of the letters were printed in certain colours. This improved their scores on tests but didn’t ___35___ out of the lab.
What if people ___36___ more intense training? Daniel Bor at the University of Sussex, UK, gave people daily half-hour training courses to teach them 13 letter-colour associations, using ___37___ harder tasks. The volunteers also practised with specially coloured e-books. As well as passing the lab tests, 9 of the 14 volunteers reported seeing coloured letters to varying extents when they read ___38___ black text. Many saw effects by week five, and some had synaesthetic experiences daily. Their power ___39___ once the training stopped.
The training had a(n) ___40___ benefit too. The volunteers gained 12 points in IQ tests by the end of training. However, this may be a general benefit of intensive training with memory-related tasks, says Bor, who adds that he may in future put the training tools online.
【答案】31. A 32. C
33. H 34. F
35. I 36. J
37. G 38. D
39. B 40. K
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种心理现象——联觉。同时介绍了一个培养成年人联觉的实验。
31题详解】
考查动词。句意：人们被教导在日常生活中体验一种联觉形式，字母以特定的颜色出现。分析句子，设空处应该使用动词作where引导定语从句中的谓语动词。句子表述客观事实，故用一般现在时，同时主语为letters，是复数，后动词用原形。表示“出现”用appear。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查副词。句意：一名参与者说：“当我看到路标上的字时，我的脑海中立刻出现了这种颜色。”分析句子，设空处应该使用副词作状语修饰动词pops。表示“立即地”用immediately。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：联觉被认为是由于人们的大脑发育以一种感觉信号混淆的方式产生的。分析句子，设空处应该使用名词作从句主语。表示“信号”用复数名词signals。故选H。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：早期的生活经历可能起了作用——一些联觉者报告说，他们的字母颜色配对与童年字母表或冰箱贴的颜色匹配。分析句子，设空处应该使用名词作从句主语。表示“颜色配对”用color pairings。故选F。
【35题详解】
考查动词。句意：这提高了他们的测试成绩，但并没有在实验室之外发挥作用。设空处置于助动词didn’t之后，故应该使用动词作谓语。动词translate (（使）转变；（以某种方式）理解)符合句意，此处表示“在实验室之外产生作用”。故选I。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果人们接受更高强度的训练呢？分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表述过去发生事实，应用一般过去时。表示“接受，承受”用undergo，过去式为underwent。故选J。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：英国苏塞克斯大学的丹尼尔·博尔每天给人们上半小时的培训课程，教他们13种字母颜色的关联，并逐步增加难度。分析句子，设空处使用副词作状语修饰动词using。表示“逐步地”用progressively。故选G。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：除了通过实验室测试外，14名志愿者中有9人报告说，当他们阅读普通的黑色文字时，他们在不同程度上看到了彩色字母。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语修饰black text。表示“普通的”用ordinary。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查动词。句意：一旦训练停止，它们的力量就消失了。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。根据后文的stopped可知，此处应该使用一般过去时。表示“消失，消逝”用fade，过去式为faded。故选B。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这种训练还有一个意想不到的好处。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语修饰名词benefit。表示“意想不到的”用形容词unexpected。故选K。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In The Debunking (揭穿真相) Handbook, a short guide published in 2011, John Cook, at George Mason University, and Stephan Lewandowsky, at the University of Bristol, looked at the world-view backfire effect, the idea that if a correction of a false claim disagrees with your world view, it strengthens the ___41___. Jason Reifler at the University of Exeter found this in his Iraq study, but he points out that the effect only appeared in two out of five experiments.
What’s more, although some later studies have seen similar results, many haven’t seen the effect at all. This suggests it is much ___42___ than Reifler’s work suggested, which he thinks is fantastic news.
But whatever you do, don’t point this out, or turn to ___43___ (“You’re wrong!”, “You’re ignorant”.). Instead, listen and ask questions that ___44___ why someone has those opinions (“What makes you think that?”).
The good news is that social events are ___45___ situations for correcting myths. Assuming there is at least some trust between you, the other person will probably hear you out. And corrections from credible, trusted sources are more ___46___. There’s also far more time to discuss the topic ___47___ than compared with, say, interactions on social media.
The bad news is that even with all this in mind, you are still unlikely to ___48___ someone, especially if you are challenging their world view. Corrections that are totally different from one’s world view are by-and-large ineffective, especially in conservative people.
So why even ___49___? Firstly, people are much less likely to spread false information if they are held accountable for it, says Reifler. ___50___ your relatives’ false claims may make them think twice before spreading nonsense on another occasion.
And always ___51___ the other people in the room. Even if you do not change your Aunt Susan’s mind, you may sow a seed in your nieces’ and nephews’ minds.
Indeed, Cook thinks there is little chance of changing the minds of, say, the 7 per cent of people in the US who are very ___52___ that global warming isn’t happening at all. Instead, he thinks we should ___53___ the majority still open to persuasion. His studies show that people are less likely to fall for false arguments if they are warned against them. ___54___, forewarn them about the problem of false balance in the media and their views won’t change when they read an article full of false-balance quotes. Those who are not warned become more ___55___ their judgement.
41. A. association B. offensiveness C. probability D. misconception
42. A. harder B. rarer C. more diverse D. more important
43. A. reactions B. judgements C. forecasts D. reasons
44. A. reveal B. avoid C. define D. link
45. A. frustrating B. excellent C. familiar D. occasional
46. A. widespread B. deliberate C. inevitable D. effective
47. A. in person B. in detail C. on purpose D. on business
48. A. encourage B. impress C. surprise D. convince
49. A. try B. stop C. move D. wait
50. A. Validating B. Investigating C. Questioning D. Understanding
51. A. support B. locate C. interview D. consider
52. A. aware B. happy C. sure D. disappointed
53. A. make up B. look up to C. focus on D. set out on
54. A. For instance B. What’s more C. As a result D. On the contrary
55. A. surprised at B. doubtful of C. curious of D. annoyed at
【答案】41. D 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. B 46. D 47. A 48. D 49. A 50. C 51. D 52. C 53. C 54. A 55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在2011年出版的简短指南《揭穿手册》中，John Cook和Stephan Lewandowsky研究了世界观的逆火效应，即如果对错误主张的纠正与你的世界观不一致，就会强化误解。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在2011年出版简短指南《揭穿手册》(The Debunking Handbook)中，George Mason University的John Cook和University of Bristol的Stephan Lewandowsky研究了世界观的逆火效应，即如果对错误主张的纠正与你的世界观不一致，就会强化误解。A. association联系；B. offensiveness冒犯；C. probability可能性；D. misconception误解。根据上文“a correction of a false claim disagrees with your world view”可知，如果对错误主张的纠正与你的世界观不一致，就会强化误解。故选D。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这表明它比Reifler的研究表明的要罕见得多，他认为这是一个极好的消息。A. harder更难的；B. rarer更罕见的；C. more diverse更加多样化的；D. more important更重要的。根据上文“many haven’t seen the effect at all”可知，句子表示“这表明它比Reifler的研究表明的要罕见得多”。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但无论你做什么，都不要指出这一点，或做出判断(“你错了！，“你太无知了”)。A. reactions反应；B. judgements判断；C. forecasts预报；D. reasons原因。根据下文““You’re wrong!”, “You’re ignorant””可知，括号里内容是对人的判断。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，倾听并问一些问题来揭示为什么别人会有这些观点(“你为什么这么想？”)。A. reveal揭示；B. avoid避免；C. define下定义；D. link连接。根据下文“why someone has those opinions (“What makes you think that?”)”可知，此处表示“倾听并问一些问题来揭示为什么别人会有这些观点（”。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：好消息是，社会事件是纠正错误的观点的绝佳场合。A. frustrating令人沮丧的；B. excellent极好的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. occasional偶尔的。根据上文“The good news”可知，好消息是，社会事件是纠正错误的观点的绝佳场合。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而来自可靠的、值得信赖的来源的纠正更有效。A. widespread广泛的；B. deliberate故意的；C. inevitable不可避免的；D. effective有效的。根据上文“corrections from credible, trusted sources”可知，来自可靠的、值得信赖的来源的纠正更有效。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：与社交媒体上的互动相比，面对面讨论话题的时间要多得多。A. in person亲自；B. in detail详细地；C. on purpose故意地；D. on business出差。根据下文“compared with, say, interactions on social media”可知，与社交媒体上的互动相比，面对面即亲自讨论话题的时间要多得多，。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：坏消息是，即使你心里有这些想法，你仍然不太可能说服别人，尤其是当你在挑战他们的世界观时。A. encourage鼓励；B. impress使印象深刻；C. surprise使惊讶；D. convince说服。结合常识，纠正别人是为了说服别人。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么为什么还要尝试呢？A. try尝试；B. stop阻止；C. move移动；D. wait等待。根据上文“Corrections that are totally different from one’s world view are by-and-large ineffective, especially in conservative people”可知，既然纠正别人是没有效果的，那么为什么还要尝试呢。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：质疑你亲戚的虚假说法可能会让他们在下次胡说八道之前三思而后行。A. Validating批准；B. Investigating调查；C. Questioning质疑；D. Understanding理解。根据下文“your relatives’ false claims”可知，质疑你亲戚的虚假说法。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：还要时刻考虑房间里的其他人。A. support支持；B. locate确定……的位置；C. interview采访；D. consider考虑。根据下文“Even if you do not change your Aunt Susan’s mind, you may sow a seed in your nieces’ and nephews’ minds”可知，此处表示“还要时刻考虑房间里的其他人”。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，库克认为，几乎不可能改变美国7%的人的想法，他们非常确信全球变暖根本没有发生。A. aware意识到的；B. happy高兴的；C. sure确信的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文“7 per cent of people in the US”和下文“that global warming isn’t happening at all”可知，此处表示“几乎不可能改变美国7%的人的想法，他们非常确信全球变暖根本没有发生”。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：相反，他认为我们应该关注那些仍然愿意接受说服的大多数人。A. make up编造；B. look up to尊敬；C. focus on关注；D. set out on启程。根据下文“the majority still open to persuasion”可知，此处表示“我们应该关注那些仍然愿意接受说服的大多数人”。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：例如，预先警告他们媒体上的虚假平衡问题，他们的观点不会在他们读到一篇充满虚假平衡引用的文章时改变。A. For instance例如；B. What’s more另外；C. As a result结果；D. On the contrary相反。根据下文“forewarn them about the problem of false balance in the media and their views won’t change when they read an article full of false-balance quotes”可知，下文是举的一个例子，空格处意为“例如”。故选A。
【55题详解】
考查形容词短语辨析。句意：那些没有得到警告的人会更加怀疑自己的判断力。A. surprised at对……感到惊讶；B. doubtful of对……怀疑；C. curious of对……好奇的；D. annoyed at对……生气的。根据上文“His studies show that people are less likely to fall for false arguments if they are warned against them”可知，那些没有得到警告的人会更加怀疑自己的判断力。故选B。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Once you choose to become an actor, many people who you thought were your closest friends will tell you you’re crazy, though some may react quite differently. No two people will give you the same advice. But it is a very personal choice you are making, and only you can take responsibility for yourself and for realising your ambition.
There are no easy ways of getting there — no written examination to pass, and no absolute guarantee that when you have successfully completed your training you will automatically make your way in the profession. It’s a matter of luck plus talent.
I have frequently been asked to define this magical thing called talent, which everyone is looking out for. I believe it is best described as natural skill plus imagination — the latter being the most difficult quality to assess. And it has a lot to do with the person’s courage and their belief in what they are doing and the way they are putting it across.
Where does the desire to act come from? It is often very difficult to put into words your own reasons for wanting to act. Certainly, in the theatre the significant thing is that moment of contact between the actor on the stage and a particular audience. And making this brief contact is central to all acting, wherever it takes place — it is what drives all actors to act.
If you ask actors how they have done well in the profession, the response will most likely be a shrug. They will not know. They will know certain things about themselves and aspects of their own technique and the techniques of others. But they will take nothing for granted, because they know that they are only as good as their current job, and that their fame may not continue.
Disappointment is the greatest enemy of the actor. Last month you may have been out of work, selling clothes or waitressing. Suddenly you are asked to audition (试镜) for a part, but however much you want the job, the truth is that it maybe denied you. So actors tend not to talk about their chances. They come up with ways of protecting themselves against the stress of competing for a part and the possibility of rejection.
56. If you decide to take up acting, you may well receive a lot of _____ from your close friends.
A. encouragement B. sympathy
C. jealousy D. objection
57. Which of the following is the writer most likely to agree with in terms of acting?
A. Good actors know very well about their secret of success.
B. Talented actors are usually those with a vivid imagination.
C. There should be training and exams to qualify potential actors.
D. Not all actors like the contact with the audience while on the stage.
58. What does the writer imply about disappointment?
A. It is what actors often talk about.
B. Actors should compete to avoid it.
C. Actors should get accustomed to it.
D. It will surely affect actors’ performance.
59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. So you want to be an actor
B. Wanting to be an actor? Don’t hesitate
C. Why acting appeals to young people?
D. Acting: riskier than expected
【答案】56. D 57. B 58. C 59. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了一旦你选择成为一名演员，许多朋友会认为你疯了，但是只有你才能为自己和实现自己的抱负承担责任。作者在文中提供了一些关于演艺的知识。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Once you choose to become an actor, many people who you thought were your closest friends will tell you you’re crazy, though some may react quite differently. No two people will give you the same advice. (一旦你选择成为一名演员，许多你认为是你最亲密的朋友的人会告诉你你疯了，尽管有些人的反应可能截然不同)”可知，如果你决定从事表演，你很可能会收到很多密友的反对。故选D。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“I believe it is best described as natural skill plus imagination—the latter being the most difficult quality to assess. And it has a lot to do with the person’s courage and their belief in what they are doing and the way they are putting it across. (我认为最好用自然技能加上想象力来形容，后者是最难评估的品质。这与这个人的勇气、他们对自己所做的事情的信念以及他们表达的方式有很大关系)”可知，就演出而言，作者最可能同意天才演员通常是那些想象力丰富的演员的说法。故选B。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Disappointment is the greatest enemy of the actor. Last month you may have been out of work, selling clothes or waitressing. Suddenly you are asked to audition (试镜) for a part, but however much you want the job, the truth is that it maybe denied you. So actors tend not to talk about their chances. They come up with ways of protecting themselves against the stress of competing for a part and the possibility of rejection. (失望是演员最大的敌人。上个月你可能失业了，卖衣服或当服务员。突然，你被要求试镜一个角色，但不管你多么想要这份工作，事实是它可能会拒绝你。所以演员们往往不会谈论自己的机会。他们想出了保护自己免受竞争角色压力和被拒绝可能性的方法)”可知，关于失望，作者暗示演员应该习惯它。故选C。
【59题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Once you choose to become an actor, many people who you thought were your closest friends will tell you you’re crazy, though some may react quite differently. No two people will give you the same advice. (一旦你选择成为一名演员，许多你认为是你最亲密的朋友的人会告诉你你疯了，尽管有些人的反应可能截然不同) ”可知，本文讲述了你想成为演员，就要靠自己，以及在下文提供了一些关于演艺的知识。由此可知，“所以你想成为一名演员”适合作本文最佳标题。作者以总结的口吻提出了你的愿望，是最佳标题。故选A。
(B)
Time has always been of great interest to scientist…
Theory 1: According to Caltech cosmologist (宇宙学家) Dr Sean Carroll, the flow of time from past to future may be the symptom of our Universe having emerged from another universe that existed before the Big Bang and then gave birth to our own.
Theory 2: In 1967, two American theorists came up with an equation describing the quantum (量子) state of the whole Universe. Known as the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, it includes many key features of the universe, such as its size. But one aspect is absent: time. Some theorists believe this implies that time only exists in our minds.
Theory 3: According to theorist Prof Lee Smolin at the Perimeter Institute, Canada, the existence of life in the Universe is the result of the laws of physics evolving to their current state over an unlimited number of previous universes. If true, this means that our very existence is proof that time does exist.
Theory 4: In 2009, physicists at the universities of Bristol and Cambridge showed that the passing of time revealed by, say, the cooling of a cup of tea, may be due to quantum effect called ‘entanglement’. This involves the particles (粒子) in the team interacting with their surroundings, being bound together and becoming harder to distinguish from each other—a one-way process that requires the forward progression of time to occur.
Theory 5: Dark energy, the mysterious anti-gravitational force that drives the expansion of the Universe, may be linked to the existence of the arrow of time. Last year, two cosmologists at the Yerevan Physics Institute showed that dark energy leads to the growth of entropy, a measure of disorder, in the Universe.
60. All the five theories imply that _____.
A. time is flexible B. time is constant
C. time does go forth and back D. time does exist in some way
61. Which theory doesn’t include time?
A. Theory 1. B. Theory 2.
C. Theory 3. D. Theory 4.
62. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of dark energy?
A. It leads to the existence of multi-universities.
B. It is what keeps the universe in order.
C. It increases in strength with gravity.
D. It is what makes the universe get bigger.
【答案】60. D 61. B 62. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了关于时间的五个理论。
【60题详解】
推理判断题。根据Theory 1 中“According to Caltech cosmologist (宇宙学家) Dr Sean Carroll, the flow of time from past to future may be the symptom of our Universe having emerged from another universe(根据加州理工大学宇宙学家肖恩·卡罗尔博士的说法，时间从过去到未来流动可能是我们的宇宙从另一个宇宙中出现的症状)”、Theory 2中“Some theorists believe this implies that time only exists in our minds.(一些理论家认为，这意味着时间只存在于我们的头脑中)”、Theory 3中“If true, this means that our very existence is proof that time does exist.(如果这是真的，这意味着我们的存在本身就是时间确实存在的证明)”、Theory 4中“a one-way process that requires the forward progression of time to occur(这是一个单向的过程，需要时间向前推移才能发生)”以及Theory 5中“Dark energy, the mysterious anti-gravitational force that drives the expansion of the Universe, may be linked to the existence of the arrow of time.(暗能量，一种神秘的反引力，驱动着宇宙的膨胀，可能与时间箭头的存在有关)”可知，五个理论都暗示了时间以某种形式确实存在。故选D。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据Theory 2中“In 1967, two American theorists came up with an equation describing the quantum (量子) state of the whole Universe. Known as the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, it includes many key features of the universe, such as its size. But one aspect is absent: time.(1967年，两位美国理论家提出了一个描述整个宇宙量子态的方程。它被称为Wheeler-DeWitt方程，包含了宇宙的许多关键特征，比如它的大小。但有一个方面是缺失的：时间)”可知，理论2不包括时间。故选B。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据Theory 5中“Dark energy, the mysterious anti-gravitational force that drives the expansion of the Universe, may be linked to the existence of the arrow of time.(暗能量，一种神秘的反引力，驱动着宇宙的膨胀，可能与时间箭头的存在有关)”可知，暗能量驱动着宇宙的膨胀。故选D。
(C)
Eating out goes a long way back. The Romans had their pubs serving set meals and cook shops called thermopolia selling hot ready-to-eat dishes. In the Middle Ages, inns would provide buffets of cold meats or roasts to serve the many people who didn’t have kitchens. Before the revolution in France, there were plenty of places where you could eat out but fine dining was something enjoyed merely by the aristocracy (贵族) in the comfort of their own homes.
In 18th-century France, while the aristocrats were enjoying food prepared by personal chefs, cold winters and oppressive taxation had left most of the French population unable to afford bread. When the starving masses finally took to the streets of Paris in 1789, commonly known as the French Revolution, the aristocrats fled to the countryside, leaving their chefs and their fine wines behind. Both found their way to the cities’ existing eateries and within a year, a host of new elegant restaurants with extensive menus had been established.
“These restaurants were a microcosm (缩影) of the New France,” says David Gilks, a lecturer in Modern European History at the University of East Anglia. “They were the places where the nouveau riche, who had profited from the revolution, were to be seen. There were still shortages of basic food stuffs in many parts of Paris but in the nicer parts you would see people enjoying fine food in elegant surroundings.”
In the 1760s the merchants of Paris developed a taste for light soups known as “restoratives” or “restaurants”, and dining halls where customers could sit at individual tables and have them began popping up around the city.
The new post-revolutionary restaurants took their names from these and the new class of French businessmen, booming in the early 19th century when Napoleon decided that if people were enjoying food and drinks, they’d be unlikely to rebel again. Citizens were granted the “freedom of pleasure” and restaurants began to compete with each other. They were featured in travelogues and became tourist attractions in their own right.
“Intended or not, restaurants can signpost both the decline and success of an Empire,” says William Sitwell, author of The Restaurant: A History of Eating Out. “The extraordinary advancement of the dining scene of ancient Pompeii was indicative of the Roman Empire’s vision breadth and booming. The dark restaurant scene of the United Kingdom in the 1940s after World War II showed quite how the horrors of conflict had damaged the country’s food, culture and taste.”
63. Which of the following is a consequence of the French Revolution?
A. Most personal chefs were left unemployed.
B. Eateries found their way to the countryside.
C. Fine dining no longer just belonged to the aristocrats.
D. There were almost no shortages of basic food stuffs in Paris.
64. What can be learned about the word “restaurant” from the passage?
A. It was coined by the nouveau riche.
B. It originally referred to a type of food.
C. It came into being after the French Revolution.
D. It was first defined as the “freedom of pleasure”.
65. What can be inferred from William Sitwell’s comments on restaurants?
A. They are symbols of transformation.
B. They are the result of development.
C. They lost their appeal to British people in the 1940s.
D. They made their first appearance in ancient Pompeii.
66. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The national vision of eating out. B. The varying popularity of restaurants.
C. The unintended purposes of eating out. D. The history and evolution of restaurants.
【答案】63. C 64. B 65. A 66. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了餐馆的历史和进化过程。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Both found their way to the cities’ existing eateries and within a year, a host of new elegant restaurants with extensive menus had been established.(它们都走向了城市现有的餐馆的道路，在一年之内，一大批菜单丰富的新的优雅餐厅已经建立起来)”以及第三段中“There were still shortages of basic food stuffs in many parts of Paris but in the nicer parts you would see people enjoying fine food in elegant surroundings.(在巴黎的许多地方，基本食物仍然短缺，但在较好的地方，你会看到人们在优雅的环境中享受美食)”可知，法国大革命致使餐厅和美食不再是贵族专属。故选C。
【64题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Romans had their pubs serving set meals and cook shops called thermopolia selling hot ready-to-eat dishes. In the Middle Ages, inns would provide buffets of cold meats or roasts to serve the many people who didn’t have kitchens.(罗马人的酒吧提供套餐和名为thermopolia的烹饪店，出售热腾腾的即食菜肴。在中世纪，小旅馆会提供冷肉或烤肉的自助餐，为许多没有厨房的人服务)”可知，“restaurant”一词最初是指一种食物。故选B。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中William Sitwell说的话“Intended or not, restaurants can signpost both the decline and success of an Empire(无论有意无意，餐馆都可以标志一个帝国的衰落和成功)”及“The extraordinary advancement of the dining scene of ancient Pompeii was indicative of the Roman Empire’s vision breadth and booming. The dark restaurant scene of the United Kingdom in the 1940s after World War II showed quite how the horrors of conflict had damaged the country’s food, culture and taste.(古代庞贝的饮食场面的非凡进步，表明了罗马帝国的视野广度和蓬勃发展。第二次世界大战后40年代英国黑暗的餐馆场景很好地展示了恐怖的冲突是如何破坏这个国家的食物、文化和品味的)”可知，从他的话可以得出，餐馆是变革的象征。故选A。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Eating out goes a long way back.(外出就餐的历史可以追溯到很久以前)”可知，文章主要介绍了餐馆的历史和进化过程。故选D。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Authenticating Sushi … and Picassos
A recent study of the seafood industry by Oceana, a conservation group, found that, nationwide, grocery stores mislabeled nearly one-fifth of all the fish they sold. Sushi restaurants were even worse, serving a fish other than what was promised on the menu three-quarters of the time. ___67___ But some merchants seemed to substitute cheap fish like tilapia for more expensive fare on purpose.
DNA bar coding can help uncover such practices. By taking a bit of muscle from a fish and sequencing (测定序列) the DNA inside, scientists can quickly tell one species from another. Bar-coding technology is accessible enough that high-school students have used it to expose fraud (骗局) at restaurants. ___68___ And they can see for themselves whether they’re really getting the bluefin tuna they ordered.
___69___ Billions of dollars’ worth of art changes hands every year, and some experts estimate that 40 percent of it is fake. Professional authentication can help, but recent stories involving works said to have been painted by Jackson Pollock, Amedeo Modigliani, and others have shown that a skillful forger (制作赝品者) can fool even the most respected experts. ___70___ Rather than using the artist’s own DNA—which a thief could lift from clothes, rubbish, or hairs—these labels would contain DNA from another creature, with pieces of synthetic DNA woven in. To authenticate the piece, scientists would take DNA from the label, sequence the synthetic hits, and consult a database. Only if the sequence matched the database record would the piece be pronounced genuine.
A. Art is another area where forgery is decreasing due to the resulting profits.
B. DNA could be used to expose fraud in the art world, too.
C. If the technology continues to evolve, consumers could someday bring handheld bar coders to the table.
D. Simple confusion might explain some of the differences, since fish species can be hard to tell apart.
E. The DNA molecule is capable of storing vast amounts of data and can survive for thousands of years.
F. To solve this problem, some scientists have suggested attaching a small plastic label full of DNA to works of art.
【答案】67. D 68. C 69. B 70. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了保护组织Oceana最近对海鲜行业进行的一项研究发现，在全国范围内，食品杂货店对其销售的所有鱼类中近五分之一的鱼贴错了标签。DNA条形码可以帮助揭示这些做法, 并且可以应用到辨别艺术真伪领域。
【67题详解】
上文“Sushi restaurants were even worse, serving a fish other than what was promised on the menu three-quarters of the time.( 寿司店甚至更糟，四分之三的时间都在供应菜单上承诺的以外的鱼)”说明鱼类很容易被贴错标签，空格处说明贴错的原因，D项“简单的混淆可能解释了一些差异，因为鱼类很难区分。”符合语境，故选D。
【68题详解】
下文“And they can see for themselves whether they’re really getting the bluefin tuna they ordered.( 他们可以自己看看他们是否真的得到了他们点的蓝鳍金枪鱼。)”说明能够自己辨别点的蓝鳍金枪鱼是要有一定的技术，就是使用DNA条形码。C项“如果这项技术继续发展，消费者有朝一日可能会把手持条形码机带到餐桌上。”符合语境，故选C。
【69题详解】
下文“Billions of dollars’ worth of art changes hands every year, and some experts estimate that 40 percent of it is fake. ( 每年有价值30亿美元的艺术品易手，一些专家估计其中40%是假的。)”说明此处art是关键词，B项“DNA也可以用来揭露艺术界的欺诈行为。”是DNA条形码另一用途，故选B。
【70题详解】
上文“Professional authentication can help, but recent stories involving works said to have been painted by Jackson Pollock, Amedeo Modigliani, and others have shown that a skillful forger (制作赝品者) can fool even the most respected experts.( 专业认证可能会有所帮助，但最近有关杰克逊·波洛克（Jackson Pollock）、阿梅迪奥·莫迪利亚尼（Amedeo Modigliani）和其他人绘画作品的报道表明，熟练的伪造者甚至可以愚弄最受尊敬的专家。)”说明要解决伪造赝品可以使用DNA条形码，F项“为了解决这个问题，一些科学家建议在艺术品上贴上一个装满DNA的小塑料标签。”承接上文，故选F。
IV．Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
It’s no laughing matter
Much research has been conducted about why humans laugh and what they laugh at—not only by psychologists, but also by philosophers, for the study of laughter crosses many disciplines. So, why do we laugh?
The general belief is that humans laugh as a social bonding mechanism. Studies have shown that humans are over 30 times more likely to laugh with others than alone. Even “laughing gas” works more effectively on a group of people than on a single person. We all know that laughter can be very infectious.
Some researchers believe that laughter in humans was born out of the relief our ancestors felt after danger had passed. If smiling in humans is considered an extension of the “fear” face in primates (灵长类动物), then laughter is a signal that the fear has gone. When we laugh, our “fight or flight” reaction to danger is temporarily switched off, further indicating that we now feel relaxed. So laughter is a way of discharging stress and anxiety.
Although laughter is universal, people don’t always laugh at the same things, and what people find funny often changes as they get older. Children find a lot to laugh about, as they are encountering so many things for the first time, which offers constant surprises. Teenagers often like jokes that adults find annoying, while adults often laugh at jokes about funny things in their own everyday lives. Furthermore, because a lot of our humor comes from a shared cultural background, countless jokes don’t cross language and cultural barriers, with the result that what’s funny in Australia may well not be in Austria.
Regardless of what different people find funny, people ought to laugh as much as they can. While we’re laughing, we increase the killer cells that destroy viruses. So, the next time someone tells you they nearly died laughing, tell them it’s far from the truth!
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】It’s believed that people laugh to get each other closer, and are more likely to laugh within a group. Laugher is also considered a way to fight stress and anxiety. However, people may laugh at different things, which change with age and vary from culture to culture. Anyway, laughter does good to our health so we need to laugh more.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，心理学家，还有哲学家关于人类为什么笑以及他们笑什么，已经进行了很多研究。人们认为通过笑来拉近社交距离，在一个群体中更容易笑。笑也被认为是对抗压力和焦虑的一种方式。然而，引发人们笑的原因会随着年龄的增长而变化，也会因文化的不同而不同。无论如何，笑对我们的健康有好处，所以我们需要多笑。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Much research has been conducted about laugh-—not only by psychologists, but also by philosophers, for the study of laughter crosses many disciplines.
②The general belief is that humans laugh as a social bonding mechanism.
③So laughter is a way of discharging stress and anxiety.④Although laughter is universal, people don’t always laugh at the same things, and what people find funny often changes as they get older and varies with cultural backgrounds.
⑤ We ought to laugh as much as they can.
2.缜密构思将第2、3两个要点进行整合，将第4、5两个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句It's believed that laughing together can make people feel closer.
Whenever people feel relaxed or danger is removed, they laugh.
What makes people laugh varies with ages and cultural backgrounds.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It’s believed that people laugh to get each other closer, and are more likely to laugh within a group. 用一个主从复合句对第二段内容作了概括，使用了主语从句和be likely to do结构
[高分句型2]：Laugher is also considered a way to fight stress and anxiety. 运用了动词不定式作后置定语，概括了第三段内容。
[高分句型3]：However, people may laugh at different things, which change with age and vary from culture to culture.用一个复杂的主从复合句概括了第四段内容。使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 此刻，我不想让妈妈为我的就业问题担心。(bother)(汉译英)
【答案】I don’t want to bother my mother with my employment at the moment.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。讲述现状，时态用一般现在时，“想做某事”译为“want to do sth.”，“用某事烦扰某人”意为“bother sb. with sth.”，“此刻”译为“at the moment”，结合其它汉语提示，故译为：I don’t want to bother my mother with my employment at the moment.
73. 公共场所的色彩与设计会对社会产生不容忽视的影响。（impact）(汉译英)
【答案】The colour and design of public places will have an impact on society that cannot be ignored.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、情态动词的被动和定语从句。主语是“公共场所的色彩与设计”表示为the colour and design of public places，谓语是“对社会产生影响”表示为have an impact on society，表示将来发生的动作，用一般将来时，先行词是impact，在定语从句中作主语，从句中that作主语指代“影响”impact和谓语“忽视”ignore是被动关系，“不容忽视”是情态动词的否定加be done表示，故翻译为The colour and design of public places will have an impact on society that cannot be ignored.
74. “买一送一”是常见的促销手段，但赠品质量却往往不尽如人意。（far from）(汉译英)
【答案】“Buy one and get one free” is a common means of promotion, but the quality of those gifts is often far from satisfactory.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。分析句意可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“买一送一”是Buy one and get one free，“常见的促销手段”是a common means of promotion，前面be动词用is，“赠品质量”是the quality of those gifts，“却往往不尽如人意”是is often far from satisfactory，因此整句话翻译为““Buy one and get one free” is a common means of promotion, but the quality of those gifts is often far from satisfactory”。故答案为“Buy one and get one free” is a common means of promotion, but the quality of those gifts is often far from satisfactory.。
75. 博物馆推出的这些活动，在满足人们多样的需求的同时，也让传统文化火起来、潮起来。(not only) (汉译英)
【答案】These activities launched by the museum not only meet people’s diverse needs, but also make traditional culture more popular and fashionable.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词，时态，主谓一致和形容词。“博物馆推出的这些活动”是these activities launched by the museum，“在……的同时，也……”是not only...but also...，句子时态用一般现在时，“满足人们多样的需求”是meet people’s diverse needs，“让传统文化火起来、潮起来”是make traditional culture more popular and fashionable，因此整句话翻译为“These activities launched by the museum not only meet people’s diverse needs, but also make traditional culture more popular and fashionable”。故答案为These activities launched by the museum not only meet people’s diverse needs, but also make traditional culture more popular and fashionable.
VI. Guided Writing
76 Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到好友王磊的邮件。在邮件中，王磊表示自己因为拖延症(procrastination)而耽误了重要事情，想请你提一些建议，如何克服拖延症。回复一封邮件，内容须包括：
1）你的建议
2）你的理由
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Wang Lei,
I am glad to hear from you. I know you are not satisfied with your procrastination. Procrastination has negative effects on our life, which bothers many people. Now I am writing to give you some suggestions to get rid of it.
Firstly, we can write down our tasks in a visible place with their due dates. Additionally, we can tell our family or friends about our goal because they will motivate us along the way. Last but not least, reward ourselves for a job well done.
Hopefully, my suggestions will be of help to you.
Yours,
Li Ming
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给好友王磊写封信，给他一些克服拖延症的建议，并说明理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
建议：suggestion→advice
另外：additionally→moreover
摆脱：get rid of→rid oneself of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Hopefully, my suggestions will be of help to you.
拓展句：I hope that my suggestions will be of help to you.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Procrastination has negative effects on our life, which bothers many people. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Additionally, we can tell our family or friends about our goal because they will motivate us along the way. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句)
2022学年第一学期期中考试
高三英语
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. At a laundry. B. At a furniture shop. C. At a restaurant. D. At a bus station.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Excuse me, where is my order? I’ve been sitting here for almost half an hour.
W: I’m sorry, sir. Pizzas take some time to bake.
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. A hairdresser. B. A waitress. C. A police officer. D. An insurance agent.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】W: What can I do for you?
M: My wife and I would like to know something about life insurance. Could you give us some suggestions?
Q: Who is most probably the woman?
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The concert has already been canceled. B. She needs to check first.
C. No ticket is available for next Sunday. D. She is fully occupied next Sunday.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Excuse me, have you got any seats available for the concert next Sunday?
W: No, I’m afraid Sunday is fully booked.
Q: What does the woman mean?
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. At 20:25. B. At 22:25. C. At 16:25. D. At 18:25.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】W: Attention please. Flight MU 146 from Hong Kong has arrived.
M: It’s now 20:25. It’s been delayed for two hours!
Q: When was the flight supposed to arrive?
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. David should invest more in stocks. B. It’s unwise to make such an investment.
C. It’s better for him to take out his savings. D. David has the last say in decision-making.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: You know, I have recently invested all my savings in stocks.
W: Really? That’s the last thing I would do, David.
Q: What does the woman mean?
6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. To a bank. B. To Macao. C. To a travel agency. D. To a gymnasium.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: I need some cash for my trip to Macao tomorrow. I will run and get some.
W: I will go with you. I need some fresh air and exercise.
Q: Where will the speakers most probably go next?
7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The advisor has already approved the man’s class schedule.
B. The man should make an appointment to see his advisor.
C. The advisor must sign the document before leaving.
D. The man should change his course schedule.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: I already know what I want to take next semester. So why do I have to make an appointment to see my advisor? All I need is her signature on my course sheet.
W: I’m afraid it doesn’t work that way. She has to talk with you to make sure everything is on the right track.
Q: What does the woman mean?
8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. She noticed that the students didn’t do their homework.
B. She didn’t teach any class today.
C. She usually assigns homework.
D. She usually talks quietly.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Prof. Smith sure was acting strangely today.
M: I noticed that too She was talking so quietly and then not giving us any homework. Can you believe that?
Q: What can be inferred about Prof. Smith?
9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. His house can accommodate a meeting of the entire committee.
B. The woman should find out when the meeting starts.
C. The meeting should be held at the library.
D. A smaller committee should be formed.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: I think we should hold our first committee meeting in one of the meeting rooms of the library. So far, there are 8 of us who plan to come.
M: If there weren’t more than four, I’d say that we have it over at my place. But with 8 of us, I guess I’d have to get along with your suggestion.
Q: What does the man imply?
10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. She needs to decide on a method soon.
B. She doesn’t have time to collect the data.
C. She prefers to wait until after the election.
D. She’ll send out the questionnaire in a month.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: I just don’t know if you should call everyone to collect the data or just send out a questionnaire. But you’d better make a decision soon.
W: I know, there is only one month till the election.
Q: What does the woman mean?
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11.
A. Running round the world.
B. Becoming an extraordinary actor.
C. Being selected as a professional runner.
D. Setting off on a 5,000 km run every day.
12.
A. He doesn’t have the intention to make friends. B. He doesn’t have enough proper training.
C. He doesn’t have necessary equipment. D. He doesn’t have an assistant.
13.
A. Baker could run 60 kilometres a day.
B. Baker was a born long-distance runner.
C. Baker had problems dealing with animals.
D. Baker should think twice before starting to run.
【答案】11. A 12. D 13. A
【解析】
原文】 Clive Baker will shortly be setting off on a 50,000 km run, hoping to add his name to the very small and select list of people who have performed the extraordinary act of running all the way round the world. On the run he will experience extremes of temperature, from the freezing Russian winter to the burning African summer. As if that is not bad enough, he has no back-up team for assistance and will be running alone, carrying all his equipment on his back. When interviewed, however, Mr Baker suggested the real problem would lie elsewhere. ‘My biggest fear is not the physical challenge, but loneliness,’ Mr Baker said. ‘I’m as sociable as anyone and I’m very hopeful that, despite the difficulties that lie ahead, I will still be able to form many friendships on the way.’ On a trial of 2,000 km, run under the heat of the African sun, he came across wild chimpanzees and poisonous snakes, but such dangers have not put him off. His trial run proved that a target of 60 kilometres a day was reasonable. ‘I have made up my mind to do it and I will. Running is my life,’ he said.
Questions
1. What aim does Clive Baker hope to fulfill?
2. What can be learned about Baker’s next run from the passage?
3. What did the trial of 2,000 km prove?
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. Why do airports have to look good?
A. They represent international significance.
B. They need keep up with air travel growth.
C. They are symbols of a city’s development.
D. They are designed by well-known architects.
15. What do airports provide to meet the competition and customer demand?
A. Notice of flights’ delay. B. Luxurious departure halls.
C. Road and rail connections. D. Nearby shopping areas.
16. Why are airports often located far away from cities?
A. Aircraft are noisier than before.
B. Aircraft are getting larger in size.
C. Aircraft need much space to land and take off.
D. Aircraft need regular examination with engines.
【答案】14. A 15. C 16. C
【解析】
【原文】Because of the recent growth in air travel, airports have become more than ever before symbols of international importance. They therefore have to look good and are frequently designed by well-known architects. In addition to this, competition and customer demand mean that airports generally have to have impressive facilities nowadays. For instance, there are comfortable departure halls, where passengers can wait before their flight takes off, luxurious restaurants, shopping areas and banks. Good road and rail connections with nearby towns and cities are also essential, with large numbers of people need to get to and from the airport quickly and efficiently. However, it is becoming increasingly difficult to find land on which to build airports. One reason for this is that aircraft, despite improvement in engine design, are still very noisy, and need a considerable amount of space in which to land and take off. This of course means that crowded residential areas need to be avoided, so, unfortunately, travellers often find that the airport they need to use might be situated at an inconvenient distance from the city.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17.
A. The woman’s career development.
B. The woman’s contributions as an editor.
C. What the woman thinks of being an editor.
D. What has inspired the woman to work for magazines.
18.
A. The weekly column she wrote. B. The wishes of her family.
C. The books she read then. D. Her schoolmates and teachers.
19.
A. Its owners agreed with her philosophy.
B. It enabled her to realise her own dream.
C. It started to make a profit before she resigned.
D. Its sales volume increased while she was working there.
20.
A. She puts her preference before readers’.
B. She prints famous people’s photos on its cover.
C. She draws readers’ attention with serious pieces.
D. She gives its articles a wonderful opening line.
【答案】17. A 18. C 19. D 20. D
【解析】
【原文】M: Tina White, some people describe you as the best magazine editor in the world. Can you tell us how you started your amazing career?
W: Well, when I was twenty, still at college, I was asked to write a weekly column for a local paper. The paper had wanted me to write about famous people. Instead, what I did was to concentrate on people who the general public didn’t know, but who had something original to say.
M: At that early stage, your family was important. How far did they influence your career choice?
W: My father was a film producer, and my childhood was spent around international actors and directors, so with such influences, I should have become an actress. But I chose to be a journalist in spite of the wishes of my family. I think the biggest influence was my school, not so much the people but the materials it gave me access to … the hours and hours spent in the library.
M: From being a journalist, you then went on to become an editor. I understand the first magazine you edited, Female Focus, wasn’t much of a success?
W: Well, I was the editor for a year, and then I resigned, mainly because of disagreements with the owners. They were reluctant to change things, because they had faith it would eventually make a profit. When I took over, it was selling around six hundred and fifty thousand copies. That soon increased to eight hundred thousand, so it was certainly an improvement.
M: And now you are editing Woman’s World, and you’ve made it the best-selling women’s magazine ever. How do you make people want to read it?
W: For some of my competitors, the most important point is what you put on the cover of your magazine. But they forget faithful readers look beyond that. The real challenge is, how do you encourage a reader to read a serious piece? How are we going to make it an article that people want to read? You have to get their attention. And nothing does that better than a very lively, even shocking opening line.
Questions
1. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?
2. According to the woman, which of the following influenced her most while she was at college?
3. What did the woman say about the first magazine she edited?
4. According to the woman, what does she do to make people want to read her magazine?
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Why Do you Think They Call It Junk?
We know that takeaways and highly processed foods are bad for us, but just how bad? I’ve recently been involved in a TV programme, The Junk Food Experiment, in ___21___ we asked six British celebrities to live on a junk food diet for three weeks. ___22___ was so disturbing was just how quickly they became sick, to the point where the series doctor told three of the celebrities—Olympic athlete Tess Sanderson, Made in Chelsea star Hugo Taylor and actress Hayley Tammadon—___23___ (pull) out.
___24___ this documentary involved only a small number of subjects, it did point to a wider truth: junk food has a far more dangerous effect on us than most people imagine.
The most obvious link is obesity (肥胖). We Brits, lovers___25___ fast food, are the fattest people in Europe. We put away around 22 million takeaway meals a week, and the number of junk food outlets on our high streets ___26___ (continue) to increase—up a third since 2010 to more than 52,000—while processed foods such as snacks, desserts or ready-to-eat meals now make up more than half the diet of the average adult in Britain.
In a US study, 20 adults of healthy weight were asked to come into a lab and live for two weeks on processed foods, ___27___ (follow) by two weeks of healthy, home-cooked meals. The different meals contained roughly the same amounts of fat, sugar, salt and carbs, but volunteers ate 500 more calories a day when eating processed foods than when eating real food. As a result, they put on ___28___ average of 0.77kg on the processed diet, while they lost 1.08kg on the healthy diet.
Piling on the bad news, in another recent report a team from California’s Loma Linda University reviewed data from over 240,000 telephone surveys, and found that consumption of fried takeaway foods and those ___29___ (contain) lots of sugar was strongly linked with depression, even when age, education and income ___30___ (take) into account.
【答案】21. which
22. What 23. to pull
24. Although##Though##While
25. of 26. continues
27. followed
28. an 29. containing
30. were taken
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述研究表明，垃圾食品对我们的危害远比大多数人想象的要大。
【21题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我最近参加了一个名为“垃圾食品实验”的电视节目，在这个节目中，我们让六位英国名人在三周内吃垃圾食品。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是a TV programme，关系在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
【22题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：非常令人不安的是他们很快就生病了，以至于剧中的医生告诉三位名人——奥运运动员Tess Sanderson、《切尔西制造》明星Hugo Taylor和女演员Hayley Tammadon——退出。分析句子可知，空处引导主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，表示“非常令人不安的事情”，应用what引导，首字母大写。故填What。
【23题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意同上。tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事，故此处用动词不定式。故填to pull。
【24题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然这部纪录片只涉及了一小部分主题，但它确实指出了一个更广泛的事实：垃圾食品对我们的危害远比大多数人想象的要大。结合句意可知，此处表示“虽然”，用although、though或while引导让步状语从句，首字母应大写。故填Although/Though/While。
【25题详解】
考查介词。句意：我们热爱快餐的英国人是欧洲最胖的人。此处表示“快餐的热爱者”，表示“……的”用介词of。故填of。
【26题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们每周吃掉约2200万份外卖，而商业街上的垃圾食品门店数量自2010年以来持续增加——增加了三分之一，达到52,000多家——而加工食品，如零食、甜点或即食食品，现在占据了英国成年人平均膳食的一半以上。根据前一个分句时态及语境可知，此处是描述一个一般性事实，应用一般现在时，“the number of+名词”作主语，此处谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填continues。
【27题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：在美国的一项研究中，20名体重正常的成年人被要求进入实验室，在两周内吃加工食品，然后两周内吃健康的家庭烹饪食物。动词follow和逻辑主语foods之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语，故填followed。
【28题详解】
考查不定冠词。句意：结果，食用加工食品的人平均增重0.77公斤，而食用健康食品的人平均减重1.08公斤。an average of平均有，固定短语。故填an。
【29题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：更糟糕的是，在最近的另一份报告中，来自加州洛马琳达大学的一个研究小组回顾了24万多份电话调查数据，发现油炸外卖食品和那些含大量糖的食品的消费与抑郁症密切相关，即使把年龄、教育和收入都考虑在内。动词contain和逻辑主语those之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作定语，故填containing。
【30题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处是when引导的时间状语从句的谓语部分，结合上文时态及语境可知，此处是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，且主语age, education and income和动词take之间是被动关系，故此处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，be动词用were。故填were taken。
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. appear B. faded C. immediately D. ordinary E. overlooked F. pairings
G. progressively H. signals I. translate J. underwent K. unexpected
Mixing senses: synaesthesia taught to adults
Brain training for synaesthesia — where you mix up sensory information — may be just around the corner. People have been taught to experience a form of synaesthesia where letters ___31___ as certain colours, in their everyday life.
By the end of the nine-week course, most of the volunteers were seeing text in the real world take on particular colours, on road signs, for example. “The colour ___32___ pops into my head as soon as I saw the words on the road sign,” said one participant.
Synaesthesia is thought to result from people’s brains developing in such a way that their sensory ___33___ get mixed up. So “Tuesday” might evoke (导致) the colour pink, for example, or the word “tree” might taste like popcorn. Early life experiences may play a role — some synaesthetes report that their letter-colour ___34___ match the colours of a childhood alphabet or fridge magnets. But is it something you can learn as an adult?
Two years ago researchers made some aspects of the condition by getting people to read books where some of the letters were printed in certain colours. This improved their scores on tests but didn’t ___35___ out of the lab.
What if people ___36___ more intense training? Daniel Bor at the University of Sussex, UK, gave people daily half-hour training courses to teach them 13 letter-colour associations, using ___37___ harder tasks. The volunteers also practised with specially coloured e-books. As well as passing the lab tests, 9 of the 14 volunteers reported seeing coloured letters to varying extents when they read ___38___ black text. Many saw effects by week five, and some had synaesthetic experiences daily. Their power ___39___ once the training stopped.
The training had a(n) ___40___ benefit too. The volunteers gained 12 points in IQ tests by the end of training. However, this may be a general benefit of intensive training with memory-related tasks, says Bor, who adds that he may in future put the training tools online.
【答案】31. A 32. C
33. H 34. F
35. I 36. J
37. G 38. D
39. B 40. K
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种心理现象——联觉。同时介绍了一个培养成年人联觉的实验。
31题详解】
考查动词。句意：人们被教导在日常生活中体验一种联觉形式，字母以特定的颜色出现。分析句子，设空处应该使用动词作where引导定语从句中的谓语动词。句子表述客观事实，故用一般现在时，同时主语为letters，是复数，后动词用原形。表示“出现”用appear。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查副词。句意：一名参与者说：“当我看到路标上的字时，我的脑海中立刻出现了这种颜色。”分析句子，设空处应该使用副词作状语修饰动词pops。表示“立即地”用immediately。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：联觉被认为是由于人们的大脑发育以一种感觉信号混淆的方式产生的。分析句子，设空处应该使用名词作从句主语。表示“信号”用复数名词signals。故选H。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：早期的生活经历可能起了作用——一些联觉者报告说，他们的字母颜色配对与童年字母表或冰箱贴的颜色匹配。分析句子，设空处应该使用名词作从句主语。表示“颜色配对”用color pairings。故选F。
【35题详解】
考查动词。句意：这提高了他们的测试成绩，但并没有在实验室之外发挥作用。设空处置于助动词didn’t之后，故应该使用动词作谓语。动词translate (（使）转变；（以某种方式）理解)符合句意，此处表示“在实验室之外产生作用”。故选I。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果人们接受更高强度的训练呢？分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表述过去发生事实，应用一般过去时。表示“接受，承受”用undergo，过去式为underwent。故选J。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：英国苏塞克斯大学的丹尼尔·博尔每天给人们上半小时的培训课程，教他们13种字母颜色的关联，并逐步增加难度。分析句子，设空处使用副词作状语修饰动词using。表示“逐步地”用progressively。故选G。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：除了通过实验室测试外，14名志愿者中有9人报告说，当他们阅读普通的黑色文字时，他们在不同程度上看到了彩色字母。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语修饰black text。表示“普通的”用ordinary。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查动词。句意：一旦训练停止，它们的力量就消失了。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。根据后文的stopped可知，此处应该使用一般过去时。表示“消失，消逝”用fade，过去式为faded。故选B。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这种训练还有一个意想不到的好处。分析句子，设空处使用形容词作定语修饰名词benefit。表示“意想不到的”用形容词unexpected。故选K。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In The Debunking (揭穿真相) Handbook, a short guide published in 2011, John Cook, at George Mason University, and Stephan Lewandowsky, at the University of Bristol, looked at the world-view backfire effect, the idea that if a correction of a false claim disagrees with your world view, it strengthens the ___41___. Jason Reifler at the University of Exeter found this in his Iraq study, but he points out that the effect only appeared in two out of five experiments.
What’s more, although some later studies have seen similar results, many haven’t seen the effect at all. This suggests it is much ___42___ than Reifler’s work suggested, which he thinks is fantastic news.
But whatever you do, don’t point this out, or turn to ___43___ (“You’re wrong!”, “You’re ignorant”.). Instead, listen and ask questions that ___44___ why someone has those opinions (“What makes you think that?”).
The good news is that social events are ___45___ situations for correcting myths. Assuming there is at least some trust between you, the other person will probably hear you out. And corrections from credible, trusted sources are more ___46___. There’s also far more time to discuss the topic ___47___ than compared with, say, interactions on social media.
The bad news is that even with all this in mind, you are still unlikely to ___48___ someone, especially if you are challenging their world view. Corrections that are totally different from one’s world view are by-and-large ineffective, especially in conservative people.
So why even ___49___? Firstly, people are much less likely to spread false information if they are held accountable for it, says Reifler. ___50___ your relatives’ false claims may make them think twice before spreading nonsense on another occasion.
And always ___51___ the other people in the room. Even if you do not change your Aunt Susan’s mind, you may sow a seed in your nieces’ and nephews’ minds.
Indeed, Cook thinks there is little chance of changing the minds of, say, the 7 per cent of people in the US who are very ___52___ that global warming isn’t happening at all. Instead, he thinks we should ___53___ the majority still open to persuasion. His studies show that people are less likely to fall for false arguments if they are warned against them. ___54___, forewarn them about the problem of false balance in the media and their views won’t change when they read an article full of false-balance quotes. Those who are not warned become more ___55___ their judgement.
41. A. association B. offensiveness C. probability D. misconception
42. A. harder B. rarer C. more diverse D. more important
43. A. reactions B. judgements C. forecasts D. reasons
44. A. reveal B. avoid C. define D. link
45. A. frustrating B. excellent C. familiar D. occasional
46. A. widespread B. deliberate C. inevitable D. effective
47. A. in person B. in detail C. on purpose D. on business
48. A. encourage B. impress C. surprise D. convince
49. A. try B. stop C. move D. wait
50. A. Validating B. Investigating C. Questioning D. Understanding
51. A. support B. locate C. interview D. consider
52. A. aware B. happy C. sure D. disappointed
53. A. make up B. look up to C. focus on D. set out on
54. A. For instance B. What’s more C. As a result D. On the contrary
55. A. surprised at B. doubtful of C. curious of D. annoyed at
【答案】41. D 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. B 46. D 47. A 48. D 49. A 50. C 51. D 52. C 53. C 54. A 55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在2011年出版的简短指南《揭穿手册》中，John Cook和Stephan Lewandowsky研究了世界观的逆火效应，即如果对错误主张的纠正与你的世界观不一致，就会强化误解。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在2011年出版简短指南《揭穿手册》(The Debunking Handbook)中，George Mason University的John Cook和University of Bristol的Stephan Lewandowsky研究了世界观的逆火效应，即如果对错误主张的纠正与你的世界观不一致，就会强化误解。A. association联系；B. offensiveness冒犯；C. probability可能性；D. misconception误解。根据上文“a correction of a false claim disagrees with your world view”可知，如果对错误主张的纠正与你的世界观不一致，就会强化误解。故选D。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这表明它比Reifler的研究表明的要罕见得多，他认为这是一个极好的消息。A. harder更难的；B. rarer更罕见的；C. more diverse更加多样化的；D. more important更重要的。根据上文“many haven’t seen the effect at all”可知，句子表示“这表明它比Reifler的研究表明的要罕见得多”。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但无论你做什么，都不要指出这一点，或做出判断(“你错了！，“你太无知了”)。A. reactions反应；B. judgements判断；C. forecasts预报；D. reasons原因。根据下文““You’re wrong!”, “You’re ignorant””可知，括号里内容是对人的判断。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，倾听并问一些问题来揭示为什么别人会有这些观点(“你为什么这么想？”)。A. reveal揭示；B. avoid避免；C. define下定义；D. link连接。根据下文“why someone has those opinions (“What makes you think that?”)”可知，此处表示“倾听并问一些问题来揭示为什么别人会有这些观点（”。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：好消息是，社会事件是纠正错误的观点的绝佳场合。A. frustrating令人沮丧的；B. excellent极好的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. occasional偶尔的。根据上文“The good news”可知，好消息是，社会事件是纠正错误的观点的绝佳场合。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而来自可靠的、值得信赖的来源的纠正更有效。A. widespread广泛的；B. deliberate故意的；C. inevitable不可避免的；D. effective有效的。根据上文“corrections from credible, trusted sources”可知，来自可靠的、值得信赖的来源的纠正更有效。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：与社交媒体上的互动相比，面对面讨论话题的时间要多得多。A. in person亲自；B. in detail详细地；C. on purpose故意地；D. on business出差。根据下文“compared with, say, interactions on social media”可知，与社交媒体上的互动相比，面对面即亲自讨论话题的时间要多得多，。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：坏消息是，即使你心里有这些想法，你仍然不太可能说服别人，尤其是当你在挑战他们的世界观时。A. encourage鼓励；B. impress使印象深刻；C. surprise使惊讶；D. convince说服。结合常识，纠正别人是为了说服别人。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么为什么还要尝试呢？A. try尝试；B. stop阻止；C. move移动；D. wait等待。根据上文“Corrections that are totally different from one’s world view are by-and-large ineffective, especially in conservative people”可知，既然纠正别人是没有效果的，那么为什么还要尝试呢。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：质疑你亲戚的虚假说法可能会让他们在下次胡说八道之前三思而后行。A. Validating批准；B. Investigating调查；C. Questioning质疑；D. Understanding理解。根据下文“your relatives’ false claims”可知，质疑你亲戚的虚假说法。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：还要时刻考虑房间里的其他人。A. support支持；B. locate确定……的位置；C. interview采访；D. consider考虑。根据下文“Even if you do not change your Aunt Susan’s mind, you may sow a seed in your nieces’ and nephews’ minds”可知，此处表示“还要时刻考虑房间里的其他人”。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，库克认为，几乎不可能改变美国7%的人的想法，他们非常确信全球变暖根本没有发生。A. aware意识到的；B. happy高兴的；C. sure确信的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文“7 per cent of people in the US”和下文“that global warming isn’t happening at all”可知，此处表示“几乎不可能改变美国7%的人的想法，他们非常确信全球变暖根本没有发生”。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：相反，他认为我们应该关注那些仍然愿意接受说服的大多数人。A. make up编造；B. look up to尊敬；C. focus on关注；D. set out on启程。根据下文“the majority still open to persuasion”可知，此处表示“我们应该关注那些仍然愿意接受说服的大多数人”。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：例如，预先警告他们媒体上的虚假平衡问题，他们的观点不会在他们读到一篇充满虚假平衡引用的文章时改变。A. For instance例如；B. What’s more另外；C. As a result结果；D. On the contrary相反。根据下文“forewarn them about the problem of false balance in the media and their views won’t change when they read an article full of false-balance quotes”可知，下文是举的一个例子，空格处意为“例如”。故选A。
【55题详解】
考查形容词短语辨析。句意：那些没有得到警告的人会更加怀疑自己的判断力。A. surprised at对……感到惊讶；B. doubtful of对……怀疑；C. curious of对……好奇的；D. annoyed at对……生气的。根据上文“His studies show that people are less likely to fall for false arguments if they are warned against them”可知，那些没有得到警告的人会更加怀疑自己的判断力。故选B。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Once you choose to become an actor, many people who you thought were your closest friends will tell you you’re crazy, though some may react quite differently. No two people will give you the same advice. But it is a very personal choice you are making, and only you can take responsibility for yourself and for realising your ambition.
There are no easy ways of getting there — no written examination to pass, and no absolute guarantee that when you have successfully completed your training you will automatically make your way in the profession. It’s a matter of luck plus talent.
I have frequently been asked to define this magical thing called talent, which everyone is looking out for. I believe it is best described as natural skill plus imagination — the latter being the most difficult quality to assess. And it has a lot to do with the person’s courage and their belief in what they are doing and the way they are putting it across.
Where does the desire to act come from? It is often very difficult to put into words your own reasons for wanting to act. Certainly, in the theatre the significant thing is that moment of contact between the actor on the stage and a particular audience. And making this brief contact is central to all acting, wherever it takes place — it is what drives all actors to act.
If you ask actors how they have done well in the profession, the response will most likely be a shrug. They will not know. They will know certain things about themselves and aspects of their own technique and the techniques of others. But they will take nothing for granted, because they know that they are only as good as their current job, and that their fame may not continue.
Disappointment is the greatest enemy of the actor. Last month you may have been out of work, selling clothes or waitressing. Suddenly you are asked to audition (试镜) for a part, but however much you want the job, the truth is that it maybe denied you. So actors tend not to talk about their chances. They come up with ways of protecting themselves against the stress of competing for a part and the possibility of rejection.
56. If you decide to take up acting, you may well receive a lot of _____ from your close friends.
A. encouragement B. sympathy
C. jealousy D. objection
57. Which of the following is the writer most likely to agree with in terms of acting?
A. Good actors know very well about their secret of success.
B. Talented actors are usually those with a vivid imagination.
C. There should be training and exams to qualify potential actors.
D. Not all actors like the contact with the audience while on the stage.
58. What does the writer imply about disappointment?
A. It is what actors often talk about.
B. Actors should compete to avoid it.
C. Actors should get accustomed to it.
D. It will surely affect actors’ performance.
59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. So you want to be an actor
B. Wanting to be an actor? Don’t hesitate
C. Why acting appeals to young people?
D. Acting: riskier than expected
【答案】56. D 57. B 58. C 59. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了一旦你选择成为一名演员，许多朋友会认为你疯了，但是只有你才能为自己和实现自己的抱负承担责任。作者在文中提供了一些关于演艺的知识。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Once you choose to become an actor, many people who you thought were your closest friends will tell you you’re crazy, though some may react quite differently. No two people will give you the same advice. (一旦你选择成为一名演员，许多你认为是你最亲密的朋友的人会告诉你你疯了，尽管有些人的反应可能截然不同)”可知，如果你决定从事表演，你很可能会收到很多密友的反对。故选D。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“I believe it is best described as natural skill plus imagination—the latter being the most difficult quality to assess. And it has a lot to do with the person’s courage and their belief in what they are doing and the way they are putting it across. (我认为最好用自然技能加上想象力来形容，后者是最难评估的品质。这与这个人的勇气、他们对自己所做的事情的信念以及他们表达的方式有很大关系)”可知，就演出而言，作者最可能同意天才演员通常是那些想象力丰富的演员的说法。故选B。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Disappointment is the greatest enemy of the actor. Last month you may have been out of work, selling clothes or waitressing. Suddenly you are asked to audition (试镜) for a part, but however much you want the job, the truth is that it maybe denied you. So actors tend not to talk about their chances. They come up with ways of protecting themselves against the stress of competing for a part and the possibility of rejection. (失望是演员最大的敌人。上个月你可能失业了，卖衣服或当服务员。突然，你被要求试镜一个角色，但不管你多么想要这份工作，事实是它可能会拒绝你。所以演员们往往不会谈论自己的机会。他们想出了保护自己免受竞争角色压力和被拒绝可能性的方法)”可知，关于失望，作者暗示演员应该习惯它。故选C。
【59题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Once you choose to become an actor, many people who you thought were your closest friends will tell you you’re crazy, though some may react quite differently. No two people will give you the same advice. (一旦你选择成为一名演员，许多你认为是你最亲密的朋友的人会告诉你你疯了，尽管有些人的反应可能截然不同) ”可知，本文讲述了你想成为演员，就要靠自己，以及在下文提供了一些关于演艺的知识。由此可知，“所以你想成为一名演员”适合作本文最佳标题。作者以总结的口吻提出了你的愿望，是最佳标题。故选A。
(B)
Time has always been of great interest to scientist…
Theory 1: According to Caltech cosmologist (宇宙学家) Dr Sean Carroll, the flow of time from past to future may be the symptom of our Universe having emerged from another universe that existed before the Big Bang and then gave birth to our own.
Theory 2: In 1967, two American theorists came up with an equation describing the quantum (量子) state of the whole Universe. Known as the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, it includes many key features of the universe, such as its size. But one aspect is absent: time. Some theorists believe this implies that time only exists in our minds.
Theory 3: According to theorist Prof Lee Smolin at the Perimeter Institute, Canada, the existence of life in the Universe is the result of the laws of physics evolving to their current state over an unlimited number of previous universes. If true, this means that our very existence is proof that time does exist.
Theory 4: In 2009, physicists at the universities of Bristol and Cambridge showed that the passing of time revealed by, say, the cooling of a cup of tea, may be due to quantum effect called ‘entanglement’. This involves the particles (粒子) in the team interacting with their surroundings, being bound together and becoming harder to distinguish from each other—a one-way process that requires the forward progression of time to occur.
Theory 5: Dark energy, the mysterious anti-gravitational force that drives the expansion of the Universe, may be linked to the existence of the arrow of time. Last year, two cosmologists at the Yerevan Physics Institute showed that dark energy leads to the growth of entropy, a measure of disorder, in the Universe.
60. All the five theories imply that _____.
A. time is flexible B. time is constant
C. time does go forth and back D. time does exist in some way
61. Which theory doesn’t include time?
A. Theory 1. B. Theory 2.
C. Theory 3. D. Theory 4.
62. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of dark energy?
A. It leads to the existence of multi-universities.
B. It is what keeps the universe in order.
C. It increases in strength with gravity.
D. It is what makes the universe get bigger.
【答案】60. D 61. B 62. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了关于时间的五个理论。
【60题详解】
推理判断题。根据Theory 1 中“According to Caltech cosmologist (宇宙学家) Dr Sean Carroll, the flow of time from past to future may be the symptom of our Universe having emerged from another universe(根据加州理工大学宇宙学家肖恩·卡罗尔博士的说法，时间从过去到未来流动可能是我们的宇宙从另一个宇宙中出现的症状)”、Theory 2中“Some theorists believe this implies that time only exists in our minds.(一些理论家认为，这意味着时间只存在于我们的头脑中)”、Theory 3中“If true, this means that our very existence is proof that time does exist.(如果这是真的，这意味着我们的存在本身就是时间确实存在的证明)”、Theory 4中“a one-way process that requires the forward progression of time to occur(这是一个单向的过程，需要时间向前推移才能发生)”以及Theory 5中“Dark energy, the mysterious anti-gravitational force that drives the expansion of the Universe, may be linked to the existence of the arrow of time.(暗能量，一种神秘的反引力，驱动着宇宙的膨胀，可能与时间箭头的存在有关)”可知，五个理论都暗示了时间以某种形式确实存在。故选D。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据Theory 2中“In 1967, two American theorists came up with an equation describing the quantum (量子) state of the whole Universe. Known as the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, it includes many key features of the universe, such as its size. But one aspect is absent: time.(1967年，两位美国理论家提出了一个描述整个宇宙量子态的方程。它被称为Wheeler-DeWitt方程，包含了宇宙的许多关键特征，比如它的大小。但有一个方面是缺失的：时间)”可知，理论2不包括时间。故选B。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据Theory 5中“Dark energy, the mysterious anti-gravitational force that drives the expansion of the Universe, may be linked to the existence of the arrow of time.(暗能量，一种神秘的反引力，驱动着宇宙的膨胀，可能与时间箭头的存在有关)”可知，暗能量驱动着宇宙的膨胀。故选D。
(C)
Eating out goes a long way back. The Romans had their pubs serving set meals and cook shops called thermopolia selling hot ready-to-eat dishes. In the Middle Ages, inns would provide buffets of cold meats or roasts to serve the many people who didn’t have kitchens. Before the revolution in France, there were plenty of places where you could eat out but fine dining was something enjoyed merely by the aristocracy (贵族) in the comfort of their own homes.
In 18th-century France, while the aristocrats were enjoying food prepared by personal chefs, cold winters and oppressive taxation had left most of the French population unable to afford bread. When the starving masses finally took to the streets of Paris in 1789, commonly known as the French Revolution, the aristocrats fled to the countryside, leaving their chefs and their fine wines behind. Both found their way to the cities’ existing eateries and within a year, a host of new elegant restaurants with extensive menus had been established.
“These restaurants were a microcosm (缩影) of the New France,” says David Gilks, a lecturer in Modern European History at the University of East Anglia. “They were the places where the nouveau riche, who had profited from the revolution, were to be seen. There were still shortages of basic food stuffs in many parts of Paris but in the nicer parts you would see people enjoying fine food in elegant surroundings.”
In the 1760s the merchants of Paris developed a taste for light soups known as “restoratives” or “restaurants”, and dining halls where customers could sit at individual tables and have them began popping up around the city.
The new post-revolutionary restaurants took their names from these and the new class of French businessmen, booming in the early 19th century when Napoleon decided that if people were enjoying food and drinks, they’d be unlikely to rebel again. Citizens were granted the “freedom of pleasure” and restaurants began to compete with each other. They were featured in travelogues and became tourist attractions in their own right.
“Intended or not, restaurants can signpost both the decline and success of an Empire,” says William Sitwell, author of The Restaurant: A History of Eating Out. “The extraordinary advancement of the dining scene of ancient Pompeii was indicative of the Roman Empire’s vision breadth and booming. The dark restaurant scene of the United Kingdom in the 1940s after World War II showed quite how the horrors of conflict had damaged the country’s food, culture and taste.”
63. Which of the following is a consequence of the French Revolution?
A. Most personal chefs were left unemployed.
B. Eateries found their way to the countryside.
C. Fine dining no longer just belonged to the aristocrats.
D. There were almost no shortages of basic food stuffs in Paris.
64. What can be learned about the word “restaurant” from the passage?
A. It was coined by the nouveau riche.
B. It originally referred to a type of food.
C. It came into being after the French Revolution.
D. It was first defined as the “freedom of pleasure”.
65. What can be inferred from William Sitwell’s comments on restaurants?
A. They are symbols of transformation.
B. They are the result of development.
C. They lost their appeal to British people in the 1940s.
D. They made their first appearance in ancient Pompeii.
66. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The national vision of eating out. B. The varying popularity of restaurants.
C. The unintended purposes of eating out. D. The history and evolution of restaurants.
【答案】63. C 64. B 65. A 66. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了餐馆的历史和进化过程。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Both found their way to the cities’ existing eateries and within a year, a host of new elegant restaurants with extensive menus had been established.(它们都走向了城市现有的餐馆的道路，在一年之内，一大批菜单丰富的新的优雅餐厅已经建立起来)”以及第三段中“There were still shortages of basic food stuffs in many parts of Paris but in the nicer parts you would see people enjoying fine food in elegant surroundings.(在巴黎的许多地方，基本食物仍然短缺，但在较好的地方，你会看到人们在优雅的环境中享受美食)”可知，法国大革命致使餐厅和美食不再是贵族专属。故选C。
【64题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Romans had their pubs serving set meals and cook shops called thermopolia selling hot ready-to-eat dishes. In the Middle Ages, inns would provide buffets of cold meats or roasts to serve the many people who didn’t have kitchens.(罗马人的酒吧提供套餐和名为thermopolia的烹饪店，出售热腾腾的即食菜肴。在中世纪，小旅馆会提供冷肉或烤肉的自助餐，为许多没有厨房的人服务)”可知，“restaurant”一词最初是指一种食物。故选B。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中William Sitwell说的话“Intended or not, restaurants can signpost both the decline and success of an Empire(无论有意无意，餐馆都可以标志一个帝国的衰落和成功)”及“The extraordinary advancement of the dining scene of ancient Pompeii was indicative of the Roman Empire’s vision breadth and booming. The dark restaurant scene of the United Kingdom in the 1940s after World War II showed quite how the horrors of conflict had damaged the country’s food, culture and taste.(古代庞贝的饮食场面的非凡进步，表明了罗马帝国的视野广度和蓬勃发展。第二次世界大战后40年代英国黑暗的餐馆场景很好地展示了恐怖的冲突是如何破坏这个国家的食物、文化和品味的)”可知，从他的话可以得出，餐馆是变革的象征。故选A。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Eating out goes a long way back.(外出就餐的历史可以追溯到很久以前)”可知，文章主要介绍了餐馆的历史和进化过程。故选D。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Authenticating Sushi … and Picassos
A recent study of the seafood industry by Oceana, a conservation group, found that, nationwide, grocery stores mislabeled nearly one-fifth of all the fish they sold. Sushi restaurants were even worse, serving a fish other than what was promised on the menu three-quarters of the time. ___67___ But some merchants seemed to substitute cheap fish like tilapia for more expensive fare on purpose.
DNA bar coding can help uncover such practices. By taking a bit of muscle from a fish and sequencing (测定序列) the DNA inside, scientists can quickly tell one species from another. Bar-coding technology is accessible enough that high-school students have used it to expose fraud (骗局) at restaurants. ___68___ And they can see for themselves whether they’re really getting the bluefin tuna they ordered.
___69___ Billions of dollars’ worth of art changes hands every year, and some experts estimate that 40 percent of it is fake. Professional authentication can help, but recent stories involving works said to have been painted by Jackson Pollock, Amedeo Modigliani, and others have shown that a skillful forger (制作赝品者) can fool even the most respected experts. ___70___ Rather than using the artist’s own DNA—which a thief could lift from clothes, rubbish, or hairs—these labels would contain DNA from another creature, with pieces of synthetic DNA woven in. To authenticate the piece, scientists would take DNA from the label, sequence the synthetic hits, and consult a database. Only if the sequence matched the database record would the piece be pronounced genuine.
A. Art is another area where forgery is decreasing due to the resulting profits.
B. DNA could be used to expose fraud in the art world, too.
C. If the technology continues to evolve, consumers could someday bring handheld bar coders to the table.
D. Simple confusion might explain some of the differences, since fish species can be hard to tell apart.
E. The DNA molecule is capable of storing vast amounts of data and can survive for thousands of years.
F. To solve this problem, some scientists have suggested attaching a small plastic label full of DNA to works of art.
【答案】67. D 68. C 69. B 70. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了保护组织Oceana最近对海鲜行业进行的一项研究发现，在全国范围内，食品杂货店对其销售的所有鱼类中近五分之一的鱼贴错了标签。DNA条形码可以帮助揭示这些做法, 并且可以应用到辨别艺术真伪领域。
【67题详解】
上文“Sushi restaurants were even worse, serving a fish other than what was promised on the menu three-quarters of the time.( 寿司店甚至更糟，四分之三的时间都在供应菜单上承诺的以外的鱼)”说明鱼类很容易被贴错标签，空格处说明贴错的原因，D项“简单的混淆可能解释了一些差异，因为鱼类很难区分。”符合语境，故选D。
【68题详解】
下文“And they can see for themselves whether they’re really getting the bluefin tuna they ordered.( 他们可以自己看看他们是否真的得到了他们点的蓝鳍金枪鱼。)”说明能够自己辨别点的蓝鳍金枪鱼是要有一定的技术，就是使用DNA条形码。C项“如果这项技术继续发展，消费者有朝一日可能会把手持条形码机带到餐桌上。”符合语境，故选C。
【69题详解】
下文“Billions of dollars’ worth of art changes hands every year, and some experts estimate that 40 percent of it is fake. ( 每年有价值30亿美元的艺术品易手，一些专家估计其中40%是假的。)”说明此处art是关键词，B项“DNA也可以用来揭露艺术界的欺诈行为。”是DNA条形码另一用途，故选B。
【70题详解】
上文“Professional authentication can help, but recent stories involving works said to have been painted by Jackson Pollock, Amedeo Modigliani, and others have shown that a skillful forger (制作赝品者) can fool even the most respected experts.( 专业认证可能会有所帮助，但最近有关杰克逊·波洛克（Jackson Pollock）、阿梅迪奥·莫迪利亚尼（Amedeo Modigliani）和其他人绘画作品的报道表明，熟练的伪造者甚至可以愚弄最受尊敬的专家。)”说明要解决伪造赝品可以使用DNA条形码，F项“为了解决这个问题，一些科学家建议在艺术品上贴上一个装满DNA的小塑料标签。”承接上文，故选F。
IV．Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
It’s no laughing matter
Much research has been conducted about why humans laugh and what they laugh at—not only by psychologists, but also by philosophers, for the study of laughter crosses many disciplines. So, why do we laugh?
The general belief is that humans laugh as a social bonding mechanism. Studies have shown that humans are over 30 times more likely to laugh with others than alone. Even “laughing gas” works more effectively on a group of people than on a single person. We all know that laughter can be very infectious.
Some researchers believe that laughter in humans was born out of the relief our ancestors felt after danger had passed. If smiling in humans is considered an extension of the “fear” face in primates (灵长类动物), then laughter is a signal that the fear has gone. When we laugh, our “fight or flight” reaction to danger is temporarily switched off, further indicating that we now feel relaxed. So laughter is a way of discharging stress and anxiety.
Although laughter is universal, people don’t always laugh at the same things, and what people find funny often changes as they get older. Children find a lot to laugh about, as they are encountering so many things for the first time, which offers constant surprises. Teenagers often like jokes that adults find annoying, while adults often laugh at jokes about funny things in their own everyday lives. Furthermore, because a lot of our humor comes from a shared cultural background, countless jokes don’t cross language and cultural barriers, with the result that what’s funny in Australia may well not be in Austria.
Regardless of what different people find funny, people ought to laugh as much as they can. While we’re laughing, we increase the killer cells that destroy viruses. So, the next time someone tells you they nearly died laughing, tell them it’s far from the truth!
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】It’s believed that people laugh to get each other closer, and are more likely to laugh within a group. Laugher is also considered a way to fight stress and anxiety. However, people may laugh at different things, which change with age and vary from culture to culture. Anyway, laughter does good to our health so we need to laugh more.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，心理学家，还有哲学家关于人类为什么笑以及他们笑什么，已经进行了很多研究。人们认为通过笑来拉近社交距离，在一个群体中更容易笑。笑也被认为是对抗压力和焦虑的一种方式。然而，引发人们笑的原因会随着年龄的增长而变化，也会因文化的不同而不同。无论如何，笑对我们的健康有好处，所以我们需要多笑。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Much research has been conducted about laugh-—not only by psychologists, but also by philosophers, for the study of laughter crosses many disciplines.
②The general belief is that humans laugh as a social bonding mechanism.
③So laughter is a way of discharging stress and anxiety.④Although laughter is universal, people don’t always laugh at the same things, and what people find funny often changes as they get older and varies with cultural backgrounds.
⑤ We ought to laugh as much as they can.
2.缜密构思将第2、3两个要点进行整合，将第4、5两个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句It's believed that laughing together can make people feel closer.
Whenever people feel relaxed or danger is removed, they laugh.
What makes people laugh varies with ages and cultural backgrounds.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It’s believed that people laugh to get each other closer, and are more likely to laugh within a group. 用一个主从复合句对第二段内容作了概括，使用了主语从句和be likely to do结构
[高分句型2]：Laugher is also considered a way to fight stress and anxiety. 运用了动词不定式作后置定语，概括了第三段内容。
[高分句型3]：However, people may laugh at different things, which change with age and vary from culture to culture.用一个复杂的主从复合句概括了第四段内容。使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 此刻，我不想让妈妈为我的就业问题担心。(bother)(汉译英)
【答案】I don’t want to bother my mother with my employment at the moment.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。讲述现状，时态用一般现在时，“想做某事”译为“want to do sth.”，“用某事烦扰某人”意为“bother sb. with sth.”，“此刻”译为“at the moment”，结合其它汉语提示，故译为：I don’t want to bother my mother with my employment at the moment.
73. 公共场所的色彩与设计会对社会产生不容忽视的影响。（impact）(汉译英)
【答案】The colour and design of public places will have an impact on society that cannot be ignored.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、情态动词的被动和定语从句。主语是“公共场所的色彩与设计”表示为the colour and design of public places，谓语是“对社会产生影响”表示为have an impact on society，表示将来发生的动作，用一般将来时，先行词是impact，在定语从句中作主语，从句中that作主语指代“影响”impact和谓语“忽视”ignore是被动关系，“不容忽视”是情态动词的否定加be done表示，故翻译为The colour and design of public places will have an impact on society that cannot be ignored.
74. “买一送一”是常见的促销手段，但赠品质量却往往不尽如人意。（far from）(汉译英)
【答案】“Buy one and get one free” is a common means of promotion, but the quality of those gifts is often far from satisfactory.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。分析句意可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“买一送一”是Buy one and get one free，“常见的促销手段”是a common means of promotion，前面be动词用is，“赠品质量”是the quality of those gifts，“却往往不尽如人意”是is often far from satisfactory，因此整句话翻译为““Buy one and get one free” is a common means of promotion, but the quality of those gifts is often far from satisfactory”。故答案为“Buy one and get one free” is a common means of promotion, but the quality of those gifts is often far from satisfactory.。
75. 博物馆推出的这些活动，在满足人们多样的需求的同时，也让传统文化火起来、潮起来。(not only) (汉译英)
【答案】These activities launched by the museum not only meet people’s diverse needs, but also make traditional culture more popular and fashionable.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词，时态，主谓一致和形容词。“博物馆推出的这些活动”是these activities launched by the museum，“在……的同时，也……”是not only...but also...，句子时态用一般现在时，“满足人们多样的需求”是meet people’s diverse needs，“让传统文化火起来、潮起来”是make traditional culture more popular and fashionable，因此整句话翻译为“These activities launched by the museum not only meet people’s diverse needs, but also make traditional culture more popular and fashionable”。故答案为These activities launched by the museum not only meet people’s diverse needs, but also make traditional culture more popular and fashionable.
VI. Guided Writing
76 Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近收到好友王磊的邮件。在邮件中，王磊表示自己因为拖延症(procrastination)而耽误了重要事情，想请你提一些建议，如何克服拖延症。回复一封邮件，内容须包括：
1）你的建议
2）你的理由
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Wang Lei,
I am glad to hear from you. I know you are not satisfied with your procrastination. Procrastination has negative effects on our life, which bothers many people. Now I am writing to give you some suggestions to get rid of it.
Firstly, we can write down our tasks in a visible place with their due dates. Additionally, we can tell our family or friends about our goal because they will motivate us along the way. Last but not least, reward ourselves for a job well done.
Hopefully, my suggestions will be of help to you.
Yours,
Li Ming
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给好友王磊写封信，给他一些克服拖延症的建议，并说明理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
建议：suggestion→advice
另外：additionally→moreover
摆脱：get rid of→rid oneself of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Hopefully, my suggestions will be of help to you.
拓展句：I hope that my suggestions will be of help to you.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Procrastination has negative effects on our life, which bothers many people. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Additionally, we can tell our family or friends about our goal because they will motivate us along the way. (运用了because引导的原因状语从句)
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