2022-2023学年上海市建平中学高三上学期期中教学质量检测英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年上海市建平中学高三上学期期中教学质量检测英语试题（解析版），共35页。

建平中学2022学年度第一学期高三教学质量检测
期中考试(英语)
Listening Comprehension
Section A Short Conversations
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. Beneficial. B. Unhealthy.
C. Common. D. Rare.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】1. M: Please get me a beer, a cold one. You know, I never drink beer without ice.
W: But it is winter now. Don’t you think that’s bad for your stomach?
Q: What does the woman think of the man’s preference for iced beer?
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. They are not really cheap. B. They look good for the price.
C. They may not last long. D. They will be out of fashion quickly.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: These shoes are very cheap. I think I’ll buy three pairs.
M: Why not just buy one good pair? Cheap shoes wear out very quickly.
Q: What does the man imply about the shoes?
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. John should give priority to his privacy.
B. John had better choose a cheap apartment.
C. John is unlikely to move out of the dormitory.
D. John should make sure that he can find a quiet place.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Mary, next year I don’t want to live in the dormitory. I need more peace and quiet.
W: Check out the cost of renting an apartment first, John. I wouldn’t be surprised if you changed your mind.
Q: What does the woman imply?
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. She will get her car back on Friday.
B. She may not be able to give the man a ride.
C. She isn’t sure whether she will go to the party.
D. She’s just paid a visit to the Andersons.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Can you drive me to the Andersons’ party Friday night?
W: It depends on whether I’ll get my car back from the garage on time.
Q: What does the woman imply?
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. Tony gave a well-grounded reason.
B. Tony should choose another course.
C. Tony should continue his science class.
D. Tony had better get up early every morning.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: I’m going to drop my science class. I have to get up too early in the morning.
W: Is that really the good reason to drop the class, Tony?
Q: What does the woman imply?
6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. It is under-staffed. B. It serves tasty coffee.
C. It isn’t big enough. D. It doesn’t provide good service.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: The coffee house has been short-handed these days, so we’ll have to wait in line.
W: I know. Susan and I helped to work there as waitresses all day yesterday.
Q: What can be learned about the coffee house?
7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. A nice hair-style. B. An unforgettable wedding.
C. A devoted friend. D. An old photo.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】W: Look at this photo. It was taken at John and Anne’s wedding ceremony ten years ago.
M: I know. I couldn’t believe I had such long hair. It’s so embarrassing, isn’t it?
Q: What are the two speakers talking about?
8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. Surprised. B. Relaxing.
C. Disappointed. D. Sympathetic.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: I didn’t have any trouble in finding accommodation in Paris last week.
W: According to my experience there, it sounds too good to be true.
Q: How does the woman feel about the man’s experience in Paris?
9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. She can give the man a discount for the phone case.
B. Screen protectors are out of stock for the time being.
C. Phone cases are much more expensive than screen protectors.
D. The man can get a screen protector for free if he buys a phone case.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】M: Excuse me, I would like to get a screen protector.
W: Tell you what — I’ll throw one in for free if you buy a phone case today.
Q: What does the woman mean?
10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

A. Drop out of the play. B. Switch parts with another actor.
C. Be patient about learning his part. D. Have his lines memorized by tomorrow.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Professor Parker, maybe you’d better find another actor to play this role. The lines are so long. Sometimes I just completely forget them.
W: Look, Mike, it’s still a long time before the first show. And I don’t expect you to know all the lines yet. Just keep practicing and I’m sure you will get them.
Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?
Section B Passages
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

11.
A. Dreams are usually meaningless. B. Not everyone has dreams every day.
C. We are sometimes anxious about dreams. D. Dreams can remind us of what we must do.
12.
A. If you are often eager to dream. B. If you want to understand them.
C. If you wonder when you dream. D. If you are often frightened by them.
13.
A. What intense feelings you have in the dreams.
B. Where you go in the dreams.
C. Whoever you meet in the dreams.
D. Whatever you experience in the dreams.
【答案】11. D 12. B 13. A
【解析】
【原文】A team of scientists, who have studied the subject of dreams, have come up with some interesting conclusions. Firstly, everybody, without exception, has them. Secondly, dreams can be of practical value, acting as a reminder of things of importance that we need to do in our waking lives. If you dream of the punishment you may receive for not handing in your homework punctually, for example, this may help you to do it on time. Indeed, things we are anxious about in our daily lives often feature in our dreams.
But it is hard to make sense of your dreams if you lack the ability to remember them in the first place. One recommendation is that you should keep a diary and pen by your bed so you can write down your dreams as soon as they occur. You should also concentrate on three aspects. Firstly, record the strongest emotion in your dream, whether it is fear, anger or whatever. Then write down anything strange or unusual that happened and the names of the people who made an appearance in your dream. This way, according to the experts, you will have a reliable and meaningful dream record, which will make for fascinating reading.
Now listen again.
Questions
1. What conclusion have the scientists reached about dreams?
2. In which situation is it necessary to remember your dreams?
3. What are you recommended to write down if you want to record your dreams?
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

14.
A. To go on strike. B. To protect themselves.
C. To combine their efforts. D. To fight against their employers.
15.
A. The shops stopped selling them daily necessities.
B. People then suffered from a shortage of foodstuffs.
C. They were exploited and mistreated by their employers.
D. Gas and candles were not available to them at that time.
16.
A. They refuse most new technologies. B. They stick to old ways of business.
C. They offer banking and insurance. D. They are limited to a small region.
【答案】14. B 15. A 16. C
【解析】
【原文】Hi, well, as you know, I’ve been doing a project on co-operatives and their history and what they’re like today. Although farmers and people have always worked together from prehistory onwards, what we know today as co-operatives really got going during the industrial revolution. They were frequently started by workers in situations where perhaps their companies were exploiting them or mistreating them in some way and they were seen as a way of providing 2protection for employees.
The first one to really last and make a go of things was set up in town in the north of England, Rochdale, about a hundred and seventy years ago. The local workers had gone on strike, but then their employer, who ran the local shop, the company shop, took revenge by refusing to sell them food. Rather than starve, they started a co-operative food store whose purpose was to provide basic foodstuffs just so people could survive. The employers in question then went a step further by refusing to sell gas to the striking employees, so because they had no light, the co-operative started selling candles as well, even though that hadn’t been part of their original plan.
Well, the movement was born and there are still co-operatives around today, ones which have been around for more than a hundred years running whole groups of shops in a region or over the whole country or offering banking and insurance. There are also ones which have been started very recently and are involved in all sorts of new technologies such as wind farms or designing internet sites and the like.
Now listen again.
Questions
14. Why did workers frequently start co-operatives during the industrial revolution?
15. Why did workers in Rochdale start the first real cooperative about 170 years ago?
16. What can be learned about today’s co-operatives from the passage?
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】

17.
A. Dealing with camera companies.
B. Calling electricians if there is an emergency.
C. Looking after the camera crew.
D. Working on timesheets.
18.
A. An electrician. B. A cameraman.
C. An assistant to electricians. D. An assistant to cameramen.
19.
A. The equipment can’t stand the extremely bad weather.
B. It’s hard for him to do something out of the ordinary.
C. It once took him ages to get used to work outdoors.
D. Something unexpected are very likely to happen.
20
A. He isn’t eager for any promotion.
B. He thinks family is more important.
C. He is already at the top of his career ladder.
D He doesn’t find any right position for himself.
【答案】17. D 18. A 19. D 20. A
【解析】
【原文】W: I suppose the first question I have to ask you, Alan, is: what is a Best Boy?
M: Well, the title is an American term used to describe the assistant to the man who works with the cameramen and the electricians on a film to make sure that the film is properly lit.
W: So how do you spend your time?
M: Basically what I do is work between the electrical department and production. I deal with the companies where the lights come from. And I’m also there on the film set, making sure that everything runs smoothly, that the lighting is set up when the camera crew arrives to shoot the film, and then I also help with the budget—we have to do timesheets, things like that. It’s mostly paperwork really.
W: When did you start working in the industry?
M: About fifteen years ago. I’d been an electrician and my first few film jobs were basic electrical ones, then I moved over to this.
W: It sounds a rather complicated job to me.
M: No, not really. I’ve never had to do anything out of the ordinary. But filming on location does make things more intense — there’s less control than in the studio and you can have problems with the weather. On my latest film, we were working in the hills and it would take us ages to get the equipment up there. But I enjoyed it. It was a challenge.
W: Where do you see yourself in the future? What would promotion be for you?
M: I like it where I am. I like working behind the scenes and seeing how the production works. There are enough challenges in the present job for me. The more experience you get, the more you worry whether you’ve got things to the right stage at the right time or not. You can’t just go home and switch off. But getting things right is a big satisfaction.
Now listen again.
Questions
1. Which of the following is one of Alan’s responsibilities?
2. What was Alan’s job before he worked as a Best Boy?
3. According to Alan, why does filming on location make things more intense?
4. What does Alan say about his future development?
Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Antonine Plague (瘟疫)
The year was 166 C.E., and the Roman Empire was in its prime. The triumphant Roman troops, under the command of Emperor Lucius Verrus, returned to Rome victorious after ____21____ (defeat) their Parthian enemies. As they marched west toward Rome, they carried with them more than the spoils of plundered Parthian temples; they also carried an epidemic that ____22____ (ruin) the Roman Empire over the course of the next two decades.
The Antonine Plague, ____23____ was known later, would reach every corner of the empire and is ____24____ most likely claimed the life of Lucius Verrus himself in 169 — and possibly that of his co-emperor Marcus Aurelius in 180.
The effect of the epidemic on Rome’s armies was apparently devastating. Closeness to sick fellow soldiers and less-than-optimal living conditions made it possible for the outbreak to spread rapidly throughout the troops, such as those ____25____ (base) along the northern frontier at Aquileia. Troops elsewhere in the empire were similarly stricken. ____26____ (reverse) their shrinking soldiers, they sent the sons of soldiers to troops. Army discharge certificates from the Balkan region suggest that there was a significant decrease in the number of soldiers who were allowed to retire from military service during the period of the plague.
The effect on the civilian population was evidently by no means ____27____ (severe). In his letter to Athens in 174, Marcus Aurelius loosened the requirements for membership to the ruling council of Athens, ____28____ there were now too few surviving upper-class Athenians who met the requirements he had introduced prior to the outbreak.
It has been estimated that the death rate over the 23-year period of the Antonine Plague was 7—10 percent of the population. ____29____ the practical consequences of the outbreak, such as the destabilization of the Roman military and economy, the psychological impact on the populations could by no means be ignored. It is easy to imagine the sense of fear and helplessness ancient Romans _____30_____ have felt in the face of such a ruthless, painful, disfiguring and frequently fatal disease.
【答案】21. having defeated##defeating
22. would ruin
23. as##which
24. what 25. based
26. To reverse
27. less severe
28. as##because##since
29. Aside from##Apart from
30. must##may##might##can##could
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了安东尼瘟疫爆发的起因和经过。
【21题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：胜利的罗马军队，在皇帝卢修斯·维鲁斯的指挥下，击败帕提亚敌人，凯旋返回罗马。作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式，或理解为动作已经完成用having done形式。故填having defeated/defeating。
【22题详解】
考查时态。句意：当他们向西向罗马进军时，他们携带的不仅仅是被掠夺的帕提亚神庙的战利品;他们还携带了一种流行病，在接下来的20年里，它摧毁了罗马帝国。根据后文“the next two decades”以及“carried on”可知此处应用过去将来时。故填would ruin。
【23题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：后来人们所知的安东尼瘟疫蔓延到了帝国的各个角落，最有可能是在169年夺走了卢修斯·维鲁斯的生命，也有可能是在180年夺走了他的同宗皇帝马库斯·奥勒留的生命。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词The Antonine Plague，从句缺少主语，故用as或which引导。故填as/which。
【24题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：后来人们所知的安东尼瘟疫蔓延到了帝国的各个角落，最有可能是在169年夺走了卢修斯·维鲁斯的生命，也有可能是在180年夺走了他的同宗皇帝马库斯·奥勒留的生命。引导表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物。故填what。
【25题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：由于与生病的战友关系密切，加上生活条件不够理想，疫情有可能在整个部队迅速蔓延，例如驻扎在北部边境阿奎莱亚的部队。分析句子结构可知base与逻辑主语those构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填based。
【26题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了扭转士兵萎缩的局面，他们把士兵的儿子派到部队。此处作目的状语，应用不定式，句首单词首字母要大写。故填To reverse。
【27题详解】
考查比较级。句意：对平民人口的影响显然丝毫没有减轻。结合语境可知表示“不太严重的”应用比较级，在severe前加less。故填less severe。
【28题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：在174年致雅典的信中，马库斯·奥勒留放宽了雅典统治委员会的成员资格要求，因为在雅典上流社会中，符合他在爆发前提出的条件的人太少了。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”可用as、because或since。故填as/because/since。
【29题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：除了爆发的实际后果，例如破坏罗马军事和经济的稳定之外，对民众的心理影响也绝不能忽视。后跟名词作宾语，表示“”应用短语aside from或apart from，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Aside from/Apart from。
【30题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：很容易想象古罗马人在面对这样一种无情、痛苦、毁容且常常致命的疾病时一定（可能）感受到的恐惧和无助。后跟动词原形，结合句意表示“一定”或“可能”应用must、may、might、can或could+have done。表示对过去的推测。故填must\may\might\can\could。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. clarify B. consistent C. conversely D. criteria E. misinterpreted F. perceived
G. qualify H. reflection I. significance J. simultaneously K. valuable
In recent years we’ve all become more health conscious. However, in doing so we seem to have____31____health. Health is no longer something everyone is born with. Health is a commodity. It is something you can have more of. And to____32____for this extra health you have to buy a tracksuit, eat vitamin pills, have a therapist and learn to do one-handed press-ups.
This all sounds quite harmless — until you realise it implies that people who are not perfectly formed, who are not young, sporty and sun-tanned, are less____33____people. We all want to be healthy but we should perhaps come down off the exercise bike and____34____what the word health actually means.
For a start, health is not beauty and fitness. You can have wonderful hair and huge muscles, while your internal organs are in a terrible state. The outer person is not a direct____35____of the inner person. Second, health is not a purely physical state. It’s mental as well. There are lots of fit people who are not psychologically sound and,____36____, a lot of quite seriously disabled people who are bright, happy and perfectly in tune with themselves. Besides, the____37____for physical and mental health are a matter of opinion, containing a strong social element. There’s a tribe in the Amazon rainforest which regards you as unwell if you don’t have marks of fungal (真菌) infection on your skin.
Taking all this into account, health is a terribly difficult word to define. It is nevertheless of grave____38____to do so, because unless we know what health is we don’t know what to aim for. My own favourite definition of health is ‘psychological health is the ability to love and to work’. It’s an easy thing to aim for and at the same time very difficult to arrive at. There are, however, occasional moments in everyone’s life when you experience,____39____, a great love for those around you and also a great sense of personal fulfilment. These brief moments are very hard to achieve, but they are_____40_____as a more worthwhile aim in life than trying to look like a supermodel.
【答案】31. E 32. G
33. K 34. A
35. H 36. C
37. D 38. I
39. J 40. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。健康不再是每个人与生俱来的东西。健康是一种商品。这是你可以拥有更多的东西。为了获得这种额外的健康，你必须买运动服，吃维生素片，请心理医生，并学会做单手俯卧撑。文章主要解释了一些和健康相关的误区和观念。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：然而，我们这样做似乎误解了健康。作谓语，结合句意表示“误解”应用动词misinterpret，结合上文have可知为to have done形式。故填misinterpreted。故选E。
【32题详解】
考查动词。句意：为了获得这种额外的健康，你必须买运动服，吃维生素片，请心理医生，并学会做单手俯卧撑。结合句意表示“获得”可知应填动词qualify，此处为不定式作目的状语。故填qualify。故选G。
【33题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这一切听起来都是无害的，直到你意识到这意味着那些身材不完美的人，那些不年轻、不爱运动、晒得黝黑的人是不那么有价值的人。结合句意表示“有价值的”可知应填形容词valuable，作定语。故填valuable。故选K。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：我们都想要健康，但也许我们应该从健身自行车上下来，弄清楚健康这个词的真正含义。结合句意表示“弄清楚”可知应填动词clarify，且should后跟动词原形。故填clarify。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：外在的人并不是内在人的直接反映。作表语，结合句意表示“反映”应用名词reflection，不定冠词提示用单数。故填reflection。故选H。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：有许多健康的人心理上并不健康，相反，有许多严重残疾的人却聪明、快乐、与自己完全合拍。修饰后文句子应用副词，结合句意表示“相反”可知应填副词conversely。故填conversely。故选C。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：此外，身心健康的标准是一个意见问题，包含了强烈的社会因素。作主语，表示“标准”应填复数名词criteria。故填criteria。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，这样做是有重大意义的，因为除非我们知道什么是健康，否则我们就不知道要追求什么。作宾语，表示“重大意义”应用名词significance，不可数。故填significance。故选I。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，在每个人的生活中，都有偶尔的时刻，你会同时体验到对周围人的巨大爱和巨大的个人成就感。修饰后文句子应用副词，结合句意表示“同时”可知应填simultaneously。故填simultaneously。故选J。
【40题详解】
考查动词。句意：这些短暂的瞬间很难实现，但它们被认为是比试图看起来像一个超模更有价值的人生目标。作谓语，结合句意表示“认为”应用动词perceived，短语be perceived as表示“被认为是……”。故填perceived。故选F。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
At the Noori Convenience Store LaShanda Calloway, a 27-year-old man, was lying unconscious on the floor, badly wounded and in desperate need of help, and yet the five people present in the store walked past him and carried on with their shopping. The truth of the matter was that this type of occurrence wasn’t____41____, and the shoppers’ motivations weren’t that difficult to understand.
We all like to think that we can____42____when the situation requires it, our moral codes prompting us to react in a proper and acceptable way. However, what really happens when we’re ____43____is something quite different. The vast majority of people do nothing: something is holding them back. The LaShanda Calloway case is a classic example of this: it’s what social psychologists call ‘the bystander effect’.
Studies have shown that the bystander effect is caused by several different____44____made by people at the scene of an emergency or other distressing event. Firstly, having other people around is one of the main causes of____45____. The reason for this is people tend to assume that someone else is either already helping or____46____to offer aid.
We also____47____situations through ‘social proof’ or the information we gather from others. If other people are not____48____, perhaps there is no emergency or wrongdoing. We don’t want to make an embarrassing mistake, so we____49____and do nothing. This results in ‘pluralistic ignorance’(人众无知) where everyone assumes that others have more knowledge, and people yield to what they perceive as the majority opinion.
____50____of personal risk also plays a part. If someone is attacked or in deep trouble and you intervene, there is a risk of you becoming a new target for the aggressor or____51____the friction.
So how do people manage to reverse the trend and intervene? What stimulates them into action? And what causes other people to bury their heads in the sand?
Studies have shown that active bystanders have generally had a more tolerant and empathetic upbringing, which stimulates greater____52____for the welfare of others. For these people, turning a blind eye isn’t an option; they feel compelled to step in and get involved.
That said, the bystander effect tends to____53____every aspect of our lives, from everyday scenarios like seeing bullying to our attitude to bigger challenges such as global warming. Perhaps the first step is____54____that we are all bystanders. Being aware of the causes could help us overcome them. Ultimately, it’s in our power to make a difference, from changing people’s attitudes to saving someone’s dignity- or maybe, as in the case of LaShanda Calloway, even saving someone’s____55____.
41. A. remarkable B. chaotic C. consistent D. respective
42. A. queue up B. step in C. stream by D. take notice
43. A. brought into effect B. held accountable C. shown pity on D. put to the test
44. A. causes B. interventions C. assumptions D. motives
45. A. integrity B. inaction C. persistence D. resignation
46. A. less eager B. more suspicious C. more qualified D. less rigid
47. A. breath life into B. keep pace with C. attach importance to D. make sense of
48. A. insisting B. responding C. evolving D. submitting
49. A. cling to traditions B. bear fruit C. go with the flow D. reverse the trend
50. A. Component B. Restriction C. Clarification D. Fear
51. A. escalating B. eliminating C. facilitating D. tackling
52. A. appeal B. fascination C. concern D. perspective
53. A. integrate B. influence C. orient D. compensate
54. A. imposing B. dismissing C. ignoring D. recognizing
55. A. trouble B. face C. life D. money
【答案】41. A 42. B 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. D 51. A 52. C 53. B 54. D 55. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以27岁的男子LaShanda Calloway受伤严重，不省人事地躺在地板上，急需帮助，但店里的五个人从其身边走过，继续购物这一事件为引入，说明了什么是“旁观者效应”以及其影响。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事情的真相是，这种情况并不特别，购物者的动机也并不难理解。A. remarkable值得注意的；B. chaotic混乱的；C. consistent一贯的；D. respective分别的。根据第二段“The vast majority of people do nothing: something is holding them back.(绝大多数人什么都不做：有什么东西在阻止他们)”可知，这种情况并不特别，购物者的动机也并不难理解，remarkable表示“值得注意的”符合语境。故选A。
【42题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们都喜欢认为，当形势需要时，我们可以介入，我们的道德准则促使我们以适当和可接受的方式做出反应。A. queue up排队；B. step in踏入，介入；C. stream by流过；D. take notice注意。根据后文“when the situation requires it”指形势需要，人们可以介入某一事件中。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，当我们接受测试时，真正发生的是完全不同的事情。A. brought into effect生效；B. held accountable承担责任；C. shown pity on对……表示同情；D. put to the test接受试验。根据上文“when the situation requires it, our moral codes prompting us to react in a proper and acceptable way. However, what really happens when we’re”中however表示转折，说明想法是一回事，当真正接受现实测试的时候，又是另一回事了。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，旁观者效应是由在紧急情况或其他痛苦事件现场的人们做出的几种不同的假设引起的。A. causes原因；B. interventions干预；C. assumptions假设；D. motives动机。结合后文“made by people at the scene of an emergency or other distressing event. Firstly, having other people around is one of the main causes of”主要分析了旁观者效应发生时，人们做出的各种假设。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，有其他人在身边是不作为的主要原因之一。A. integrity正直；B. inaction不作为；C. persistence坚持；D. resignation辞职。根据后文“The reason for this is people tend to assume that someone else is either already helping or”提到因为人们倾向于认为其他人要么已经在提供帮助，要么更有资格提供帮助，所以有其他人在身边是不作为的主要原因之一。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是因为人们倾向于认为其他人要么已经在提供帮助，要么更有资格提供帮助。A. less eager不那么渴望的；B. more suspicious更加可疑的；C. more qualified更为合格的；D. less rigid更灵活。根据上文“this is people tend to assume that someone else is either already helping or”可知，人们倾向于认为其他人要么已经在提供帮助，要么更有资格提供帮助。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们还通过“社会证明”或从他人那里收集的信息来理解某些情况。A. breathe life into带来生机；B. keep pace with并驾齐驱；C. attach importance to重视；D. make sense of搞清……的意思。根据后文“situations through ‘social proof’ or the information we gather from others”指通过“社会证明”或从他人那里收集的信息来理解某些情况。故选D。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果其他人没有反应，可能没有紧急情况或不当行为。A. insisting坚持；B. responding反应；C. evolving逐渐发展；D. submitting提交。根据后文“perhaps there is no emergency or wrongdoing.”可知，人们认为没有紧急情况或不当行为，所以其他人才没有反应。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们不想犯令人尴尬的错误，所以我们就顺其自然，什么也不做。A. cling to traditions坚持传统；B. bear fruit奏效；C. go with the flow顺其自然；D. reverse the trend扭转趋势。根据后文“and do nothing”可知，我们不想犯令人尴尬的错误，所以我们就顺其自然，什么也不做。故选C。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对个人风险的恐惧也起到了一定作用。A. Component组成；B. Restriction限制；C. Clarification澄清；D. Fear恐惧。结合后文提到了如果有人受到攻击或陷入困境，而你进行了干预，那么你就有可能成为攻击者的新目标或加剧摩擦，可见害怕承认风险也导致了不作为。故选D。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果有人受到攻击或陷入困境，而你进行了干预，那么你就有可能成为攻击者的新目标或加剧摩擦。A. escalating逐步上升；B. eliminating消除；C. facilitating促进；D. tackling处理。根据上文“you becoming a new target for the aggressor or”可知，如果有人受到攻击或陷入困境，而你进行了干预，那么你就有可能成为攻击者的新目标或加剧摩擦。故选A。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，积极的旁观者通常都有更宽容、更有同理心的成长经历，这促使他们更关心他人的福祉。A. appeal吸引；B. fascination着迷；C. concern关心；D. perspective观点。根据上文“active bystanders have generally had a more tolerant and empathetic upbringing”可知，积极的旁观者通常都有更宽容、更有同理心的成长经历，这促使他们更关心他人的福祉。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，旁观者效应往往会影响我们生活的方方面面，从日常场景，如看到欺凌，到我们对更大挑战的态度，如全球变暖。A. integrate合并；B. influence影响；C. orient朝向；D. compensate补偿。根据后文“every aspect of our lives, from everyday scenarios like seeing bullying to our attitude to bigger challenges such as global warming”可知，旁观者效应往往会影响我们生活的方方面面，从日常场景，如看到欺凌，到我们对更大挑战的态度，如全球变暖。故选B。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许第一步是认识到我们都是旁观者。A. imposing推行；B. dismissing解散；C. ignoring忽视；D. recognizing识别，认识。根据后文“that we are all bystanders”可知，第一步是认识到我们都是旁观者。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，我们有能力做出改变，从改变人们的态度到挽救某人的尊严——或者，就像拉什达·卡洛韦的情况一样，甚至挽救某人的生命。A. trouble麻烦；B. face脸；C. life生命；D. money钱。呼应第一段中“At the Noori Convenience Store LaShanda Calloway, a 27-year-old man, was lying unconscious on the floor, badly wounded and in desperate need of help, and yet the five people present in the store walked past her and carried on with their shopping.(在Noori便利店，27岁的男子拉什达·卡洛韦受伤严重，不省人事地躺在地板上，急需帮助，但店里的五个人从身边走过，继续购物)”指可以挽救某人的生命。故选C。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
At 14, Fraser Doherty was busy making jam after his grandparents taught him a family recipe. He started selling jars of his jam door to door near his parents’ home in Edinburgh. As interest grew, his hobby stated to turn into a business. He now makes 40,000 jars of jam a month and is well on his way to making his first million.
Doherty, who has been chosen to represent Britain in the Global Students Entrepreneurs Awards in Chicago next month, said there are several advantages to having started young: “As a young person you have a different view of the world. You have a naivety and an optimism and are willing to give things a shot. The downside for me isn’t particularly scary. I don’t have a mortgage or kids to worry about so I didn’t have a huge amount to lose if my idea had not worked.”
Duncan Cheatle, founder of The Supper Club, a forum for established entrepreneurs in London, agreed that becoming an entrepreneur at a young age has a lot to recommend it.
“For young people there is no concept of thinking outside the box because there isn’t a box. There is capacity in young people to see things in a different way that older people lose. And often not being an expert in something can be helpful because if you don’t understand why something works in a certain way, you will decide to do it differently.”
Emma Jones, founder of Enterprise Nation, the home business website, said that young people were much more confident about using technology as a base for their business than the older generation. “Whole sectors that didn’t exist ten years ago are coming up now because young entrepreneurs are challenging all previous rules and saying technology means that we can do things like this. They have an open capacity to think of new ideas and as a result they are starting very interesting businesses.”
56. According to Doherty, is the competitive edge of young people starting business compared with the older generation?
A. ignorance of the reality B. naïve pursuit of a hobby
C. readiness to try things out D. parents shouldering the financial burden
57. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means young people .
A. are reluctant to obey the existing rules
B. are not bound by established ways of doing things
C. have superior ideas to those of the older generation
D. will not fall into traps that old people set up for them
58. Which of the following statements will Emma Jones most likely agree with?
A. Abandoning all previous rules is a must to establish new sectors.
B. As people grow older, they are less able to take a fresh approach.
C. Those lacking confidence are less able to start creative businesses.
D. The use of technology contributes to the creation of new businesses.
59. The purpose of this passage is to .
A. inform readers of success stories of young entrepreneurs
B. introduce opinions on the advantages of being young entrepreneurs
C. convince young people to follow the trend and start their own businesses
D. provide specific guidance on how to become successful young entrepreneurs
【答案】56. C 57. B 58. D 59. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述年轻企业家的观点和优势。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Doherty, who has been chosen to represent Britain in the Global Students Entrepreneurs Awards in Chicago next month, said there are several advantages to having started young: “As a young person you have a different view of the world. You have a naivety and an optimism and are willing to give things a shot. (Doherty被选中代表英国参加下个月在芝加哥举行的全球学生企业家奖。他说他从小的时候开始就有几个优点：“作为一个年轻人，你对世界有不同的看法。你天真乐观，愿意试一试。”)”可知，Doherty认为年轻人愿意尝试。故推知Doherty认为与老一辈相比，愿意尝试是年轻人创业的竞争优势。故选C。
【57题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段“There is capacity in young people to see things in a different way that older people lose. And often not being an expert in something can be helpful because if you don’t understand why something works in a certain way, you will decide to do it differently. (年轻人有能力以老年人失去的不同方式看待事物。通常不是某事物的专家会对你有所帮助，因为如果你不明白为什么某件事以某种方式工作，你将决定以不同的方式做。)”可知，年轻人会以不同的方式看待问题，他们不认为专家的建议和既定的做事方式就是有帮助的。故推知“For young people there is no concept of thinking outside the box because there isn’t a box.表示年轻人“不受既定做事方式的束缚”，故选B。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Emma Jones, founder of Enterprise Nation, the home business website, said that young people were much more confident about using technology as a base for their business than the older generation. “Whole sectors that didn’t exist ten years ago are coming up now because young entrepreneurs are challenging all previous rules and saying technology means that we can do things like this. They have an open capacity to think of new ideas and as a result they are starting very interesting businesses.” (家庭商业网站Enterprise Nation的创始人Emma Jones表示，年轻人比老一辈人更有信心使用科技作为其业务的基础。“十年前不存在的整个行业现在正在出现，因为年轻的企业家正在挑战以前的所有规则，并说科技意味着我们可以做这样的事情。他们有一种开放的能力来思考新的想法，因此他们开始了非常有趣的业务。)”可知，Emma认为年轻人通过科技拓展新业务。故推知Emma同意“使用科技有助于创建新业务”这一观点，故选D。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Doherty, who has been chosen to represent Britain in the Global Students Entrepreneurs Awards in Chicago next month, said there are several advantages to having started young: “As a young person you have a different view of the world. You have a naivety and an optimism and are willing to give things a shot. (Doherty被选中代表英国参加下个月在芝加哥举行的全球学生企业家奖。他说他从小的时候开始就有几个优点：“作为一个年轻人，你对世界有不同的看法。你天真乐观，愿意试一试。”)”及第四段“There is capacity in young people to see things in a different way that older people lose. And often not being an expert in something can be helpful because if you don’t understand why something works in a certain way, you will decide to do it differently. (年轻人有能力以老年人失去的不同方式看待事物。通常不是某事物的专家会对你有所帮助，因为如果你不明白为什么某件事以某种方式工作，你将决定以不同的方式做。)”及最后一段““Whole sectors that didn’t exist ten years ago are coming up now because young entrepreneurs are challenging all previous rules and saying technology means that we can do things like this. They have an open capacity to think of new ideas and as a result they are starting very interesting businesses. (十年前不存在的整个行业现在正在出现，因为年轻的企业家正在挑战以前的所有规则，并说科技意味着我们可以做这样的事情。他们有一种开放的能力来思考新的想法，因此他们开始了非常有趣的业务。)”可知，文章主要介绍成为年轻企业家的观点和优势。故选B。
(B)
Know how much to tip
New rules of gratuities
The pandemic has been particularly hard on people who work for tips. Some haven’t been able to do their jobs at all, while others don’t interact with customers the same way. In either case, tips dried up, causing a lot of people to suffer. Meanwhile, many customers felt the need to tip more because of the new risks and hardships that essential service workers suddenly faced.
Just as many services have changed, so should tipping. Some old standards no longer seem fair, and several newer ones will apply long after the pandemic is over.
Some new rules of tipping that are likely here to stay:
Give more if you can.
It’s common for tips to be divided between all the workers at a store or restaurant, not just those who interact directly with customers. So giving generously ensures a fairer tip for all.
Think outside the (cash) box.
You can also “tip” with a thank-you note or a homemade gift when a business (or your budget) doesn’t permit gratuities. Consider writing a review online, making sure to name names.
Treat business owners differently.
A practice of the past, tipping the boss separately is no longer necessary. But if she serves you, tip her as you would any of her workers.
As for specific situations, here’s what the experts recommend:
FOOD AND DRINKS
Restaurant workers
Old rule: Leave a tip only when you dine in.
New rule: Always tip, even for takeout.
Tip: 15 to 20 percent when you dine in, and 10 to 15 percent on takeout or delivery orders.
Personal shoppers
Old rule: N/A (Not applicable). Many of these services, such as grocery pickup, are newer.
New rule: Tip, and do it in the app, since you are unlikely to interact directly with your shopper.
Tip: 10 to 15 percent. If a tip is already included, add a few dollars extra.
HOME DELIVERIES
Package delivery drivers
Old rule: Don’t tip.
New rule: Show appreciation if you get deliveries more than once a week.
Tip: Drinks, snacks, or $5 to $20 if a package is particularly heavy or large. Postal workers cannot accept cash or gifts worth more than $50 per year. UPS tells drivers to decline tips unless a customer insists. And FedEx prohibits employees from accepting cash or cash equivalents (such as gift cards).
Flower delivery drivers
Old rule: The person who places the order tips those who deliver flowers (and other specialty items).
New rule: You can’t assume the gift giver already tipped, so if you’re lucky enough to get such a delivery, pass the goodwill along in the form of a tip.
Tip: $5 to $10.
PERSONAL SERVICES
Ride-share drivers
Old rule: Tip in cash.
New rule: Ask your driver. The Lyft and Uber apps let you add gratuities, but some drivers prefer cash.
Tip: 15 to 20 percent.

60. New rules of tipping are recommended because .
A. the pandemic has driven many businesses to financial ruin
B. some people have to work from home without interaction
C. customers dismiss the old standards as unfair to themselves
D. some old tipping standards can’t help some service workers out now
61. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Tip every worker fairly in case some may keep the money to himself.
B. The more you tip, the better service you will receive.
C. Writing a review online is highly recommended to express gratitude.
D. There is no need to tip the boss because he doesn’t provide any service.
62. did best in tipping according to the recommended rules.
Name
Situation
Tip
Ginna
order a roast goose ($50) at Kam’s Roasts for takeout
$0 for the waiter
Joan
take a delivery of a package from FedEx (bottled water, 500ml, 24-pack)
$10 for the FedEx delivery man
Susan
receive a bunch of flowers delivered by a Flower Plus driver
$5 (cash) for the gardener
Linn
take a Uber ($15) from St Vincent’s Hospital to the Central Library
$3 (cash) for the driver

A. Ginna B. Joan C. Susan D. Linn
【答案】60. D 61. C 62. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍小费的新规定及一些行业的小费新规定。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The pandemic has been particularly hard on people who work for tips. Some haven’t been able to do their jobs at all, while others don’t interact with customers the same way. In either case, tips dried up, causing a lot of people to suffer. Meanwhile, many customers felt the need to tip more because of the new risks and hardships that essential service workers suddenly faced. (新冠对依靠小费工作的人来说尤其艰难。有些人根本无法完成他们的工作，而另一些人则无法以相同的方式与顾客互动。无论哪种情况，小费都会枯竭，导致很多人受苦。与此同时，因为基本服务人员突然面临新的风险和困难，许多顾客觉得有必要给更多的小费。)”可知，新冠使服务人员工作艰难，一些旧的小费标准现在无法帮助一些服务人员。所以建议使用新的小费规则，帮助服务人员应对困难，故选D。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据Think outside the (cash) box.部分“You can also “tip” with a thank-you note or a homemade gift when a business (or your budget) doesn’t permit gratuities. Consider writing a review online, making sure to name names. (当公司或你的预算不允许给小费时，你也可以用感谢信或自制礼物。考虑在线撰写评论，确保署名。)”可知，可以在线撰写评论以表达感激之情。故C项正确。根据Give more if you can.部分“It’s common for tips to be divided between all the workers at a store or restaurant, not just those who interact directly with customers. (通常，小费分配给商店或餐厅的所有员工，而不仅仅是直接与客户互动的员工。)”可知，小费分配给所有员工，但文章并未说明为什么这样做，故排除A项。根据Treat business owners differently.部分“A practice of the past, tipping the boss separately is no longer necessary. But if she serves you, tip her as you would any of her workers. (过去的做法，不再需要单独给老板小费。但是，如果她为你服务，就像你给她的工人一样给她小费。)”可知，如果老板为你服务，你需要给老板小费，故D项错误。文章未提及B项内容。故选C。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据Restaurant workers部分“Tip: 15 to 20 percent when you dine in, and 10 to 15 percent on takeout or delivery orders. (小费：堂食时为15%至20%，外卖或外卖订单为10%至15%。)”可知，订外卖需要给工作人员小费，A项错误。根据Package delivery drivers部分“And FedEx prohibits employees from accepting cash or cash equivalents (such as gift cards). (联邦快递禁止员工接受现金或现金等价物，如礼品卡。)”可知，无需给联邦快递员工小费，B项错误。根据Flower delivery drivers部分“You can’t assume the gift giver already tipped, so if you’re lucky enough to get such a delivery, pass the goodwill along in the form of a tip. (你不能假设送礼者已经给小费了，所以如果你有幸收到这样的快递，请以小费的形式传递善意。)”可知，需要给送花人小费，而不是给园丁小费，C项错误。根据Ride-share drivers部分“Tip: 15 to 20 percent. (小费：15%到20%)”可知，需要给司机15%到20%的小费。即$15*15%=$2.25/$15*20%=3$。D项正确，故选D。
(C)
Reclaim Our Streets from Traffic
In the Dutch city of Tilburg, a pilot project aims to make its road network more pedestrian and cycle-friendly. A system under development in the project there senses when bikes are approaching a crossing and changes the lights sooner than it otherwise would, thus giving cyclists priority over motorists. Smart traffic lights can also have environmental benefits, for example, by giving lorries a clear run through urban areas and reducing the frequency with which they have to stop and start, they reduce emissions, noise pollution and damage to road surfaces. All of this seems a far cry from the majority of urban centres.
The application of the technology is virtually limitless and could form a major weapon in the battle to recapture city streets worldwide from motor vehicles and reduce pollution. To put this into context, in Barcelona, which is anything but large relative to many modern urban expansions, air pollution is estimated to cause around 3,500 premature deaths per year out of a population of 1.6 million. Additionally, it is responsible for severe effects on ecosystems and agriculture. Traffic, which is the major contributor to this problem, also causes noise pollution beyond levels considered healthy. Scaling this distressing picture up for larger metropolitan areas could be bad for your health!
The World Health Organisation recommends that every city should have a minimum of 9 ㎡ of green space per resident. While some places come out well relative to this figure (London scores an impressive 27, and Amsterdam an incredible 87.5), many do not. Tokyo currently has around 3 ㎡ per person, and is far from alone in providing insufficient ‘lungs’ for its population. Picture the effect on these figures of banning traffic from the majority of a city’s streets and allowing these roads to be converted into community areas, such as parks and pedestrian zones. Such a system, known as ‘superblocks’, is rapidly gaining support in many of the world’s urban centres.
The idea has at its heart the notion that streets belong to people and not cars. Roads are repurposed within an area known as a superblock, leaving only the streets around the area accessible to vehicles. Taking up less space than a neighbourhood, but larger than the blocks in many cities, their design ensures that no one would ever be more than 300 m from a road. This may mean sacrificing the parking spaces assigned to properties within them, but that’s a small price to pay. By increasing the frequency of bus stops on the surrounding streets and applying smart traffic management technology as used in Tilburg, it would be possible to make public transport more effective despite having significantly fewer vehicle-accessible roads. This could be paired with a new system of cycling lanes in the areas off-limits to traffic.
Given that the majority of the world’s population now lives in an urban environment, imagine the number of people who would benefit from this idea.
63. What is the writer emphasising in the sentence ‘All of this seems a far cry from the majority of urban centres’ in paragraph one?
A. the contrast between aims and the current reality.
B. how upsetting living in some cities can be.
C. how advanced technology is in certain regions.
D. the technological changes happening worldwide.
64. What point does the writer make in the second paragraph?
A. Smaller cities have relatively high levels of pollution.
B. Having farms near cities decreases harmful pollution.
C Problems caused by pollution multiply with city size.
D. Embracing technology eases harmful pollution levels.
65. What does the writer suggest about green spaces in the third paragraph?
A. Most cities exceed international green space guidelines.
B. Modern cities have fewer green spaces than old ones.
C. Much urban green space worldwide has disappeared.
D. Many city authorities should change their green space policy.
66. According to the writer, all of the following people would benefit from the introduction of superblocks except .
A. bus users B. residents C. cyclists D. pedestrians
【答案】63. A 64. C 65. D 66. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了在荷兰的蒂尔堡市，一个试点项目旨在使其道路网络更有利于行人和自行车。该项目正在开发的一个系统可以感知到自行车正在接近十字路口，并比其他情况更快地换灯，从而使骑自行车的人优先于开车的人。文章主要介绍了这项技术的应用和存在的问题。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Smart traffic lights can also have environmental benefits, for example, by giving lorries a clear run through urban areas and reducing the frequency with which they have to stop and start, they reduce emissions, noise pollution and damage to road surfaces. All of this seems a far cry from the majority of urban centres.(智能交通灯还可以带来环境效益，例如，通过让卡车在城市地区有一个清晰的行驶路线，减少它们停车和启动的频率，它们减少了排放、噪音污染和对路面的破坏。所有这些似乎都与大多数城市中心相去甚远)”以及第二段“The application of the technology is virtually limitless and could form a major weapon in the battle to recapture city streets worldwide from motor vehicles and reduce pollution. To put this into context, in Barcelona, which is anything but large relative to many modern urban expansions, air pollution is estimated to cause around 3,500 premature deaths per year out of a population of 1.6 million. Additionally, it is responsible for severe effects on ecosystems and agriculture. Traffic, which is the major contributor to this problem, also causes noise pollution beyond levels considered healthy. Scaling this distressing picture up for larger metropolitan areas could be bad for your health!(这项技术的应用几乎是无限的，它可能成为从全球机动车手中夺回城市街道并减少污染的主要武器。相比于许多现代城市的扩张，巴塞罗那的规模并不算大。据估计，在160万人口中，空气污染每年导致约3500人过早死亡。此外，它还对生态系统和农业造成严重影响。交通是造成这一问题的主要原因，也造成了超出健康水平的噪音污染。把这种令人痛苦的情况放大到大都市地区可能对你的健康有害！)”可推知，作者在第一段“All of this seems a far cry from the majority of urban centre”这句话中强调的是目标与当前现实之间的反差。故选A。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“To put this into context, in Barcelona, which is anything but large relative to many modern urban expansions, air pollution is estimated to cause around 3,500 premature deaths per year out of a population of 1.6 million. Additionally, it is responsible for severe effects on ecosystems and agriculture. Traffic, which is the major contributor to this problem, also causes noise pollution beyond levels considered healthy. Scaling this distressing picture up for larger metropolitan areas could be bad for your health!(相比于许多现代城市的扩张，巴塞罗那的规模并不算大。据估计，在160万人口中，空气污染每年导致约3500人过早死亡。此外，它还对生态系统和农业造成严重影响。交通是造成这一问题的主要原因，也造成了超出健康水平的噪音污染。把这种令人痛苦的情况放大到大都市地区可能对你的健康有害！)”可知，作者在第二段中提出的观点是污染引起的问题随着城市规模的扩大而增加。故选C。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“The World Health Organisation recommends that every city should have a minimum of 9 ㎡ of green space per resident. While some places come out well relative to this figure (London scores an impressive 27, and Amsterdam an incredible 87.5), many do not. Tokyo currently has around 3 ㎡ per person, and is far from alone in providing insufficient ‘lungs’ for its population. Picture the effect on these figures of banning traffic from the majority of a city’s streets and allowing these roads to be converted into community areas, such as parks and pedestrian zones. Such a system, known as ‘superblocks’, is rapidly gaining support in many of the world’s urban centres.(世界卫生组织建议，每个城市的人均绿地面积至少应达到9㎡。虽然有些地方的得分相对于这个数字还不错(伦敦得分令人印象深刻的27分，阿姆斯特丹的得分是令人难以置信的87.5分)，但很多地方没有。目前，东京的人均面积约为3平方米，“肺”不足的情况并非个例。想象一下，禁止在城市的大部分街道上通行，并允许将这些道路改造成公园和步行区等社区区域，会对这些数字产生怎样的影响。这种被称为“超级街区”的系统正在世界上许多城市中心迅速获得支持)”可推知，作者在第三段中对绿色空间提出了的建议是许多城市当局应该改变他们的绿色空间政策。故选D。
【66题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“A system under development in the project there senses when bikes are approaching a crossing and changes the lights sooner than it otherwise would, thus giving cyclists priority over motorists.(该项目正在开发的一个系统可以感知到自行车正在接近十字路口，并比其他情况更快地换灯，从而使骑自行车的人优先于开车的人)”以及倒数第二段“The idea has at its heart the notion that streets belong to people and not cars. Roads are repurposed within an area known as a superblock, leaving only the streets around the area accessible to vehicles. Taking up less space than a neighbourhood, but larger than the blocks in many cities, their design ensures that no one would ever be more than 300 m from a road. This may mean sacrificing the parking spaces assigned to properties within them, but that’s a small price to pay. By increasing the frequency of bus stops on the surrounding streets and applying smart traffic management technology as used in Tilburg, it would be possible to make public transport more effective despite having significantly fewer vehicle-accessible roads. This could be paired with a new system of cycling lanes in the areas off-limits to traffic.(这个想法的核心是街道属于人，而不是汽车。在一个被称为超级街区的区域内，道路被重新规划，只留下该区域周围的街道供车辆通行。它们所占的空间比一个街区要小，但比许多城市的街区要大，它们的设计确保了没有人会离道路超过300米。这可能意味着要牺牲分配给这些物业的停车位，但这只是一个很小的代价。通过增加周围街道公交站点的频率，并像蒂尔堡那样应用智能交通管理技术，尽管车辆可通行的道路明显减少，但仍有可能使公共交通更有效。这可以与一个新的自行车道系统配套，在禁止交通的地区)”可知，作者认为，除了居民，公交车司机、骑自行车的人以及行人都将从超级街区的引入中受益。故选B。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A big cause of concerns for Australian government is the increasing number of migrants who return to their countries of origin. Several surveys have been conducted recently into the reasons why people go home. One noted that “flies, dirt, and outside lavatories” were on the list of complaints from British immigrants, and added that many people also complained about “the crudity, bad manners, and unfriendliness of the Australians”.____67____
Most British migrants miss council housing the National Health scheme, and their relatives and former neighbor.____68____The men soon make new friends at work, but wives tend to find it much harder to get used to a different way of life. Many are housebound because of inadequate public transport in most outlying suburbs, and regular correspondence with their old friends at home only serves to increase their discontent. One housewife was quoted recently as saying: “I even find I miss the people I used to hate at home.”
Rent are high, and there are long waiting lists for Housing Commission homes. Sickness can be an expensive business and the climate can be unexpectedly rough. The gap between Australian and British wage packets is no longer big, and people are generally expected to work harder here than they do at home. Professional men over forty often have difficulty in finding a decent job. ____69____
According to the journal Australian Manufacturer, the attitude of many employers and fellow workers is anything but friendly. “We Australians,” it stated in a recent issue, “are just too fond of painting the rosy picture of the big, warm-hearted Aussie____70____Go down “heart-break alley” among some of the migrants and find out just how expansive the Aussie is to his immigrants.”
A. Loneliness is a big factor, especially among housewives.
B. A slower rate of growth invariably produces discontent.
C. Another gave climate conditions and homesickness as the main reasons for leaving.
D. One drawback with immigrants to Australia is that integration tends to be more difficult.
E. Above all, perhaps, skilled immigrants often finds a considerable reluctance to accept their qualifications.
F. As a matter of fact, we are so busy boasting about ourselves that we have no time to be warm-hearted and considerate.
【答案】67. C 68. A 69. E 70. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了越来越多的在澳大利亚的英国移民返回英国的原因。
【67题详解】
空格前的句子“One noted that ‘flies, dirt, and outside lavatories’ were on the list of complaints from British immigrants, and added that many people also complained about ‘the crudity, bad manners, and unfriendliness of the Australians’.（有人指出，‘苍蝇、灰尘和室外厕所’是英国移民抱怨的内容，并补充说，许多人还抱怨‘澳大利亚人的粗鲁、不礼貌和不友好’）”是一个人表达的不愿意在澳大利亚生活的原因，所以空格处的句子也应该是说不愿意在澳大利亚生活的原因，而C项“Another gave climate conditions and homesickness as the main reasons for leaving.（另一位受访者则认为气候条件和思乡是他们离开的主要原因）”的内容正好和上一句是顺接关系，C项中的another和上一句的one是对应的。故选C项。
【68题详解】
根据空格前的句子“Most British migrants miss council housing the National Health scheme, and their relatives and former neighbor.（大多数英国移民想念国家健康计划的廉租房，想念他们的亲戚和以前的邻居）”可知，此处说的英国移民想返回英国的原因。空格后的句子“The men soon make new friends at work, but wives tend to find it much harder to get used to a different way of life. Many are housebound because of inadequate public transport in most outlying suburbs, and regular correspondence with their old friends at home only serves to increase their discontent. One housewife was quoted recently as saying: ‘I even find I miss the people I used to hate at home’（男人们很快就在工作中结识了新朋友，但妻子们往往发现很难适应不同的生活方式。许多人因为偏远郊区的公共交通不完善而不能出门，经常与家乡的老朋友通信只会增加他们的不满。一位家庭主妇最近说：‘我甚至发现自己开始想念以前在家里讨厌的人了’）”同样表达的是在澳大利亚的英国移民，特别是家庭主妇因为孤独而想念在英国的人。所以空格处的句子应该是一个承上启下的句子，应该谈论在澳大利亚的英国移民想回英国的原因。A项“Loneliness is a big factor, especially among housewives.（孤独是一个很大的因素，尤其是家庭主妇）”符合题意。故选A项。
【69题详解】
空格前的句子“Professional men over forty often have difficulty in finding a decent job.（年过四十的职业男子往往很难找到一份体面的工作）”说明中年英国移民面临的职业困境。E项“Above all, perhaps, skilled immigrants often finds a considerable reluctance to accept their qualifications.（最重要的是，技术移民可能经常发现，人们相当不愿意接受他们的资格）”谈论了技术移民的苦恼在于人们不愿意接受他们的资格，同样说明了英国移民的困境，符合题意。故选E项。
【70题详解】
根据空格前的句子“‘We Australians,’ it stated in a recent issue, ‘are just too fond of painting the rosy picture of the big, warm-hearted Aussie’（‘我们澳大利亚人，’该杂志在最近一期中写道，‘太喜欢把澳大利亚人描绘成一个高大、热情的澳大利亚人的美好图景了’）”可知，澳大利亚人太喜欢把自己描绘成高大、热心的形象。而F项的句子“As a matter of fact, we are so busy boasting about ourselves that we have no time to be warm-hearted and considerate.（事实上，我们都忙于吹嘘自己，没有时间去温暖和体贴）”在内容上和上一句是顺接关系，F项中的“busy boasting about ourselves（忙着吹嘘自己）”和上一句的“too fond of painting the rosy picture of the big, warm-hearted Aussie（太喜欢把澳大利亚人描绘成一个高大、热情的澳大利亚人的美好图景了）”是对应的，所以F项“As a matter of fact, we are so busy boasting about ourselves that we have no time to be warm-hearted and considerate.（事实上，我们都忙于吹嘘自己，没有时间去温暖和体贴）”符合题意。故选F项。
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Global Cooperation
In the 21st century, we’ve seen a new trend that is pushing the boundaries of human invention and innovation—global cooperation. Scientific and technical research and development is now so complicated that no one scientist can know it all. So, increasingly, innovation is coming from the combining of cutting-edge expertise (专业知识) from different scientific fields.
There are now over 8, 000 scientific journals worldwide and it is impossible to be an expert in all areas. Therefore, in this highly specialized world, scientists, medics and engineers have to cooperate in order to innovate. Professor Bob Langer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has made significant breakthroughs in the field of biomedical engineering. But he hasn’t done it on his own. He has invited experts from around the world in different fields to form a global team to design new substances which can go inside the body, deliver medicines and then dissolve. Also at MIT, when Cesar Harada heard about the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, he quit his dream job there and tried to develop a more efficient way to remove the oil. But rather than focusing on profit, he decided to ‘open-source’ the design. He shared his own ideas on the web for free and then got experts from all around the world to contribute ideas and even donations. Thanks to this free, not-for-profit way of sharing ideas and intellectual property on the internet, a boat capable of cleaning oil quickly came into being. Obviously, international cooperation based on sharing information freely has produced innovative approaches to solving problems.
It appears that the days of brilliant individuals working in their garages on their own are over. Global teams with a united purpose building on everyone’s expertise can collectively do far more than one brilliant individual. Today’s world calls for global cooperators sharers, and not protectors of ideas.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Reference answer
In this century, global cooperation in science and technology is desirable because no single scientist can be a know-all due to the complexity of research and development. Scientists are working together to make breakthroughs. They also manage to solve problems by sharing ideas and information freely. Gone are the days when one expert can make it alone. (56 words)
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍说，在21世纪，我们看到了一种推动人类发明和创新边界的新趋势——全球合作，本文对全球合作出现的背景和采用的方法进行了描述。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①In the 21st century, we’ve seen a new trend that is pushing the boundaries of human invention and innovation—global cooperation. Scientific and technical research and development is now so complicated that no one scientist can know it all.
②Professor Bob Langer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has made significant breakthroughs in the field of biomedical engineering. He has invited experts from around the world in different fields to form a global team to design new substances which can go inside the body, deliver medicines and then dissolve.
③He shared his own ideas on the web for free and then got experts from all around the world to contribute ideas and even donations.
④It appears that the days of brilliant individuals working in their garages on their own are over.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行整合，将第2、3、4三个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句
In this century, global cooperation in science and technology is desirable because no single scientist can be a know-all due to the complexity of research and development.
Scientists are working together to make breakthroughs.
They also manage to solve problems by sharing ideas and information freely. Gone are the days when one expert can make it alone.
【点睛】[高分句型1] In this century, global cooperation in science and technology is desirable because no single scientist can be a know-all due to the complexity of research and development.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段进行了概括，其中because引导的原因状语从句表达高级。
[高分句型2] Gone are the days when one expert can make it alone.用表语提前的部分倒装句和when引导的定语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
Ⅴ. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 这个厨师总是不等到发钱就把钱用光。(case)(汉译英)
【答案】As is often the case, the chef runs out of/uses up/spends all his money before getting paid/before the payday.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“情况常常如此，总是”短语为as is often the case；主语为the chef；表示“不等到发钱就把钱用光”可翻译为run out of/use up/spend all his money before getting paid/before the payday，get paid为动名词作宾语，句子为一般现在时。故翻译为As is often the case, the chef runs out of/uses up/spends all his money before getting paid/before the payday.
73. 既然你被自己心仪的学校录取了，何不请每个人吃一个冰淇淋？(treat) (汉译英)
【答案】Since/Now that you have been admitted into/to your dream/ideal university, why not treat everyone to an ice-cream?
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、状语从句和时态语态。此处为since或now that引导的原因状语从句，表示“被录取”短语为be admitted into/to，此处应用现在完成时的被动语态；表示“心仪的学校”翻译为your dream/ideal university；表示“何不做某事”短语为why not do sth.；表示“请每个人吃一个冰淇淋”翻译为treat everyone to an ice-cream。故翻译为Since/Now that you have been admitted into/to your dream/ideal university, why not treat everyone to an ice-cream?
74. 在传统文化中注入创意能吸引更多年轻人，但原汁原味地传承我们的传统也很重要。(pass) (汉译英)
【答案】Though adding innovative ideas to our traditional culture can appeal to/attract more young people, it is also important to pass down traditions in their original form.
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句及it作形式主语。本句描述一般事实，时态应用一般现在时。表示“虽然……但”用Though引导让步状语从句；表示“把……注入……中”用add…to…；表示“创意”用innovative ideas；表示“我们的传统文化”用our traditional culture。表示“吸引”用appeal to/attract；表示“更多年轻人”用more young people。表示“虽然在传统文化中注入创意能吸引更多年轻人”用动名词短语作主语Though adding innovative ideas to our traditional culture can appeal to/attract more young people。表示“传承传统”用pass down traditions；表示“原汁原味地”用in one’s original form；表示“做……是重要的”用it作形式主语it is important to do sth.；表示“也”用also。表示“原汁原味地传承我们的传统也很重要”用it is also important to pass down traditions in their original form。故答案为Though adding innovative ideas to our traditional culture can appeal to/attract more young people, it is also important to pass down traditions in their original form.
75. 生活不如意时，文学书籍给我们提供了可以达到的一种比现实更美好的境界，弥补我们现实生活中所存在的不堪和粗糙。(when) (汉译英)
【答案】When life does not turn out what it is meant to be/turn out the way we want it to, literary books/classics/literature provide(s) us with something better than the reality, something reachable making up for the ugliness and roughness in real life.
【解析】
【详解】考查时间状语从句、宾语从句和固定短语。表示“生活不如意时”用when引导时间状语从句，翻译为when life does not turn out what it is meant to be/turn out the way we want it to，what引导宾语从句；主句主语为literary books/classics/literature；表示“给我们提供了可以达到的一种比现实更美好的境界”翻译为provide(s) us with something better than the reality；表示“弥补我们现实生活中所存在的不堪和粗糙”翻译为something reachable making up for the ugliness and roughness in real life，为独立主格结构。句子为一般现在时。故翻译为When life does not turn out what it is meant to be/turn out the way we want it to, literary books/classics/literature provide(s) us with something better than the reality, something reachable making up for the ugliness and roughness in real life.
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是汇文中学的李星，你很想成为一名美食评论员(food critic)，学校校报主编给你布置了一个任务——针对你校周围新开的一家中餐馆，写一篇餐馆评论(review)。你的文章应含有以下内容：
·你的用餐经历；(可以提到食物质量，用餐环境，服务态度等方面)
·你是否会推荐该餐馆。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Today I would like to introduce a new Chinese restaurant to you, which is called Shike and is located near Huiwen high school. If you go there, you will always want to eat there. It’s attractive to us students for four reasons.
First of all, it’s decorated in a special way and looks romantic and unusual. The quiet atmosphere attracts students who want to chat with friends. Secondly, the food cooked there is so yummy and looks delicate, which is different from other restaurants. The food there is very fresh and healthy, so you needn’t worry about the quality of food. Thirdly, the service there is really excellent. The waiters are very nice and kind. Last but not least, the price of food is not expensive.
I love the restaurant and recommend all of you to take a chance. I’m sure that you won’t regret.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生针对你校周围新开的一家中餐馆，写一篇餐馆评论。
【详解】1.词汇积累
有吸引力的：attractive→appealing
独特的：special→unique
与……聊天：chat with→talk with/to
不同的：different→distinct
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：The food there is very fresh and healthy, so you needn’t worry about the quality of food.
拓展句：Because the food there is very fresh and healthy, you needn’t worry about the quality of food.
【点睛】【高分句型1】If you go there, you will always want to eat there. (运用if引导条件状语从句)
【高分句型2】Secondly, the food cooked there is so yummy and looks delicate, which is different from other restaurants. (运用了which引导的非限性定语从句)