2022-2023学年上海市浦东新区新川中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年上海市浦东新区新川中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版），共25页。
上海市浦东新区新川中学2022学年度第一学期期中考试
高三英语试卷
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said. The[conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have beard.
1.A. At a bus station. B. At an airport C. At a travel agency. D. In a parking lot.
2.A. Teacher and student B. Customer and shop-assistant.
C. Boss and secretary. D. Client and mechanic.
3.A.$700. B.$900. C$2100. D.$3000.
4.A. Calm. B. Surprised. C. Anxious. D. Angry.
5.A. She hasn't heard about the man's problem. B. The man should have seen the doctor.
C. She needs to check the man's schedule. D. Tennis players often injure their backs.
6.A. Take the clothes out of the dryer. B. Dry his clothes for another fifteen minutes.
C. Wash his clothes again. D. Examine the dryer for damage.
7.A. The man is asking for help for his report..
B. The woman knows very little about Mexico.
C. The man has lived in Mexico for many years.
D. The man's report is concerned with Mexican cuisine.
8.A. Better Life Program is funded by Mary.
B. Better Life Program helps homeless people to live a better life.
C. Better life Program helps disabled people to stand on their feet again.
D. Better Life Program focuses on feeding and arranging housing for the homeless.
9.A. She likes to cry loudly like a wolf B. She likes giving others false alarm.
C. She was hurt by someone last night; D. She doesn't get on well with her roommate.
10.A. He has been fired by the company. B. He has been offered a new job.
C. He has been asked to have a holiday. D. He has been warned by his boss.
Section B
Directions:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be he asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will he read twice, hut the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based oil the following passage.
11.A. It can create smells and give them off to any scenes.
B.It can identify different flowers through its built-in sensors.
C.It can make sweet smells by mixing flowers with vapor.
D.It can record various smells digitally and reproduce them.
12. A. It helps make sure that perfumes are truly genuine.
B.It helps shoppers locate check out the perfumes before they buy.
C.It helps shoppers locate the right brand of perfume.
D.It can recommend right perfumes to shoppers.
13. A. The device is sensitive to any smell the human nose can detect。
B.The device has recreated the smells of fish and gasoline.
C.The device is made small enough to be easily carried.
D.Smells are programmed to accompany movie scenes.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. It had no elevator at all.
B. It had a metal structure.
C.It was constructed without bricks.
D. It was more than ten storeys high.
15. A. It was the first skyscraper with walls of glass.
B. It was not built by an architect from Chicago.
C. It was the tallest skyscraper built in the 1800s.
D. It did not have enough support for its height
16. A. The development of Chicago after fire disaster of 1871.
B. Architects’ understanding of how skyscrapers are developing.
C. Two of the skyscrapers in Chicago that bring innovations.
D. The building techniques that have been employed in skyscrapers.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the Mowing conversation.
17.A. Pile the used textbooks up in his study.
B. Donate the used textbooks to students In poorer areas.
C. Sell the used textbooks to second-hand book bookstores.
D. Exchange the used textbooks with friends for new textbooks.
18. A.Xianyu. B.Ebey. C-Kongfz. D. Taobao.
19. A. Second-handbooks are cheaper.
B.Second-hand books are of good quality
C. Buying and using second-hand books can help protect the environment.
D. Second-hand books are valuable because some old books are out of print.
20. A. The woman is working on a project on the use of textbooks.
B. The man has decided to buy second-hand books next semester.
C. Most textbooks are reused now since more people have realized the problem.
D. Many middle school students sell the textbooks at the price of 1 yuan per kilogram.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Direction: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent an grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Couponing for Charity
Feeding 5,000 people every month is a tall order. For Lauren Puryear — single mother, full-time mental health therapist, and founder of the nonprofit For the Love of Others — the secret ingredient is coupons. Lots and lots of coupons(优惠券).
The meals themselves are often quite impressive. 29-year-old Puryear prides ____1____ on preparing and serving dishes to the poor and homeless. She feeds them several weekends a month, in a number of cities.
Still, she manages to do it all for nothing, _____2_____ the menu depends entirely on that week’s bargains. “The best way to get _____3_____(low) cost is to match the coupon when the item is on sale.’’ she explains. Her brilliant talents save between $250 and $1,000 per grocery trip.
Puryear inherited her passion ____4____ culinary (烹饪的)giving from her grandmother Marison Smith. When Smith saw beggars on the streets of Paterson, New Jersey, she would offer to buy them food instead of giving them money.
Puryear got into the act when she was ten. If there were leftovers from dinner, Smith would put them in a container, _____5_____(rely) on her granddaughter to give them to the homeless man on the street.
When Puryear founded her nonprofit, she chose the name For the Love of Others to honor her grandmother, who passed away in 2012. “Love was just the central core of her being,’’ Puryear says.
Mrs. Smith would certainly be proud of her granddaughter’s efforts and her impact. At one meal in Baltimore, three boys asked ___6___they could take extra sandwiches. ‘‘We’ll eat this today, but we’ll be hungry tomorrow,” one said. Puryear let them take five each. The boy’s ___7___(cry) mother thanked Puiyear, explaining how she uses her entire paycheck for the hotel room ____8____they live. They never know what they _____9_____(eat) day to day.
“Stories like that, that’s why we do what we do,” Puryear says. “Something as simple as couponing, _____10_____takes a couple of hours out of my day, can help somebody eat for three or four days - that’s amazing to me.”
【答案】1. herself
2. because 3. the lowest
4. for 5. relying
6. if##whether
7. crying 8. where
9. will eat
10. which
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述一位妇女通过收集优惠券来帮助运营她的慈善组织的故事。
【1题详解】
考查代词。句意：29岁的Puryear为自己为穷人和无家可归者准备和提供菜肴感到自豪。pride oneself on为……感到自豪。根据前文可知，Puryear是一位单身母亲，所以用反身代词herself。故填herself。
【2题详解】
考查连词。句意：尽管如此，她还是成功地做到了这一切，因为菜单完全取决于当周特价商品。前后句之间为因果关系，所以用连词because。故填because。
【3题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：“获得最低成本的最好方法是在商品打折时搭配优惠券。”她解释道。根据最高级The best和句意可知，用形容词最高级形式。故填the lowest。
【4题详解】
考查介词。句意：Puryear从祖母Marison Smith那里继承了她对烹饪的热情。passion for对……的强烈爱好； 热爱。故填for。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：如果晚餐有剩饭，史密斯会把它们放在一个容器里，靠她孙女把它们送给街上的无家可归的人。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语Smith与rely之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填relying。
【6题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：在巴尔的摩的一次用餐中，三个男孩问他们是否可以多带三明治。本句为宾语从句，表示“是否”之意，所以用连接代词if或whether引导，故填if/whether。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：男孩的母亲哭着感谢普伊伊尔，并解释了她是如何用自己的全部工资支付他们住的酒店房间的。名词mother与cry之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填crying。
【8题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：男孩的母亲哭着感谢普伊伊尔，并解释了她是如何用自己的全部工资支付他们住的酒店房间的。句中先行词为the hotel room，定语从句中缺少地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【9题详解】
考查时态。句意：他们永远不知道每天要吃什么。空处在从句中作谓语，从句表示将来发生的事情，用一般将来时。故填will eat。
【10题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：像优惠券这样简单的事情，只占用了我一天中几个小时的时间，却能帮助别人吃上三四天，这对我来说太神奇了。句中先行词为couponing，指物，非限定性定语从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Bach word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. stimulating B. passionate C. capacity D. associated E. deliberately
F. resolute G. satisfying H. sweat I. breeds J. registers K. subjected
Find your happy place: How to outsmart(智胜) stress
If you re all too familiar with the physical sense of being stressed, it may be time to make some changes. Over time, this can negatively affect your body, leading to fatigue and headaches. Here are a few ways that research suggests can help you keep calm and carry on.
Work up a ___11___.
When we're stressed, the part of our brain that ___12___fear lights up like a fireworks display. Regular exercise can provide a(n) ____13____ release for frustration and other negative feelings.
It may reduce stress hormones, and it can trigger (激发）your body to release feel-good chemicals that can help boost your mood.
Be decisive
We face dozens of choices every day, and each of them involves our mental____14____and requires us to make a decision. It turns out that being good at making decisions may be good for our healtii. Research shows that decisive people may have lower levels of the stress hormone cortisol (皮质醇)than poor decision-makers. Want to be more ___15___? Simplify your decisions by focusing on facts, so you understand what's really at stake. Reframe problems as opportunities
Bottling up your feelings ___16___ anxiety.
The next time you’re sweating something, pause and ask yourself: What are the positives?
How can I look at this as a(n) ____17____ challenge rather than a problem? Changing the way you lode at a situation can help you respond a less stressful way.
See every glass as at least half full
Are you a pessimist?.Chances are you can change your outlook through your experiences. The best strategy is to ____18____ avoid other pessimists, and surround yourself with optimists whose positive vibes are infectious.' Ifs also important to feel as if you have a purpose every day- whether that comes from your work, family and friends or an activity. Having something that you’re ____19____about, and achieving goals _____20_____with it, can help many people have a more optimistic outlook.
【答案】11. H 12. J
13. G 14. C
15. F 16. I
17. A 18. E
19. B 20. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何战胜压力。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：出一身汗。根据下文内容可知，这里主要介绍通过锻炼缓解压力，即“出一身汗”。不定冠词a后接名词形式。名词sweat为“汗水”之意，符合句意。故选H。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：当我们感到压力时，大脑中记录恐惧的部分就会像烟花表演一样亮起来。从句中缺少谓语动词。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。关系代词that代指先行词the part of our brain，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。动词register为“记录”之意，符合句意。故选J。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：有规律的锻炼可以让沮丧和其他负面情绪得到满意的释放。名词release前用形容词修饰。形容词satisfying为“令人满意的”之意，符合句意。故选G。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：我们每天面临几十个选择，每一个都涉及到我们的心智能力，需要我们做出决定。形容词mental后接名词形式。名词capacity为“能力”之意，符合句意。故选C。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：想要更坚决? 句中用形容词作表语。形容词resolute为“坚决的；果断的”之意，符合句意。故选F。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：压抑你的感情会滋生焦虑。句中缺少谓语动词。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。动词breed为“引起，产生”之意，符合句意。故选I。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我怎样才能把这看作是一个令人振奋的挑战，而不是一个问题?名词challenge前用形容词修饰。形容词stimulating为“令人兴奋的”之意，符合句意。故选A。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：最好的策略是刻意避开其他悲观主义者，让自己周围都是乐观主义者，他们的积极情绪是有感染力的。修饰动词avoid，用副词形式。副词deliberately为“故意地”之意，符合句意。故选E。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：拥有你热爱的东西，并实现与之相关的目标，可以帮助许多人拥有更乐观的前景。短语be passionate about，表示“对……充满热情”。形容词passionate为“热情的；激情的”之意，符合句意。故选B。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：拥有你热爱的东西，并实现与之相关的目标，可以帮助许多人拥有更乐观的前景。短语be associated with，表示“与……相联系”，在句中作定语，修饰名词goals。形容词associated为“联合的；相关的”之意，符合句意。故选D。
IIL Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
How to recognize cyber attacks
Cyber-attacks may sound like something that happens only in Hollywood movies. You ____21____a team of talented Hackers gathered around computer monitors trying to break into a secure bank or government server. In reality, cyber-attacks are much less exciting but no less ____22____.
A/An____23____attack involves a cyber-criminal sending out thousands or oven millions of links and flies. They assume that someone will____24____ fall for their trap and open an infected file or page. Somebody always does. The best way to protect yourself is to learn how to ____25____cyber-attacks as well as how to prevent them from happening in the first place.
Cyber-attacks can happen to anybody. It doesn’t matter who you are; cyber criminals can target you. While many often think of hacking victims as____26____about digital security best practices, this isn’t always the case. Kickers are smart. True, there are plenty of apparent scams (骗局) like ‘the Nigerian Price" emails. But there are as many attacks that can fool even the skillful computer-users.
Nowadays, cyber-criminals create fake websites and email addresses. You may think you are clicking a link to Dropbox (多宝箱) only to download malware onto your computer, ____27____may never know when you have visited the wrong site and downloaded a/an___28___file. So, it’s up to you to be vigilant (警觉的) and protect yourself.
So you need to lean to recognize the signs of cyber-attacks. First, recognize ____29____activity on your accounts or devices. ______30______ some things may be obvious such as account password changes, others aren’t so easy to spot. Usually, hackers insert pieces of code into valid files and programs. And then, you might receive a file from a trusted sender whose mail has been _____31_____. Sometimes, the data are even real, but the hacker may have inserted a few lines of code that can also infect your computer. You should take the time to check your “Task Manager” to get a sense of what______32______are running. Check anything suspicious that’s _____33_____in the background. That’s often the sign of malware.
Other things to ______34______for include: random device or internet slowdown; the software you don’t recognize; inability to access your account or unscheduled shutdowns and restarts.
As with everything, ______35______ is the best medicine. So, instead of waiting for cyber-attacks to hit you, recognize the signs to protect yourself.
21. A. gather B. picture C. find D. establish
22. A. dangerous B. worried C. cautious D. helpless
23 A. historic B. typical C. potential D. specific
24. A. halfway B. originally C. periodically D. eventually
25. A. predict B. limit C. warn D. recognize
26. A. fearless B. soundless C. clueless D. careless
27. A. in conclusion B. and C. but D. as if .
28. A. empty B. supervised C. tracked D. infected
29. A. powerful B. suspicious C. specific D. frequent
30. A. While B. Since C. If D. When
31. A. guaranteed B. assessed C. leaked D. composed
32. A. mechanisms B. files C. programs D. commands
33. A. attacking B. chatting C. hiding D. running
34. A. sum up B. watch out C. mark off D. turn down
35. A. strategy B. practice C. solution D. prevention
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何识别网络攻击。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：想象一下，一帮神通广大的黑客围在电脑显示器旁，试图入侵银行或政府的安全服务器。A. gather聚集；B. picture想象；C. find发现；D. establish建立。根据前文“Cyber-attacks may sound like something that happens only in Hollywood movies.”可知，可能听起来网络攻击也许只会出现在好莱坞电影里，因此推断下文“a team of talented Hackers gathered around computer monitors trying to break Into a secure bank or government server.”是作者让读者想象的东西。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，网络攻击没那么令人兴奋，而是同样危险。A. dangerous危险的；B. worried担心的；C. cautious谨慎的；D. helpless无助的。根据下文“A/An____3____attack involves a cyber-criminal sending out thousands or oven millions of links and flies.”可知，在典型的网络攻击中网络罪犯发送数千甚至数百万个链接和文件，因此网络攻击是危险的。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在典型的网络攻击中，网络罪犯发送数千甚至数百万个链接和文件。A. historic与历史有关的；B. typical典型的；C. potential潜在的；D. specific明确的。根据下文“attack involves a cyber-criminal sending out thousands or oven millions of links and flies”可知，此处讲述了一个非常典型的网络攻击。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们认为终会有人落入陷阱，打开感染病毒的文件或页面。A. halfway在中途；B. originally起初；C. periodically周期性地；D. eventually最终。根据下文“Somebody always does.”可知，网络攻击犯罪分子认为最终会有人打开病毒文件或页面，的确有人经常这么做。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：保护自己的最佳方法是学习如何识别网络攻击并防患于未然。A. predict预测；B. limit限制；C. warn警告；D. recognize识别。根据下文“as well as how to prevent them from happening in the first place”可推断，学会如何识别网络攻击防患于未然。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管很多人往往以为黑客受害者对保护数字安全的最佳做法一无所知，但事实并非总是如此。A. fearless无所畏惧的；B. soundless无声的；C. clueless(对某事)不懂的；D. careless粗心大意的。根据下文“this isn’t always the case.Kickers are smart. True, there are plenty of apparent scams (骗局) like ‘the Nigerian Price" emails. But there are as many attacks that can fool even the skillful computer-users.(但事实并非总是如此。黑客很聪明。诚然，有很多像“尼日利亚王子”邮件这样明显的骗局，但也有很多的攻击能让最精明的计算机用户上当受骗。)”可知，事实并不像很多人认为的一样，以为黑客受害者对保护数字安全的最佳做法一无所知，可是，虽然能够识别一些明显的骗局，但是有些攻击会让最精明的用户上当受骗。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：你以为点击的是多宝箱的链接，结果却下载了恶意软件到电脑上，并且你可能永远都不知道自己什么时候访问了错误的网站，还下载了被感染的文件。A. in conclusion最后；B. and并且；C. but但是；D. as if似乎。根据上下文语境可知，前后文是顺承关系。故选B。
28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. empty清空；B. supervised监督；C. tracked追踪；D. infected感染。根据下文“So, it’s up to you to be vigilant (警供的) and protect yourself.”可知，你必须提高警惕保护自己，因此推断访问了错误的网站，下载了感染了病毒的文件。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先识别你的账号或设备上的可疑行为。A. powerful强大的；B. suspicious可疑的；C. specific明确的；D. frequent频繁的。根据上文“So you need to lean to recognize the signs of cyber-attacks.”可知，识别账号或设备上的可疑行为，学会识别网络攻击的迹象。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：尽管有些情况或许很明显，比如篡改账号密码，但其他情况就不那么容易被发现了。A. While尽管；B. Since自从；C. If如果；D. When当……时候。根据下文“some things may be obvious such as account password changes, others aren’t so easy to spot”可知，上下文是让步关系，应用while引导让步状语从句。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，你可能会收到来自可信发件人的文件，而其电子邮件已泄露。A. guaranteed保证；B. assessed评估；C. leaked泄露；D. composed组成。根据下文“Sometimes, the data are even real, but the hacker may have inserted a few lines of code that can also infect your computer.”可知，黑客插入了几行代码，它们也能感染你的电脑，因此推断邮件已经泄露。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：你应该花点儿时间检查“任务管理器”，搞清楚哪些程序正在运行。A. mechanisms机制；B. files文件；C. programs程序；D. commands命令。根据上文“You should take the time to check your “Task Manager””可知，检查任务管理器是为了弄清楚那些程序在运行。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：检查后台任何可疑的运行程序。那通常是恶意软件的迹象。A. attacking攻击；B. chatting闲聊；C. hiding躲藏；D. running运行。根据下文“That’s often the sign of malware.(那通常是恶意软件的迹象)”可知，后台有恶意软件在运行。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：其它需要提防的事项还包括：随机设备或互联网减速；不认识的软件；无法登录账号和莫名的关机和重启。A. sum up总结；B. watch out提防；C. mark off划出；D. turn down拒绝。根据下文“random device or internet slowdown; the software you don’t recognize; inability to access your account or unscheduled shutdowns and restarts”可知，这些都是需要提防的东西，watch out for“提防某物”。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：預防是最佳方法，万事皆如此。A. strategy策略；B. practice实践；C. solution解决办法；D. prevention预防。根据下文“So, instead of waiting for cyber-attacks to hit you, recognize the signs to protect yourself.(因此，不要坐等网络攻击找上你，识别迹象来保护自己)”可知，预防是最佳办法。故选D。

Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
When ten-year-old Reese Osterberg lost her Fresno County, California, home to one of the largest wildfires in state history early last fall, she had a very pressing concern: did anyone grab her baseball cards?
No one had. With a houseful of kids and dogs and a farm’s worth of horses to evacuate, the family forgot the cards during the stress. Naturally, the diehard (顽固的) San Francisco Giants and Little League lefty with a swing as smooth as butter was upset. When she watched the Giants on TV, she would lay out each player’s card on the floor in his corresponding field position. “I like baseball cards because they are pictures of people doing happy stuff — doing what they love, and what I love.” said Reese.
Reese’s loss touched the hearts of the Fresno County fire department, which posted her story on its Facebook page with a request to help Reese restore her baseball card collection. That, in turn, touched the heart of Kevin Ashford.
Ashford knew exactly where Reese could find replacement cards: in his garage. He had more than 25,000 in his collection, with an exact value of 35,000 to 50,000. Ashford had been thinking about selling them when he saw the fire department’s post. “I wasn’t really doing anything with them,” said Ashford,“I thought I could take care of this problem rather quickly.”
First volunteers transported the cards from Ashford’s garage to theirs and then surprised Reese during a tour of the firehouse. Towers of Ashford’s cards were piled in front of the fire engine. After thanking Ashford, Reese was quick to share the thousands of baseball cards she received from Ashford and donors around the country with other kids affected by California’s Creek Fire.
She’s gotten so many, in fact, that she started Cards From Reese, an organization that collects cards and donates them to those in need. Reese is especially happy to part with Los Angeles Dodgers cards. As she explains it: “Go Giants!”
36. Why did Reese lose her baseball cards?
A. She had a very large concern.
B. The family forgot where Reese put the cards.
C. Her house was burnt by the destructive.
D. Someone from a houseful of kids took away her cards.
37. What does the underlined word “evacuate” in Para 2 mean?
A. flee B. resettle C. raise D. withdraw
38. After Ashford saw the post, he __________.
A. wanted to sell the cards to the department.
B. transported the cards to the firehouse
C. decided to donate his cards to Reese
D. prepared to sell his cards to Reese In his his garage
39. Reese established “Cards from Reese” in order to ___________.
A. Give cards to people in need
B. share her passion for baseball with others
C. collect all her cards for some benefits
D. get help from the Fresno County Fire department
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. C 39. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Reese收集的棒球卡在一次火灾中都被烧毁了，但是后来Ashford和其它捐赠者给她捐赠了数千张卡片，于是Reese创办了Cards from Reese组织，这个组织收集卡片，然后把卡片捐赠给那些有需要的人。从这个故事中我们可以学到，爱可以从一个人传递到另一个人。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“When ten-year-old Reese Osterberg lost her Fresno County, California, home to one of the largest wildfires in state history early last fall, she had a very pressing concern: did anyone grab her baseball cards? (去年秋初，10岁的里斯·奥斯特伯格在加州历史上最大的野火之一失去了加州弗雷斯诺县的家，她有一个非常紧迫的担忧：有人拿过她的棒球卡吗?)”可知，Reese丢了她的棒球卡是因为她的房子被毁灭性的大火烧毁了。故选C。
【37题详解】
词句猜测题。划线词所在句“With a houseful of kids and dogs and a farm’s worth of horses to evacuate, the family forgot the cards during the stress. (有一屋子的孩子和狗，还有一个农场的马要evacuate，这个家庭紧张中忘记了卡片。)”可知，大火发生时，要先撤离孩子、狗和马，所以忘记了卡片。划线词evacuate与withdraw同义，意为“撤离”。故选D。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Ashford had been thinking about selling them when he saw the fire department’s post. ‘I wasn’t really doing anything with them,’ said Ashford, ‘I thought I could take care of this problem rather quickly.’(Ashford一直在考虑掉卖他的卡片，这时他看到消防部门发布的帖子。“它们对我来说并没有什么用，”阿什福德说，“我想我可以很快解决这个问题。”)”和第五段中“First volunteers transported the cards from Ashford’s garage to theirs and then surprised Reese during a tour of the firehouse.(志愿者们首先把卡片从Ashford的车库运到他们的车库，然后在参观消防站时给了Reese一个惊喜。)”可推知，Ashford看到帖子后，决定把他的卡片捐给Reese。故选C。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“She’s gotten so many, in fact, that she started Cards From Reese, an organization that collects cards and donates them to those in need. (事实上，她收到了这么多卡片，以至于她创办了Cards From Reese组织，收集卡片并将它们捐赠给有需要的人。)”可知，Reese创立了Cards From Reese是为了给有需要的人卡片。故选A。
(B)
Isaac Newton on a skateboard?
Does maths explain everything?
It’s long time since most of us were at school, sitting in maths class and thinking: “When am I ever going to need this?” As adults we know that the answer is “all the time” --maths is everywhere, and not just in the places you’d expect. The challenge is to help children realize its relevance to their everyday life.
AQUlLA’s Real World Maths Issue:
They may not know it, but even skateboarders and dancers are using maths all the time --- and your local skate park is actually a great place to put mathematical theory (think calculus) into action! In this issue, children can read about Sir Christopher Wren’s plans for re-building London; try AQUILA’s topologist game; investigate snowflakes-nature’s little mathematical masterpieces, and learn about artist L.S Lowry’s ideas on perspective. Plus: find out some really bad maths that ended up in catastrophe and discover why being a perfectionist is not always a bad thing.
“......Advanced & Philosophical, Curious & Puzzling”
RICHARD ROBINSON, BRIGHTON SCIENCE FESTIVAL
40. The passage is intended to_________.
A. explain some myths about Isaac Newton
B. attract parents and children to subscribe to the magazine
C. explain some real world maths issues
D. encourage students to read more books on maths
41. We can infer from the passage that_________________.
A. Schools fail to help students realise maths’ relevance to daily life.
B. Learning maths helps people become perfectionists
C. AQUILA was well-received at Brighton Science Festival
D. Parents can give AQUILA to their six year olds as a birthday gift.
42. Which of the following statement about AQUILA Magazine is true?
A. It founds a special club for the curious kids.
B. Its content exclusively focuses on Science.
C. It’s more challenging than the school curriculum.
D. It stimulates children’s curiosity to test new ideas.
【答案】40. B 41. A 42. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了《AQUlLA》杂志，帮助孩子探索数学与日常生活的相关性。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“In this issue, children can read about Sir Christopher Wren’s plans for re-building London; (在本期杂志中，孩子们可以读到克里斯托弗·雷恩爵士重建伦敦的计划；)”及全文可推断，本文旨在吸引家长和孩子订阅《AQUlLA》杂志。故选B。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“It’s long time since most of us were at school, sitting in maths class and thinking: “When am I ever going to need this?”(很久以前，我们大多数人都在学校里，坐在数学课上思考：“我什么时候需要这个? ”)”可推断，学校没能帮助学生认识到数学与日常生活的关联。故选A。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“They may not know it, but even skateboarders and dancers are using maths all the time --- and your local skate park is actually a great place to put mathematical theory (think calculus) into action! In this issue, children can read about Sir Christopher Wren’s plans for re-building London; try AQUILA’s topologist game; investigate snowflakes-nature’s little mathematical masterpieces, and learn about artist L.S Lowry’s ideas on perspective. Plus: find out some really bad maths that ended up in catastrophe and discover why being a perfectionist is not always a bad thing. (他们可能不知道，但即使是滑板运动员和舞者也一直在使用数学——你当地的滑板公园实际上是一个把数学理论（想想微积分）付诸行动的好地方!在本期杂志中，孩子们可以读到克里斯托弗·雷恩爵士重建伦敦的计划；试试AQUILA的拓扑学游戏；研究雪花——大自然的小小数学杰作，了解艺术家L.S Lowry关于透视的想法。另外，你还可以发现一些糟糕的数学结果，并发现为什么做一个完美主义者并不总是一件坏事。)”可知，《AQUILA》杂志激发了孩子们测试新想法的好奇心。故选D。
(C)
We all know that the blue light that emits from our smartphones isn’t good for our eyes, but a new study has discovered just how much damage it can cause. Researchers say that this light is absorbed by vital molecules in our retina (视网膜) and triggers the production of a toxic chemical that kill cells.
This damage can lead to large blind spots in our vision that are the hallmark of macular degeneration (黄斑变性), a disease that leads to blindness. The team from die University of Toledo in Ohio says it is urging the public not to use phones in the dark because this can dilate (放大) pupils and lead to even more harmful blue light entering our eyes.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss for those aged 50 or older, according to the National Eye Institute. The condition occurs when the macula, an oval area near the center of Ae retina that allows for sharp vision, becomes damaged.
Sufferers will experience blurred vision or even ‘blind spots’ in their central vision that may grow larger as the retina dies. Treatments include medications that stop new blood vessels from forming in the eye as well as laser therapies that destroy abnormal blood vessels.
For this study, the team decided to focus on retinal, a form of vitamin A found in the retina that coverts light into metabolic energy. Photoreceptor cells (感光细胞) use retinal to covert light into signals that are sent to the brain.
“The human eye reflects UV light (such as from the sun) very well but it allows blue light to enter and the retinal can absorb blue light very well”, lead author Dr Ajith Kanmaratfme, an assistant professor in the UT department of chemistry and biochemistry, told Daily Mail Online.
Dr Karunarathne noted that blue light alone or retinal that hadn’t absorbed blue light did not have any effect on the cells. He added that there was no activity when retinal was exposed to other light colors such as green, red or yellow.
The team did find a molecule, a vitamin E derivative (衍生物) known as alpha tocopherol, that can stop the cells from dying.
“When you damage the photoreceptor cells, they’re damaged for good, so the vitamin E derivative currently just reduces damage,” said Dr Karunarathne. “We’re currently screening for more molecules to see if they can stop this damaging reaction.”
He explained that as we get older, the ability to prevent attacks from retinal that has absorbed blue light became weaker, which leads to macular degeneration.
“Looking at cell phones in the dark can be very harmful because the pupils are dilated so more blue light can get in and cause damage”, he said.
43. What does the underlined word “hallmark” in Para 2 mean?
A. method B. symbol C. idea D. feature
44. Blue light damages our vision because it can ________.
A. dilate pupils to cause retina cells die
B. cause large blind spots related to blindness
C. produce a chemical that destroys blood vessels
D. be reflected by important molecules in our retina
45. Which of the following statements may Dr. Ajitii Ktrunarathne agree with?
A. Blue light alone has great Influence on the cell.
B. People’s eyes can absorb both UV light and blue light.
C. Alpha Tocopherol will help photoreceptor cells to recover.
D. The ability to withstand attacks from retinal becomes weak when we become older.
46. What is most likely to be further discussed if the article continues?
A. Some ways to protect our vision.
B. The reasons for macular degeneration.
C. The function of the vitamin E derivative.
D. How photoreceptor cells convert light into signals.
【答案】43. D 44. B 45. D 46. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最新研究显示，手机和电子产品发出的蓝光对眼睛的伤害是不可逆转的。
【43题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前半句“This damage can lead to large blind spots in our vision (这种伤害可导致视力出现较大的盲点)”和后半句“a disease that leads to blindness.(这种疾病会导致失明。)”可知，这种伤害可导致视力出现较大的盲点，这也是黄斑变性的典型特征。所以hallmark为“特征”之意。故选D。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“This damage can lead to large blind spots in our vision that are the hallmark of macular degeneration(黄斑变性), a disease that leads to blindness. (这种伤害可导致视力出现较大的盲点，这也是黄斑变性的典型特征。黄斑变性会导致失明。)”可知，蓝光损害我们的视力，因为它可以造成与失明相关较大的盲点。故选B。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数二段“He explained that as we get older, the ability to prevent attacks from retinal that has absorbed blue light became weaker, which leads to macular degeneration. (他解释说，随着年龄的增长，吸收了蓝光的视网膜防受损能力也在减弱，导致黄斑变性。)”可知，当我们变老时，抵抗视网膜攻击的能力变弱。故选D。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段““Looking at cell phones in the dark can be very harmful because the pupils are dilated so more blue light can get in and cause damage”, he said. (他说：“在暗处看手机非常有害，因为瞳孔会放大，从而使更多蓝光进入眼睛，导致伤害。”)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍蓝光对眼睛的伤害，从而推断，如果文章继续，最有可能进一步讨论一些保护视力的方法。故选A。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill In each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
How to Think Like A Utopian(乌托邦人）
“It’s important that you have some idea of where you want to go, some kind of dream,” says Rutger Bregman, 33, a Dutch historian and author who has written about utopian thinking. ____47____ .Throughout history, many significant milestones--democracy, the elimination of slavery, equal rights for men and women--began as utopian dreams.
To engage in utopian thinking, you can’t just focus on the present There’s nothing Inherent (内在的)about our current political, economic and nodal realities; people made these systems and can make them anew. ____48____ A sensationalistic daily news cycle can restrict your ability to see the world as anything but dangerous, violent and mean.
Utopianism doesn’t require you to be optimistic. In Act, that kind of “don’t worry, everything will work out” view can lead to self-content. ____49____ To be Utopian takes grand ambitious thinking. But when it comes to implementing these ideas into policies and practice, Bregam suggests a humble and careful approach.
____50____ “Dystopias (反面乌托邦的）tend to be much better entertainment,” Bregman says. Notice, though, if those plotlines start eroding your view of human nature. To think like a utopian, it helps to believe that humans are fundamentally decent. Be cautious if your utopias all involve technological fixes or escapist colonies on Mars. The work of imagining features is hard. “In this era of climate breakdown and the extinction of species, it’s obviously easier to think of how it all could end than how it could become much better,” Bregman says. .
A. Instead, be hopeful in a way that moves you toward action.
B. It always starts with people who are first dismissed as unreasonable and unrealistic,” Bregman says.
C. You can be a utopian and still enjoy dystopian fictional narratives.
D. Excessively enthusiastic attachment to utopian blueprints can be dangerous.
E. Don’t underestimate the power of unusual Ideas.
F. To envision something novel, read more history and less news.
【答案】47. E 48. F 49. A 50. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何进行乌托邦式的思考。
【47题详解】
根据后句“Throughout history, many significant milestones—democracy, the elimination of slavery, equal rights for men and women—began as utopian dreams.(纵观历史，许多重要的里程碑——民主、废除奴隶制、男女权利平等——都始于乌托邦的梦想。)”可知，历史上许多不寻常的想法都始于乌托邦的梦想，所以不要低估这些不寻常的想法。所以选择项E“Don’t underestimate the power of unusual Ideas.(不要低估不寻常想法的力量。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。
【48题详解】
根据后句“A sensationalistic daily news cycle can restrict your ability to see the world as anything but dangerous, violent and mean. (每日耸人听闻的新闻循环会限制你看待世界的能力，让你看不到危险、暴力和卑鄙。)”可知，作者建议要少读新闻。所以选择项F“To envision something novel, read more history and less news. (为了想象一些新奇的东西，多读历史，少读新闻。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
【49题详解】
根据前句“In Act, that kind of “don’t worry, everything will work out” view can lead to self-content.(在行动中，这种“别担心，一切都会解决”的观点会导致自我满足。)”和后文“To be Utopian takes grand ambitious thinking. But when it comes to implementing these ideas into policies and practice, Bregam suggests a humble and careful approach. (要成为乌托邦主义者，需要有宏伟的雄心壮志。但当涉及到将这些想法落实到政策和实践中时，布雷甘建议采取谦逊而谨慎的方法。)”可知，这里介绍行动时应具有的态度。所以选择项A“Instead, be hopeful in a way that moves you toward action.(相反，抱着希望去行动吧。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。
【50题详解】
根据后句““Dystopias (反面乌托邦的）tend to be much better entertainment,” Bregman says. (“反乌托邦往往是更好的娱乐，”布雷格曼说。)”可知，这里与反乌托邦有关。所以选择项C“You can be a utopian and still enjoy dystopian fictional narratives.(你可以是一个乌托邦，但仍然享受反乌托邦的虚构叙事。)”符合上下文语境。选择项中的dystopian与后句中的Dystopias相一致。故选C。
IV . Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own word as far as possible.
Cooperative learning May Change Your Mind about Group Work
Two heads are better than one. It means that two people working together have a better chance of solving a problem than one person alone. But not everyone likes working with others ---especially when that means working in a group.
There can be a number of reasons why people dislike group work. Some may feel nervous or uneasy in group situations. Others might have had a bad experience with individuals who did not work well as a team. Another criticism is that teachers or supervisors fail to assign roles to group members. This may create a situation where everyone or no one wants to lead. Whatever the issue, the result is the same: the group does not realize its goal.
Cooperative learning is an educational method that can help to solve this problem. There are many methods of cooperative learning. One of them is to each person in a small group a specific duty to reach a shared goal. For example, if learners are divided into groups of four people each, their roles might be: leader, writer, checker and speaker. The “writer writes down important information from the task. They may also write down the ideas for the speaker to present This structure helps ensure everyone takes part equally in group work. lt also allows each member to play a meaningful part in completing the shared goal.
Retired educator Michelle Manville has written several books about education and learning standards. Many of her books note that cooperative learning creates a supportive group structure and lessens the problem of competitiveness. Studies have also shown that cooperative learning improves learner achievement. This includes one study by American researcher Robert Slavin.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】As we all know, working together contributes to solving problems better. But everyone doesn’t like working together. The reason is that some people suffered from different experiences of group work. Whatever it is, it all causes bad results. Fortunately, cooperative learning can handle the issues by playing different roles in group work, which has proved helpful by some experts.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍团队合作有利于解决问题，但是由于种种原因很多人并不是很喜欢这种工作模式，在教育方法中，合作式学习可以用来帮助解决这一问题，让小组内的每一位成员都有自己的分工，这些都已经得到了很多专家的研究论证。
【详解】1 要点摘录①Two heads are better than one. It means that two people working together have a better chance of solving a problem than one person alone.
②There can be a number of reasons why people dislike group work.
③Whatever the issue, the result is the same: the group does not realize its goal.
④Cooperative learning is an educational method that can help to solve this problem.
⑤Studies have also shown that cooperative learning improves learner achievement. This includes one study by American researcher Robert Slavin.
2.缜密构思
将第①要点进行重组，将第②、③两个要点整合，将④、⑤两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
As we all know, working together contributes to solving problems better.
But everyone doesn’t like working together.
The reason is that some people suffered from different experiences of group work.
Whatever it is, it all causes bad results.
Fortunately, cooperative learning can handle the issues by playing different roles in group work, which has proved helpful by some experts.
【点睛】[高分句型1] As we all know, working together contributes to solving problems better. 用as引导的非限制性定语从句对第一段内容进行总结。
[高分句型2]：Fortunately, cooperative learning can handle the issues by playing different roles in group work, which has proved helpful by some experts. 用which引导的非限制性定语从句对第三段内容进行总结。
V.Translation
Directions: Translate tho following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 从某种意义上来说，经济援助可以缩小目前的贫富差距。（narrow）(汉译英)
【答案】In a sense, financial support can narrow the current gap between the rich and the poor.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和情态动词。in a sense从某种意义上来说；financial support经济援助； narrow the gap缩小差距。the +形容词，表示一类人。情态动词can表示“可以，能够”，后接动词原形。根据句意，故翻译为In a sense, financial support can narrow the current gap between the rich and the poor.
53. 公共交通工具上，应戴好口罩，与同乘者保持距离。（distance) (汉译英)
【答案】You should wear a mask and keep a distance with fellow passengers on public transport.
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和情态动词。wear a mask戴口罩；keep a distance with与……保持距离；fellow passengers同车的人；public transport公共交通。情态动词should，表示“应该，应当”，后接动词原形。根据句意，故翻译为You should wear a mask and keep a distance with fellow passengers on public transport.
54. 据说，一个人在庆祝新年时吃的饺子越多，他挣的钱将会越多。（the more.,.,the more) (汉译英)
【答案】It is said that the more dumplings a person eats during the New Year celebrations, the more money he can make in the New Year.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、短语和固定句型。根据句意，分析句子成分和提示可知，时态为一般现在时，可用固定句型It is said that...，表示“据说……”，从句中使用the more...，the more...表示“越……，越……”，“在庆祝新年时”可译为during the New Year celebrations，故“你在庆祝新年时吃的饺子越多”译为the the more dumplings a person eats during the New Year celebrations,“赚钱”译为make momey，故“他挣的钱将会越多”译为the more money he can make in the New Year.，故答案为It is said that the more dumplings a person eats during the New Year celebrations, the more money he can make in the New Year.
55. 每个人都有义务节约能源，减少碳排放，用爱心和责任心来保护我们共同的家园（It）(汉译英)
【答案】It is everyone’s obligation/duty to save energy, reduce carbon emissions, protect our common home with love and responsibility.
【解析】
【详解】考查it作形式主语，动词短语，名词。表示“义务”用obligation/duty，表示“每个人都有义务”用it is everyone’s obligation/duty ，it置于句首首字母大写，表示“节约能源”用save energy，表示“减少碳排放”用reduce carbon emissions，表示“保护我们共同的家园”用protect our common home，表示“用爱心和责任”用with love and responsibility，这里是作状语，用介词with连接置于句末。故译为表示It is everyone’s obligation/duty to save energy, reduce carbon emissions, protect our common home with love and responsibility。
VI. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的李华，校报“科技创新”专栏正向学生征集新创意，以解决生活中的一些烦恼。你对此很感兴趣，写封电子邮件给该专栏。
邮件内容必须包括：
1）该创意的名称；
2）简述其功能；
3）该创意值得开发的意义及理由。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear editor,
If I could invent something new, I’d invent a device that could put people to sleep immediately and would have no side effects, whose name is Sleeping-helper. You just wear it on your wrist, lie in bed, and it will help you fall asleep in five minutes.
The proper amount of sleep is important for our concentration, mental health, and physical health. Getting enough sleep is a vital human need. For one thing, without sleep our concentration is strongly affected. Mental health is also affected by lack of sleep. They lose their tempers easily and over-react to situations.
Wouldn’t it be great to go to bed every night knowing you’d have no problem getting to sleep, no matter what’s going on in your life? Getting enough sleep is always going to be an important part of how you respond to your situation. I think this device would be very helpful to all of us.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给校报“科技创新”专栏提出一个新创意，以解决生活中的一些烦恼。
【详解】1.词汇积累
立即：immediately →in an instant
重要的：important → of great importance
基本的：vital → fundamental
反映：respond to → in response to
2.句式拓展
同义句转化
原句：I’d invent a device that could put people to sleep immediately and would have no side effects, whose name is Sleeping-helper.
拓展句：I’d invent a device called Sleeping-helper, which could put people to sleep immediately without side effects.
【点睛】[高分句型1] If I could invent something new, I’d invent a device that could put people to sleep immediately and would have no side effects, whose name is Sleeping-helper. (运用了that引导的限制性定语从句和whose引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Wouldn’t it be great to go to bed every night knowing you’d have no problem getting to sleep, (运用了it 作形式主语和现在分词作状语)