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专题一 训练16 环境保护类说明文专练课件PPT
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这是一份专题一 训练16 环境保护类说明文专练课件PPT，共36页。PPT课件主要包含了做真题 悟技法，练模拟 提能力等内容，欢迎下载使用。
知考法 明考向：此类文章近年来在高考试卷中出现的频率较高，一般是在高考阅读理解的第三篇或第四篇。内容多涉及大气污染、温室效应、土地沙漠化、水资源缺乏等以及人类活动对环境造成的影响、环保意识和人类为保护环境所采取的措施等。
(2020·全国Ⅱ，C)When yu were trying t figure ut what t buy fr the envirnmentalist n yur hliday list，fur prbably didn’t crss yur mind.But sme eclgists and fashin(时装) enthusiasts are trying t bring back the market fr fur made frm nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have shwcased nutria fur made int clthes in different styles.“It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur—unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year，”says Cree McCree，prject directr f Righteus Fur.Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters $5 a tail.Sme f the fur ends up in the fashin shws like the ne in Brklyn last mnth.
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild.“The ecsystem dwn there can’t handle this nn-native species(物种).It’s destrying the envirnment.It’s them r us，”says Michael Massimi，an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria in check fr decades，but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Bilgist Edmnd Mutn runs the nutria cntrl prgram fr Luisiana.He says it’s nt easy t cnvince peple that nutria fur is green，but he has n dubt abut it.Hunters bring in mre than 300，000 nutria tails a year，s part f Mutn’s jb these days is trying t prmte fur.
Then there’s Righteus Fur and its unusual fashins.Mdel Paige Mrgan says，“T give peple a guilt-free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them—I think that’s ging t be a massive thing，at least here in New Yrk.”Designer Jennifer Andersn admits it tk her a while t cme arund t the pinin that using nutria fur fr her creatins is mrally acceptable.She’s trying t cme up with a label t attach t nutria fashins t shw it is ec-friendly.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章以新奥尔良和布鲁克林两地的时装秀为载体，倡导人们穿海狸鼠皮做的衣服，因为海狸鼠会破坏生态环境。
28.What is the purpse f the fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn?A.T prmte guilt-free expand the fashin intrduce a new celebrate a winter hliday.
29.Why are scientists cncerned abut nutria?A.Nutria damage the ecsystem are an endangered hurt lcal cat-sized are illegally hunted.
30.What des the underlined wrd“cllapsed”in paragraph 5 prbably mean?A.Bmed. B.Became stable. D.Crashed.
31.What can we infer abut wearing fur in New Yrk accrding t Mrgan?A.It’s frmal. B.It’s ’s harmful. D.It’s traditinal.
A(2022·河北张家口模拟)T tackle the prblem f tiny plastics plluting waterways，chemists in the Czech Republic are thinking small.Their brainchild is a new micrrbt which is n bigger than the tip f a sharpened pencil.When sunlight hits them，they prduce chemical reactins that push them thrugh water in a specific directin.When they find a piece f plastic，
they stick t it and start t break it dwn.Chemist Martin Pumera at the Czech University led the prject.A decade ag，he chse t fcus n the prblem psed by micrplastics.They’re everywhere—frm the bttm f the cean t air blwing nt ice atp muntains.They’ve turned up in drinking water.Sme studies estimate that billins f pieces f plastic end up in the wrld’s waters.The plastic has many surces，frm shpping bags t washing and cleaning wipes.
In lab experiments，the star-shaped swimmers stuck nt each f fur different types f plastic.And after a week expsed t light，the rbts had reduced the weight f the plastics.It wasn’t much—nly by percent.But that was an indicatin that they were breaking the plastic dwn.They als caused the surface f the plastic t change frm smth t rugh.That’s anther sign that the rbts were degrading(分解) it.The new study is a prf f cncept type.That means it shws smething can be dne successfully.
In fact，Pumera says they still have a lng way t g.There are many types f plastics.And even these micrrbts are unlikely t succeed in degrading them all.The researchers als have nt yet shwn hw safe this system is fr the envirnment，althugh Pumera says that’s their next gal.The first real-wrld test will be in a wastewater-treatment plant.“Indeed，”says ne researcher.“We’ll need a lt f testing t shw that they’re safe in pen waterways，such as at sea.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了捷克科学家为了应对日渐严重的微塑料污染问题发明的微型机器人。
1.The micrrbts are pwered by D.pencils
2.What des the authr fcus n in paragraph 2?A.The purpse f Pumera’s preciusness f drinking seriusness f plastic wrking principle f the micrrbts.
3.What shws the effectiveness f the micrrbts in lab experiments?A.The weight lss f the disappearance f the shape change f the imprvement in the purity f water.
4.Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?A.Ways t Obtain Cleaner Drinking WaterB.Micrrbts Invented t Treat WastewaterC.New Hpe fr the Slutin t Plastic PllutinD.Technlgy Widely Applied in Envirnment Prtectin
B(2022·湖南湘潭三模)Ntpla is a Lndn-based firm that makes a seaweed-based substitute fr single-use plastic packaging.Althugh sme f Ntpla’s prducts are suitable t be eaten，they are designed t be disslved(溶解) after usage.The cmpany’s film wrap is made f seaweed lining instead f a cnventinal plastic based cating.This makes the film fully bidegradable and ideal fr use as packaging fr cupbard and bathrm supplies like cffee and tilet paper.
Accrding t the United Natins，331 millin kilgrams f plastic garbage is prduced annually arund the wrld.Rughly 60% f the estimated 9.15 billin tns f plastic prduced since the early 1950s has been taken t landfills r abandned utdrs.Plastics harm the water，the air，and ur bdies.Many experts agree that single-use plastics are unnecessary and dangerus.Sme gvernments and twns in the United States have taken actin.New Yrk has banned mst plastic shpping bags，while plastic straws(吸管) have been banned in Miami Beach.Overseas，India stated in August that it plans t put a wide ban n single-use plastics this upcming summer，with the Eurpean Unin already implementing this ban.
Seaweed cmes in a variety f species and can be harvested r farmed.Ntpla uses plants that have been farmed.Rdrig Garcia Gnzalez and Pierre Paslier，the inventrs f Ntpla，initially cnsidered seaweed as a slutin t the wrld’s plastic prblem fr several reasns.Seaweed is abundant and grws quickly.Additinally it desn’t cmpete with land crps and is highly favred fr its ability t remve sme waste prducts like carbn frm the atmsphere.
In cperatin with the nline fd rdering service Just Eat，the start-up recently tested its prduct.Last year，the tw cmpanies handed ut 30，000 takeaway bxes at varius UK restaurants.Plans are in the wrks t ffer the bxes acrss Eurpe in 2022.Ntpla’s team intends t replace single-use plastic in the supply chain mre generally as they scale.The cmpany recgnizes the difficulty f such a jb given the vlume f plastics cnsumed arund the wrld.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Ntpla公司研究生产的以海藻为原料的一次性塑料包装替代品，介绍了其意义、可行性及前景。
5.Hw des the authr mainly develp paragraph 2?A.By cmparing presenting raising giving examples.
6.What can best replace the underlined wrd“implementing”in paragraph 3?A.Lifting. D.Perfrming.
7.What des paragraph 4 mainly talk abut?A.The wide use f next gal f the new huge market f the plastic advantages f chsing seaweed.
8.What des the cmpany think f its plan t replace the whle single-use plastic?A.It will be will be richly will be a little will be rather successful.
知考法 明考向：此类文章近年来在高考试卷中出现的频率较高，一般是在高考阅读理解的第三篇或第四篇。内容多涉及大气污染、温室效应、土地沙漠化、水资源缺乏等以及人类活动对环境造成的影响、环保意识和人类为保护环境所采取的措施等。
(2020·全国Ⅱ，C)When yu were trying t figure ut what t buy fr the envirnmentalist n yur hliday list，fur prbably didn’t crss yur mind.But sme eclgists and fashin(时装) enthusiasts are trying t bring back the market fr fur made frm nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have shwcased nutria fur made int clthes in different styles.“It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur—unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year，”says Cree McCree，prject directr f Righteus Fur.Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters $5 a tail.Sme f the fur ends up in the fashin shws like the ne in Brklyn last mnth.
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild.“The ecsystem dwn there can’t handle this nn-native species(物种).It’s destrying the envirnment.It’s them r us，”says Michael Massimi，an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria in check fr decades，but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Bilgist Edmnd Mutn runs the nutria cntrl prgram fr Luisiana.He says it’s nt easy t cnvince peple that nutria fur is green，but he has n dubt abut it.Hunters bring in mre than 300，000 nutria tails a year，s part f Mutn’s jb these days is trying t prmte fur.
Then there’s Righteus Fur and its unusual fashins.Mdel Paige Mrgan says，“T give peple a guilt-free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them—I think that’s ging t be a massive thing，at least here in New Yrk.”Designer Jennifer Andersn admits it tk her a while t cme arund t the pinin that using nutria fur fr her creatins is mrally acceptable.She’s trying t cme up with a label t attach t nutria fashins t shw it is ec-friendly.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章以新奥尔良和布鲁克林两地的时装秀为载体，倡导人们穿海狸鼠皮做的衣服，因为海狸鼠会破坏生态环境。
28.What is the purpse f the fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn?A.T prmte guilt-free expand the fashin intrduce a new celebrate a winter hliday.
29.Why are scientists cncerned abut nutria?A.Nutria damage the ecsystem are an endangered hurt lcal cat-sized are illegally hunted.
30.What des the underlined wrd“cllapsed”in paragraph 5 prbably mean?A.Bmed. B.Became stable. D.Crashed.
31.What can we infer abut wearing fur in New Yrk accrding t Mrgan?A.It’s frmal. B.It’s ’s harmful. D.It’s traditinal.
A(2022·河北张家口模拟)T tackle the prblem f tiny plastics plluting waterways，chemists in the Czech Republic are thinking small.Their brainchild is a new micrrbt which is n bigger than the tip f a sharpened pencil.When sunlight hits them，they prduce chemical reactins that push them thrugh water in a specific directin.When they find a piece f plastic，
they stick t it and start t break it dwn.Chemist Martin Pumera at the Czech University led the prject.A decade ag，he chse t fcus n the prblem psed by micrplastics.They’re everywhere—frm the bttm f the cean t air blwing nt ice atp muntains.They’ve turned up in drinking water.Sme studies estimate that billins f pieces f plastic end up in the wrld’s waters.The plastic has many surces，frm shpping bags t washing and cleaning wipes.
In lab experiments，the star-shaped swimmers stuck nt each f fur different types f plastic.And after a week expsed t light，the rbts had reduced the weight f the plastics.It wasn’t much—nly by percent.But that was an indicatin that they were breaking the plastic dwn.They als caused the surface f the plastic t change frm smth t rugh.That’s anther sign that the rbts were degrading(分解) it.The new study is a prf f cncept type.That means it shws smething can be dne successfully.
In fact，Pumera says they still have a lng way t g.There are many types f plastics.And even these micrrbts are unlikely t succeed in degrading them all.The researchers als have nt yet shwn hw safe this system is fr the envirnment，althugh Pumera says that’s their next gal.The first real-wrld test will be in a wastewater-treatment plant.“Indeed，”says ne researcher.“We’ll need a lt f testing t shw that they’re safe in pen waterways，such as at sea.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了捷克科学家为了应对日渐严重的微塑料污染问题发明的微型机器人。
1.The micrrbts are pwered by D.pencils
2.What des the authr fcus n in paragraph 2?A.The purpse f Pumera’s preciusness f drinking seriusness f plastic wrking principle f the micrrbts.
3.What shws the effectiveness f the micrrbts in lab experiments?A.The weight lss f the disappearance f the shape change f the imprvement in the purity f water.
4.Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?A.Ways t Obtain Cleaner Drinking WaterB.Micrrbts Invented t Treat WastewaterC.New Hpe fr the Slutin t Plastic PllutinD.Technlgy Widely Applied in Envirnment Prtectin
B(2022·湖南湘潭三模)Ntpla is a Lndn-based firm that makes a seaweed-based substitute fr single-use plastic packaging.Althugh sme f Ntpla’s prducts are suitable t be eaten，they are designed t be disslved(溶解) after usage.The cmpany’s film wrap is made f seaweed lining instead f a cnventinal plastic based cating.This makes the film fully bidegradable and ideal fr use as packaging fr cupbard and bathrm supplies like cffee and tilet paper.
Accrding t the United Natins，331 millin kilgrams f plastic garbage is prduced annually arund the wrld.Rughly 60% f the estimated 9.15 billin tns f plastic prduced since the early 1950s has been taken t landfills r abandned utdrs.Plastics harm the water，the air，and ur bdies.Many experts agree that single-use plastics are unnecessary and dangerus.Sme gvernments and twns in the United States have taken actin.New Yrk has banned mst plastic shpping bags，while plastic straws(吸管) have been banned in Miami Beach.Overseas，India stated in August that it plans t put a wide ban n single-use plastics this upcming summer，with the Eurpean Unin already implementing this ban.
Seaweed cmes in a variety f species and can be harvested r farmed.Ntpla uses plants that have been farmed.Rdrig Garcia Gnzalez and Pierre Paslier，the inventrs f Ntpla，initially cnsidered seaweed as a slutin t the wrld’s plastic prblem fr several reasns.Seaweed is abundant and grws quickly.Additinally it desn’t cmpete with land crps and is highly favred fr its ability t remve sme waste prducts like carbn frm the atmsphere.
In cperatin with the nline fd rdering service Just Eat，the start-up recently tested its prduct.Last year，the tw cmpanies handed ut 30，000 takeaway bxes at varius UK restaurants.Plans are in the wrks t ffer the bxes acrss Eurpe in 2022.Ntpla’s team intends t replace single-use plastic in the supply chain mre generally as they scale.The cmpany recgnizes the difficulty f such a jb given the vlume f plastics cnsumed arund the wrld.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Ntpla公司研究生产的以海藻为原料的一次性塑料包装替代品，介绍了其意义、可行性及前景。
5.Hw des the authr mainly develp paragraph 2?A.By cmparing presenting raising giving examples.
6.What can best replace the underlined wrd“implementing”in paragraph 3?A.Lifting. D.Perfrming.
7.What des paragraph 4 mainly talk abut?A.The wide use f next gal f the new huge market f the plastic advantages f chsing seaweed.
8.What des the cmpany think f its plan t replace the whle single-use plastic?A.It will be will be richly will be a little will be rather successful.
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