2023届统考版高考英语二轮专项分层特训阅读理解保分练(六)词句猜测题——代词、句意猜测类含答案

阅读理解保分练(六)　词句猜测题——代词、句意猜测类

A

[2022·贵阳市高三测试]Many people think that you need to travel great distances and go on expensive trips to create beautiful photos. If you consider macro photography, which is capturing tiny details, an entirely new world may open for you right in your own backyard. This is what I decided to do to challenge myself recently! I chose a relatively small area in my neighborhood to revisit over a couple of days, but the only rule I gave myself was not to photograph anything above the knees.

Using a 50 mm macro lens (微距镜头) on a traditional DSLR camera, I walk around looking for different opportunities. I also often use two extension tubes，which help me get ever closer to my subject matter and increase the magnification (放大率). In the evening light, the high contrast helps you see small things like jumping grasshoppers or other insects flying around，but during the day it can be more challenging. To find good subject matter，I like to crawl around and look at the world from a lizard or snake's point of view. It adds significantly more drama, improves the image. It also has the power to transform a beautiful subject into a beautiful piece of art.

I really also pay attention to the background elements, not just the subject matter, especially with wildflowers. How in focus the background is，or how out of focus it is, can change an image.I like to shoot with a fully blurred (模糊不清的) background, which is called bokeh, though sometimes increasing depth of field and not having total blurriness can be beneficial to the composition, too.

You also don't need a special camera set up to do this. Using a smartphone，you can easily use tools like portrait mode, to help blur the background. Some apps also allow for a greater level of control with depth of field and close­up photography. It's less about the camera you use, and more about how you use it!

1．What makes a splendid composition?

A．Taking an expensive trip.

B．Capturing the details of life.

C．Shooting anything above the knees.

D．Looking at a beautiful subject.

2．What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A．A traditional DSLR camera.

B．The ways of macro shooting.

C．Shooting down at subjects.

D．Insects flying around.

3．What does “this” refer to in the last paragraph?

A．Background.    B．Portrait.

C．Bokeh.    D．Camera.

4．What would be the best title for this passage?

A．My Neighborhood

B．The Backyard

C．Crouching down Yourself

D．Macro Photography

B

[2022·济南市高三质检]When people hear “Artificial Intelligence (AI)”， many think of big data. The reason is that some of the most significant AI breakthroughs have relied on enormous data sets. But AI is not only about large data sets, and research in small data approaches in the past decade has grown extensively, with Transfer Learning (TL) (迁移学习) as an especially promising example, which is helpful in settings where you have few data on the task of interest but sufficient data on a related problem.

Small data approaches like TL offer numerous advantages over more data­intensive methods. By the use of AI with fewer data, they can facilitate progress in areas where few or no data exist, such as in forecasting natural disasters that occur relatively rarely. More importantly, TL is of great help in terms of generalization. A challenge in the use of AI is that models need to generalize beyond their training data—that is, to give good “answers” to a more general set of “questions” than what they were specifically trained for. TL models work by transferring knowledge from one task to another, so they are very helpful in improving generalization in the new task, even if only limited data are available.

AI experts such as Andrew Ng have stated that the approach will be the next driver of getting machine learning success in industry. There are some early signs of successful adoption and it has been applied to cancer discovery and much more.

Despite the increase in research, TL__has__received__relatively__little__visibility. While many machine learning experts and data scientists are familiar with it, techniques such as TL do not seem to have reached the awareness of the broader space of policymakers and business leaders in positions of making important decisions about AI funding and adoption.

By acknowledging the success of small data techniques like TL and supporting their widespread use, we can help overcome some widespread misconceptions regarding the role of data in AI and promote innovation in new directions.

5．What does the author think of TL?

A．It is a potential technique.

B．It is of help in large data sets.

C．It is an important AI breakthrough.

D．It is a reliable solution to multitasking.

6．In which aspect does TL show its advantages?

A．Acquiring knowledge.

B．Discovering questions.

C．Collecting training data.

D．Improving generalization.

7．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．TL has little value.

B．TL is a heated topic.

C．TL draws public attention.

D．TL is not well recognized.

8．What's the purpose of this text?

A．To clarify some misconceptions.

B．To introduce a small data approach.

C．To predict the promising future of AI.

D．To emphasize the significance of data.

C

[2022·长春市高三质检]

Take a good look at the American burying beetle. Once found in 35 states, the insect is assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as the critically endangered. Like the tiger, the American burying beetle has orange and black stripes (条); like the tiger, the beetle is declining in number. The tiger is an instantly recognizable symbol of species preservation, but most people aren't familiar with the beetle.

This difference is an example of the domination (支配) of the so­called celebrity species—the fascinating creatures that non­profit organizations and government agencies use to raise public interest in conservation. Most non­profit funds for animal protection go to species such as apes, elephants, big cats, rhinoceroses, and giant pandas. Tigers are often rated the most popular animal—and India, home to the majority of these big cats, spent more than $49 million on tiger conservation alone in 2019. Meanwhile, many lesser known species of fish, reptiles, amphibians, and birds weaken in namelessness. Worldwide, more than 35，500 plant and animal species are on the edge of disappearing forever.

This leaves us with a tough situation. Conservation is underfunded, so how do we decide which species to save?

One potential solution, the debatable idea of conservation triage (治疗类选法), holds that experts need to quickly decide which species can be saved while realizing that others can't be saved. Conservationists have developed analytical tools to approach the question in a less emotional, but more practical way. Fish and Wildlife Service now uses this knapsack (背包) method—inspired by a hiker's need to fit the most valuable items into a small space—to__get__the__“most__bang__for__their__buck” in saving species. The method calculates the most efficient conservation strategies using factors such as costs to recover a species and its likelihood of going extinct.

9．Why is the burying beetle mentioned in the first paragraph?

A．To propose a definition.

B．To introduce the topic.

C．To reach a conclusion.

D．To present an argument.

10．What is the author's attitude to the lesser known species?

A．Concerned.    B．Unclear.

C．Optimistic.    D．Indifferent.

11．What do the underlined words in the last paragraph probably mean?

A．To make the best efforts.

B．To take the strictest measures.

C．To maximize the benefits.

D．To avoid the worst dangers.

12．What will the author probably talk about in the following paragraph?

A．Causes of some animals' endangerment.

B．Other methods of deciding which species to save.

C．The authorities' role in reasonable use of funds.

D．An appeal for saving the American burying beetle.

[答题区]

阅读理解保分练（六）

A

语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与自然——拍摄美景——微距摄影

【文章大意】　为了拍摄美丽的照片，作者选择重新游览家附近的区域，采用微距方式拍摄生活中的微小细节。作者告诉我们，要拍摄美景，不在于使用什么相机，而在于如何使用相机。

1．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。题干问的是什么构成美丽的作品。根据第一段中的“If you consider macro photography, which is capturing tiny details, an entirely new world may open for you right in your own backyard. This is what I decided to do to challenge myself recently！”可知，捕捉微小的细节，一个全新的世界就在你面前打开，这正是作者挑战自己要做的事情。由此可知，捕捉生活中的细节可构成一幅美丽的作品。故B项正确。

2．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二段的描述可知，作者使用50毫米的微距镜头寻找不同的拍摄机会，还使用两个伸缩管增大放大率，接近拍摄主题，下文分别介绍晚上拍摄和白天拍摄情况。由此可推知，第二段主要讲述微距拍摄的方法。故B项正确。

3．答案与解析：C　代词猜测题。根据第三段尾句可知，作者喜欢用完全模糊的背景来拍摄。由此可知，文中的“你没有必要使用特殊的相机来做到这一点”就是指“用完全模糊的背景拍摄”，而这种做法又被称为bokeh，故此处的this就是指bokeh。故C项正确。

4．答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。第一段讲述为了拍摄美丽的图片，作者采用微距拍摄，捕捉生活中的细节；第二段讲述微距拍摄的方法；第三段讲述作者使用微距拍摄的喜好；第四段讲述作者建议使用普通相机也可拍到美丽的图片。由此可知，本文可用“微距摄影”作标题。A项“我的街区”，B项“后院”，C项“蹲下来”，都不能概括全文。故D项正确。

B

语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——科学技术——人工智能迁移学习

【文章大意】　本文主要介绍了迁移学习的功能、用途、发展现状和前景。

5．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“an especially promising example, which is helpful in settings”可以推断，作者认为TL是一项很有前景的技术，可以用于很多领域，故A项正确。

6．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“TL is of great help in terms of generalization”和“they are very...the new task”可知，TL的优势之一是可以提升概括能力，故D项正确。

7．答案与解析：D　句意猜测题。根据画线部分后一句中的“techniques such as...and business leaders”可知，TL似乎并没有得到政策制定者和商业领袖的青睐。据此可以推断，画线部分的意思应该与D项“TL未得到足够的认可”最为接近。

8．答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。本文第一段引出话题“TL是一项很有发展前景的小数据技术”，第二段介绍了TL的优点，第三段引用专家Andrew Ng的话证明TL很有用处，第四段讲述了TL的发展现状不甚理想，最后一段讲述了TL的发展潜力。综上可知，本文主要介绍了TL——一项小数据处理技术，故B项正确。

C

语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——自然生态——美国的濒危物种

【文章大意】　美国许多不为人知的物种也濒临灭绝，但是由于资金不足，如何决定拯救哪些物种成了一个需要解决的问题。

9．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第一段的“Like the tiger...with the beetle”可知，和老虎一样，美国埋葬虫也有橙色和黑色的条纹；和老虎一样，甲虫的数量也在减少。老虎是物种保护的显著标志，但大多数人并不熟悉甲虫。再根据第二段内容可知，这种差异是所谓的名人物种占支配地位的一个例子——这些极有吸引力的生物（名人物种）是非营利组织和政府机构用来提高公众保护兴趣的。它们会得到绝大多数的保护资金，而一些不太为人所知的物种则在变弱。据此可推知，第一段提到了埋葬虫是为了介绍文章主题。

10．答案与解析：A　观点态度题。根据第二段的“Meanwhile, many lesser known...of disappearing forever”可知，与此同时，许多不太为人所知的鱼类、爬行动物、两栖动物和鸟类也在不知不觉中变得脆弱起来。全世界有超过35 500种动植物物种正处于永远消失的边缘。再根据第三段的“This leaves us...species to save？”可知，这让我们面临一个艰难的局面，保护资金不足，但是有许多鲜为人知的物种需要被拯救。据此可推知，作者对鲜为人知的物种持担忧态度。

11．答案与解析：C　句意猜测题。根据最后一段的“The method calculates...going extinct”可知，该方法利用恢复一个物种的成本和其灭绝的可能性等因素来计算最有效的保护策略。根据画线句前的“Fish and Wildlife...into a small space”可知，鱼类和野生动物管理局现在使用这种背包方法——灵感来自于一个徒步旅行者需要把最有价值的东西放进一个小空间——以获得“最大的效益”来拯救物种。故画线部分意思是“使利益最大化”。

12．答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段的“This leaves us...species to save？”可知，这让我们面临一个艰难的局面：保护资金不足，我们该如何决定拯救哪些物种呢？再根据尾段的“One potential solution...others can't be saved”可知，最后一段谈论了一种解决问题的方法。据此可推知，在下一段中作者可能会谈论决定被拯救物种的其他方法。故选B。