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初中英语中考复习 秘籍12 阅读理解（一）-2020年中考英语抢分秘籍（解析版）
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这是一份初中英语中考复习 秘籍12 阅读理解（一）-2020年中考英语抢分秘籍（解析版），共20页。试卷主要包含了材料特点等内容，欢迎下载使用。
秘笈12 阅读理解（一）
考向1 阅读理解之记叙文
一、材料特点
人物故事类的阅读理解是中考英语的常考材料之一。这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。
1. 人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。
2. 短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查考生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。
考向2 阅读理解之说明文
＂英语说明文＂，顾名思义，就是一种以＂说明、解释＂为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。
说明文阅读理解的特征
一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who → what → when → where → how → why。
1. who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）
2. what：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途）
3. when和where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途）
4. how：通过什么方式表现出来的？
5. why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？
做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。
1．忌不带问题盲目读文章。做阅读理解题前，为了提高效率，应该先把文章后面的题目浏览一遍，然后带着这些问题进行阅读。边阅读边选出能一眼看出的答案，从而提高阅读效果。
2．忌草率选择答案。英语阅读题的选项中，常常会出现容易迷惑考生的干扰性强的选项，如果在发现一个看似正确答案时就草率定案，往往会掉进“陷阱”，从而丢分。我们应当对所给四个备选答案进行分析比较，对照文章内容，去伪存真，方可选出正确答案。
1. 阅读人物传记类文章时应该抓住时间线索来获取有关信息，即主人翁在某个时间做过什么，然后通过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。
2. 阅读短篇故事类材料时，同学们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细节，设身处地地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，这样的话即使是深层理解题也可迎刃而解。
A
（2020·保定市乐凯中学初三一模）
Happy Family Salad
Ingredients (原料)
►Two adults (married, responsible and loving parents)
►One child (or more)
►Two large bowls of tolerance (宽容)
►A cup of understanding
►Four leaves of fun and games
►Two tablespoons of salad cream of kindness
►A whole heap (堆) of sharing and caring
►A bag of happy thoughts and smiles
Methods
1. Put all the ingredients except the leaves of fun and games, salad cream of kindness, happy thoughts and smiles in a mixing bowl.
2. Put in the cream of kindness and mix well.
3. Arrange the leaves of fun and games in a salad bowl.
4. Pour all the materials in the mixing bowl into the salad bowl.
5. Sprinkle (撒) the happy thoughts and smiles on top and serve.
Serving suggestions
Do not refrigerate (冷藏). Always serve the salad fresh and eat immediately together with family members. Stale (不新鲜的) salad should be thrown away before it causes unhappiness. The Happy Family Salad can be eaten at any time of the day as part of breakfast, lunch or dinner.
1．How many family members are needed at least to make the Happy Family Salad?______
A．A parent and one child.
B．A parent and two children.
C．Two parents and one child.
D．Two parents and two children.
2．When should we pour the cream of kindness into the salad?______
A．After sprinkling the happy thoughts and smiles on top of the ingredients.
B．After placing the mixed ingredients in a mixing bowl.
C．After arranging the leaves of fun and games in a salad bowl.
D．After putting the ingredients on the leaves.
3．How many steps are needed to make the salad according to the passage?______
A．5. B．6. C．7. D．8.
4．Why did the writer write the material?______
A．To teach parents how to be happy.
B．To tell families how to make a salad.
C．To show parents how to play with their children.
D．To advise family members on how to have a happy family life.
【答案解析】
本文主要介绍了幸福家庭沙拉的原料，制作方法以及储存方式，目的是让每个家庭成员懂得怎样才能拥有幸福的家庭。
1．C细节理解题。根据文中第一栏Two adults (married, responsible and loving parents)，One child (or more)可知幸福家庭沙拉需要两个成年人和至少一个孩子。故选C。
2．C细节理解题。根据文中第二栏第3条和第4条，可知先在沙拉碗里放入乐趣和游戏的叶子，然后把所有混合好的原料倒入沙拉碗中，结合所给选项，故选C。
3．A细节理解题。根据文中文中第二栏可知制作幸福家庭沙拉需要5个步骤，故选A。
4．D主旨大意题。阅读全文可知，本文作者写作意图是让家庭成员知道，怎样才能拥有幸福的家庭生活，结合选项，故选D。
【点睛】
本文讲了家庭幸福沙拉的制作，目的是让人们学会怎样才能创造幸福的家庭生活，题目大多是细节理解题，需要我们快速浏览全文理解大意，带着题目中问题阅读文章细节，判断答案，例如第3小题，根据文中文中第二栏可知制作幸福家庭沙拉需要5个步骤，故选A。
B
（2019·江苏省苏州第十中学校初三月考）
The City Bank was broken into yesterday at 8 p.m. The police were asking two men, John Smith and his brother Joseph Smith.
A policeman interviewed John Smith
John Smith was asked, “ What did you do last night?” He answered, “ I was with my brother, Joseph, all the time. I arrived at my brother’s house at about 6:45 and we watched TV until about 7:30. We watched the news and a baseball game. Then we walked into the town centre and had a meal at a restaurant. I can’t remember the name of the restaurant. It was a big one, but it was almost empty. We both had fish and chips. We left there at 8:40 and walked back to Joseph’s house.”
The statement is true.
Signed: John Smith
A Policeman Interviewed Joseph Smith
Joseph Smith was asked, “What did you do last night?” He answered, “I was with John all the time. John came to my house at fifteen to seven, and then we watched TV for about 45 minutes. We watched a movie about a basketball player, but I can’t remember the name of the movie. Then we took a taxi to a restaurant. I forget what the restaurant is called. There were not many people there. I had steak and chips, and John had chicken. We left there at twenty to nine and we went back to my house.”
The statement is true.
Signed: Joseph Smith
1．The policeman wanted to find the person who ______.
A．told a lie
B．knew the thief
C．went into the bank
D．stole the baseball
2．John and Joseph are ______.
A．boss and worker
B．workmates
C．policeman and thief
D．brothers
3．The two men told the police the same thing about ______.
A．how they got to the restaurant
B．the time
C．what they ate
D．the TV programmes
4．Neither of the two men ______.
A．ate at a restaurant last night
B．watched a movie on TV
C．knew the name of the restaurant
D．liked to eat chips
5．Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to their statements?______
A．Joseph got to John’s house at about 6:45 p.m.
B．There were only a few people in the restaurant.
C．They watched TV for about 45 minutes.
D．They went back to Joseph’s house after leaving the restaurant.
【答案解析】
这篇短文主要介绍了警察对约翰和约瑟夫两个人的讯问。
1．C推理判断题。根据“The City Bank was broken into yesterday at 8 p.m. The police were asking two men, John Smith and his brother Joseph Smith.”可知警察两个人的讯问目的是为了找出谁闯进了银行，故选C。
2．D细节理解题。根据约翰的话“I was with my brother, Joseph, all the time.”可知约翰和约瑟夫是兄弟，故选D。
3．D细节理解题。根据约翰的话“I arrived at my brother’s house at about 6:45 and we watched TV until about 7:30.”及约瑟夫的话“then we watched TV for about 45 minutes”可知他们告诉警察观看电视节目这件事是相同的，故选D。
4．C细节理解题。 根据约瑟夫的话“I forget what the restaurant is called.”和约翰的话“I can’t remember the name of the restaurant.”可知他们都不知道餐馆的名字，故选C。
5．A细节理解题。根据约翰的话“I arrived at my brother’s house at about 6:45”是约翰六点四十五到了约瑟夫家，故A错误；根据他们的介绍可知餐馆里面人不多，故B正确；根据约瑟夫的话“then we watched TV for about 45 minutes”可知他们看了大概45分钟电视，故C正确；根据两个人最后一句话可知他们离开餐馆后去了约瑟夫的家。结合题干要求，故选A。
C
（2019·辽宁省大连外国中学初三一模）
Basketball stars become hip-hop singers. It’s true. In NBA, hip-hop music is very popular. Many of the players, like Shaquille O’Neal of the Los Angeles Lakers, write rap (说唱) words when they travel on planes from one city to another. Some of them even have rap radio shows and others perform in music video.
When some of the younger stars play basketball, they even (甚至) try to look like hip-hop singers. “Hip-hop is just part of our culture.” , says one player. “All of us grew up listening to rap and playing basketball, and rappers grew up doing the same thing.”
Master P. is a famous rap star who wants to become a basketball player. Two NBA teams have invited him to join them. They enjoy listening to his music. An NBA player has become a rapper. He has made four successful rap albums (专集) .
NBA has a closer connection to hip-hop than any other sports league.
1．Many basketball players in NBA like ______.
A．Hip-hop music B．country music
C．Dancing D．American singers
2．Many NBA players ______rap words when they travel on planes from one city to another.
A．learn B．write C．sing D．dance
3．______ is just part of the NBA players’ culture.
A．Music B．Rapper C．Hip-hop D．Basketball
4．The NBA teams invited Master P. to join them just because ______.
A．they like listening to his music B．his dancing is popular
C．they like his face and hair D．his hip-hop was popular
5．Which of the following is NOT right?______
A．An NBA player has become a rapper.
B．A rapper wants to become a NBA basketball player.
C．Players in NBA don’t like hip-hop music at all.
D．NBA basketball teams have a closer connection to hip-hop music.
【答案解析】
这篇短文介绍了嘻哈音乐在NBA运动员中非常流行同时说唱歌手也非常喜欢打篮球。
1．A细节理解题。根据“In NBA, hip-hop music is very popular. Many of the players”可知嘻哈音乐受到许多NBA运动员的欢迎，故选A。
2．B细节理解题。根据“Many of the players, like Shaquille O’Neal of the Los Angeles Lakers, write rap (说唱) words when they travel on planes from one city to another.”可知许多运动员在从一个城市到另一个城市旅行的飞机上写说唱歌词，故选B。
3．C细节理解题。根据““Hip-hop is just part of our culture.” , says one player.”可知嘻哈音乐是运动员文化的一部分，故选C。
4．A细节理解题。根据“Two NBA teams have invited him to join them. They enjoy listening to his music.”可知NBA球队邀请他加入是因为他们喜欢他的音乐。故选A。
5．C细节理解题。根据“An NBA player has become a rapper.”可知A正确；根据“Master P. is a famous rap star who wants to become a basketball player.”可知B正确；根据“In NBA, hip-hop music is very popular. Many of the players”可知NBA里面的运动员很喜欢嘻哈音乐，故C错误；根据“NBA has a closer connection to hip-hop than any other sports league.”可知NBA和嘻哈音乐联系紧密，可知D正确。结合题干，故选C。
D
（2019·四川成都初三联考一）
The Garbage (垃圾) Project started at the University of Arizona in 1973. Since then, the students and teachers in it have studied the modern garbage in different cities.
To study the garbage, the students had to travel to landfills (填埋场) , the places where cities bury (填埋) their garbage. While the students were studying the garbage, they wore special clothes. Students were very careful when they opened bags of garbage.
One important thing the students have learned from studying the garbage is that the garbage in landfills disappears very slowly. That was surprising to both the students and many scientists who had thought that about 70 % of the garbage in landfills would disappear quickly. Even in cities where it rains a lot, the students found newspapers from 1948, 40-year-old hot dogs, and vegetables from 1970. And the students also found many more empty bottles of cola than they expected.
How to dispose of our garbage well depends on what kind of garbage it is: regular(普通的) garbage, dangerous materials, or recyclable materials, such as newspapers and glass bottles. Regular garbage goes to regular landfills. Dangerous materials are harmful to people’s health and the environment. They shouldn’t go into regular landfills.
Homes are full of dangerous waste. One kind of the dangerous waste in homes is batteries. When batteries are buried directly(直接地)in a landfill, they often break open. The poison inside them moves through rain water to the bottom of the landfill. Then it can pollute the natural water in the ground.
Another dangerous waste from homes is motor oil. When people pour old motor oil on the ground or throw it in the garbage, it pollutes the environment.
Our garbage problem is not new, but as the world’s population continues to grow, it will become a bigger and bigger problem.
1．To study the modern garbage, the students had to do many things except ______.
A．wearing special clothes B．traveling to landfills
C．burying the garbage themselves D．opening bags of garbage
2．The underlined words “dispose of” in Paragraph 4 means ______.
A．crash into B．deal with C．worry about D．put up
3．From the article, we know old motor oil ______.
A．should go to regular landfills
B．isn’t harmful garbage
C．mustn’t be poured on the ground
D．never pollutes the environment
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?______
A．There are only two kinds of dangerous waste in homes.
B．Scientists thought about 70 % of the garbage in landfills would disappear slowly.
C．The students found empty bottles of cola were not as many as they expected.
D．Batteries often break open when they are buried directly in a landfill.
【答案解析】
这篇短文主要讲述了垃圾项目始于1973年的亚利桑那大学，学生对不同城市的垃圾进行研究，发现了很多问题，填埋的垃圾很多不能消失，要求我们大家对不同的垃圾进行分类。
1．C细节理解题。根据第二段中“To study the garbage, the students had to travel to landfills (填埋场) , the places where cities bury (填埋) their garbage. While the students were studying the garbage, they wore special clothes. Students were very careful when they opened bags of garbage.”可知，为了研究现代垃圾，学生们需要做的事情是：去垃圾填埋场，穿特殊的衣服，打开垃圾袋，他们不需要自己填埋垃圾。故选C。
2．B词意猜测题。crash into撞上；deal with处理；worry about担心；put up张贴。根据第四段中“Regular garbage goes to regular landfills. Dangerous materials are harmful to people’s health and the environment. They shouldn’t go into regular landfills.”可知，普通的垃圾会被送到垃圾填埋场，危险物质对人体健康和环境有害，它们不应该进入普通的垃圾填埋场，这是在描述如何处理垃圾，所以此处是“如何处理垃圾要根据垃圾的类型”，因此划线部分“dispose of”的意思是“处理”，与deal with意思相同。故选B。
3．C 细节理解题。根据第六段中“Another dangerous waste from homes is motor oil. When people pour old motor oil on the ground or throw it in the garbage, it pollutes the environment.”可知，机油是危险的家庭垃圾，当人们把废旧机油倒在地上或扔进垃圾桶时，会污染环境，所以废旧机油禁止被倾倒在地面上。故选C。
4．D细节理解题。There are only two kinds of dangerous waste in homes.家里只有两种危险的垃圾。根据第五段中“Homes are full of dangerous waste. One kind of the dangerous waste in homes is batteries.”和第六段中“Another dangerous waste from homes is motor oil.”可知，家里充满了危险的垃圾，文中列举了电池和废旧机油，但并没有说家里只有两种危险垃圾，所以A项表述错误。Scientists thought about 70 % of the garbage in landfills would disappear slowly.科学家认为在垃圾填埋场70% 的垃圾会慢慢消失。根据第三段中“That was surprising to both the students and many scientists who had thought that about 70 % of the garbage in landfills would disappear quickly.”可知，科学家们认为垃圾填埋场70% 的垃圾会很快消失，而不是慢慢消失，所以B项表述错误。The students found empty bottles of cola were not as many as they expected.学生们发现空可乐瓶的数量并没有他们想象的那么多。根据第三段中“And the students also found many more empty bottles of cola than they expected.”可知，学生们还发现了比他们预期更多的空可乐瓶，而不是空可乐瓶的数量没有他们预期的多，所以C项表述错误。Batteries often break open when they are buried directly in a landfill.电池直接埋在垃圾填埋场时，经常会破裂。根据第五段中“When batteries are buried directly(直接地)in a landfill, they often break open.”可知，当电池直接埋在垃圾填埋场时，它们经常会破裂，所以D项表述正确。故选D。
A
In 1845, a deadly disease struck the farms of Ireland, killing all the Lumper potato plants. In another place or time, the death of single crop species (物种) might not have been so important. But in Ireland, in 1845, people depended almost solely on the patato for food. The death of one species caused a terrible famine(饥荒). Now, some scientists are worried that such a famine could happen again, but on a much wider scale.
Over the centuries, farmers have discovered thousands of different species of food crops. Each species has special qualities. Some can be grown in very hot or cold climates. Others are not affected by certain diseases. However, you won’t find many of these species in your local supermarket. To feed the seven billion people on Earth, most farmers today are growing only species of plants and farming only species of animals that are easy to produce in large numbers.
For example, in the Philippines, there were once thousands of varieties of rice: now fewer than 100 are grown there. In China, 90 percent of the wheat varieties grown just a century ago have disappeared. Scientists believe that over the past century, we have allowed more than half of the world’s food varieties to disappear.
One solution to this problem is to collect and store the seeds (种子) as many different plant varieties as we can before they disappear. The idea was first suggested by Russian scientist Nikolay Vavilov. In the 1920s and 1930s, he collected around 400,000 seeds from five contients. More recently, others are continuing the work he began.
In the U.S. state of Iowa, Diane Ott Whealy wanted to protect historic plant varieties, like the seeds her great –grandfather brought to the U.S. from Germany more than a hundred years ago. She and her husband started a place called Heritage Farm, where people can store and trade seeds.
More importantly, the people at Heritage Farm don’t just store the seeds; they plant them. By doing this, they are reintroducing foods into the marketplace that haven’t been grown for years. These food species are not just special in terms of appearance or taste. They also offer farmers food solutions for the future, from the past.
1．What is this passage mainly about?______
A．The need to protect different food species.
B．How to increase the number of food species.
C．The fact that many food species are dying out.
D．How to prevent food species from disappearing.
2．Why are some scientists worried that such a famine could happen again?______
A．Because people depend on certain species of food crops.
B．Because the same deadly disease may attack crops again.
C．Because the world’s population is larger than that in 1845.
D．Because farmers grow the same potatoes as those in the past.
3．The following sentence would best be placed at the end of ______.Meanwhile, thousands of other species are dying out.
A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4
4．What can we learn from the passage?______
A．The disease spread very quickly and killed thousands of people in Ireland.
B．Around 80 percent of the rice varieties in the Philippines have disappeared.
C．People have been storing seeds to save plane varieties for less than 100 years.
D．Heritage Farm is the first place in the U.S. for people to store and trade seeds.
【答案解析】
本文介绍了如何防止食物种类的消失。文章介绍了一个物种的死亡可能会导致一场可怕的饥荒（爱尔兰农场的块茎马铃薯植株的灭绝）。文章提到几个世纪以来，农民们发现了数千种不同种类的粮食作物。但是在过去的一个世纪里，世界上一半以上的食物品种已经消失。解决这个问题的一个办法是尽可能多地收集和储存种子，以免它们消失。基于此美国爱荷华州，的黛安·奥特·惠利（DianeOtt-Whealy）和丈夫创办了一个名为传统农场的地方，人们可以在那里储存和交易种子。这样就会防止食物种类的消失了。
1．D主旨大意题。根据Scientists believe that over the past century, we have allowed more than half of the world’s food varieties to disappear. 科学家相信，在过去的一个世纪里，我们已经让世界上一半以上的食物品种消失。以及句子One solution to this problem is to collect and store the seeds (种子) as many different plant varieties as we can before they disappear. 解决这个问题的一个办法是尽可能多地收集和储存种子（种子），以免它们消失。可以推知这篇文章主要讲如何防止食物种类的消失。故选D。
2．A细节理解题。根据most farmers today are growing only species of plants and farming only species of animals that are easy to produce in large numbers. 今天的大多数农民只种植植物品种，只养殖易于大量繁殖的动物品种。可知，科学家担心这样的饥荒会再次发生是因为人们依赖某些种类的粮食作物。故选A。
3．B细节理解题。根据第三段的举例：For example, in the Philippines, there were once thousands of varieties of rice: now fewer than 100 are grown there. In China, 90 percent of the wheat varieties grown just a century ago have disappeared. Scientists believe that over the past century, we have allowed more than half of the world’s food varieties to disappear. 例如，在菲律宾，曾经有数千种水稻品种：现在在那里种植的水稻不到100种。在中国，一个世纪前种植的小麦品种中有90%已经消失。科学家相信，在过去的一个世纪里，我们已经让世界上一半以上的食物品种消失。可知，这一段是对上文的解释，就是为了证明：与此同时，成千上万的其他物种正在灭绝。因此句子Meanwhile, thousands of other species are dying out.放在第二段的最后较好。这样衔接连贯。故选B。
4．A推理判断题。根据In 1845, a deadly disease struck the farms of Ireland, killing all the Lumper potato plants. 1845年，一种致命的疾病袭击了爱尔兰的农场，杀死了所有的块茎马铃薯植株。可知，这是一个物种的死亡导致了一场可怕的饥荒，可能会给爱尔兰造成数千人的死亡。所以A正确。根据For example, in the Philippines, there were once thousands of varieties of rice: now fewer than 100 are grown there. 例如，在菲律宾，曾经有数千种水稻品种：现在在那里种植的水稻不到100种。可知，菲律宾大约80%的水稻品种已经消失。是不对的，应该远大于80%。所以B不对。根据In the U.S. state of Iowa, Diane Ott Whealy wanted to protect historic plant varieties, like the seeds her great –grandfather brought to the U.S. from Germany more than a hundred years ago. 在美国爱荷华州，黛安·奥特·惠利（Diane Ott-Whealy）希望保护历史悠久的植物品种，比如她曾祖父100多年前从德国带到美国的种子。可知，储存种子的时间大于100年。所以选项C不对。根据She and her husband started a place called Heritage Farm, where people can store and trade seeds. 她和丈夫创办了一个名为传统农场的地方，人们可以在那里储存和交易种子。可知，在美国，传统农场是人们储存和交易种子的地方。是不是第一个，短文没有提及。故选项D是不正确的。故选A。
【点睛】
用细节定位法来做细节理解题。
细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的送分题。但由于中考所占的比例很大，应特别引起注意。
事实和细节题的命题特点是：把某词语、某个句子或某具体事实用不同于原文的另一方式或句型表达，即同义改写。解答这类题的窍门是：A)注意掌握英语的多种表达法；B）正确分析词语在句中的作用；C）熟练运用英语的句型转换；D）读懂题干所提出的问题，并准确地找到文中涉及该问题的句子。
做细节题具体方法与步骤如下：
j 略读材料,大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。
k 按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词，如for example，first，second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
l 将自己精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速通篇跳读，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈Z形扫视，直到找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。
B
The human body is a machine that can raise lots of interesting questions. Why, for example, are yawns（呵欠）contagious（传染的）? What's up with ice-cream headaches? Here are answers to these and other questions about our bodies.
Why do I get a headache when I eat ice cream too quickly?
Scientists aren't exactly sure what causes the brain freeze when we eat ice cream or other super cold foods too quickly, though some believe it's the result of changed blood .flow in the nervous system. Blood vessels in the head tighten to stop the loss of body heat and then relax to let blood flow rise; that sudden rush of blood is what causes the headache. You can improve an ice-cream headache by rapidly rubbing your tongue across the roof of your mouth to help warm up things.
What causes my stomach to make a low continuous noise when I'm hungry?
Actually, your stomach makes noise whether you're hungry or full; you just hear it more clearly when you're hungry. Think of your digestive tract（消化道）as a really long tube lined with smooth muscle tissue. These muscles move food, fluids and gas through your digestive tract. ______. It can make you feel embarrassed尴尬的）but is nothing to worry about.
Why do I blush when I'm embarrassed?
When you're embarrassed, your brain releases a shot of adrenaline（肾上腺素）, which makes your heart race and blood vessels become larger in size. All this happens to increase blood flow and oxygen delivery throughout the body in a fight-or-flight reaction（对抗反应）. There are a lot of tiny blood vessels in your face, which turn noticeably redder from this sudden rush of blood. As for the actual function of blushing, researchers are still trying to find that one out.
Why are yawns contagious?
Have you ever yawned in front of someone, only to have them yawn right back? It's a common thing, but researchers don't have a good explanation for it. They do, however, know this happens only with humans and chimpanzees(黑猩猩）. A bigger question puzzling scientists is why we yawn at all. It used to be thought that yawning showed that oxygen to the brain was not enough, but that's just a myth. A growing body of research now shows that yawning is nature's way of keeping our brains cool.
1．What is the meaning of the underlined word tighten?______
A．变松 B．变紧 C．变短 D．变长
2．Which of the following sentences can be filled in the blank?______
A．And that's what you're hearing when your stomach makes noise.
B．And that's why you're so hungry when your stomach is empty
C．And that's what makes you feel uncomfortable when you're full.
D．And that's how it makes a difference to your digestive tract.
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE?______
A．There is no way for you to improve an ice-cream headache.
B．Researchers have found out the actual function of blushing.
C．Your stomach makes noise only when you are hungry.
D．Researchers don't have a good explanation for why yawns are contagious.
4．What is the best title of the passage?______
A．Some Interesting Facts B．Our Strange Body
C．Some Useful Discoveries D．Our Amazing Feelings
【答案解析】
本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述我们身体的一些有趣的问题，包括吃冰激凌太快会头痛、尴尬时会脸红、哈欠会传染。
1．B词义猜测题。根据Blood vessels in the head tighten to stop the loss of body heat and then relax to let blood flow rise可知，头部的血管收紧，以阻止身体热量的流失，然后放松，让血液流动起来，所以tighten的含义为“变紧”，故选B。
2．A推理判断题。根据What causes my stomach to make a low continuous noise when I'm hungry可知，本段主要讲述为什么胃会有声音，接下来开始给出原因，根据These muscles move food, fluids and gas through your digestive tract“这些肌肉通过你的消化道移动食物、液体和气体”，这就是你听到的你的胃发出声音时，故选A。
3．D细节理解题。根据You can improve an ice-cream headache by rapidly rubbing your tongue across the roof of your mouth to help warm up things可知，有方法改善冰激凌头疼状况，排除A；As for the actual function of blushing, researchers are still trying to find that one out可知，研究人员仍在努力寻找答案，排除B；根据Actually, your stomach makes noise whether you're hungry or full; you just hear it more clearly when you're hungry可知，你饿了或者饱了你的胃都会发出声音，排除C；根据Have you ever yawned in front of someone, only to have them yawn right back? It's a common thing, but researchers don't have a good explanation for it可知，关于打哈欠为什么会传染研究者也没有好的解释，故选D。
4．B主旨大意题。本文主要讲述我们身体的一些有趣的问题，包括吃冰激凌太快会头痛、尴尬时会脸红、哈欠会传染。所以是“奇怪的身体”，故选B。
【点睛】
解答词义猜测题时，可以使用如下技巧：1、根据上下文来猜测词义；2、通过同义词或近义词来猜测词义；3、通过构词法来猜测词义；4、通过定义或释义来猜测词义；5、通过句法功能来猜测词义；6、通过转折和因果关系来猜测词义；7. 通过生活常识来猜测词义。对于这类题采取“代入法”也非常有效，即将备选答案逐一代入文中，哪一个选项能使句子的意思通顺、连贯，且与上下文的内容一致，哪一个选项就是该题的正确答案。例如第1题。
C
Dear guest,
We want to do our best to help with the environmental protection, but we do provide washing things (toothbrush, toothpaste, bath shampoo, etc).
If you forget to bring any of these with you, just dial 9 and call the guestroom department. If you wish, we shall send you what you need for free.
Card B
Dear guest,
The hotel wishes to save the world’s natural resources (资源). Every day, tons of detergent and millions of tons of water are used to wash towels(毛巾) which have been used only once.
Here’s how you can help:
★A towel on the rack means: “I’ll use it again.”
★A towel on the floor means: “Please change.”
1．A guest who forgets to bring a toothbrush with him ______.
A．must buy one from the hotel B．should get one ready by himself
C．can get one from the hotel for free D．may ask someone to buy one for him
2．If guests want to get their towels changed, they should leave them ______.
A．in the rack B．on the floor C．under the bed D．in the desk
3．The aim of the cards is to ask guests to ______.
A．offer a good service B．follow the rules of the hotel
C．protect our environment D．all of the above
【答案解析】
这篇短文主要是酒店对客人提供的二张提示卡片，一张是可以免费提供洗漱用品，第二张是提示客人如何让酒店知其需要换毛巾。
1．C细节理解。根据文中“We want to do our best to help with the environmental protection, but we do provide washing things (toothbrush, toothpaste, bath shampoo, etc). If you forget to bring any of these with you, just dial 9 and call the guestroom department.”可知，我们想尽力保护环境，但我们提供洗涤用品（牙刷、牙膏、洗发水等）。如果你忘了带这些东西，只需拨9，打电话给客房部。故选C。
2．B细节理解。in the rack在架子上；on the floor在地板上；under the bed在床底下；in the desk在桌子里。根据文中“A towel on the floor means: “Please change.”” 地板上的毛巾意思是：“请换掉他们。”故选B。
3．D细节理解。根据文中“We want to do our best to help with the environmental protection, but we do provide washing things (toothbrush, toothpaste, bath shampoo, etc).”及“Here’s how you can help:★A towel on the rack means: “I’ll use it again.”★A towel on the floor means: “Please change.””可知，卡片的目的是为了让给顾客提供一个好的服务，可知选项A“offer a good service” 提供良好的服务，是正确的；根据文中“If you forget to bring any of these with you, just dial 9 and call the guestroom department. If you wish, we shall send you what you need for free.；The hotel wishes to save the world’s natural resources (资源). Every day, tons of detergent and millions of tons of water are used to wash towels(毛巾) which have been used only once.”可知，卡片是为了让客人遵守酒店的制度，可知选项B“follow the rules of the hotel” 遵守酒店规定，是正确的；根据文中“We want to do our best to help with the environmental protection,” 我们要尽最大努力帮助环境保护，可知选项C“protect our environment”保护环境是正确的。可知文章选项A,B,C都包括。故选D。
D
I often hear some students say English is difficult, and it gives them a headache. So they can’t learn it well. But English is very easy for me. I’ m good at it. I’m very glad to tell you something about how I study English.
First, I think an interest in English is very important. When I was in Grade One，we had a new subject-English. It was fresh for me. I was interested in it, so I worked hard at it. Soon we had an English exam and I got a very good mark. How happy I was! After that, I learned English harder and harder. Our English teacher often teaches us English songs, the songs sound nice. I often think how interesting English is!
Second, I think English is a foreign language. I should learn it well in the following way: Listen to the teacher carefully, speak bravely, read aloud and have a good vocabulary. Then practice again and again, never be tired. And I also have a good habit: Asking whenever（不论何时）I have a question, I must make it clear by asking our English teacher. How happy I am when I understand!
Besides this, I often read English stories, jokes and easy novels. From these I know English is not only interesting, but also useful. They help me understand a lot of things, So to do more reading is an important way to learn English well.
And I also do some exercises from our class magazines, and I often write English diaries. English has become a close friend of mine.
Now I have learned English for more than two years. I always keep the first position in our school. From these words, I hope every student can learn English well.
1．Why do some students often ”have a headache”?______
A．Because they are easy to catch a cold
B．Because it’s often very cold.
C．Because they think English is easy.
D．Because they don’t think English is easy.
2．The writer tells us that we should be ______ in English if we want to learn it well.
A．interest B．interested C．interesting D．strict
3．The sentence “I got a very good mark” means”______”.
A．I got a good way B．I had a good idea
C．I did badly in the exam D．I did well in the exam
4．The writer thinks English is interesting because______.
A．English is full of stories
B．English is full of jokes
C．his teacher often teaches them nice English songs
D．of nothing
5．Which of the following is NOT the way the writer studies by?______
A．Speaking bravely. B．Writing to foreign friends.
C．Reading aloud. D．Writing English diaries.
【答案解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍作者学习英语的问题，并详细介绍了自己学习英语的方法。
1．D细节理解题。根据短文第一段I often hear some students say English is difficult, and it gives them a headache.描述，可知是他们认为英语很难，从而头痛。故选D。
2．B细节理解题。根据第二段First, I think an interest in English is very important. 描述，可知作者认为学习英语，首先要对它感兴趣。故选B。
3．D句义猜测题。联系上下文，可知此处指的是，我取得了好的分数。故选D，我在考试中做的不错。
4．C细节理解题。根据短文第二段Our English teacher often teaches us English songs, and the songs sound nice. I often think how interesting English is!描述，可知作者认为英语很有趣是因为他们老师经常教他们好听的英文歌曲。故选C。
5．B细节理解题。根据短文第三段描述，可知作者学习英语的方式包括：勇敢地说，大声读和写英文日记。没有关于给外国朋友写信的描述，故选B。
E
When I was about 12, I had an “enemy”, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings(缺点）. Sometimes she said I was thin. Sometimes she said I was lazy. Sometimes she said I wasn’t a good student. Sometimes she said I talked too much, and so on. I tried to put up with(忍受)her as long as I could. At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes.
He listened to me quietly, and then he asked, “Are the things she said true or not? Mary, didn’t you ever wonder what you’re really like? Go and make a list of everything she said and make the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said. ”
I did as he told me and I was very surprised to discover that about half the things were true.
I brought the list back to my dad. He refused to take it. “That’s just for you,” he said. “You know the truth about yourself better than any other people. When something said about you is true, you’ll find it will be of help to you. Don’t shut your ears. Listen to them all, but hear the truth and do what you think is right.”
Many years have passed. The situation often appears in my mind. In our life we often meet with some trouble and we often go to someone and ask for advice. For some advice you will treasure(珍惜)all your life!
1．The “enemy” pointed out the writer’s shortcomings, and the writer felt______at last.
A．happy B．angry C．lonely D．surprised
2．What did the writer's father do after he heard her complaints?______
A．He agreed with her “enemy”.
B．He left her continue to put up with her “enemy”.
C．He asked her to write down all her “enemy” had said about her.
D．He asked her not to pay attention to what her “enemy” had said.
3．Which of the following can we know from the passage?______
A．The “enemy” thought the writer was pretty.
B．The “enemy” thought the writer studied hard.
C．The writer’s father gave her “enemy” a lesson.
D．The writer is grateful to her father.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?______
A．The Best Advice I Ever Had
B．My Parents
C．What People Say about Your Is Always Right
D．A Serious Criticism（批评）
【答案解析】
这篇短文主要向我们介绍了作者12岁的时遇到一个喜欢指出作者缺点的女孩，作者认为这个女孩是自己的敌人，作者将这件事情告诉了父亲，而父亲让作者自己评价那个女孩说的是否属实，作者惊奇地发现女孩说的大多数是对的，后来她学会珍惜他人的意见。
1．B 细节理解。 happy高兴的； angry生气的； lonely孤独的； surprised吃惊的。根据文中“When I was about 12, I had an “enemy”, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings(缺点）. Sometimes she said I was thin. Sometimes she said I was lazy. Sometimes ….At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes.”可知，“敌人”指出了作者的缺点，作者最后感到愤怒。故选B
2．C细节理解。根据文中“Go and make a list of everything she said and make the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said.”在作者的父亲听了作者的抱怨后，他让她把她所有的“敌人”说的内容，都写下来。故选C。
3．D推理判断。根据文中“I did as he told me and I was very surprised to discover that about half the things were true.” 我照他说的做了，我很惊讶地发现大约一半的事情是真的。及“Many years have passed. The situation often appears in my mind. In our life we often meet with some trouble and we often go to someone and ask for advice. For some advice you will treasure(珍惜)all your life!” 很多年过去了。这种情况经常出现在我的脑海里。在我们的生活中，我们经常遇到一些麻烦，我们经常去别人那里寻求建议。为了得到一些建议，你将终生珍视。可知，这位作家很感激她的父亲。故选D。
4．A标题归纳。The Best Advice I Ever Had我有过最好的建议； My Parents我父母；What People Say about Your Is Always Right人们对你的评价总是正确的； A Serious Criticism（批评）严肃的批评。根据文中“he said. “You know the truth about yourself better than any other people. When something said about you is true,you’ll find it will be of help to you. Don’t shut your ears. Listen to them all, but hear the truth and do what you think is right.”” “那是给你的，”他说。“你比别人更了解自己的真相。当有人说你是真的，你会发现这对你有帮助。别闭上耳朵。听他们的话，但要听实话，做你认为正确的事。”可知，爸爸对女儿说的要敢于面对自己的错误，这是作者一生最好的建议。故选A。
秘笈12 阅读理解（一）
考向1 阅读理解之记叙文
一、材料特点
人物故事类的阅读理解是中考英语的常考材料之一。这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。
1. 人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。
2. 短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查考生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。
考向2 阅读理解之说明文
＂英语说明文＂，顾名思义，就是一种以＂说明、解释＂为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。
说明文阅读理解的特征
一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即who → what → when → where → how → why。
1. who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）
2. what：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途）
3. when和where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途）
4. how：通过什么方式表现出来的？
5. why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？
做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。
1．忌不带问题盲目读文章。做阅读理解题前，为了提高效率，应该先把文章后面的题目浏览一遍，然后带着这些问题进行阅读。边阅读边选出能一眼看出的答案，从而提高阅读效果。
2．忌草率选择答案。英语阅读题的选项中，常常会出现容易迷惑考生的干扰性强的选项，如果在发现一个看似正确答案时就草率定案，往往会掉进“陷阱”，从而丢分。我们应当对所给四个备选答案进行分析比较，对照文章内容，去伪存真，方可选出正确答案。
1. 阅读人物传记类文章时应该抓住时间线索来获取有关信息，即主人翁在某个时间做过什么，然后通过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。
2. 阅读短篇故事类材料时，同学们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细节，设身处地地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，这样的话即使是深层理解题也可迎刃而解。
A
（2020·保定市乐凯中学初三一模）
Happy Family Salad
Ingredients (原料)
►Two adults (married, responsible and loving parents)
►One child (or more)
►Two large bowls of tolerance (宽容)
►A cup of understanding
►Four leaves of fun and games
►Two tablespoons of salad cream of kindness
►A whole heap (堆) of sharing and caring
►A bag of happy thoughts and smiles
Methods
1. Put all the ingredients except the leaves of fun and games, salad cream of kindness, happy thoughts and smiles in a mixing bowl.
2. Put in the cream of kindness and mix well.
3. Arrange the leaves of fun and games in a salad bowl.
4. Pour all the materials in the mixing bowl into the salad bowl.
5. Sprinkle (撒) the happy thoughts and smiles on top and serve.
Serving suggestions
Do not refrigerate (冷藏). Always serve the salad fresh and eat immediately together with family members. Stale (不新鲜的) salad should be thrown away before it causes unhappiness. The Happy Family Salad can be eaten at any time of the day as part of breakfast, lunch or dinner.
1．How many family members are needed at least to make the Happy Family Salad?______
A．A parent and one child.
B．A parent and two children.
C．Two parents and one child.
D．Two parents and two children.
2．When should we pour the cream of kindness into the salad?______
A．After sprinkling the happy thoughts and smiles on top of the ingredients.
B．After placing the mixed ingredients in a mixing bowl.
C．After arranging the leaves of fun and games in a salad bowl.
D．After putting the ingredients on the leaves.
3．How many steps are needed to make the salad according to the passage?______
A．5. B．6. C．7. D．8.
4．Why did the writer write the material?______
A．To teach parents how to be happy.
B．To tell families how to make a salad.
C．To show parents how to play with their children.
D．To advise family members on how to have a happy family life.
【答案解析】
本文主要介绍了幸福家庭沙拉的原料，制作方法以及储存方式，目的是让每个家庭成员懂得怎样才能拥有幸福的家庭。
1．C细节理解题。根据文中第一栏Two adults (married, responsible and loving parents)，One child (or more)可知幸福家庭沙拉需要两个成年人和至少一个孩子。故选C。
2．C细节理解题。根据文中第二栏第3条和第4条，可知先在沙拉碗里放入乐趣和游戏的叶子，然后把所有混合好的原料倒入沙拉碗中，结合所给选项，故选C。
3．A细节理解题。根据文中文中第二栏可知制作幸福家庭沙拉需要5个步骤，故选A。
4．D主旨大意题。阅读全文可知，本文作者写作意图是让家庭成员知道，怎样才能拥有幸福的家庭生活，结合选项，故选D。
【点睛】
本文讲了家庭幸福沙拉的制作，目的是让人们学会怎样才能创造幸福的家庭生活，题目大多是细节理解题，需要我们快速浏览全文理解大意，带着题目中问题阅读文章细节，判断答案，例如第3小题，根据文中文中第二栏可知制作幸福家庭沙拉需要5个步骤，故选A。
B
（2019·江苏省苏州第十中学校初三月考）
The City Bank was broken into yesterday at 8 p.m. The police were asking two men, John Smith and his brother Joseph Smith.
A policeman interviewed John Smith
John Smith was asked, “ What did you do last night?” He answered, “ I was with my brother, Joseph, all the time. I arrived at my brother’s house at about 6:45 and we watched TV until about 7:30. We watched the news and a baseball game. Then we walked into the town centre and had a meal at a restaurant. I can’t remember the name of the restaurant. It was a big one, but it was almost empty. We both had fish and chips. We left there at 8:40 and walked back to Joseph’s house.”
The statement is true.
Signed: John Smith
A Policeman Interviewed Joseph Smith
Joseph Smith was asked, “What did you do last night?” He answered, “I was with John all the time. John came to my house at fifteen to seven, and then we watched TV for about 45 minutes. We watched a movie about a basketball player, but I can’t remember the name of the movie. Then we took a taxi to a restaurant. I forget what the restaurant is called. There were not many people there. I had steak and chips, and John had chicken. We left there at twenty to nine and we went back to my house.”
The statement is true.
Signed: Joseph Smith
1．The policeman wanted to find the person who ______.
A．told a lie
B．knew the thief
C．went into the bank
D．stole the baseball
2．John and Joseph are ______.
A．boss and worker
B．workmates
C．policeman and thief
D．brothers
3．The two men told the police the same thing about ______.
A．how they got to the restaurant
B．the time
C．what they ate
D．the TV programmes
4．Neither of the two men ______.
A．ate at a restaurant last night
B．watched a movie on TV
C．knew the name of the restaurant
D．liked to eat chips
5．Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to their statements?______
A．Joseph got to John’s house at about 6:45 p.m.
B．There were only a few people in the restaurant.
C．They watched TV for about 45 minutes.
D．They went back to Joseph’s house after leaving the restaurant.
【答案解析】
这篇短文主要介绍了警察对约翰和约瑟夫两个人的讯问。
1．C推理判断题。根据“The City Bank was broken into yesterday at 8 p.m. The police were asking two men, John Smith and his brother Joseph Smith.”可知警察两个人的讯问目的是为了找出谁闯进了银行，故选C。
2．D细节理解题。根据约翰的话“I was with my brother, Joseph, all the time.”可知约翰和约瑟夫是兄弟，故选D。
3．D细节理解题。根据约翰的话“I arrived at my brother’s house at about 6:45 and we watched TV until about 7:30.”及约瑟夫的话“then we watched TV for about 45 minutes”可知他们告诉警察观看电视节目这件事是相同的，故选D。
4．C细节理解题。 根据约瑟夫的话“I forget what the restaurant is called.”和约翰的话“I can’t remember the name of the restaurant.”可知他们都不知道餐馆的名字，故选C。
5．A细节理解题。根据约翰的话“I arrived at my brother’s house at about 6:45”是约翰六点四十五到了约瑟夫家，故A错误；根据他们的介绍可知餐馆里面人不多，故B正确；根据约瑟夫的话“then we watched TV for about 45 minutes”可知他们看了大概45分钟电视，故C正确；根据两个人最后一句话可知他们离开餐馆后去了约瑟夫的家。结合题干要求，故选A。
C
（2019·辽宁省大连外国中学初三一模）
Basketball stars become hip-hop singers. It’s true. In NBA, hip-hop music is very popular. Many of the players, like Shaquille O’Neal of the Los Angeles Lakers, write rap (说唱) words when they travel on planes from one city to another. Some of them even have rap radio shows and others perform in music video.
When some of the younger stars play basketball, they even (甚至) try to look like hip-hop singers. “Hip-hop is just part of our culture.” , says one player. “All of us grew up listening to rap and playing basketball, and rappers grew up doing the same thing.”
Master P. is a famous rap star who wants to become a basketball player. Two NBA teams have invited him to join them. They enjoy listening to his music. An NBA player has become a rapper. He has made four successful rap albums (专集) .
NBA has a closer connection to hip-hop than any other sports league.
1．Many basketball players in NBA like ______.
A．Hip-hop music B．country music
C．Dancing D．American singers
2．Many NBA players ______rap words when they travel on planes from one city to another.
A．learn B．write C．sing D．dance
3．______ is just part of the NBA players’ culture.
A．Music B．Rapper C．Hip-hop D．Basketball
4．The NBA teams invited Master P. to join them just because ______.
A．they like listening to his music B．his dancing is popular
C．they like his face and hair D．his hip-hop was popular
5．Which of the following is NOT right?______
A．An NBA player has become a rapper.
B．A rapper wants to become a NBA basketball player.
C．Players in NBA don’t like hip-hop music at all.
D．NBA basketball teams have a closer connection to hip-hop music.
【答案解析】
这篇短文介绍了嘻哈音乐在NBA运动员中非常流行同时说唱歌手也非常喜欢打篮球。
1．A细节理解题。根据“In NBA, hip-hop music is very popular. Many of the players”可知嘻哈音乐受到许多NBA运动员的欢迎，故选A。
2．B细节理解题。根据“Many of the players, like Shaquille O’Neal of the Los Angeles Lakers, write rap (说唱) words when they travel on planes from one city to another.”可知许多运动员在从一个城市到另一个城市旅行的飞机上写说唱歌词，故选B。
3．C细节理解题。根据““Hip-hop is just part of our culture.” , says one player.”可知嘻哈音乐是运动员文化的一部分，故选C。
4．A细节理解题。根据“Two NBA teams have invited him to join them. They enjoy listening to his music.”可知NBA球队邀请他加入是因为他们喜欢他的音乐。故选A。
5．C细节理解题。根据“An NBA player has become a rapper.”可知A正确；根据“Master P. is a famous rap star who wants to become a basketball player.”可知B正确；根据“In NBA, hip-hop music is very popular. Many of the players”可知NBA里面的运动员很喜欢嘻哈音乐，故C错误；根据“NBA has a closer connection to hip-hop than any other sports league.”可知NBA和嘻哈音乐联系紧密，可知D正确。结合题干，故选C。
D
（2019·四川成都初三联考一）
The Garbage (垃圾) Project started at the University of Arizona in 1973. Since then, the students and teachers in it have studied the modern garbage in different cities.
To study the garbage, the students had to travel to landfills (填埋场) , the places where cities bury (填埋) their garbage. While the students were studying the garbage, they wore special clothes. Students were very careful when they opened bags of garbage.
One important thing the students have learned from studying the garbage is that the garbage in landfills disappears very slowly. That was surprising to both the students and many scientists who had thought that about 70 % of the garbage in landfills would disappear quickly. Even in cities where it rains a lot, the students found newspapers from 1948, 40-year-old hot dogs, and vegetables from 1970. And the students also found many more empty bottles of cola than they expected.
How to dispose of our garbage well depends on what kind of garbage it is: regular(普通的) garbage, dangerous materials, or recyclable materials, such as newspapers and glass bottles. Regular garbage goes to regular landfills. Dangerous materials are harmful to people’s health and the environment. They shouldn’t go into regular landfills.
Homes are full of dangerous waste. One kind of the dangerous waste in homes is batteries. When batteries are buried directly(直接地)in a landfill, they often break open. The poison inside them moves through rain water to the bottom of the landfill. Then it can pollute the natural water in the ground.
Another dangerous waste from homes is motor oil. When people pour old motor oil on the ground or throw it in the garbage, it pollutes the environment.
Our garbage problem is not new, but as the world’s population continues to grow, it will become a bigger and bigger problem.
1．To study the modern garbage, the students had to do many things except ______.
A．wearing special clothes B．traveling to landfills
C．burying the garbage themselves D．opening bags of garbage
2．The underlined words “dispose of” in Paragraph 4 means ______.
A．crash into B．deal with C．worry about D．put up
3．From the article, we know old motor oil ______.
A．should go to regular landfills
B．isn’t harmful garbage
C．mustn’t be poured on the ground
D．never pollutes the environment
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?______
A．There are only two kinds of dangerous waste in homes.
B．Scientists thought about 70 % of the garbage in landfills would disappear slowly.
C．The students found empty bottles of cola were not as many as they expected.
D．Batteries often break open when they are buried directly in a landfill.
【答案解析】
这篇短文主要讲述了垃圾项目始于1973年的亚利桑那大学，学生对不同城市的垃圾进行研究，发现了很多问题，填埋的垃圾很多不能消失，要求我们大家对不同的垃圾进行分类。
1．C细节理解题。根据第二段中“To study the garbage, the students had to travel to landfills (填埋场) , the places where cities bury (填埋) their garbage. While the students were studying the garbage, they wore special clothes. Students were very careful when they opened bags of garbage.”可知，为了研究现代垃圾，学生们需要做的事情是：去垃圾填埋场，穿特殊的衣服，打开垃圾袋，他们不需要自己填埋垃圾。故选C。
2．B词意猜测题。crash into撞上；deal with处理；worry about担心；put up张贴。根据第四段中“Regular garbage goes to regular landfills. Dangerous materials are harmful to people’s health and the environment. They shouldn’t go into regular landfills.”可知，普通的垃圾会被送到垃圾填埋场，危险物质对人体健康和环境有害，它们不应该进入普通的垃圾填埋场，这是在描述如何处理垃圾，所以此处是“如何处理垃圾要根据垃圾的类型”，因此划线部分“dispose of”的意思是“处理”，与deal with意思相同。故选B。
3．C 细节理解题。根据第六段中“Another dangerous waste from homes is motor oil. When people pour old motor oil on the ground or throw it in the garbage, it pollutes the environment.”可知，机油是危险的家庭垃圾，当人们把废旧机油倒在地上或扔进垃圾桶时，会污染环境，所以废旧机油禁止被倾倒在地面上。故选C。
4．D细节理解题。There are only two kinds of dangerous waste in homes.家里只有两种危险的垃圾。根据第五段中“Homes are full of dangerous waste. One kind of the dangerous waste in homes is batteries.”和第六段中“Another dangerous waste from homes is motor oil.”可知，家里充满了危险的垃圾，文中列举了电池和废旧机油，但并没有说家里只有两种危险垃圾，所以A项表述错误。Scientists thought about 70 % of the garbage in landfills would disappear slowly.科学家认为在垃圾填埋场70% 的垃圾会慢慢消失。根据第三段中“That was surprising to both the students and many scientists who had thought that about 70 % of the garbage in landfills would disappear quickly.”可知，科学家们认为垃圾填埋场70% 的垃圾会很快消失，而不是慢慢消失，所以B项表述错误。The students found empty bottles of cola were not as many as they expected.学生们发现空可乐瓶的数量并没有他们想象的那么多。根据第三段中“And the students also found many more empty bottles of cola than they expected.”可知，学生们还发现了比他们预期更多的空可乐瓶，而不是空可乐瓶的数量没有他们预期的多，所以C项表述错误。Batteries often break open when they are buried directly in a landfill.电池直接埋在垃圾填埋场时，经常会破裂。根据第五段中“When batteries are buried directly(直接地)in a landfill, they often break open.”可知，当电池直接埋在垃圾填埋场时，它们经常会破裂，所以D项表述正确。故选D。
A
In 1845, a deadly disease struck the farms of Ireland, killing all the Lumper potato plants. In another place or time, the death of single crop species (物种) might not have been so important. But in Ireland, in 1845, people depended almost solely on the patato for food. The death of one species caused a terrible famine(饥荒). Now, some scientists are worried that such a famine could happen again, but on a much wider scale.
Over the centuries, farmers have discovered thousands of different species of food crops. Each species has special qualities. Some can be grown in very hot or cold climates. Others are not affected by certain diseases. However, you won’t find many of these species in your local supermarket. To feed the seven billion people on Earth, most farmers today are growing only species of plants and farming only species of animals that are easy to produce in large numbers.
For example, in the Philippines, there were once thousands of varieties of rice: now fewer than 100 are grown there. In China, 90 percent of the wheat varieties grown just a century ago have disappeared. Scientists believe that over the past century, we have allowed more than half of the world’s food varieties to disappear.
One solution to this problem is to collect and store the seeds (种子) as many different plant varieties as we can before they disappear. The idea was first suggested by Russian scientist Nikolay Vavilov. In the 1920s and 1930s, he collected around 400,000 seeds from five contients. More recently, others are continuing the work he began.
In the U.S. state of Iowa, Diane Ott Whealy wanted to protect historic plant varieties, like the seeds her great –grandfather brought to the U.S. from Germany more than a hundred years ago. She and her husband started a place called Heritage Farm, where people can store and trade seeds.
More importantly, the people at Heritage Farm don’t just store the seeds; they plant them. By doing this, they are reintroducing foods into the marketplace that haven’t been grown for years. These food species are not just special in terms of appearance or taste. They also offer farmers food solutions for the future, from the past.
1．What is this passage mainly about?______
A．The need to protect different food species.
B．How to increase the number of food species.
C．The fact that many food species are dying out.
D．How to prevent food species from disappearing.
2．Why are some scientists worried that such a famine could happen again?______
A．Because people depend on certain species of food crops.
B．Because the same deadly disease may attack crops again.
C．Because the world’s population is larger than that in 1845.
D．Because farmers grow the same potatoes as those in the past.
3．The following sentence would best be placed at the end of ______.Meanwhile, thousands of other species are dying out.
A．Paragraph 1 B．Paragraph 2 C．Paragraph 3 D．Paragraph 4
4．What can we learn from the passage?______
A．The disease spread very quickly and killed thousands of people in Ireland.
B．Around 80 percent of the rice varieties in the Philippines have disappeared.
C．People have been storing seeds to save plane varieties for less than 100 years.
D．Heritage Farm is the first place in the U.S. for people to store and trade seeds.
【答案解析】
本文介绍了如何防止食物种类的消失。文章介绍了一个物种的死亡可能会导致一场可怕的饥荒（爱尔兰农场的块茎马铃薯植株的灭绝）。文章提到几个世纪以来，农民们发现了数千种不同种类的粮食作物。但是在过去的一个世纪里，世界上一半以上的食物品种已经消失。解决这个问题的一个办法是尽可能多地收集和储存种子，以免它们消失。基于此美国爱荷华州，的黛安·奥特·惠利（DianeOtt-Whealy）和丈夫创办了一个名为传统农场的地方，人们可以在那里储存和交易种子。这样就会防止食物种类的消失了。
1．D主旨大意题。根据Scientists believe that over the past century, we have allowed more than half of the world’s food varieties to disappear. 科学家相信，在过去的一个世纪里，我们已经让世界上一半以上的食物品种消失。以及句子One solution to this problem is to collect and store the seeds (种子) as many different plant varieties as we can before they disappear. 解决这个问题的一个办法是尽可能多地收集和储存种子（种子），以免它们消失。可以推知这篇文章主要讲如何防止食物种类的消失。故选D。
2．A细节理解题。根据most farmers today are growing only species of plants and farming only species of animals that are easy to produce in large numbers. 今天的大多数农民只种植植物品种，只养殖易于大量繁殖的动物品种。可知，科学家担心这样的饥荒会再次发生是因为人们依赖某些种类的粮食作物。故选A。
3．B细节理解题。根据第三段的举例：For example, in the Philippines, there were once thousands of varieties of rice: now fewer than 100 are grown there. In China, 90 percent of the wheat varieties grown just a century ago have disappeared. Scientists believe that over the past century, we have allowed more than half of the world’s food varieties to disappear. 例如，在菲律宾，曾经有数千种水稻品种：现在在那里种植的水稻不到100种。在中国，一个世纪前种植的小麦品种中有90%已经消失。科学家相信，在过去的一个世纪里，我们已经让世界上一半以上的食物品种消失。可知，这一段是对上文的解释，就是为了证明：与此同时，成千上万的其他物种正在灭绝。因此句子Meanwhile, thousands of other species are dying out.放在第二段的最后较好。这样衔接连贯。故选B。
4．A推理判断题。根据In 1845, a deadly disease struck the farms of Ireland, killing all the Lumper potato plants. 1845年，一种致命的疾病袭击了爱尔兰的农场，杀死了所有的块茎马铃薯植株。可知，这是一个物种的死亡导致了一场可怕的饥荒，可能会给爱尔兰造成数千人的死亡。所以A正确。根据For example, in the Philippines, there were once thousands of varieties of rice: now fewer than 100 are grown there. 例如，在菲律宾，曾经有数千种水稻品种：现在在那里种植的水稻不到100种。可知，菲律宾大约80%的水稻品种已经消失。是不对的，应该远大于80%。所以B不对。根据In the U.S. state of Iowa, Diane Ott Whealy wanted to protect historic plant varieties, like the seeds her great –grandfather brought to the U.S. from Germany more than a hundred years ago. 在美国爱荷华州，黛安·奥特·惠利（Diane Ott-Whealy）希望保护历史悠久的植物品种，比如她曾祖父100多年前从德国带到美国的种子。可知，储存种子的时间大于100年。所以选项C不对。根据She and her husband started a place called Heritage Farm, where people can store and trade seeds. 她和丈夫创办了一个名为传统农场的地方，人们可以在那里储存和交易种子。可知，在美国，传统农场是人们储存和交易种子的地方。是不是第一个，短文没有提及。故选项D是不正确的。故选A。
【点睛】
用细节定位法来做细节理解题。
细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的送分题。但由于中考所占的比例很大，应特别引起注意。
事实和细节题的命题特点是：把某词语、某个句子或某具体事实用不同于原文的另一方式或句型表达，即同义改写。解答这类题的窍门是：A)注意掌握英语的多种表达法；B）正确分析词语在句中的作用；C）熟练运用英语的句型转换；D）读懂题干所提出的问题，并准确地找到文中涉及该问题的句子。
做细节题具体方法与步骤如下：
j 略读材料,大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。
k 按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词，如for example，first，second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
l 将自己精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速通篇跳读，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈Z形扫视，直到找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。
B
The human body is a machine that can raise lots of interesting questions. Why, for example, are yawns（呵欠）contagious（传染的）? What's up with ice-cream headaches? Here are answers to these and other questions about our bodies.
Why do I get a headache when I eat ice cream too quickly?
Scientists aren't exactly sure what causes the brain freeze when we eat ice cream or other super cold foods too quickly, though some believe it's the result of changed blood .flow in the nervous system. Blood vessels in the head tighten to stop the loss of body heat and then relax to let blood flow rise; that sudden rush of blood is what causes the headache. You can improve an ice-cream headache by rapidly rubbing your tongue across the roof of your mouth to help warm up things.
What causes my stomach to make a low continuous noise when I'm hungry?
Actually, your stomach makes noise whether you're hungry or full; you just hear it more clearly when you're hungry. Think of your digestive tract（消化道）as a really long tube lined with smooth muscle tissue. These muscles move food, fluids and gas through your digestive tract. ______. It can make you feel embarrassed尴尬的）but is nothing to worry about.
Why do I blush when I'm embarrassed?
When you're embarrassed, your brain releases a shot of adrenaline（肾上腺素）, which makes your heart race and blood vessels become larger in size. All this happens to increase blood flow and oxygen delivery throughout the body in a fight-or-flight reaction（对抗反应）. There are a lot of tiny blood vessels in your face, which turn noticeably redder from this sudden rush of blood. As for the actual function of blushing, researchers are still trying to find that one out.
Why are yawns contagious?
Have you ever yawned in front of someone, only to have them yawn right back? It's a common thing, but researchers don't have a good explanation for it. They do, however, know this happens only with humans and chimpanzees(黑猩猩）. A bigger question puzzling scientists is why we yawn at all. It used to be thought that yawning showed that oxygen to the brain was not enough, but that's just a myth. A growing body of research now shows that yawning is nature's way of keeping our brains cool.
1．What is the meaning of the underlined word tighten?______
A．变松 B．变紧 C．变短 D．变长
2．Which of the following sentences can be filled in the blank?______
A．And that's what you're hearing when your stomach makes noise.
B．And that's why you're so hungry when your stomach is empty
C．And that's what makes you feel uncomfortable when you're full.
D．And that's how it makes a difference to your digestive tract.
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE?______
A．There is no way for you to improve an ice-cream headache.
B．Researchers have found out the actual function of blushing.
C．Your stomach makes noise only when you are hungry.
D．Researchers don't have a good explanation for why yawns are contagious.
4．What is the best title of the passage?______
A．Some Interesting Facts B．Our Strange Body
C．Some Useful Discoveries D．Our Amazing Feelings
【答案解析】
本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述我们身体的一些有趣的问题，包括吃冰激凌太快会头痛、尴尬时会脸红、哈欠会传染。
1．B词义猜测题。根据Blood vessels in the head tighten to stop the loss of body heat and then relax to let blood flow rise可知，头部的血管收紧，以阻止身体热量的流失，然后放松，让血液流动起来，所以tighten的含义为“变紧”，故选B。
2．A推理判断题。根据What causes my stomach to make a low continuous noise when I'm hungry可知，本段主要讲述为什么胃会有声音，接下来开始给出原因，根据These muscles move food, fluids and gas through your digestive tract“这些肌肉通过你的消化道移动食物、液体和气体”，这就是你听到的你的胃发出声音时，故选A。
3．D细节理解题。根据You can improve an ice-cream headache by rapidly rubbing your tongue across the roof of your mouth to help warm up things可知，有方法改善冰激凌头疼状况，排除A；As for the actual function of blushing, researchers are still trying to find that one out可知，研究人员仍在努力寻找答案，排除B；根据Actually, your stomach makes noise whether you're hungry or full; you just hear it more clearly when you're hungry可知，你饿了或者饱了你的胃都会发出声音，排除C；根据Have you ever yawned in front of someone, only to have them yawn right back? It's a common thing, but researchers don't have a good explanation for it可知，关于打哈欠为什么会传染研究者也没有好的解释，故选D。
4．B主旨大意题。本文主要讲述我们身体的一些有趣的问题，包括吃冰激凌太快会头痛、尴尬时会脸红、哈欠会传染。所以是“奇怪的身体”，故选B。
【点睛】
解答词义猜测题时，可以使用如下技巧：1、根据上下文来猜测词义；2、通过同义词或近义词来猜测词义；3、通过构词法来猜测词义；4、通过定义或释义来猜测词义；5、通过句法功能来猜测词义；6、通过转折和因果关系来猜测词义；7. 通过生活常识来猜测词义。对于这类题采取“代入法”也非常有效，即将备选答案逐一代入文中，哪一个选项能使句子的意思通顺、连贯，且与上下文的内容一致，哪一个选项就是该题的正确答案。例如第1题。
C
Dear guest,
We want to do our best to help with the environmental protection, but we do provide washing things (toothbrush, toothpaste, bath shampoo, etc).
If you forget to bring any of these with you, just dial 9 and call the guestroom department. If you wish, we shall send you what you need for free.
Card B
Dear guest,
The hotel wishes to save the world’s natural resources (资源). Every day, tons of detergent and millions of tons of water are used to wash towels(毛巾) which have been used only once.
Here’s how you can help:
★A towel on the rack means: “I’ll use it again.”
★A towel on the floor means: “Please change.”
1．A guest who forgets to bring a toothbrush with him ______.
A．must buy one from the hotel B．should get one ready by himself
C．can get one from the hotel for free D．may ask someone to buy one for him
2．If guests want to get their towels changed, they should leave them ______.
A．in the rack B．on the floor C．under the bed D．in the desk
3．The aim of the cards is to ask guests to ______.
A．offer a good service B．follow the rules of the hotel
C．protect our environment D．all of the above
【答案解析】
这篇短文主要是酒店对客人提供的二张提示卡片，一张是可以免费提供洗漱用品，第二张是提示客人如何让酒店知其需要换毛巾。
1．C细节理解。根据文中“We want to do our best to help with the environmental protection, but we do provide washing things (toothbrush, toothpaste, bath shampoo, etc). If you forget to bring any of these with you, just dial 9 and call the guestroom department.”可知，我们想尽力保护环境，但我们提供洗涤用品（牙刷、牙膏、洗发水等）。如果你忘了带这些东西，只需拨9，打电话给客房部。故选C。
2．B细节理解。in the rack在架子上；on the floor在地板上；under the bed在床底下；in the desk在桌子里。根据文中“A towel on the floor means: “Please change.”” 地板上的毛巾意思是：“请换掉他们。”故选B。
3．D细节理解。根据文中“We want to do our best to help with the environmental protection, but we do provide washing things (toothbrush, toothpaste, bath shampoo, etc).”及“Here’s how you can help:★A towel on the rack means: “I’ll use it again.”★A towel on the floor means: “Please change.””可知，卡片的目的是为了让给顾客提供一个好的服务，可知选项A“offer a good service” 提供良好的服务，是正确的；根据文中“If you forget to bring any of these with you, just dial 9 and call the guestroom department. If you wish, we shall send you what you need for free.；The hotel wishes to save the world’s natural resources (资源). Every day, tons of detergent and millions of tons of water are used to wash towels(毛巾) which have been used only once.”可知，卡片是为了让客人遵守酒店的制度，可知选项B“follow the rules of the hotel” 遵守酒店规定，是正确的；根据文中“We want to do our best to help with the environmental protection,” 我们要尽最大努力帮助环境保护，可知选项C“protect our environment”保护环境是正确的。可知文章选项A,B,C都包括。故选D。
D
I often hear some students say English is difficult, and it gives them a headache. So they can’t learn it well. But English is very easy for me. I’ m good at it. I’m very glad to tell you something about how I study English.
First, I think an interest in English is very important. When I was in Grade One，we had a new subject-English. It was fresh for me. I was interested in it, so I worked hard at it. Soon we had an English exam and I got a very good mark. How happy I was! After that, I learned English harder and harder. Our English teacher often teaches us English songs, the songs sound nice. I often think how interesting English is!
Second, I think English is a foreign language. I should learn it well in the following way: Listen to the teacher carefully, speak bravely, read aloud and have a good vocabulary. Then practice again and again, never be tired. And I also have a good habit: Asking whenever（不论何时）I have a question, I must make it clear by asking our English teacher. How happy I am when I understand!
Besides this, I often read English stories, jokes and easy novels. From these I know English is not only interesting, but also useful. They help me understand a lot of things, So to do more reading is an important way to learn English well.
And I also do some exercises from our class magazines, and I often write English diaries. English has become a close friend of mine.
Now I have learned English for more than two years. I always keep the first position in our school. From these words, I hope every student can learn English well.
1．Why do some students often ”have a headache”?______
A．Because they are easy to catch a cold
B．Because it’s often very cold.
C．Because they think English is easy.
D．Because they don’t think English is easy.
2．The writer tells us that we should be ______ in English if we want to learn it well.
A．interest B．interested C．interesting D．strict
3．The sentence “I got a very good mark” means”______”.
A．I got a good way B．I had a good idea
C．I did badly in the exam D．I did well in the exam
4．The writer thinks English is interesting because______.
A．English is full of stories
B．English is full of jokes
C．his teacher often teaches them nice English songs
D．of nothing
5．Which of the following is NOT the way the writer studies by?______
A．Speaking bravely. B．Writing to foreign friends.
C．Reading aloud. D．Writing English diaries.
【答案解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍作者学习英语的问题，并详细介绍了自己学习英语的方法。
1．D细节理解题。根据短文第一段I often hear some students say English is difficult, and it gives them a headache.描述，可知是他们认为英语很难，从而头痛。故选D。
2．B细节理解题。根据第二段First, I think an interest in English is very important. 描述，可知作者认为学习英语，首先要对它感兴趣。故选B。
3．D句义猜测题。联系上下文，可知此处指的是，我取得了好的分数。故选D，我在考试中做的不错。
4．C细节理解题。根据短文第二段Our English teacher often teaches us English songs, and the songs sound nice. I often think how interesting English is!描述，可知作者认为英语很有趣是因为他们老师经常教他们好听的英文歌曲。故选C。
5．B细节理解题。根据短文第三段描述，可知作者学习英语的方式包括：勇敢地说，大声读和写英文日记。没有关于给外国朋友写信的描述，故选B。
E
When I was about 12, I had an “enemy”, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings(缺点）. Sometimes she said I was thin. Sometimes she said I was lazy. Sometimes she said I wasn’t a good student. Sometimes she said I talked too much, and so on. I tried to put up with(忍受)her as long as I could. At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes.
He listened to me quietly, and then he asked, “Are the things she said true or not? Mary, didn’t you ever wonder what you’re really like? Go and make a list of everything she said and make the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said. ”
I did as he told me and I was very surprised to discover that about half the things were true.
I brought the list back to my dad. He refused to take it. “That’s just for you,” he said. “You know the truth about yourself better than any other people. When something said about you is true, you’ll find it will be of help to you. Don’t shut your ears. Listen to them all, but hear the truth and do what you think is right.”
Many years have passed. The situation often appears in my mind. In our life we often meet with some trouble and we often go to someone and ask for advice. For some advice you will treasure(珍惜)all your life!
1．The “enemy” pointed out the writer’s shortcomings, and the writer felt______at last.
A．happy B．angry C．lonely D．surprised
2．What did the writer's father do after he heard her complaints?______
A．He agreed with her “enemy”.
B．He left her continue to put up with her “enemy”.
C．He asked her to write down all her “enemy” had said about her.
D．He asked her not to pay attention to what her “enemy” had said.
3．Which of the following can we know from the passage?______
A．The “enemy” thought the writer was pretty.
B．The “enemy” thought the writer studied hard.
C．The writer’s father gave her “enemy” a lesson.
D．The writer is grateful to her father.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?______
A．The Best Advice I Ever Had
B．My Parents
C．What People Say about Your Is Always Right
D．A Serious Criticism（批评）
【答案解析】
这篇短文主要向我们介绍了作者12岁的时遇到一个喜欢指出作者缺点的女孩，作者认为这个女孩是自己的敌人，作者将这件事情告诉了父亲，而父亲让作者自己评价那个女孩说的是否属实，作者惊奇地发现女孩说的大多数是对的，后来她学会珍惜他人的意见。
1．B 细节理解。 happy高兴的； angry生气的； lonely孤独的； surprised吃惊的。根据文中“When I was about 12, I had an “enemy”, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings(缺点）. Sometimes she said I was thin. Sometimes she said I was lazy. Sometimes ….At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes.”可知，“敌人”指出了作者的缺点，作者最后感到愤怒。故选B
2．C细节理解。根据文中“Go and make a list of everything she said and make the points that are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said.”在作者的父亲听了作者的抱怨后，他让她把她所有的“敌人”说的内容，都写下来。故选C。
3．D推理判断。根据文中“I did as he told me and I was very surprised to discover that about half the things were true.” 我照他说的做了，我很惊讶地发现大约一半的事情是真的。及“Many years have passed. The situation often appears in my mind. In our life we often meet with some trouble and we often go to someone and ask for advice. For some advice you will treasure(珍惜)all your life!” 很多年过去了。这种情况经常出现在我的脑海里。在我们的生活中，我们经常遇到一些麻烦，我们经常去别人那里寻求建议。为了得到一些建议，你将终生珍视。可知，这位作家很感激她的父亲。故选D。
4．A标题归纳。The Best Advice I Ever Had我有过最好的建议； My Parents我父母；What People Say about Your Is Always Right人们对你的评价总是正确的； A Serious Criticism（批评）严肃的批评。根据文中“he said. “You know the truth about yourself better than any other people. When something said about you is true,you’ll find it will be of help to you. Don’t shut your ears. Listen to them all, but hear the truth and do what you think is right.”” “那是给你的，”他说。“你比别人更了解自己的真相。当有人说你是真的，你会发现这对你有帮助。别闭上耳朵。听他们的话，但要听实话，做你认为正确的事。”可知，爸爸对女儿说的要敢于面对自己的错误，这是作者一生最好的建议。故选A。
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