上海市上海中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试卷(含答案)

2022-2023学年上海市上海中学高二上学期期末考试英语试卷

I. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A Multiple Choice

1. No one was convinced by her insistence        to blame.

A. that she be not B. that she was not C. on her being not D. on her not be

2. Do remember you        breathe a word of this to anyone.

A. won’t B. shan’t C. don’t D. wouldn’t

3. He        ask too much about her private life as she was so sensitive about it.

A. not dared B. didn’t dare C. dared not to D. dares not to

4. Timmy, why        in the mud? I have already told you so many times not to!

A. must you sit B. should you sit C. will you sit D. can you sit

5. It is obvious that nobody wants to make friends with the poor boy        money.

A. suspecting to have stolen B. suspecting to steal

C. suspected having stolen D. suspected of having stolen

6. Could it have been on her birthday         her parents gave her this computer as a present?

A. then B. that C. when D. that’s why

7. The use of radar as well as the two-way radio        for the police to intercept most speeders.

A. makes it a possibility B. make possible it C. makes it possible D. make possible

8.          his impeccable intellectual and social credentials, we wouldn’t have managed to get the grant.

A. If it weren’t for B. Had not it been for C. With the help of D. But for

9.         in her veins some of the blood of the bohemian and the adventuress who runs barefoot.

A. There flown B. Here flew C. There flows D. Here flow

10. Once again, Jeff could interact with the dolphins and find affection in return.       

A. Little he dreamed how severely his love could be tested.

B. Little has he dreamed how severely his love will be tested.

C. Little dreamed he how severely his love would be tested.

D. Little did he dream how severely his love would be tested.

11. Tracy Mcgrady announced his operation decision to the press without informing his club, leaving his team members        why he did so.

A. to wonder B. wondered C. wondering D. wonder

12. Not long ago        in mysterious circumstances, following the death of another opposition leader earlier this year.

A. died a leader of the democratic opposition

B. did a leader of the democratic opposition die

C. a leader of the democratic opposition had died

D. a leader of the democratic opposition died

13.         enquiries and seek for reliable new-corporation logistics company for transloading, we would be glad to assist and append our best competitive rates to you.

A. If you had had B. Should you have C. But that you had D. You are to have

14. Any change in consciousness is accompanied by a(n)         change in the biophysical system.

A. exhausting B. discreet C. corresponding D. distracting

15. The depth and extent of this understanding have been shown in some work of        quality and insight.

A. fancy B. exceptional C. promising D. flexible

16. Polish national long-stay visas        their holders to a maximum 5-day visa-free transit through the Schengen territory (only on the way to Poland).

A. attach B. stick C. expose D. entitle

17. A special period should be        solely for the purpose of carrying out an inspection.

A. set aside B. set against C. set off D. set back

Section B

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.

How language transformed humanity

Language is very probably the one characteristic that separates us from the chimpanzees, our closest relatives. All other major differences between us likely stem from language. “It allows you to implant (植入) a thought from your mind directly into someone else’s mind”, says Mark Pagel, professor and head of the Evolution Laboratory at the University of Reading.

Humans use discrete (分离的) pulses of sound—their language—____18____(alter) the internal settings inside someone else’s brain to suit an individual’s interests. Language is a form of social learning instead of something ____19____(pursue) all by oneself.

Social learning is visual theft: for example, if I can learn by watching you, I can steal (and benefit from) your best ideas, wisdom or skills without having to invest the time and energy to develop these ____20____.

There are two options for dealing with this crisis: either return into small family groups so the benefits of each group’s knowledge ____21____(share) only with one’s relatives or expand one’s group to include unrelated others.____22____our relatives, the Neanderthals, who withdrew into small groups, humans chose the second option, and language was the result.

“Language evolved to solve the crisis of visual theft and to exploit cooperation and exchange”, says Professor Pagel.

In fact, as Professor Pagel argues, language is a “social technology” ____23____(allow) for cooperation between unrelated individuals and groups. According to the archaeological record, it was this cooperation and sharing of ideas ___24___came before human migration around the planet and the following human population explosion.

But almost incomprehensibly thousands of languages evolved. So just ____25____a shared language facilitates communication and cooperation between unrelated groups, different languages slow the flow of ideas, technologies—and even genes.

“Can humans afford to have all these different languages?” asks Professor Pagel. In a world ____26____we want to promote cooperation, in a world that is more dependent than ever on cooperation to maintain and enhance humanity’s levels of prosperity, multiple languages _____27_____not be practical.

In fact, humanity’s “destiny is to be one world with one language”, concludes Professor Pagel.

Section C Vocabulary

Direction: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

The house of the future? A sun-filled, shape-shifting, shed-share paradise

What will homes be like 10 years from now? Judging by the winners of the Home of 2030 competition, sharing will be key.

Shared home-working spaces, communal garden sheds and houses built using apps—these are just some of the ideas in the winning proposals for the government’s Home of 2030 competition to develop prototype “homes fit for the future”,____28____the “best of British design”. The aim was to imagine what the best age-adaptable, energy-efficient, healthy homes might look like in 10 years’ time; but, according to the winning architects, most of the best ideas have been around for generations.

“You can’t get much more ____29____and adaptable than the Georgian townhouse,” says Jennifer Beningfield of Openstudio, leader of one of the two winning teams announced today. “We’ve taken this very simple model and ____30____it for the 21st century. Our idea was to create infinite choice and variation from something very simple.”

Her team’s scheme imagines a terraced (排房的) housing type made from two standard components, a base unit and a loft, joined with “connector” pieces, taking into account multiple configurations (布局) over time as family ____31____change. Standing between the homes, the connectors would ____32____stairs and a lift, as well as storage and shared workspace. One of the most important aspects since the pandemic, says Beningfield, is providing “space to work from home, without having your laptop on the kitchen table”. Each home would have its own private outdoor space, while they would all back on to large communal gardens, arranged in the ____33____of a traditional London square.

Built off-site to demanding Passivhaus standards, with a twin wall timber frame, the homes would be ____34____by generous 2.7m high ceilings and tall 2.5m windows and doors, massively increasing the amount of daylight brought into the rooms, compared with most new-build spec housing. Beningfield, who studied and worked in South Africa and the US, says that off-site construction is crucial, given the shocking build quality of so many new homes in the UK – which she fears will only get worse after Brexit, if much of the skilled ____35____is forced to leave.

As is so often the case with blue-sky (纯理论的) ideas competitions, the ambitions of the Home of 2030 winning teams are ____36____– and, in this case, completely buildable – but there is little evidence to suggest that either the government or the volume housebuilding sector has any intention of putting them into practice. For that, we must look to Sunderland in 2023, and hope that a(n)____37____union of other councils, communities and smaller-scale builders have the imagination to follow their lead.

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Cloze

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Left out of society: Vanuatu’s deaf community push for national sign language

Tasale Edward Bule, a 45-year-old fisher from Vanuatu’s Efate island, remembers the day the world went silent. “I woke up one morning and remember not hearing the birds sing, or the rooster crow,” Bule says. “I asked everyone to call my name to see if I would hear them – it was then I realised I had ____38____the hearing in both my ears.” The illness that took his hearing has never been clearly explained to Bule by a doctor. But at 14, and with no ____39____sign language or disability support, he left school, despite dreaming of one day becoming a pilot or an engineer.

Bule’s story would be ____40____ much of the deaf community in the Pacific country of Vanuatu. With no national sign language, most people have to___41___their own ways to communicate. Some use signs they’ve developed with their families and communities, but then ____42____to communicate outside this group. Others, like Bule, rely largely on lip-reading to ____43____.

Disability advocates say this leaves the deaf community unable to participate fully in society. The group are also more ____44____during natural disasters, frequent in Vanuatu. Thus people are seeking to create an official language in the hope of ____45____life for the hard of hearing community in the Pacific nation.

____46____, the government hopes to fix this too. It is currently developing a national sign language, to be called Storian wetem han, or “using hands to communicate”.

The initiative, which is funded by the Global Partnership for Education and the World Bank, has seen _____47_____travel the country collecting signs from deaf people, and filming deaf people signing different words, which will be _____48_____to a sign language dictionary software program and turned into a national sign language.

Once developed, Vanuatu would join Fiji, Kiribati, Samoa and Solomon Islands as Pacific nations with a national sign language, though at present Papua New Guinea is the only country where its sign language, Auslan-PNG Sign, is an officially _____49_____national language.

The government hopes that Storian wetem han will be able to be _____50_____fully across the country in 2024.

For now though, Arthur Simrai, a field officer for the Vanuatu Society for People Living with DisabilitySimrai, says that many of those living with hearing loss don’t _____51_____sign language on the rare occasions that they see it. “Most of the people who can’t hear, they don’t know the sign language on the screen,” he said. “They have their own sign at home … with their family to signal or communicate what they want … but not everyone in the community know.”

If Vanuatu is able to make a _____52_____of its national sign language, Simrai says, it would make an enormous difference to the lives of people who are deaf across the country.

38. A. enhanced B. lost C. developed D. disabled

39. A. independence of B. treatment for C. impact on D. access to

40. A. appealing to B. familiar to C. distinct from D. due to

41. A. invent B. perform C. enhance D. abandon

42. A. manage B. resolve C. deserve D. struggle

43. A. get by B. back up C. settle down D. take over

44. A. plausible B. distracted C. vulnerable D. regretful

45. A. creating B. conveying C. changing D. combining

46. A. Therefore B. Meanwhile C. However D. Nevertheless

47. A. officials B. netizens C. soldiers D. therapists

48. A. delivered B. downloaded C. filtered D. uploaded

49. A. exposed B. targeted C. considered D. recognised

50. A. referred to B. rolled out C. deprived of D. drunk to

51. A. remember B. collect C. recognise D. film

52. A. copy B. mess C. success D. series

Section B

Directions: Read passage A, B, C and D. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

An exhibition of vivid photographs and a restored documentary give fresh insight into the Antarctic explorer, who died a century ago.

One hundred years ago, the leader of the last great expedition of the heroic age of polar exploration died from a heart attack as his ship, Quest, headed for Antarctica. The announcement of the death of Ernest Shackleton on 30 January 1922 was greeted with an outpouring of national grief.

This was the man, after all, who had saved the entire crew of his ship Endurance — which had been crushed and sunk by ice in 1915 — by making a daring trip in a tiny open boat over 750 miles of polar sea to raise the alarm at a whaling station in South Georgia.

It remains one of the greatest rescue stories of modern history and led to the idolising of Shackleton in the United Kingdom, a reputation that survived undamaged for the rest of the century. As his contemporary Raymond Priestley, the geologist and Antarctic explorer, later put it: “When disaster strikes and all hope is gone, get down on your knees and pray for Shackleton.”

And here and now in 2022, his death is being marked with an elaborately illustrated exhibition — Shackleton’s legacy and the power of early Antarctic photography — which opens at the Royal Geographical Society (RGS), and which includes a range of images and artefacts from his expeditions. Additionally, a digitally remade version of South, a documentary film of Shackleton’s 1914-16 Endurance expedition, is being screened at the British Film Institute.

The film and most of the exhibition’s finest images are the handiwork of Frank Hurley, who sailed with Shackleton and who was one of the 20th century’s greatest photographers and film-makers. Both film and exhibition feature striking camera work and provide vivid accounts of the hardships that Shackleton and his men endured as they headed off to explore Antarctica.

Even after he survived the great expedition, he still longed for another trip to Antarctica, and after long negotiations set sail in Quest, from England, with the aim of circumnavigating (环航) Antarctica, Shackleton was by now very ill and had suffered at least one heart attack. On 2 January 1922, he wrote in his diary: “I grow old and tired but must always lead on.” Three days later he had a major heart attack and died a few hours later. He is buried on South Georgia, scene of his greatest triumph.

“Shackleton was an inspirational leader. He had an innate sense of what was possible and achievable. He also had a huge personality but led by example. At the same time, he was sensitive to the needs of the individuals he was leading. For example, after Endurance broke up, his men had lost their protection and shelter. Their social fabric had been destroyed. There would have been disagreement. Yet Shackleton succeeded in keeping them together and made sure they survived.”

53. People were overcome with grief when Ernest Shackleton died because          .

A. it was a huge pity that such a brave explorer should have died from a heart attack

B. he was the man that wrote about one of the greatest rescue stories of modern history

C. he came to his entire crew’s rescue and symbolised hope in extreme circumstances

D. there was no one to pray to anymore when disaster came and there was no hope

54. What can we learn about the exhibition?

A. It presents Shackleton’s 1914-16 Endurance expedition with powerful Antarctic photos.

B. It celebrates the 100th anniversary of the great explorer Ernest Shackleton’s birth.

C. It consists of vivid photographs, artefacts, and documentaries of Ernest Shackleton.

D. It is created by Frank Hurley, who witnessed Shackleton’s heroic acts with his own eyes.

55. Which of the following is NOT true about Ernest Shackleton according to the passage?

A. He was the leader of a heroic exploration to the South pole, who died from a heart attack off shore.

B. He saved the crew members of the sunken Endurance by travelling to raise the alarm in a tiny boat.

C. He is universally recognised as the greatest Antarctic explorer who has enjoyed enduring fame.

D. He was inspirational, practical, responsible, sensitive towards his men, but had a strong character.

56. What does “Their social fabric had been destroyed. ” in the last paragraph most probably mean?

A. What they wore would not be accepted by others upon returning.

B. They could no longer socialise with others even if they went back.

C. The ship could not keep them together even if they survived.

D. They could not function socially as they had when there was shelter.

(B)

Four great mini adventures in the UK

Swim with seals, Lundy Island

Suits Water babies

Difficulty Easy to moderate

Known – with a large pinch of salt and bundles of imagination – as the UK’s Galapagos, this small island off the coast of Devon has an abundance of wildlife to discover. The cliffs are home to scores of birds from puffins to kittiwake, razorbills and guillemots, the grassland harbours the Lundy pony and sika deer and the sea grey seals. It’s these aquatic mammals that offer the most memorable encounters. Renowned for getting up close and personal with snorkellers, they often rub human visitors with their noses (despite rules stating people should keep a distance!).

Swim with Seals £69.50pp including ferry from Ilfracombe, bristolchannelcharters.co.uk

Stargaze from a bothy(茅屋) , mid Wales

Suits Nature-lovers who can rough it

Difficulty Moderate

Nestled in the Elan Valley – an area dotted with reservoirs and woodland and known by very few – is a little bothy called Lluest Cwmbach. Recently refurbished by the volunteer-run and donation-funded Mountain Bothies Association (MBA), it offers a basic shelter from the elements comprising of sleeping platforms, a solid fuel tove(bring your own fuel), and even an outside toilet (a luxury for a bothy). As it’s far from the nearest towns and villages and their light pollution, it offers some of the best stargazing in Wales. Not bad for nothing – though note they are not bookable, so space is never guaranteed. Free, though joining the MBA (£25 a year) helps with the upkeep of these wonderful buildings, mountainbothies.org.uk

Downhill on a mountain bike, Brecon Beacons

Suits Speed freaks

Difficulty Moderate to hard

From the Mid Glamorgan town of Merthyr Tydfil a whole host of mountain bike routes lay in wait for the brave. There’s just one catch – the big Brecon peaks. For hard-core bikers that’s not an issue but for those new to muddy trails it can be off-putting. But Adventure Cycling Wales has the answer: let them worry about the ascent. They transport bike and rider to the top of the most epic routes and it is all downhill from there. From £35 including bike hire and lift to route start adventurecyclingwales.co.uk

White water rafting, Hertfordshire

Suits Adrenaline lovers

Difficulty Challenging

Built for the canoe slalom at London 2012, Lee Valley White Water Centre, just 17 miles from central London, now also offers mere mortals the chance to take to the rapids. With everything on offer from tasters of the full-on foaming course to tubing and family fun, it provides an adrenaline-packed day trip from the capital. Tasters from £25pp, must be 14+, gowhitewater.co.uk

57. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Travellers should strictly stay away from the wild aquatic mammals on Lundy Island.

B People only need to bring your own fuel to Lluest Cwmbach as it is a luxurious bothy.

C. Riders descend from the big Brecon peaks along muddy but fantastic bike routes.

D. Sightseers can spend an exciting day going white-watering in central London.

58. If Arthur and his wife want to take to the water and enjoy family fun with their 12-year-old twins, how much do they have to spend at least?

A. £75. B. £140. C. £100. D. £278.

59. Which column on the newspaper would this passage most probably belong to?

A. Natural Wonders B. Travel Bargains

C. Exploring UK D. Travel Tips

(C)

In these times of worldwide communications, science is no different from other professions in that English is now the established “universal” language. Like it or not, most scientific reports are published in English, although some countries also have journals that are published in their native languages. But how did English develop into the dominant language of scientific discourse (会话)? Was it a joint decision or did it happen progressively and “accidentally”? And was it a positive move for all?

Arabic was used in all countries with an Islamic culture in the middle ages, while in Europe Latin was used for communication in science and education until the 17th century. During the Enlightenment, Latin lost favour as it was thought to be too complicated. Instead, scientific communication became more “provincial”; German, French, Italian and English were used in their respective countries and colonies, with different languages being more important in different disciplines — German, for instance, was widely used in physics, chemistry and some aspects of medicine and psychology. The relative use of these languages changed through history, reflecting the relative growth and decline of science, culture and economics in these countries. Thus, the use of French predominated in the 18th century, whereas German was most widespread in the 19th and English dominated the 20th. Social upheaval (剧变) also played a role — the use of French declined dramatically after World War I, whereas that of German increased in parallel until World War II. After World War II, and especially in the past 30 years, English progressively established itself as the primary language for scientific communication as America came to dominate both basic research and technology. In the 1920s the need for a universal language of science was debated, and a synthetic language, Esperanto, was developed but never widely used.

Despite the obvious appeal of having a common language that allows scientists around the world to communicate with one another there can indeed be some drawbacks in using English for all communication — non-native English speakers can be at a disadvantage compared with native speakers when it comes to expressing and highlighting the interest of their papers and communicating with editors and referees. Careful copy editing can tackle the problem of accessibility of accepted manuscripts, but upstream of this stage it is down to all parties to ensure that they evaluate work on its scientific merit rather than its proper use of grammar.

The use of a universal language for communication in science is unavoidable as one obvious advantage is that findings can be more widely accessed, and resisting this concept for the sake of cultural difference would seem to be anything but productive. However, the use of national language and less technical language is useful in communicating science to the general public, as is the case with the Nature gateways in Japanese, Chinese, Korean and German.

60. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the changes of languages in science through history?

A. Scientific development. B. Cultural influence.

C. Economic climate. D. Social communication.

61. The downside of using English for all scientific communication involves          .

A. some scientific work being undervalued due to its improper use of grammar

B. acknowledged manuscripts sometimes not being accessed with enough care

C. editors and referees’ failure to communicate with the authors of the papers

D. non-native English speakers being unable to express what interests them well

62. What can we infer from the last paragraph？

A. Creating a universal language in scientific communication is inevitable.

B. A universal language enables more people to read about scientific findings.

C. Cultural difference adds to the difficulty in increasing scientific productivity.

D. Ordinary people also benefit from the use of technical language in science.

63. Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?

A. Universal Language Established B. Universal Language of Science

C. Breaking the Language Barrier D. Breaking the Language Dominance

Section C

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

With an eye on urbanization, population growth and efficiency, tiny spaces were a big theme at this summer’s Dwell on Design conference in Los Angeles. Designers from around the world proudly presented housing and products for living small – from transformable furniture to 3D printed interior objects. ______64______Urban housing supplies are already straining (紧张) worldwide with 54% of the global population of 7.2 billion living in cities, according to the United Nation’s World Urbanization Prospects 2014 report. By 2050, that number is expected to rise to 6.33 billion, or 66% of a forecasted world population of 9.6 billion.

In North America, about 82% of the total population – roughly 473.8 million people – lives in urban areas._____65_____Many of the new units being built are getting smaller and smaller, challenging municipal(市政的) housing codes and zoning regulations.

Micro-apartments tricked out with scaled-down, adaptable furniture and decor could make urban living more compatible (兼容的) with the way people increasingly live now – and help cities as they attempt to absorb more people in the future. The challenges include how to do so affordably, comfortably and with enough privacy to make these spaces homes as well as housing.

Re-thinking the toilet

The greater Tokyo area is the world’s most densely populated metropolitan region with some 38 million residents packed into about 5,200 sq miles.____66____TOTO, the Japanese bathroom fixtures and plumbing company, showcased micro-toilet design for bathrooms as small as 9 sq feet (0.84 meters) at the Dwell on Design conference.

The design also carries the EPA WaterSense label, averaging a lean 1 gallon per flush. This “saves a family of four more than $90 annually on their water bill, and $2,000 over the lifetime of the toilet”, said TOTO USA’s Lenora Campos.

Convertible furniture re-imagined

To furnish a micro-apartment comfortably, Resource Furniture has re-imagined the old Murphy beds and folding tables with sophisticated book shelves, desks and sofas that can convert into beds. Drawers pull out from under stairs._____67_____

A. A sleeping layer might include a platform bed with a desk or closet space underneath, for example.

B. There’s a very fixed idea of what an apartment needs to be and who you expect to live in the unit will affect the design.

C. Often their strategies sought to reduce the human footprint on the environment and save energy.

D. So small sinks and showers are nothing new in compact Japanese bathrooms.

E. Storage space is cleverly hidden within walls and pushed up to ceilings.

F. The number of single-person households is rising, although housing has not kept pace with demographic change.

IV. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

68. 如果我们带的燃料不够支撑一整晚怎么办？(What if) (汉译英)

69. 语言学习对人类大脑的影响堪称神奇。(nothing) (汉译英)

70. 神话故事的存在证明了人类自古以来就对宇宙充满了幻想。(date) (汉译英)

71. 这本科幻小说的结局使读者领悟到，如若继续忽视对自然平衡的保护，人类终将自食其果。(awaken) (汉译英)

参考答案

1-5BBBAD.  6-10 BCDCD. 11-15CBACB.  16-17DA

18. to alter   

19. pursued   

20. things

21. are shared    22. Like    23. allowing    24. that    25. only   

26. where    27. can

28. C. 29. K    30. E    31. D    32. I    33. B    34. G    35. A    36. H    37. J

38. B    39. D    40. B    41. A    42. D    43. A    44. C    45. C    46. B    47. A    48. D    49. D    50. B    51. C    52. C

53. C    54. C    55. A    56. C

57. C    58. D    59. C

60. D    61. A    62. C    63. B

64. A    65. F    66. D    67. E

68. What if we don’t have enough fuel to last all night?

69. Nothing is more amazing than what language learning does to the human brain.

70. The existence of fairy tales proves that the fantasy of human beings about the universe dates from ancient times.

71. The end of this science fiction novel awakens reader that continuing to neglect the protection of the balance of nature will make human-being eat their own bitter fruit.