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2022-2023学年辽宁省沈阳市重点高中联盟高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份2022-2023学年辽宁省沈阳市重点高中联盟高三上学期期中考试英语试题（解析版），共23页。
英语
(满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟)
注意事项：
1. 答题时，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。
2. 答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应題目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3. 答非选择题时，必须使用黑色墨水笔或黑色签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上，写在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。
4. 考试结束后，将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is Jane going to do?
A. Buy some books. B. Study in the library. C. Do a part-time job.
2. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?
A. Travel. B. Housework. C. Weather.
3. When will Tina leave for the airport?
A. At 2: 00 pm. B. At 3: 30 pm. C. At 6: 30 pm.
4. How will the speakers go to the exhibition?
A. By bicycle. B. By subway. C. By car.
5. What is the man’s attitude towards the news?
A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Unconcerned.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What might the relationship between the two speakers be?
A. Colleagues. B. Classmates. C. Teacher and student.
7. What did the woman do last night?
A. She did some research. B. She met a client. C. She typed a report.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What’s wrong with the man?
A. He has a headache. B. He has a bad cold. C. He has a low fever.
9. What time will the man see Dr. Carter?
A. At 4: 00 pm, Wednesday. B. At 8: 00 am, Tuesday. C. At 8: 15 am, Thursday.
10. Who is probably the woman?
A. Dr. Carter. B. Dr. Carter’s secretary. C. Dr. Carter’s patient.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What does the man advise the woman to add to the letter?
A. Her photo. B. Her hobbies. C. Her driving license.
12. What language is the woman least fluent in?
A. Chinese. B. French. C. Japanese.
13. What does the woman think of her typing skills?
A. Useful. B. Poor. C. Basic.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Where might the two speakers be?
A. In a lift. B. At a clinic. C. At a restaurant.
15. How does the woman react to the emergency?
A. She complains. B. She bursts into tears. C. She keeps making telephones.
16. Why is the man so calm?
A. He thinks it’s useless to worry. B. He knows how to solve the problem.
C. He has been in the same situation before.
17. What does the man ask the woman to do?
A. Cancel her appointment. B. Introduce herself. C. Ring the alarm.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. In which country is it proper to make a noise while drinking?
A. Mexico. B. Britain. C. Japan.
19. What is considered rude in the Arab countries?
A. Eating with your left hand. B. Lifting the bowl to your mouth.
C. Keeping your hands on the table.
20. What advice does the speaker give on different manners?
A. Doing as you do at home. B. Visiting different countries. C. Following the native people.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Many summer camps have had to cancel their programming due to COVID-19. So we have found a great selection of virtual summer camps for your children.
Happy Camper Live
Ages: 5~18
Cost: $ 499 a month
What is special about Happy Camper Live is that there are hundreds of camp adventures and experiences to choose from to offer your children unique camp experience. Children can make fun with a world-class athlete, play volleyball with a national high school champion and learn a new art, craft or musical instrument.
Smart Robots Virtual Camp
Ages: 7~11
Cost: $ 179 for two weeks
Campers will receive a smart coding robot of choice and learning materials and apps to get them started in this camp. This camp is of much social experience. At the end of camp, each child will be certificated as a “junior coder”, have made penfriends for life and have new skills and knowledge to bring into their classrooms in the fall.
Written Out Loud
Ages: 8~17
Cost: 250 per week
The storytelling school Written Out Loud has transformed its program to a virtual storytelling workshop. Founded in 2018 by a Hollywood film-maker, Written Out Loud offers classes for children aged 8 to 17 that combine a range of disciplines such as creative writing, film-making and even improving comedy.
Got Game Summer Academy
Ages: 4~12
Cost: $ 195 for two weeks
With a focus on reading, writing and math, Got Game will help your children stay academically on track while still having fun in an energised virtual learning environment. Children will receive personalised attention from teachers while also participating in games that centre around communication on group projects and building individual skills.
1. Where can campers amuse themselves with a world-class athlete?
A. In Happy Camper Live. B. In Written Out Loud.
C. In Smart Robots Virtual Camp. D. In Got Game Summer Academy.
2. What’s special about Smart Robots Virtual Camp?
A. It is an experienced camp.
B. It focuses on improving musical skills.
C. It’s the most expensive of the four camps.
D. It offers a large number of different activities
3. What do Written Out Loud and Got Game Summer Academy have in common?
A. They are suitable for children under 8.
B. They teach children how to make films.
C. They improve children’s writing skills.
D. They enable children to learn while playing games.
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个在新冠疫情期间适合学生参加的虚拟夏令营。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Happy Camper Live的“Children can make fun with a world-class athlete, play volleyball with a national high school champion and learn a new art, craft or musical instrument.(孩子们可以和世界级运动员一起玩耍，和全国高中冠军一起打排球，学习新的艺术、工艺或乐器。)”可知，在Happy Camper Live中，孩子们可以和世界级运动员一起玩耍。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Smart Robots Virtual Camp中的“This camp is of much social experience.(这个营地有很多社会经验。)”可知，该夏令营经验丰富。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Written Out Loud的“Founded in 2018 by a Hollywood film-maker, Witten Out Loud offers classes for children aged 8 to 17 that combine a range of disciplines such as creative writing, film-making and even improving comedy. (Witten Out Loud由一名好莱坞电影制作人于2018年创立，为8至17岁的儿童提供课程，结合了创意写作、电影制作甚至提高喜剧水平等一系列学科。)”中的disciplines such as creative writing，以及Got Game Summer Academy的“With a focus on reading, writing and math, Got Game will help your children stay academically on track while still having fun in an energized virtual learning environment.(专注于阅读，写作和数学，Got Game将帮助您的孩子在一个充满活力的虚拟学习环境中保持学业上的正轨)”中的With a focus on reading, writing and math可知，这两个夏令营都能提高孩子的写作能力。故选C项。
B
My hands were shaking uncontrollably. I tried incredibly hard to focus on the words that I spent hours putting down on paper. I tried to conquer my fear of speaking in public on numerous occasions throughout my life. During college and at my first few jobs, I would get ridiculously nervous when I had to give a presentation or lead a meeting. Public speaking had been my nemesis for as long as I could remember.
Then in my mid-thirties, I decided to join the public speaking group Toastmasters. At every meeting, we were rated and forced to compete with other speakers for an award. You would think that I would walk away from these experiences as a polished speaker, but nothing seemed to work.
It wasn’t until recently, when science and scientific institutions were being attacked for unfair reasons during the pandemic, that I decided I must speak out. Science has made this country a place where dreams come true — this is why we all need to protect science. In addition, as a science writer, I try to get readers to understand how science is related to their daily lives.
So I ended up on that frightening stage on that sunny Saturday in April — Earth Day. Despite the body shakes and fear, I persevered. That day, I looked out into the crowd of like-minded science supporters and I felt comfort.
Reaching that milestone goal of getting through a speech truly changed me. At almost forty, I learned that passion can set off a flame in my heart to do things I never dreamed possible. The darkness that led to my speech is sure to lead to new opportunities and adventures.
4. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “nemesis” in Para. 1?
A. Advantage. B. Annoyance. C. Preference. D. Confusion.
5. How did the author behave about public speaking after leaving Toastmasters?
A. He began to feel less worried. B. He became a polished speaker.
C. He remained a shy speaker. D. Things became worse for him.
6. What made the author want to speak out on Earth Day?
A. It was a good chance to learn science.
B. He must rise up to defend his profession.
C. It was a project organized by Toastmasters.
D. He couldn’t have people attacking science.
7. What lesson did the author draw from his successful speech?
A. Passion can motive us to achieve the unachievable.
B. Any difficulty can be overcome with great effort.
C. Science can lead us to make wonderful changes.
D. Frustration can be stepping stones to success.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者一直以来害怕在公共场合发表演讲，一次偶然的机会，他决定为捍卫科学挺身而出发表演讲并从此战胜了自己。这让作者领悟到，激情能够燃起心中的火焰，让自己做到曾经不可能完成的事。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段中“During college and at my first few jobs, I would get ridiculously nervous when I had to give a presentation or lead a meeting.(在大学期间和我最初的几份工作中，当我必须做报告或主持会议时，我会感到异常紧张。)”可知，作者在大学期间和参加工作之初，都是不敢当众说话的态度，但是所以一到开会或者需要做公开演讲的时候就会紧张。由此可以推断划线词的含义是“让人恼火的事”。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“At every meeting, we were rated and forced to compete with other speakers for an award. You would think that I would walk away from these experiences as a polished speaker, but nothing seemed to work.(在每次会议上，我们都被评分，被迫与其他演讲者竞争奖项。你可能会认为我在经历这些之后会成为一名出色的演说家，但这些经历似乎都不起作用。)”可知，作者参加很多比赛，但是仍然没有成为一个娴熟的演讲者。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“It wasn't until recently, when science and scientific institutions were being attacked for unfair reasons during the pandemic, that I decided I must speak out. (直到最近，当科学和科学机构在大流行期间受到不公平的理由的攻击时，我才决定我必须发声。)”可知，因为自己所在国家的科学和科研机构受到言论攻击，这使作者要挺身而出捍卫科学。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“At almost forty, I learned that passion can set off a flame in my heart to do things I never dreamed possible. The darkness that led to my speech is sure to lead to new opportunities and adventures.(在将近四十岁的时候，我明白了激情可以点燃我心中的火焰，去做我从未梦想过的事情。导致我演讲的黑暗一定会带来新的机会和冒险。)”可知，作者意识到激情能够燃烧内心的火焰，然自己做到曾经不可能完成的事情。故选A。
C
Dogs may appear to have selective hearing when it comes to orders but research suggests they are paying attention to human chitchat.
Researchers, who arranged for headphone-wearing dogs to listen to excerpts (节录) from the novel The Little Prince, revealed their brains can tell the differences between speech and non-speech when listening to human voices, and show different responses to speech in an unfamiliar language.
The research involved 18 dogs of various ages and breeds (品种) that were trained to lie in an MRI scanner with headphones on. They were then played recordings either of humans reading excerpts from The Little Prince or those same recordings cut up into small pieces and put back together in a different order so it sounded unnatural.
The results, published in the journal Neuro Image, revealed the dogs’ brains showed a different activity pattern in the primary auditory cortex (听觉皮层) for speech compared with non-speech, with the findings similar regardless of whether the language used—Hungarian or Spanish—was familiar. Curiously, the longer the dogs’ heads were, the better their brains could distinguish speech from non-speech.
The team also found the activity pattern was stronger for non-speech. In humans, we typically see stronger response to speech.
The research also revealed familiar and unfamiliar languages gave rise to different responses in the secondary auditory cortex—but only for speech. That was important, said Andics, senior author of the study at Loránd University in Hungary, as it suggested the ability to distinguish between languages was not simply down to the speakers being different.
Instead, the team said, the differences seen between languages for speech are probably down to exposure to the familiar language and a sensitivity to language-specific regularities.
“This is also supported by the observation that older dogs show the stronger discrimination between the two languages,” said Andics.
8. What’s the function of Paragraph 1?
A. To make a comparison. B. To introduce the subject.
C. To provide the background. D. To propose a definition.
9. What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The process of the research. B. The purpose of the research.
C. The subject of the research. D. The outcome of the research.
10. On what basis did the researchers get their findings?
A. How old and what breeds the dogs are.
B. How many times the dogs read the book.
C. How dogs’ brains react to different speeches.
D. How dogs get familiar with the languages used.
11. Why could older dogs have stronger discrimination?
A. They have met more different speakers.
B. They have been exposed to stricter training.
C. They possess a better sense of commitment.
D. They share the speakers’ environment longer.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现狗狗可以识别出人的闲谈，介绍了研究对象、方法、过程和结果。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Dogs may appear to have selective hearing when it comes to orders but research suggests they are paying attention to human chitchat. (狗在听到命令时似乎有选择性听力，但研究表明它们一直在关注人类的闲聊)”结合下文对这一现象的研究推知，该段用来引出狗狗可以识别人的闲谈这一主题。故选B。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“The research involved 18 dogs of various ages and breeds (品种) that were trained to lie in an MRI scanner with headphones on. They were then played recordings either of humans reading excerpts from The Little Prince or those same recordings cut up into small pieces and put back together in a different order so it sounded unnatural. (该研究涉及18只不同年龄和品种的狗，这些狗被训练成戴着耳机躺在MRI扫描仪中，然后播放录音。要么是人们阅读《小王子》的节选，要么是那些相同的录音被分成几部分，然后以不同的顺序重新组合在一起，因此听起来不自然)”可知，本段介绍了实验的对象，实验如何分组和实施。故该段讲的是实验的过程。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“The results, published in the journal Neuro Image, revealed the dogs’ brains showed a different activity pattern in the primary auditory cortex (听觉皮层) for speech compared with non-speech, with the findings similar regardless of whether the language used—Hungarian or Spanish—was familiar. Curiously, the longer the dogs’ heads were, the better their brains could distinguish speech from non-speech. (发表在《神经图像》杂志上的研究结果显示，与非语音相比，狗的大脑在主要的听觉皮层中表现出不同的语言活动模式，无论使用的语言是匈牙利语还是西班牙语，都是相似的。奇怪的是，狗的头越长，它们的大脑就越能区分言语和非言语)”可知，本研究是通过分析狗狗大脑对不同语言的反应而得出结论的。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第七段“Instead, the team said, the differences seen between languages for speech are probably down to exposure to the familiar language and a sensitivity to language-specific regularities. (相反，研究小组说，语言之间的语音差异可能归结为熟悉的语言和对特定语言规律的敏感性)”及最后一段““This is also supported by the observation that older dogs show the stronger discrimination between the two languages,” said Andics. (Andics说：“这也得到了观察的支持，即老年狗在两种语言之间表现出更强的辨别力。”)”可知，狗能区分语言之间的不同是由于狗接触熟悉的语言以及对特定语言常规模式的敏感。这是因为年纪大的狗狗对某种语言更加熟悉敏感。由此推知，和说话者共处同一环境的时间更长让年纪大的狗狗有更强的分辨能力。故选D。
D
Society tells us we should socialise to the fullest, and that those who are surrounded by people are the most successful and the happiest. These days, we’re almost always connected, whether in person or through our phone screens and online social networks. But there’s something to be said for solitude(独处), “Being alone doesn’t necessarily mean being lonely”. In fact, spending time by yourself is an essential element of self-care.
Around the globe, different cultures have wide-ranging perspectives on what it means to spend time alone. If you live or have spent time in the United States, you’re probably aware that Americans tend to reject solitude. For many younger people, weekends are packed with social activities, ranging from brunch with friends to dinner parties to game nights to drinking at bars and everything in between.
The United States isn’t the only place where you’ll find a heavy emphasis on social time. Across the Atlantic, the United Kingdom is known for being an extremely extroverted(外向型的)country. A survey of Brits found that more than half had never done and would be unwilling to do activities like going to theme parks or seeing live music alone. Most Brits spend almost twice as much of their leisure time socialising with others as they do being alone.
The home can be a place of rest, relaxation and recharge—that is, if you live by yourself or have the space to be alone in your home. The country in which people are least likely to live alone is India, at about 4 percent of the population. China is also quite fond of multiple-person households, with only about 10 percent of people living by themselves. In more collectivist cultures like these, many aspects of life are related to community. Thus, spending time alone isn’t as ingrained(根深蒂固的)as a social convention in places like these, and the good of the group takes priority over the needs of one person.
12. What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A. People can benefit more from solitude.
B. People tend to socialise more nowadays.
C. Being alone generally equals being lonely.
D. Being alone enables people to be carefree.
13. Which of the following best describes young Americans?
A. Imaginative and wild. B. Responsible and energetic.
C Optimistic and dutiful. D. Outgoing and sociable.
14. Why are most Chinese people more likely to live together?
A. Because they share a specific culture.
B. Because they lack some local customs.
C. Because they possess enough home space.
D. Because they give priority to their own needs.
15. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. The Essence of Self-care B. Enjoy Solitude, Enjoy Yourself
C. The Functions of Different Cultures D. The Perspectives on Solitude
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了不同文化对独处的不同看法。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Society tells us we should socialise to the fullest, and that those who are surrounded by people are the most successful and the happiest. These days, we’re almost always connected, whether in person or through our phone screens and online social networks.(社会告诉我们，我们应该充分地社交，那些被人包围的人是最成功和最快乐的。如今，我们几乎总是联系在一起，无论是面对面，还是通过手机屏幕和在线社交网络。)”可知，如今我们几乎总是联系在一起，无论是面对面还是通过手机屏幕和社交网络；由此可推知，如今的人们更倾向于社交。故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“If you live or have spent time in the United States, you’re probably aware that Americans tend to reject solitude. For many younger people, weekends are packed with social activities, ranging from brunch with friends to dinner parties to game nights to drinking at bars and everything in between.(如果你住在美国或曾在美国生活过一段时间，你可能会意识到美国人倾向于拒绝独处。对许多年轻人来说，周末充满了社交活动，从和朋友吃早午餐到晚宴，从游戏之夜到酒吧喝酒，以及介于这两者之间的一切。)”可知，美国的年轻人周末充满了社交活动。由此可推知，美国的年轻人都比较好社交。故选D项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“China is also quite fond of multiple-person households, with only about 10 percent of people living by themselves. In more collectivist cultures like these, many aspects of life are related to around community.(中国也很喜欢多口之家，只有大约10%人独自生活。在这些更集体主义的文化中，生活的许多方面都与周围的社区有关。)”可知，大多数中国人更喜欢住在一起的原因是中国这种集体主义文化。故选A项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段首句“Around the globe, different cultures have wide-ranging perspectives on what it means to spend time alone.(在世界各地，不同的文化对独处的意义有着不同的看法。)”可知不同的文化对独处有着不同的看法；文章第二、三、四段分别谈到了美国、英国、印度和中国等国家的人对独处的看法。由此可知，本文主要谈到了不同国家对独处的看法。D项“The Perspectives on Solitude(对独处的看法)”最能概括本文内容。故选D项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Procrastination(拖延)makes people live under constant stress. Making changes will lead to positive results, like relieving stress and increasing the quality of work, family time and joy. But how to? ___16___
◆Acknowledge the need to change.
If you’re a master procrastinator, stop making excuses and acknowledge the reasons why procrastination is bad. ___17___
◆Identify and understand your feelings.
You may feel fearful about the size of a task, proud of your productivity, and anxious about your time. ___18___ However, could you break a huge project up into manageable tasks? You might need to say “no” more often to give the proper time and attention to the more important things. You can also set a time limit on your break, maybe 15 to 20 minutes.
◆ ___19___
If you find yourself with some free time and you need to convince yourself to start working on a difficult task, follow the five-minute rule. Force yourself to work on a task for just five minutes, with the understanding that you can quit after five minutes if you like. This simple mental trick is usually just to get you started. And it will often turn into much more than five minutes.
◆Work on stuff earlier.
___20___ But remember: Just because you start working on something doesn’t mean you have to finish.
By starting, you get the juices flowing, allowing you to get more done than you anticipated. Additionally, you increase the quality of your work because every time you revise your thing, it gets better.
So, remember: Fighting procrastination is a life-long battle, but it’s a winnable one.
A. Use the five-minute rule.
B. These emotions are quite natural.
C. You might think of the possible results.
D. Here are some ways to beat procrastination.
E. Pay special attention to the quality of your work.
F. Otherwise, you won’t be convinced there’s a need to change.
G. For master procrastinators, the idea of working too early on a task is stupid.
【答案】16. D 17. F 18. B 19. A 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。拖延症使人们生活在持续压力之下，文章主要介绍了如何打败拖延症的方法。
【16题详解】
上文“Procrastination(拖延)makes people live under constant stress. Making changes will lead to positive results, like relieving stress and increasing the quality of work, family time and joy. But how to?(拖延症使人们生活在持续的压力之下。做出改变会带来积极的结果，比如减轻压力、提高工作质量、家庭时间和快乐。但是怎么做呢?)”提到了拖延症使人们生活在持续的压力之下，做出改变会带来积极的结果，并提出“该怎么做”这一问题；下文直接列出几项打败拖延症的方法。由此可知，设空处需填一个过渡句，承上启下。D项“Here are some ways to beat procrastination.(这里有一些击败拖延症的方法。)”与上下文对应。故选D项。
【17题详解】
根据小标题“Acknowledge the need to change.(承认改变的必要。)”可知，本段主题与改变相关；上文“If you’re a master procrastinator, stop making excuses and acknowledge the reasons why procrastination is bad.(如果你是一个拖延大师，停止找借口，承认拖延不好的原因。)”提到了停止找借口，承认拖延是不好的；选项中只有F项“Otherwise, you won’t be convinced there’s a need to change.(否则，你不会相信有改变的必要。)” 与“改变”这一主题相关，且与上文对应。故选F项。
【18题详解】
根据小标题“Identify and understand your feelings.(认识并理解你的感受。)”可知，本段主题与感受和情绪相关；上文“You may feel fearful about the size of a task, proud of your productivity, and anxious about your time.(你可能会对任务的规模感到害怕，为自己的效率感到骄傲，为自己的时间感到焦虑。)”提到了害怕、骄傲、和焦虑等情绪；下文“However, could you break a huge project up into manageable tasks?(然而，你能把一个庞大的项目分解成可管理的任务吗?)”则转而提到把庞大的项目分解成可管理的小任务。B项“These emotions are quite natural.(这些情绪是很自然的。)”中的these emotions恰好指代上文的fearful、proud、anxious等情绪。故选B项。
【19题详解】
设空处为本段的小标题，需能概括本段主旨；下文“If you find yourself with some free time and you need to convince yourself to start working on a difficult task, follow the five-minute rule.(如果你发现自己有一些空闲时间，你需要说服自己开始做一个困难的任务，遵循五分钟规则。)”提到了如果要说服自己开始做一个困难的任务，遵循五分钟规则。由此可知，本段主要与五分钟规则相关。A项“Use the five-minute rule.(使用五分钟规则)”能概括本段主旨。故选A项。
【20题详解】
根据小标题“Work on stuff earlier.(早点做事)”可知，本段主要与work earlier相关；下文“But remember: Just because you start working on something doesn’t mean you have to finish.(但请记住：你开始做某件事并不意味着你必须完成。)”转而提到早点开始做某件事并不意味着必须完成。G项“For master procrastinators, the idea of working too early on a task is stupid.(对于拖延症大师来说，过早开始工作的想法是愚蠢的。)”既符合work early的主题，也下文对应。故选G项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Years ago, a neighbour kid kicked a football and broke a small ___21___ of our house. We were a family living on a small ___22___ at the time, so I boarded it up, thinking I’d get to it someday.
Over the years, I’d sometimes ask some advice from window companies. The plan was to upgrade to energy-efficient windows for the whole house, an ___23___ process—$ 15, 000. It was simply out of ___24___ and I turned it down again.
___25___ the thought of that window ate at me for years. Every time I went down there, it kept ___26___ me. I knew I needed to deal with it, but I had built up the ___27___ so much in my mind that I put it off again and again.
Then my wife had a job ___28___ , and we needed to move. A ___29___ buyer couldn’t get a loan on the house if there was a ___30___ window. So I pulled off the boards to face this thing. It had already been for at least 5 years.
I used some rust remover(除锈剂), sprayed all around the rusted frame, and gave it a ___31___ pull. To my ___32___ , it easily moved. I pulled the window out and took it downtown. It was a 12 fix.
I could have fixed the problem for 12 the ___33___ day when it happened. But I let it worry me for years.
___34___ , this isn’t just about my window. Many of us tend to live with broken windows of one type or another for years. We suffer more in ___35___ than in reality. Step forward, and you’ll find a solution.
21. A. roof B. window C. door D. curtain
22. A. salary B. fame C. passion D. chance
23. A. accessible B. official C. expensive D. energetic
24. A. order B. balance C. breath D. reach
25. A. Therefore B. Besides C. However D. Instead
26. A. replying B. troubling C. driving D. reporting
27. A. difficulty B. confidence C. joy D. harm
28. A. change B. interest C. habit D. journey
29. A. polite B. weak C. weird D. potential
30. A. defeated B. fitted C. broken D. cured
31. A. lazy B. strong C. familiar D. strange
32. A. disappointment B. embarrassment C. astonishment D. encouragement
33. A. same B. different C. early D. new
34. A. Frequently B. Actually C. Consequently D. Unexpectedly
35. A. experiment B. discussion C. reaction D. imagination
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者家的窗户被打破后，他没有及时修理，被这个问题困扰了多年。多年后却发现原来只需要12美元就可以解决这个问题，借此告诉人们遭遇困难和麻烦时，与其被想象中的困难打倒，不妨试试实践起来，或许就能得到一个解决办法。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几年前，一个邻居家的小孩踢球打坏了我家的一扇小窗户。A.roof房顶；B. window窗户；C. door门；D. curtain窗帘。根据后文中的“Over the years, I’d sometimes ask some advice from window companies.”可知，此处被打破的是“窗户”。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们全家都依靠一份微薄的工资生活。A.salary薪资；B.fame名誉；C.passion热情；D.chance机会。根据该句以及后文“So I pulled off the boards.”可知作者家当时依靠一份微薄的“工资”生活，窗户被打破后，作者只好先用木板将其封住。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该计划是为整个房子升级为节能窗户，这是一个昂贵的过程，花费15000美元。A. accessible可接近的；B.official官方的；C.expensive昂贵的；D.energetic精力充沛的。根据“The plan was to upgrade to energy-efficient windows for the whole house...$15, 000.”可知，该公司提供的方案是将全屋的窗户升级为节能窗户，这对于作者来说是“昂贵的”。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这简直是遥不可及，我又拒绝了。A. order顺序；B. balance平衡；C. breath呼吸；D. reach波及范围。根据前文“an 3 process—$ 15, 000.”可知，作者由于经济原因用木板封住窗户，所以15, 000美元的花费对于作者来说“遥不可及”，out of reach表“遥不可及”，符合句意。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，多年来，一想到那扇窗户，我就心烦意乱。A.Therefore因此；B.Besides而且；C.However然而；D.Instead反而。由后文“ate at me for years”可知，作者因为价格拒绝了窗户修理的方案，“然而”却被窗户的问题困扰多年。这两件事存在逻辑上的转折关系。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我去那里，它总困扰着我。A.replying回应；B.troubling困扰；C.driving驱使；D.reporting报道。根据前文“the thought of that window ate at me for years”可知，窗户问题一直“困扰着”作者。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道我需要解决它，但我已经在脑海中建立了这么多的困难，以至于我一次又一次地拖延。A.difficulty困难；B.confidence自信；C.confusion困惑；D.harm伤害。根据下文“I put it off again and again”可知，作者在脑海里觉得“困难”重重，因此一直没有修。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，我的妻子换了工作，我们需要搬家。A.change改变；B.interest兴趣；C.habit习惯；D.journey旅行。由后文“we needed to move”可知，作者妻子应是“换了”工作，所以才需要搬家。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个潜在买家说他不愿意为一个有坏窗户的房屋去申请贷款。A.polite礼貌的；B.weak虚弱的；C.weird奇怪的；D.potential潜在的。由后文“couldn’t get a loan on the house”可知，这买家还需要贷款才买，所以还没有买，是一个“潜在的”买家。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个潜在买家说他没法为一个有坏窗户的房屋去申请贷款。A.defeated失败的；B.fitted合适的；C.broken破碎的；D.cured治愈的。根据后文“I pulled off the boards to face this thing”可知，作者家的窗户仍然是“坏着的”。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我拿起一些除锈剂，涂在窗户己生锈的框架上，用力一拉。A.lazy懒惰的；B.strong强烈的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.strange奇怪的。由后文“To my 12 , it easily moved.”可知，作者原本以为很难拉下，所以应是“猛地”一拉。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊奇的是，窗户的框架很容易就被扯掉了。A.disappointment失望；B.embarrassment尴尬；C.astonishment惊讶；D.encouragement鼓励。由前文“ a 11 pull”和后文“it easily moved”可知，作者原本以为很难拉下，但却很容易就扯掉了，所以作者很“惊讶”，to one’s astonishment表“使某人惊讶的是”。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我本可能在事发的当天用12美元解决这个问题。A.same相同的； B.different 不同的；C.early早； D.new新。由“ could have fixed”可知，这里在对过去的假设，说原本“当天”就可以修好，the same day表“当天”。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：实际上，这不仅仅是窗户的问题。A.Frequently频繁地；B.Actually实际上地；C.Consequently因此；D.Unexpectedly出乎预料地。根据下句“Many of us tend to live with broken windows of one type or another.”可知，“实际上”，这不仅仅是一个窗户的问题。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在想象中受到苦要比现实中的多。A.experiment实验；B.discussion讨论；C.reaction反应；D.imagination想象。根据上文语境可知，作者一开始由于经济原因不修理破窗，后来更是总想着修窗的困难，因此一直没有修，五年后才发现12美元就可以解决问题，结合下文“than in reality”可知，这里是将“想象中”受到的苦和现实中的苦进行比较。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Emerging evidence in humans suggests the Western high-fat and high-sugar junk food diet can quickly ___36___ (weak) your brain’s appetite control.
After ___37___ (offer) a week-long binge (大吃大喝) of waffles, milkshakes and similarly rich foods, the volunteers who used to be healthy scored ___38___ (bad)on memory tests and experienced a greater desire to eat junk food, even when they were already full.
The findings suggest something is special in the hippocampus (海马体)— a region of the brain ___39___ supports memory and helps to adjust appetite. When we are full, the hippocampus is thought to reduce our memories of delicious food, thereby ___40___ (reduce) our appetite. When it’s interrupted, ___41___ control can be seriously damaged. Over the years, extensive research on ___42___ (mouse) has found the function of the hippocampus is very ___43___ (sense) to junk food, but recently scientists can observe this only in young and healthy humans.
In 2017, after a week of Western-style breakfasts of waffles and milkshakes, researchers found participants performed poor on learning and memory tests which are ___44___ (typical) dependent on the hippocampus.
Now, in this latest study the scientists of the team have found that not only do such high-fat and high-sugar diets impair memory in humans, ___45___ they appear to directly affect our ability to control our appetite.
【答案】36. weaken
37. being offered
38. worse 39. which##that
40. reducing
41. the 42. mice
43. sensitive
44. typically
45. but
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出研究发现高脂肪、高糖的饮食不仅会损害人类的记忆力，而且似乎会直接影响我们控制食欲的能力。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：人类的新证据表明，西方高脂肪、高糖垃圾食品的饮食会迅速削弱大脑对食欲的控制。分析句子可知，suggests后面是一个省略了that的宾语从句，此处应填动词原形与前文can一起在从句中作谓语动词。故填weaken。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在被提供一周的华夫饼、奶昔和类似的高热量的食物后，那些过去健康的志愿者们在记忆测试中得分更差，即使已经吃饱了，他们也更渴望吃垃圾食品。after在本句中作介词，后面跟动名词作宾语，表示“被提供”，应用动名词的被动形式。故填being offered。
【38题详解】
考查副词比较级。句意：在被提供一周的华夫饼、奶昔和类似的高热量的食物后，那些过去健康的志愿者们在记忆测试中得分更差，即使已经吃饱了，他们也更渴望吃垃圾食品。根据句意可知，志愿者在试验后的记忆测试中得分比试验前更差，所以用比较级worse。故填worse。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：研究结果表明，海马体是大脑里的一个区域，里面中有一种特殊的物质支持记忆帮助调节食欲。分析句子结构可知，a region of the brain是hippocampus的同位语，主句的谓语是suggest，定语从句的谓语是supports，先行词是hippocampus，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that。故填which或that。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们认为当我们吃饱时，海马体可以减少我们对美食的记忆，从而降低我们的食欲。分析句子结构可知，主句谓语是is thought，此处应用非谓语动词，reduce与逻辑主语hippocampus是主谓关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填reducing。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：如果中断，这种控制可能会严重受损。分析句子可知，此处control是名词，作句子的主语，特指第一段提到的appetite control，应用定冠词。故填the。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：多年来，对老鼠的广泛研究发现，海马体的功能对垃圾食品非常敏感，但科学家最近仅在年轻和健康的人类中观察到这种情况。mouse前无限定词，老鼠不止一只，应用复数形式，表泛指，与介词on 连用，作research的后置定语。故填mice。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：多年来，对老鼠的广泛研究发现，海马体的功能对垃圾食品非常敏感，但科学家最近仅在年轻和健康的人类中观察到这种情况。此处用形容词作系动词后的表语，且be sensitive to为固定搭配，意为“对……敏感”。故填sensitive。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：2017年，在吃了一周的华夫饼和奶昔的西式早餐后，研究人员发现参与者在学习和记忆测试中表现较差，而学习和记忆测试通常依赖于海马体。此处修饰形容词dependent，应用副词typically。故填typically。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：现在，在这项最新的研究中，该团队的科学家们发现，这种高脂肪、高糖的饮食不仅会损害人类的记忆力，而且似乎会直接影响我们控制食欲的能力。not only. . . but (also)…为固定搭配，意为“不但……而且……”。故填but。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 假设你是李华，你市的科技馆将在本周末举办“中国之太空探索”图片展，你知道你校的外教Carl是一位太空迷。请你给他写一封邮件，邀请他前往观看。
内容：
1. 写信目的；
2. 时间与地点；
3. 中国的成就以及图片展的目的或意义。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Carl,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Carl,
Knowing that you are keen on the space, I can’t wait to inform you that there will be a photo exhibition whose theme is about China’s space exploration. I’d like to invite you to visit it.
The photo exhibition will take place in the Science and Technology Museum at 9 am this weekend. According to the introduction by the museum, to enable the general public to know more about China’s space exploration, the exhibition will show what progress China has made and how China has struggled to explore the space during the decades despite lots of difficulty.
Surely, it is a good opportunity to know more about the space, and I believe that you will be interested in it. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于邀请信。要求考生以李华的身份，给你校的外教Carl写一封电子邮件，邀请他前往你市的科技馆观看将在本周末举办“中国之太空探索”图片展。
【详解】1.词汇积累
渴望：be keen on→be thirst for
进步：progress→advance
尽管：despite→in spite of
当然：surely→certainly
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Knowing that you are keen on the space, I can’t wait to inform you that there will be a photo exhibition whose theme is about China’s space exploration.
拓展句：Because I know that you are keen on the space, I can’t wait to inform you that there will be a photo exhibition whose theme is about China’s space exploration.
【点睛】【高分句型1】According to the introduction by the museum, to enable the general public to know more about China’s space exploration, the exhibition will show what progress China has made and how China has struggled to explore the space during the decades despite lots of difficulty. (运用what和how引导宾语从句)
【高分句型2】Surely, it is a good opportunity to know more about the space, and I believe that you will be interested in it. (运用it作形式主语，that引导宾语从句)
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Debbie, a 10-year-old boy, was living in North River Heights in upper Manhattan, New York. He had a rare medical facial deformity(畸形). Due to several surgeries, Debbie had been home-schooled by his mother, but as Debbie was approaching the fifth grade, his mother decided to send him to Beecher Prep, a mainstream private school.
In order to protect his face skin, Debbie had to apply ointment (药膏)to his face, which made him look like wearing a special face mask.
At the beginning of the schooldays, he was rejected by nearly the entire student body for his strange look, which was a difficult period for him. Luckily, a girl named Summer, who offered to sit with him on his first day of school, helped him get through the tough time. They often played together and chatted about their favourite subject—science. And they became good friends.
Gradually, Debbie’s outstanding learning ability and kind behaviour made him popular among students. Since Debbie was expert in science, his classmates would turn to him whenever they had problems in learning. Debbie was always more than willing to help them. Naturally his kindness and warm heart won him a group of good friends and Debbie’s classmates got used to the way his face looked as well.
On Halloween, Debbie’s school held varieties of festival activities, every classroom decorated with flowers and toys. All classmates were dressing up. Debbie joined in it and wore a Ghost Face mask and costume. They all had fun pretending to be their favorite characters. Unrecognized, he was walking through the door to his classroom when he overheard his classmate Jack telling his roommates: “I have never seen an uglier face than Debbie’s.” On hearing this, Debbie felt sad and disappointed, leaving secretly. Summer happened to stand behind Debbie and meet the incident, but it was too late to stop it. As Debbie’s best friend at school, Summer thought Debbie was a nice boy and deserved to be treated kindly.
After a second thought, Summer went to Jack’s room.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jack decided to say sorry to Debbie.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
After a second thought, Summer went to Jack’s room. Summer angrily said to Jack that his behavior was too rude and caused serious harm to Debbie. Jack said Debbie’s face was really ugly and he didn’t lie. Summer said “Although Debbie looked different from us, he was a very excellent boy. In addition, he was not only very good at the science subject, but also eager to help everyone solve problems. We should not judge people by their appearance.” After hearing summer’s words, Jack realized that his behavior was wrong.
Jack decided to say sorry to Debbie. Jack came to Debbie and sincerely apologized to Debbie for his wrong behavior. Debbie accepted Jack’s apology. At that time, other students in the class also came. They expressed their willingness to be good friends with Debbie and hoped that Debbie would agree to their request. Debbie nodded happily. Finally, everyone laughed happily.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，主要讲述了一个先天患有面部畸形的男孩子在校园内发生的故事。在刚进入校园时，Debbie因为面部问题没有人愿意和他做朋友，除了一个叫Summer的女孩子。因为Debbie擅长科学科目且乐于帮助同学解决问题，渐渐地，Debbie融入了班级大家庭。但万圣节前夕夜晚发生了一件不愉快的事情，经过此事之后，Debbie与同学们真正地成为了好朋友。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“经过再三考虑，Summer去了Jack的房间。”可知，第一段描述Summer为了好朋友Debbie去跟Jack理论，指出Jack行为的不当之处并让Jack向Debbie道歉。
②由第二段首句内容“Jack决定向Debbie道歉。”可知，第二段描述Jack为自己的错误行为向Debbie道歉并祈求他的原谅。最后，经过此次事情，同学们都成长了许多，成为了真正地好朋友。
2.续写线索：反驳——争论——醒悟——道歉——原谅——和好
3.词汇激活：
行为类
①撒谎： tell a lie/lie/ make up a story
②与……不同：be different from/differ from
③解决：solve/resolve/deal with/settle
情绪类
①真诚地：sincerely/in good faith
②开心地：happily/delightedly
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Jack said Debbie’s face was really ugly and he didn’t lie. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2]. Although Debbie looked different from us, he was a very excellent boy. (使用了although引导的让步状语从句)
听力答案：1~5 BCBBA 6-10 AACCB 11~15 CBBAA 16-20 ABCAC
英语
(满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟)
注意事项：
1. 答题时，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。
2. 答选择题时，必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应題目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
3. 答非选择题时，必须使用黑色墨水笔或黑色签字笔，将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上，写在试题卷、草稿纸上无效。
4. 考试结束后，将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is Jane going to do?
A. Buy some books. B. Study in the library. C. Do a part-time job.
2. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?
A. Travel. B. Housework. C. Weather.
3. When will Tina leave for the airport?
A. At 2: 00 pm. B. At 3: 30 pm. C. At 6: 30 pm.
4. How will the speakers go to the exhibition?
A. By bicycle. B. By subway. C. By car.
5. What is the man’s attitude towards the news?
A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Unconcerned.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What might the relationship between the two speakers be?
A. Colleagues. B. Classmates. C. Teacher and student.
7. What did the woman do last night?
A. She did some research. B. She met a client. C. She typed a report.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What’s wrong with the man?
A. He has a headache. B. He has a bad cold. C. He has a low fever.
9. What time will the man see Dr. Carter?
A. At 4: 00 pm, Wednesday. B. At 8: 00 am, Tuesday. C. At 8: 15 am, Thursday.
10. Who is probably the woman?
A. Dr. Carter. B. Dr. Carter’s secretary. C. Dr. Carter’s patient.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What does the man advise the woman to add to the letter?
A. Her photo. B. Her hobbies. C. Her driving license.
12. What language is the woman least fluent in?
A. Chinese. B. French. C. Japanese.
13. What does the woman think of her typing skills?
A. Useful. B. Poor. C. Basic.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Where might the two speakers be?
A. In a lift. B. At a clinic. C. At a restaurant.
15. How does the woman react to the emergency?
A. She complains. B. She bursts into tears. C. She keeps making telephones.
16. Why is the man so calm?
A. He thinks it’s useless to worry. B. He knows how to solve the problem.
C. He has been in the same situation before.
17. What does the man ask the woman to do?
A. Cancel her appointment. B. Introduce herself. C. Ring the alarm.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. In which country is it proper to make a noise while drinking?
A. Mexico. B. Britain. C. Japan.
19. What is considered rude in the Arab countries?
A. Eating with your left hand. B. Lifting the bowl to your mouth.
C. Keeping your hands on the table.
20. What advice does the speaker give on different manners?
A. Doing as you do at home. B. Visiting different countries. C. Following the native people.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Many summer camps have had to cancel their programming due to COVID-19. So we have found a great selection of virtual summer camps for your children.
Happy Camper Live
Ages: 5~18
Cost: $ 499 a month
What is special about Happy Camper Live is that there are hundreds of camp adventures and experiences to choose from to offer your children unique camp experience. Children can make fun with a world-class athlete, play volleyball with a national high school champion and learn a new art, craft or musical instrument.
Smart Robots Virtual Camp
Ages: 7~11
Cost: $ 179 for two weeks
Campers will receive a smart coding robot of choice and learning materials and apps to get them started in this camp. This camp is of much social experience. At the end of camp, each child will be certificated as a “junior coder”, have made penfriends for life and have new skills and knowledge to bring into their classrooms in the fall.
Written Out Loud
Ages: 8~17
Cost: 250 per week
The storytelling school Written Out Loud has transformed its program to a virtual storytelling workshop. Founded in 2018 by a Hollywood film-maker, Written Out Loud offers classes for children aged 8 to 17 that combine a range of disciplines such as creative writing, film-making and even improving comedy.
Got Game Summer Academy
Ages: 4~12
Cost: $ 195 for two weeks
With a focus on reading, writing and math, Got Game will help your children stay academically on track while still having fun in an energised virtual learning environment. Children will receive personalised attention from teachers while also participating in games that centre around communication on group projects and building individual skills.
1. Where can campers amuse themselves with a world-class athlete?
A. In Happy Camper Live. B. In Written Out Loud.
C. In Smart Robots Virtual Camp. D. In Got Game Summer Academy.
2. What’s special about Smart Robots Virtual Camp?
A. It is an experienced camp.
B. It focuses on improving musical skills.
C. It’s the most expensive of the four camps.
D. It offers a large number of different activities
3. What do Written Out Loud and Got Game Summer Academy have in common?
A. They are suitable for children under 8.
B. They teach children how to make films.
C. They improve children’s writing skills.
D. They enable children to learn while playing games.
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个在新冠疫情期间适合学生参加的虚拟夏令营。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Happy Camper Live的“Children can make fun with a world-class athlete, play volleyball with a national high school champion and learn a new art, craft or musical instrument.(孩子们可以和世界级运动员一起玩耍，和全国高中冠军一起打排球，学习新的艺术、工艺或乐器。)”可知，在Happy Camper Live中，孩子们可以和世界级运动员一起玩耍。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Smart Robots Virtual Camp中的“This camp is of much social experience.(这个营地有很多社会经验。)”可知，该夏令营经验丰富。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Written Out Loud的“Founded in 2018 by a Hollywood film-maker, Witten Out Loud offers classes for children aged 8 to 17 that combine a range of disciplines such as creative writing, film-making and even improving comedy. (Witten Out Loud由一名好莱坞电影制作人于2018年创立，为8至17岁的儿童提供课程，结合了创意写作、电影制作甚至提高喜剧水平等一系列学科。)”中的disciplines such as creative writing，以及Got Game Summer Academy的“With a focus on reading, writing and math, Got Game will help your children stay academically on track while still having fun in an energized virtual learning environment.(专注于阅读，写作和数学，Got Game将帮助您的孩子在一个充满活力的虚拟学习环境中保持学业上的正轨)”中的With a focus on reading, writing and math可知，这两个夏令营都能提高孩子的写作能力。故选C项。
B
My hands were shaking uncontrollably. I tried incredibly hard to focus on the words that I spent hours putting down on paper. I tried to conquer my fear of speaking in public on numerous occasions throughout my life. During college and at my first few jobs, I would get ridiculously nervous when I had to give a presentation or lead a meeting. Public speaking had been my nemesis for as long as I could remember.
Then in my mid-thirties, I decided to join the public speaking group Toastmasters. At every meeting, we were rated and forced to compete with other speakers for an award. You would think that I would walk away from these experiences as a polished speaker, but nothing seemed to work.
It wasn’t until recently, when science and scientific institutions were being attacked for unfair reasons during the pandemic, that I decided I must speak out. Science has made this country a place where dreams come true — this is why we all need to protect science. In addition, as a science writer, I try to get readers to understand how science is related to their daily lives.
So I ended up on that frightening stage on that sunny Saturday in April — Earth Day. Despite the body shakes and fear, I persevered. That day, I looked out into the crowd of like-minded science supporters and I felt comfort.
Reaching that milestone goal of getting through a speech truly changed me. At almost forty, I learned that passion can set off a flame in my heart to do things I never dreamed possible. The darkness that led to my speech is sure to lead to new opportunities and adventures.
4. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “nemesis” in Para. 1?
A. Advantage. B. Annoyance. C. Preference. D. Confusion.
5. How did the author behave about public speaking after leaving Toastmasters?
A. He began to feel less worried. B. He became a polished speaker.
C. He remained a shy speaker. D. Things became worse for him.
6. What made the author want to speak out on Earth Day?
A. It was a good chance to learn science.
B. He must rise up to defend his profession.
C. It was a project organized by Toastmasters.
D. He couldn’t have people attacking science.
7. What lesson did the author draw from his successful speech?
A. Passion can motive us to achieve the unachievable.
B. Any difficulty can be overcome with great effort.
C. Science can lead us to make wonderful changes.
D. Frustration can be stepping stones to success.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者一直以来害怕在公共场合发表演讲，一次偶然的机会，他决定为捍卫科学挺身而出发表演讲并从此战胜了自己。这让作者领悟到，激情能够燃起心中的火焰，让自己做到曾经不可能完成的事。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段中“During college and at my first few jobs, I would get ridiculously nervous when I had to give a presentation or lead a meeting.(在大学期间和我最初的几份工作中，当我必须做报告或主持会议时，我会感到异常紧张。)”可知，作者在大学期间和参加工作之初，都是不敢当众说话的态度，但是所以一到开会或者需要做公开演讲的时候就会紧张。由此可以推断划线词的含义是“让人恼火的事”。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“At every meeting, we were rated and forced to compete with other speakers for an award. You would think that I would walk away from these experiences as a polished speaker, but nothing seemed to work.(在每次会议上，我们都被评分，被迫与其他演讲者竞争奖项。你可能会认为我在经历这些之后会成为一名出色的演说家，但这些经历似乎都不起作用。)”可知，作者参加很多比赛，但是仍然没有成为一个娴熟的演讲者。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“It wasn't until recently, when science and scientific institutions were being attacked for unfair reasons during the pandemic, that I decided I must speak out. (直到最近，当科学和科学机构在大流行期间受到不公平的理由的攻击时，我才决定我必须发声。)”可知，因为自己所在国家的科学和科研机构受到言论攻击，这使作者要挺身而出捍卫科学。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“At almost forty, I learned that passion can set off a flame in my heart to do things I never dreamed possible. The darkness that led to my speech is sure to lead to new opportunities and adventures.(在将近四十岁的时候，我明白了激情可以点燃我心中的火焰，去做我从未梦想过的事情。导致我演讲的黑暗一定会带来新的机会和冒险。)”可知，作者意识到激情能够燃烧内心的火焰，然自己做到曾经不可能完成的事情。故选A。
C
Dogs may appear to have selective hearing when it comes to orders but research suggests they are paying attention to human chitchat.
Researchers, who arranged for headphone-wearing dogs to listen to excerpts (节录) from the novel The Little Prince, revealed their brains can tell the differences between speech and non-speech when listening to human voices, and show different responses to speech in an unfamiliar language.
The research involved 18 dogs of various ages and breeds (品种) that were trained to lie in an MRI scanner with headphones on. They were then played recordings either of humans reading excerpts from The Little Prince or those same recordings cut up into small pieces and put back together in a different order so it sounded unnatural.
The results, published in the journal Neuro Image, revealed the dogs’ brains showed a different activity pattern in the primary auditory cortex (听觉皮层) for speech compared with non-speech, with the findings similar regardless of whether the language used—Hungarian or Spanish—was familiar. Curiously, the longer the dogs’ heads were, the better their brains could distinguish speech from non-speech.
The team also found the activity pattern was stronger for non-speech. In humans, we typically see stronger response to speech.
The research also revealed familiar and unfamiliar languages gave rise to different responses in the secondary auditory cortex—but only for speech. That was important, said Andics, senior author of the study at Loránd University in Hungary, as it suggested the ability to distinguish between languages was not simply down to the speakers being different.
Instead, the team said, the differences seen between languages for speech are probably down to exposure to the familiar language and a sensitivity to language-specific regularities.
“This is also supported by the observation that older dogs show the stronger discrimination between the two languages,” said Andics.
8. What’s the function of Paragraph 1?
A. To make a comparison. B. To introduce the subject.
C. To provide the background. D. To propose a definition.
9. What’s Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The process of the research. B. The purpose of the research.
C. The subject of the research. D. The outcome of the research.
10. On what basis did the researchers get their findings?
A. How old and what breeds the dogs are.
B. How many times the dogs read the book.
C. How dogs’ brains react to different speeches.
D. How dogs get familiar with the languages used.
11. Why could older dogs have stronger discrimination?
A. They have met more different speakers.
B. They have been exposed to stricter training.
C. They possess a better sense of commitment.
D. They share the speakers’ environment longer.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现狗狗可以识别出人的闲谈，介绍了研究对象、方法、过程和结果。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Dogs may appear to have selective hearing when it comes to orders but research suggests they are paying attention to human chitchat. (狗在听到命令时似乎有选择性听力，但研究表明它们一直在关注人类的闲聊)”结合下文对这一现象的研究推知，该段用来引出狗狗可以识别人的闲谈这一主题。故选B。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“The research involved 18 dogs of various ages and breeds (品种) that were trained to lie in an MRI scanner with headphones on. They were then played recordings either of humans reading excerpts from The Little Prince or those same recordings cut up into small pieces and put back together in a different order so it sounded unnatural. (该研究涉及18只不同年龄和品种的狗，这些狗被训练成戴着耳机躺在MRI扫描仪中，然后播放录音。要么是人们阅读《小王子》的节选，要么是那些相同的录音被分成几部分，然后以不同的顺序重新组合在一起，因此听起来不自然)”可知，本段介绍了实验的对象，实验如何分组和实施。故该段讲的是实验的过程。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“The results, published in the journal Neuro Image, revealed the dogs’ brains showed a different activity pattern in the primary auditory cortex (听觉皮层) for speech compared with non-speech, with the findings similar regardless of whether the language used—Hungarian or Spanish—was familiar. Curiously, the longer the dogs’ heads were, the better their brains could distinguish speech from non-speech. (发表在《神经图像》杂志上的研究结果显示，与非语音相比，狗的大脑在主要的听觉皮层中表现出不同的语言活动模式，无论使用的语言是匈牙利语还是西班牙语，都是相似的。奇怪的是，狗的头越长，它们的大脑就越能区分言语和非言语)”可知，本研究是通过分析狗狗大脑对不同语言的反应而得出结论的。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第七段“Instead, the team said, the differences seen between languages for speech are probably down to exposure to the familiar language and a sensitivity to language-specific regularities. (相反，研究小组说，语言之间的语音差异可能归结为熟悉的语言和对特定语言规律的敏感性)”及最后一段““This is also supported by the observation that older dogs show the stronger discrimination between the two languages,” said Andics. (Andics说：“这也得到了观察的支持，即老年狗在两种语言之间表现出更强的辨别力。”)”可知，狗能区分语言之间的不同是由于狗接触熟悉的语言以及对特定语言常规模式的敏感。这是因为年纪大的狗狗对某种语言更加熟悉敏感。由此推知，和说话者共处同一环境的时间更长让年纪大的狗狗有更强的分辨能力。故选D。
D
Society tells us we should socialise to the fullest, and that those who are surrounded by people are the most successful and the happiest. These days, we’re almost always connected, whether in person or through our phone screens and online social networks. But there’s something to be said for solitude(独处), “Being alone doesn’t necessarily mean being lonely”. In fact, spending time by yourself is an essential element of self-care.
Around the globe, different cultures have wide-ranging perspectives on what it means to spend time alone. If you live or have spent time in the United States, you’re probably aware that Americans tend to reject solitude. For many younger people, weekends are packed with social activities, ranging from brunch with friends to dinner parties to game nights to drinking at bars and everything in between.
The United States isn’t the only place where you’ll find a heavy emphasis on social time. Across the Atlantic, the United Kingdom is known for being an extremely extroverted(外向型的)country. A survey of Brits found that more than half had never done and would be unwilling to do activities like going to theme parks or seeing live music alone. Most Brits spend almost twice as much of their leisure time socialising with others as they do being alone.
The home can be a place of rest, relaxation and recharge—that is, if you live by yourself or have the space to be alone in your home. The country in which people are least likely to live alone is India, at about 4 percent of the population. China is also quite fond of multiple-person households, with only about 10 percent of people living by themselves. In more collectivist cultures like these, many aspects of life are related to community. Thus, spending time alone isn’t as ingrained(根深蒂固的)as a social convention in places like these, and the good of the group takes priority over the needs of one person.
12. What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A. People can benefit more from solitude.
B. People tend to socialise more nowadays.
C. Being alone generally equals being lonely.
D. Being alone enables people to be carefree.
13. Which of the following best describes young Americans?
A. Imaginative and wild. B. Responsible and energetic.
C Optimistic and dutiful. D. Outgoing and sociable.
14. Why are most Chinese people more likely to live together?
A. Because they share a specific culture.
B. Because they lack some local customs.
C. Because they possess enough home space.
D. Because they give priority to their own needs.
15. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. The Essence of Self-care B. Enjoy Solitude, Enjoy Yourself
C. The Functions of Different Cultures D. The Perspectives on Solitude
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了不同文化对独处的不同看法。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Society tells us we should socialise to the fullest, and that those who are surrounded by people are the most successful and the happiest. These days, we’re almost always connected, whether in person or through our phone screens and online social networks.(社会告诉我们，我们应该充分地社交，那些被人包围的人是最成功和最快乐的。如今，我们几乎总是联系在一起，无论是面对面，还是通过手机屏幕和在线社交网络。)”可知，如今我们几乎总是联系在一起，无论是面对面还是通过手机屏幕和社交网络；由此可推知，如今的人们更倾向于社交。故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“If you live or have spent time in the United States, you’re probably aware that Americans tend to reject solitude. For many younger people, weekends are packed with social activities, ranging from brunch with friends to dinner parties to game nights to drinking at bars and everything in between.(如果你住在美国或曾在美国生活过一段时间，你可能会意识到美国人倾向于拒绝独处。对许多年轻人来说，周末充满了社交活动，从和朋友吃早午餐到晚宴，从游戏之夜到酒吧喝酒，以及介于这两者之间的一切。)”可知，美国的年轻人周末充满了社交活动。由此可推知，美国的年轻人都比较好社交。故选D项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“China is also quite fond of multiple-person households, with only about 10 percent of people living by themselves. In more collectivist cultures like these, many aspects of life are related to around community.(中国也很喜欢多口之家，只有大约10%人独自生活。在这些更集体主义的文化中，生活的许多方面都与周围的社区有关。)”可知，大多数中国人更喜欢住在一起的原因是中国这种集体主义文化。故选A项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段首句“Around the globe, different cultures have wide-ranging perspectives on what it means to spend time alone.(在世界各地，不同的文化对独处的意义有着不同的看法。)”可知不同的文化对独处有着不同的看法；文章第二、三、四段分别谈到了美国、英国、印度和中国等国家的人对独处的看法。由此可知，本文主要谈到了不同国家对独处的看法。D项“The Perspectives on Solitude(对独处的看法)”最能概括本文内容。故选D项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Procrastination(拖延)makes people live under constant stress. Making changes will lead to positive results, like relieving stress and increasing the quality of work, family time and joy. But how to? ___16___
◆Acknowledge the need to change.
If you’re a master procrastinator, stop making excuses and acknowledge the reasons why procrastination is bad. ___17___
◆Identify and understand your feelings.
You may feel fearful about the size of a task, proud of your productivity, and anxious about your time. ___18___ However, could you break a huge project up into manageable tasks? You might need to say “no” more often to give the proper time and attention to the more important things. You can also set a time limit on your break, maybe 15 to 20 minutes.
◆ ___19___
If you find yourself with some free time and you need to convince yourself to start working on a difficult task, follow the five-minute rule. Force yourself to work on a task for just five minutes, with the understanding that you can quit after five minutes if you like. This simple mental trick is usually just to get you started. And it will often turn into much more than five minutes.
◆Work on stuff earlier.
___20___ But remember: Just because you start working on something doesn’t mean you have to finish.
By starting, you get the juices flowing, allowing you to get more done than you anticipated. Additionally, you increase the quality of your work because every time you revise your thing, it gets better.
So, remember: Fighting procrastination is a life-long battle, but it’s a winnable one.
A. Use the five-minute rule.
B. These emotions are quite natural.
C. You might think of the possible results.
D. Here are some ways to beat procrastination.
E. Pay special attention to the quality of your work.
F. Otherwise, you won’t be convinced there’s a need to change.
G. For master procrastinators, the idea of working too early on a task is stupid.
【答案】16. D 17. F 18. B 19. A 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。拖延症使人们生活在持续压力之下，文章主要介绍了如何打败拖延症的方法。
【16题详解】
上文“Procrastination(拖延)makes people live under constant stress. Making changes will lead to positive results, like relieving stress and increasing the quality of work, family time and joy. But how to?(拖延症使人们生活在持续的压力之下。做出改变会带来积极的结果，比如减轻压力、提高工作质量、家庭时间和快乐。但是怎么做呢?)”提到了拖延症使人们生活在持续的压力之下，做出改变会带来积极的结果，并提出“该怎么做”这一问题；下文直接列出几项打败拖延症的方法。由此可知，设空处需填一个过渡句，承上启下。D项“Here are some ways to beat procrastination.(这里有一些击败拖延症的方法。)”与上下文对应。故选D项。
【17题详解】
根据小标题“Acknowledge the need to change.(承认改变的必要。)”可知，本段主题与改变相关；上文“If you’re a master procrastinator, stop making excuses and acknowledge the reasons why procrastination is bad.(如果你是一个拖延大师，停止找借口，承认拖延不好的原因。)”提到了停止找借口，承认拖延是不好的；选项中只有F项“Otherwise, you won’t be convinced there’s a need to change.(否则，你不会相信有改变的必要。)” 与“改变”这一主题相关，且与上文对应。故选F项。
【18题详解】
根据小标题“Identify and understand your feelings.(认识并理解你的感受。)”可知，本段主题与感受和情绪相关；上文“You may feel fearful about the size of a task, proud of your productivity, and anxious about your time.(你可能会对任务的规模感到害怕，为自己的效率感到骄傲，为自己的时间感到焦虑。)”提到了害怕、骄傲、和焦虑等情绪；下文“However, could you break a huge project up into manageable tasks?(然而，你能把一个庞大的项目分解成可管理的任务吗?)”则转而提到把庞大的项目分解成可管理的小任务。B项“These emotions are quite natural.(这些情绪是很自然的。)”中的these emotions恰好指代上文的fearful、proud、anxious等情绪。故选B项。
【19题详解】
设空处为本段的小标题，需能概括本段主旨；下文“If you find yourself with some free time and you need to convince yourself to start working on a difficult task, follow the five-minute rule.(如果你发现自己有一些空闲时间，你需要说服自己开始做一个困难的任务，遵循五分钟规则。)”提到了如果要说服自己开始做一个困难的任务，遵循五分钟规则。由此可知，本段主要与五分钟规则相关。A项“Use the five-minute rule.(使用五分钟规则)”能概括本段主旨。故选A项。
【20题详解】
根据小标题“Work on stuff earlier.(早点做事)”可知，本段主要与work earlier相关；下文“But remember: Just because you start working on something doesn’t mean you have to finish.(但请记住：你开始做某件事并不意味着你必须完成。)”转而提到早点开始做某件事并不意味着必须完成。G项“For master procrastinators, the idea of working too early on a task is stupid.(对于拖延症大师来说，过早开始工作的想法是愚蠢的。)”既符合work early的主题，也下文对应。故选G项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Years ago, a neighbour kid kicked a football and broke a small ___21___ of our house. We were a family living on a small ___22___ at the time, so I boarded it up, thinking I’d get to it someday.
Over the years, I’d sometimes ask some advice from window companies. The plan was to upgrade to energy-efficient windows for the whole house, an ___23___ process—$ 15, 000. It was simply out of ___24___ and I turned it down again.
___25___ the thought of that window ate at me for years. Every time I went down there, it kept ___26___ me. I knew I needed to deal with it, but I had built up the ___27___ so much in my mind that I put it off again and again.
Then my wife had a job ___28___ , and we needed to move. A ___29___ buyer couldn’t get a loan on the house if there was a ___30___ window. So I pulled off the boards to face this thing. It had already been for at least 5 years.
I used some rust remover(除锈剂), sprayed all around the rusted frame, and gave it a ___31___ pull. To my ___32___ , it easily moved. I pulled the window out and took it downtown. It was a 12 fix.
I could have fixed the problem for 12 the ___33___ day when it happened. But I let it worry me for years.
___34___ , this isn’t just about my window. Many of us tend to live with broken windows of one type or another for years. We suffer more in ___35___ than in reality. Step forward, and you’ll find a solution.
21. A. roof B. window C. door D. curtain
22. A. salary B. fame C. passion D. chance
23. A. accessible B. official C. expensive D. energetic
24. A. order B. balance C. breath D. reach
25. A. Therefore B. Besides C. However D. Instead
26. A. replying B. troubling C. driving D. reporting
27. A. difficulty B. confidence C. joy D. harm
28. A. change B. interest C. habit D. journey
29. A. polite B. weak C. weird D. potential
30. A. defeated B. fitted C. broken D. cured
31. A. lazy B. strong C. familiar D. strange
32. A. disappointment B. embarrassment C. astonishment D. encouragement
33. A. same B. different C. early D. new
34. A. Frequently B. Actually C. Consequently D. Unexpectedly
35. A. experiment B. discussion C. reaction D. imagination
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者家的窗户被打破后，他没有及时修理，被这个问题困扰了多年。多年后却发现原来只需要12美元就可以解决这个问题，借此告诉人们遭遇困难和麻烦时，与其被想象中的困难打倒，不妨试试实践起来，或许就能得到一个解决办法。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几年前，一个邻居家的小孩踢球打坏了我家的一扇小窗户。A.roof房顶；B. window窗户；C. door门；D. curtain窗帘。根据后文中的“Over the years, I’d sometimes ask some advice from window companies.”可知，此处被打破的是“窗户”。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们全家都依靠一份微薄的工资生活。A.salary薪资；B.fame名誉；C.passion热情；D.chance机会。根据该句以及后文“So I pulled off the boards.”可知作者家当时依靠一份微薄的“工资”生活，窗户被打破后，作者只好先用木板将其封住。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该计划是为整个房子升级为节能窗户，这是一个昂贵的过程，花费15000美元。A. accessible可接近的；B.official官方的；C.expensive昂贵的；D.energetic精力充沛的。根据“The plan was to upgrade to energy-efficient windows for the whole house...$15, 000.”可知，该公司提供的方案是将全屋的窗户升级为节能窗户，这对于作者来说是“昂贵的”。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这简直是遥不可及，我又拒绝了。A. order顺序；B. balance平衡；C. breath呼吸；D. reach波及范围。根据前文“an 3 process—$ 15, 000.”可知，作者由于经济原因用木板封住窗户，所以15, 000美元的花费对于作者来说“遥不可及”，out of reach表“遥不可及”，符合句意。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，多年来，一想到那扇窗户，我就心烦意乱。A.Therefore因此；B.Besides而且；C.However然而；D.Instead反而。由后文“ate at me for years”可知，作者因为价格拒绝了窗户修理的方案，“然而”却被窗户的问题困扰多年。这两件事存在逻辑上的转折关系。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我去那里，它总困扰着我。A.replying回应；B.troubling困扰；C.driving驱使；D.reporting报道。根据前文“the thought of that window ate at me for years”可知，窗户问题一直“困扰着”作者。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道我需要解决它，但我已经在脑海中建立了这么多的困难，以至于我一次又一次地拖延。A.difficulty困难；B.confidence自信；C.confusion困惑；D.harm伤害。根据下文“I put it off again and again”可知，作者在脑海里觉得“困难”重重，因此一直没有修。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，我的妻子换了工作，我们需要搬家。A.change改变；B.interest兴趣；C.habit习惯；D.journey旅行。由后文“we needed to move”可知，作者妻子应是“换了”工作，所以才需要搬家。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个潜在买家说他不愿意为一个有坏窗户的房屋去申请贷款。A.polite礼貌的；B.weak虚弱的；C.weird奇怪的；D.potential潜在的。由后文“couldn’t get a loan on the house”可知，这买家还需要贷款才买，所以还没有买，是一个“潜在的”买家。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个潜在买家说他没法为一个有坏窗户的房屋去申请贷款。A.defeated失败的；B.fitted合适的；C.broken破碎的；D.cured治愈的。根据后文“I pulled off the boards to face this thing”可知，作者家的窗户仍然是“坏着的”。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我拿起一些除锈剂，涂在窗户己生锈的框架上，用力一拉。A.lazy懒惰的；B.strong强烈的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.strange奇怪的。由后文“To my 12 , it easily moved.”可知，作者原本以为很难拉下，所以应是“猛地”一拉。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊奇的是，窗户的框架很容易就被扯掉了。A.disappointment失望；B.embarrassment尴尬；C.astonishment惊讶；D.encouragement鼓励。由前文“ a 11 pull”和后文“it easily moved”可知，作者原本以为很难拉下，但却很容易就扯掉了，所以作者很“惊讶”，to one’s astonishment表“使某人惊讶的是”。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我本可能在事发的当天用12美元解决这个问题。A.same相同的； B.different 不同的；C.early早； D.new新。由“ could have fixed”可知，这里在对过去的假设，说原本“当天”就可以修好，the same day表“当天”。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：实际上，这不仅仅是窗户的问题。A.Frequently频繁地；B.Actually实际上地；C.Consequently因此；D.Unexpectedly出乎预料地。根据下句“Many of us tend to live with broken windows of one type or another.”可知，“实际上”，这不仅仅是一个窗户的问题。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在想象中受到苦要比现实中的多。A.experiment实验；B.discussion讨论；C.reaction反应；D.imagination想象。根据上文语境可知，作者一开始由于经济原因不修理破窗，后来更是总想着修窗的困难，因此一直没有修，五年后才发现12美元就可以解决问题，结合下文“than in reality”可知，这里是将“想象中”受到的苦和现实中的苦进行比较。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Emerging evidence in humans suggests the Western high-fat and high-sugar junk food diet can quickly ___36___ (weak) your brain’s appetite control.
After ___37___ (offer) a week-long binge (大吃大喝) of waffles, milkshakes and similarly rich foods, the volunteers who used to be healthy scored ___38___ (bad)on memory tests and experienced a greater desire to eat junk food, even when they were already full.
The findings suggest something is special in the hippocampus (海马体)— a region of the brain ___39___ supports memory and helps to adjust appetite. When we are full, the hippocampus is thought to reduce our memories of delicious food, thereby ___40___ (reduce) our appetite. When it’s interrupted, ___41___ control can be seriously damaged. Over the years, extensive research on ___42___ (mouse) has found the function of the hippocampus is very ___43___ (sense) to junk food, but recently scientists can observe this only in young and healthy humans.
In 2017, after a week of Western-style breakfasts of waffles and milkshakes, researchers found participants performed poor on learning and memory tests which are ___44___ (typical) dependent on the hippocampus.
Now, in this latest study the scientists of the team have found that not only do such high-fat and high-sugar diets impair memory in humans, ___45___ they appear to directly affect our ability to control our appetite.
【答案】36. weaken
37. being offered
38. worse 39. which##that
40. reducing
41. the 42. mice
43. sensitive
44. typically
45. but
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出研究发现高脂肪、高糖的饮食不仅会损害人类的记忆力，而且似乎会直接影响我们控制食欲的能力。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：人类的新证据表明，西方高脂肪、高糖垃圾食品的饮食会迅速削弱大脑对食欲的控制。分析句子可知，suggests后面是一个省略了that的宾语从句，此处应填动词原形与前文can一起在从句中作谓语动词。故填weaken。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在被提供一周的华夫饼、奶昔和类似的高热量的食物后，那些过去健康的志愿者们在记忆测试中得分更差，即使已经吃饱了，他们也更渴望吃垃圾食品。after在本句中作介词，后面跟动名词作宾语，表示“被提供”，应用动名词的被动形式。故填being offered。
【38题详解】
考查副词比较级。句意：在被提供一周的华夫饼、奶昔和类似的高热量的食物后，那些过去健康的志愿者们在记忆测试中得分更差，即使已经吃饱了，他们也更渴望吃垃圾食品。根据句意可知，志愿者在试验后的记忆测试中得分比试验前更差，所以用比较级worse。故填worse。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：研究结果表明，海马体是大脑里的一个区域，里面中有一种特殊的物质支持记忆帮助调节食欲。分析句子结构可知，a region of the brain是hippocampus的同位语，主句的谓语是suggest，定语从句的谓语是supports，先行词是hippocampus，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that。故填which或that。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我们认为当我们吃饱时，海马体可以减少我们对美食的记忆，从而降低我们的食欲。分析句子结构可知，主句谓语是is thought，此处应用非谓语动词，reduce与逻辑主语hippocampus是主谓关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填reducing。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：如果中断，这种控制可能会严重受损。分析句子可知，此处control是名词，作句子的主语，特指第一段提到的appetite control，应用定冠词。故填the。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：多年来，对老鼠的广泛研究发现，海马体的功能对垃圾食品非常敏感，但科学家最近仅在年轻和健康的人类中观察到这种情况。mouse前无限定词，老鼠不止一只，应用复数形式，表泛指，与介词on 连用，作research的后置定语。故填mice。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。句意：多年来，对老鼠的广泛研究发现，海马体的功能对垃圾食品非常敏感，但科学家最近仅在年轻和健康的人类中观察到这种情况。此处用形容词作系动词后的表语，且be sensitive to为固定搭配，意为“对……敏感”。故填sensitive。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：2017年，在吃了一周的华夫饼和奶昔的西式早餐后，研究人员发现参与者在学习和记忆测试中表现较差，而学习和记忆测试通常依赖于海马体。此处修饰形容词dependent，应用副词typically。故填typically。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：现在，在这项最新的研究中，该团队的科学家们发现，这种高脂肪、高糖的饮食不仅会损害人类的记忆力，而且似乎会直接影响我们控制食欲的能力。not only. . . but (also)…为固定搭配，意为“不但……而且……”。故填but。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 假设你是李华，你市的科技馆将在本周末举办“中国之太空探索”图片展，你知道你校的外教Carl是一位太空迷。请你给他写一封邮件，邀请他前往观看。
内容：
1. 写信目的；
2. 时间与地点；
3. 中国的成就以及图片展的目的或意义。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Carl,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Carl,
Knowing that you are keen on the space, I can’t wait to inform you that there will be a photo exhibition whose theme is about China’s space exploration. I’d like to invite you to visit it.
The photo exhibition will take place in the Science and Technology Museum at 9 am this weekend. According to the introduction by the museum, to enable the general public to know more about China’s space exploration, the exhibition will show what progress China has made and how China has struggled to explore the space during the decades despite lots of difficulty.
Surely, it is a good opportunity to know more about the space, and I believe that you will be interested in it. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于邀请信。要求考生以李华的身份，给你校的外教Carl写一封电子邮件，邀请他前往你市的科技馆观看将在本周末举办“中国之太空探索”图片展。
【详解】1.词汇积累
渴望：be keen on→be thirst for
进步：progress→advance
尽管：despite→in spite of
当然：surely→certainly
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Knowing that you are keen on the space, I can’t wait to inform you that there will be a photo exhibition whose theme is about China’s space exploration.
拓展句：Because I know that you are keen on the space, I can’t wait to inform you that there will be a photo exhibition whose theme is about China’s space exploration.
【点睛】【高分句型1】According to the introduction by the museum, to enable the general public to know more about China’s space exploration, the exhibition will show what progress China has made and how China has struggled to explore the space during the decades despite lots of difficulty. (运用what和how引导宾语从句)
【高分句型2】Surely, it is a good opportunity to know more about the space, and I believe that you will be interested in it. (运用it作形式主语，that引导宾语从句)
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Debbie, a 10-year-old boy, was living in North River Heights in upper Manhattan, New York. He had a rare medical facial deformity(畸形). Due to several surgeries, Debbie had been home-schooled by his mother, but as Debbie was approaching the fifth grade, his mother decided to send him to Beecher Prep, a mainstream private school.
In order to protect his face skin, Debbie had to apply ointment (药膏)to his face, which made him look like wearing a special face mask.
At the beginning of the schooldays, he was rejected by nearly the entire student body for his strange look, which was a difficult period for him. Luckily, a girl named Summer, who offered to sit with him on his first day of school, helped him get through the tough time. They often played together and chatted about their favourite subject—science. And they became good friends.
Gradually, Debbie’s outstanding learning ability and kind behaviour made him popular among students. Since Debbie was expert in science, his classmates would turn to him whenever they had problems in learning. Debbie was always more than willing to help them. Naturally his kindness and warm heart won him a group of good friends and Debbie’s classmates got used to the way his face looked as well.
On Halloween, Debbie’s school held varieties of festival activities, every classroom decorated with flowers and toys. All classmates were dressing up. Debbie joined in it and wore a Ghost Face mask and costume. They all had fun pretending to be their favorite characters. Unrecognized, he was walking through the door to his classroom when he overheard his classmate Jack telling his roommates: “I have never seen an uglier face than Debbie’s.” On hearing this, Debbie felt sad and disappointed, leaving secretly. Summer happened to stand behind Debbie and meet the incident, but it was too late to stop it. As Debbie’s best friend at school, Summer thought Debbie was a nice boy and deserved to be treated kindly.
After a second thought, Summer went to Jack’s room.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jack decided to say sorry to Debbie.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
After a second thought, Summer went to Jack’s room. Summer angrily said to Jack that his behavior was too rude and caused serious harm to Debbie. Jack said Debbie’s face was really ugly and he didn’t lie. Summer said “Although Debbie looked different from us, he was a very excellent boy. In addition, he was not only very good at the science subject, but also eager to help everyone solve problems. We should not judge people by their appearance.” After hearing summer’s words, Jack realized that his behavior was wrong.
Jack decided to say sorry to Debbie. Jack came to Debbie and sincerely apologized to Debbie for his wrong behavior. Debbie accepted Jack’s apology. At that time, other students in the class also came. They expressed their willingness to be good friends with Debbie and hoped that Debbie would agree to their request. Debbie nodded happily. Finally, everyone laughed happily.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，主要讲述了一个先天患有面部畸形的男孩子在校园内发生的故事。在刚进入校园时，Debbie因为面部问题没有人愿意和他做朋友，除了一个叫Summer的女孩子。因为Debbie擅长科学科目且乐于帮助同学解决问题，渐渐地，Debbie融入了班级大家庭。但万圣节前夕夜晚发生了一件不愉快的事情，经过此事之后，Debbie与同学们真正地成为了好朋友。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“经过再三考虑，Summer去了Jack的房间。”可知，第一段描述Summer为了好朋友Debbie去跟Jack理论，指出Jack行为的不当之处并让Jack向Debbie道歉。
②由第二段首句内容“Jack决定向Debbie道歉。”可知，第二段描述Jack为自己的错误行为向Debbie道歉并祈求他的原谅。最后，经过此次事情，同学们都成长了许多，成为了真正地好朋友。
2.续写线索：反驳——争论——醒悟——道歉——原谅——和好
3.词汇激活：
行为类
①撒谎： tell a lie/lie/ make up a story
②与……不同：be different from/differ from
③解决：solve/resolve/deal with/settle
情绪类
①真诚地：sincerely/in good faith
②开心地：happily/delightedly
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Jack said Debbie’s face was really ugly and he didn’t lie. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2]. Although Debbie looked different from us, he was a very excellent boy. (使用了although引导的让步状语从句)
听力答案：1~5 BCBBA 6-10 AACCB 11~15 CBBAA 16-20 ABCAC
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