2023年高考英语二轮复习试题 阅读理解 01 主旨要义 Word版含解析

阅读理解  解密01 主旨要义（分层训练）

1.【辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次考试】B

Douglas Smith, n gardener from Hertfordshire. the U.K., recently set a new Guinness World Record for the most tomatoes grown on a single stem (茎), 1,269.

Up until last summer, the record for the most tomatoes grown on a single stem had stood unchallenged for over a decade. Then English farmer Douglas Smith set his sight on breaking it, thinking that he could grow more than 488 fruits on s single stem. He proved that last year, when he managed to break the old record by growing 839 tomatoes on a greenhouse -grown plant. It was quite an achievement, but he was only getting started, as only a few weeks later Douglas Smith broke his own record by growing no less than 1,269 tomatoes on a single stem.

Is Douglas Smith a gardening addict? He spends up to four hours a day in his back garden tending his plants, and has been working hard on becoming the best possible gardener the world has ever seen. To maximize his chances of setting a new world record, he read various scientific papers and even took soil samples to be tested in a laboratory. And in the end, they all paid off.

“I am over the moon,” Douglas said. “This year was only meant to be an experimental year to see which varieties would produce the most fruits and we had to fight with early blight (疫病), which put paid to a number of other tomato plants. I’m amazed by how many tomatoes were on the plant in the end.”

Growing 1,269 tomatoes on a single stem is only Douglas Smith’s latest achievement. In 2020, he grew a 20-foot-tall sunflower, and also set a new national record for the heaviest tomato, with a 3.106 kg tomato. He likes to run little experiments on other vegetables and crops, and he is currently experimenting on peas, aubergines and potatoes.

1．What can we know about Douglas Smith from paragraph 2?

A．He broke the old record twice.

B．He had planted the best tomatoes.

C．He thought breaking the record was easy.

D．He had worked to break the record for a decade.

2．Which of the following can describe Douglas Smith best?

A．Strict and tolerant. B．Attractive and brave

C．Patient and hard-working. D．Friendly and humorous.

3．What may be a challenge for Douglas Smith to break the old record?

A．A lack of money. B．Skill shortages.

C．Building a laboratory. D．Dealing with the blight.

4．What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A．The record’s significance.

B．Douglas Smith’s next plan.

C．The details about the heaviest tomato.

D．More information about Douglas Smith’s planting.

2.【湖北省宜城一中、枣阳一中等六校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】B

Just as the shiny brochure promised, from the moment I set foot on the Harvard campuslast fall, I was exposed to an exciting andenlightening new world.

I was born and raised 1, 500 miles away, in a small apartment in Jackson, Mississippi. I am the only child, so my mother overpowered me with her love. For someone who sees so much beauty in the world, she worked awfullyhard to protect me from it. Television, rap music, and even basketball with the kids on the block was beyond consideration. It left me a bit bitter as a teenager, but I grew to appreciate her enormous sacrifices(牺牲) — walking me to the library every afternoon, laboring at multiple jobs to keep food on the table, and telling me stories late into the night.

When I announced the summer before my senior year of high school that I had decided to apply to Harvard, I noticed her hesitant look before a warm smile enveloped her face. I pretended not to see, but I was never able to forget it. I tried to explain my reasons for wanting to leave-to prove I was smart enough, fear of taking the path of least resistance, the classic teenage feeling of being trapped — but the words just made me sound shallow and ungrateful.

Nevertheless, I began to work on the college applications-an early one for Harvard and roughly a dozen others standing by. I knew the chance of getting into Harvard was not in my favor. To my joy, I was informed of my acceptance into Harvard three days before my birthday. That night, after all of the celebratory texts and hugs, I sat in my room and began to cry uncontrollably.

Over the course of this year, I have changed in ways I never anticipated. I think I know now why my mother let me go. Harvard has forced me to grow and take a fair look at the world, and at myself. Needless to say, I would not trade the experience for anything.

1．The underlined word in Paragraph 2 most probably means ________.

A．made a difference to B．made peace with

2．What was the mother’s first response to the author’s decision?

A．She was worried about it. B．She laughed at it.

C．She approved of it immediately. D．She turned a deaf ear to it.

3．What did the author say about his admission to Harvard?

A．It deserved a big celebration. B．It served as a late birthday present.

C．It was beyond his expectations. D．It was a favor he owed his mother.

4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Lifelong Learning in Harvard

B．Reflections on the Road to Harvard

C．What Harvard Means to My Mother and Me

D．How Harvard Shapes My Teenage Years

3.【河南省新乡市2023届高三上学期第一次模拟】D

One of the most common beliefs among researchers is that humans first arrived in North America 16,000 years ago. According to a recent fossil discovery, that might not be true. The new finding suggests that humans might have arrived in North America far earlier.

In 2013, a damaged mammoth (猛犸象) skull and other bones that looked “deliberately broken” were found. The damage to the bones suggested that humans were the ones who caused it to make tools. Carbon- dating analysis suggested the pieces are roughly 37 ,000 years old. This discovery could shift our understanding of humans ‘earliest existence in North America. These fossils suggest humans killed animals in the area much earlier than 16, 000 years ago.

Previous research led scientists to believe the first humans that settled in North America belonged to the Clovis culture. This was a group of people who left behind carefully made tools 16,000 years ago. However, carbon-dating analysis of the mammoth bones indicates that the site is around 36, 250 to 38, 900 years old. That means it’s the oldest known site left behind by ancient humans in North America.

“That’s not the only interesting thing about the discovery,” said Timothy Rowe, a professor at the University of Texas. “The similar findings supporting an earlier date for human arrival have been mostly ignored. This is because they have contradicted previous research.”

Now, however, he thinks there’s a good chance that researchers will find evidence of humans farther back in time.

The early humans shaped bones into sharp blades, which were used to take apart animals’ remains, according to Rowe. There are also signs that they cooked the animal bones over a fire to melt off the fat. “The real evidence that we have has to do with the breakage patterns, and how thorough they are. They must have used rocks or hammer stones to bust the skeleton apart... These people would use whatever they could,” Rowe told USA Today.

1．What can be learnt about the earliest humans in North America?

A．They arrived there 16,000 years ago. B．They caused mammoth to disappear.

C．They belonged to the Clovis culture. D．They could make tools with bones.

2．Why are the findings similar to the new one ignored?

A．They lack a good chance. B．They fail to draw attention.

C．They disagree with earlier research. D．They aren’t studied scientifically.

3．How does Rowe find the new discovery?

A．Inspiring. B．Annoying. C．Puzzling. D．Embarrassing.

4．What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．The Earliest Humans’ Settling in North America

B．Evidence of Earlier Humans’ Arrival in North America

C．The Earliest Tool Makers in North America

D．Research on Mammoths in North America

4.【河北省唐山市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期12月月考】C

The universe is incredibly vast. The diameter (直径) of the observable universe is estimated to be about 93 billion light years across. With just our eyes, we can generally only see a few thousand light years worth of distance though there are some objects we can see that are much further away. The farthest object we can see with our eyes is Andromeda Galaxy (仙女座星系) located 2.5 million light years away, and yet it is only visible if there is little light pollution. In order to see farther into space, we must rely on telescopes. How far can we see using the most powerful telescopes?

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) was the record holder for the farthest visible distance in space until the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in 2021. JWST is now the most powerful telescope ever built, and it is able to see the universe as it was only 200 million years after the Big Bang. That means that JWST is able to piece together an additional 300 million years of universal history compared to HST. JWST will be able to study some of the first galaxies to form after the Big Bang.

The farthest physical distance we can see is the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR). CMBR can be thought of as the echo (回声) of the Big Bang as it is the leftover radiation from the birth of the universe. The CMBR itself is the farthest possible distance humans can see as it represents the moment that the universe became transparent to light. Although light did exist before CMBR, gas and dust were simply too dense for light to cross space. CMBR formed only 380,000 years after the Big Bang, and so we are seeing the universe prior to the formation of even the first stars.

1．Why does the author mention Andromeda Galaxy?

A．To present the origin of the universe.

B．To stress the severity of space pollution.

C．To show the limited range of human vision.

D．To prove humans' wonderful view of space.

2．What do we know about JWST?

A．It was launched in 2022.

B．It is more advanced than HST.

C．It can see 300 million years after the Big Bang.

D．It was used to study the formation of the first galaxies.

3．What does the underlined word "dense" in the last paragraph mean?

A．Distant. B．Rare.

C．Tiny. D．Thick.

4．What is the best title for the text?

A．How Far Can Humans See In Space? B．How Will JWST Be Applied?

C．How Will Humans Explore Space? D．How Far Can JWST See?

1.【辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次考试】C

These days, there’s a green version of just about everything. There are cars that run on electricity and alternative fuels, houses that are powered by solar energy and wind farms seemingly popping up on every open space from California to coastal Japan. Even drones (无人机) ate getting in on the action. The unmanned air vehicles are also being put to environmental uses around the globe.

The eye in the sky that they provide helps researchers better understand what’s going on with the natural world in which we live. For environmentalists and earth scientists, the flying machines can be sent way up in the air to record sweeping footage of a large area to track the impact of things like climate change, migration and the acts of cutting down and burning forest trees, which can be done without having to buy a helicopter, rent a plane or tape a video camera to a bird.

Sure, there’s plenty of satellite footage already out there, but drones let researchers accurately position the data set that they want to get a quicker, closer look at the area that they’re looking to monitor. In 2013, for example, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sent a drone into the Turrialba Volcano in Costa Rica to gather data about its emissions. The temperature, ash height and gas concentration information collected during the mission helped earth scientists determine which way the volcanic and potentially poisonous gas erupting from the volcano was moving and take steps to limit its environmental impact.

Similarly, Arctic researchers are using drones to help study temperature change and the melting of glaciers. They use drones equipped with infrared (红外线的) cameras to sweep into places that they may otherwise not be able to reach to monitor and collect data on the melting ice. The same flying machines may also eventually be used to transport other data collection tools into the wild.

1．How does the author lead in the topic of the text?

A．By giving examples. B．By listing data.

C．By drawing a distinction. D．By making assumptions.

2．What mainly makes drones used to better watch nature?

A．The high safety.

B．The huge space.

C．The recovery capability after damage.

D．The ability to collect data at a high altitude.

3．What do the last two paragraphs mainly tell us about drones?

A．Their production steps.

B．Their practical functions.

C．Their potential impacts on the atmosphere.

D．Their data set for motoring the environment.

4．Which is a suitable title for the text?

A．Drones: Poisonous B．Drones: Eco-friendly

C．Drones: Limited D．Drones: Adaptable

2.【湖北省宜城一中、枣阳一中等六校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】C

Nearly 10 million people worldwide live with Parkinson’s disease. While Parkinson’s is incurable, some of its worst symptoms can be relieved and controlled using medications. A major problem of getting effective treatment at the right time is identifying the disease soon enough, before patients experience the symptoms brought on by irreversible(不可逆转的)neuron loss.

But scientists might have just the thing to change the situation. And it involves a nose. In a study published in the journal ACS Omega, researchers from China’s Zhejiang University created an “e-nose, ”a portable device that can detect body smells specific to Parkinson’s patients.

It may come as a surprise to learn Parkinson’s patients have their own smells. But after a retired nurse in Scotland made headlines in 2015 for a heightened sense of smell that led to her own husband’s Parkinson’s diagnosis, scientists have been trying hard to create a device that could smell the disease before physical symptoms start to show.

Over the years, scientists have found people with Parkinson’s tend to produce more sebum (皮脂)than the average person. This sebum mixes with other overproduced substances to produce certain, unique smells.

To track down these smells, the Zhejiang University researchers swabbed(用拭子擦拭)the upper backs of 31 Parkinson’s patients and 32 healthy volunteers. Using machine-learning software, they were able to identify three smell compounds that healthy volunteers lacked. The researchers then tested the e-nose on sebum taken from 12 Parkinson’s patients and 12 healthy people. The device was found to be about 71 percent accurate in distinguishing healthy sebum from Parkinson’s sebum.

These are encouraging findings, but before the e-nose is ready for clinical use, the team needs to test it on many more people to improve the accuracy of the models. They will also need to test whether factors like race affect the e-nose’s performance in any way. But for now, as the number of people living with Parkinson’s in the U. S. is expected to rise to 1.2 million by 2030, a nose might be the best option to detect this disease.

1．What makes it difficult for Parkinson’s patients to get effective treatment?

A．Its medications are in short supply.

B．It involves irreversible neuron loss.

C．Its early signs are not easy to notice.

D．It’s not a curable disease medically.

2．What did the Scottish nurse find?

A．Her husband’s body gave off a strange smell.

B．Her husband had a heightened sense of smell.

C．A smell caused her husband to suffer from a disease.

D．A smell could relieve her husband’s Parkinson’s symptoms.

3．What will the researchers do concerning their invention?

A．Put it into clinical use.

B．Conduct a broader test.

C．Create more lab models.

D．Expand its market outside the U. S.

4．What is the best title for the text?

A．This e-nose can smell Parkinson’s

B．Parkinson’s patients produce more sebum

C．People living with Parkinson’s are on the rise

D．Researchers have found treatment for Parkinson’s

3.【河北省张家口市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】D

When Anika Puri visited India with her family four years ago, she was surprised to come across a market in Bombay filled with rows of ivory jewelry (象牙饰品) and statues. Globally, ivory trade has been illegal for more than 30 years, and elephant hunting has been prohibited in India since the 1970s.

“I was quite shocked,” the 17-year-old from New York, recalls, “Because poaching (偷猎) is illegal, how come it is still such a big issue?”

Curious, Puri did some research and discovered a shocking statistic: Africa’s forest elephant population had declined by about 62 percent between 2002 and 2011. Years later, the numbers continued to drop. Puri, a wildlife lover, wanted to do something to help protect the species and others still threatened by poaching.

Over the course of two years, Puri created EISa, a low-cost product of a machine learning-driven software that analyzes movement patterns in thermal infrared (热红外) videos of humans and elephants. Puri says the software is four times more accurate than existing state-of-the-art detection methods. It also eliminates the need for expensive high-definition thermal cameras, which can cost thousands, she says. EISa uses a $250 FLIR ONE Pro thermal camera with 206 * 156 resolution that plugs into an off-the-shelf iPhone 6. The camera and iPhone are then attached to a drone (无人机), and the system produces real-time inferences as it flies over parks as to whether objects below are humans or elephants.

Its potential impact on society earned her the Peggy Scripps Award for Science Communication. “Research isn’t a straight line,” Puri says. “It makes me resourceful. It helps me develop into a more creative thinker.”

1．What inspired Anika Puri to make the invention?

A．One study trip to Bombay. B．The deep passion for law. 

C．One visit in India.                     D．Her love for ivory.

2．How does the author explain the situation of Africa’s forest elephant?

A．By listing figures. B．By making comparison.

C．By showing an example. D．By referring to some former studies.

3．What’s the research like in Anika Puri’s eyes?

A．It’s tough and can’t reach the goal. B．It’s beneficial to one’s development.

C．It really requires a variety of resources. D．It should be further developed because of the need.

4．What may be the best title of the text?

A．Poaching Is a Shocking Problem

B．Drones Were Applied to the Ban on Poaching

C．A Fantastic Discovery Was Eventually Made by a Brilliant Teenager

D．A Teenager Invented a Low-Cost Tool to Spot Elephant Poachers in Real Time

4.【安徽省皖北五校2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考】

In recent years, we have always seen different kinds of new energy vehicles on the road frequently, but do you know anything about them?

In the 21st century, with the increasing shortage of resources such as oil and natural gas, the issue of non-renewable resources has become a major concern. The traditional industry uses mostly oil as a fuel, and the carbon dioxide produced by burning oil hurts the air. The vehicle emissions (排放) contribute to global warming and other poisonous gases cause serious air pollution.

In response to the problem of vehicle pollution, countries and regions worldwide are setting increasingly strict standards for vehicle emissions. To cope with the increasing severity of vehicle emission standards, the major car manufacturers(制造商) are now mainly adopting methods to improve the technology related to the engines of conventional energy vehicles. Although this has improved the quality of emissions, it will be increasingly difficult to upgrade the technology. At this point, the development of new energy vehicles has become a new option for manufacturers, as the production and use of new energy vehicles will fundamentally solve the problem of vehicle emissions. Therefore, the development of new energy vehicles are a necessity and a general trend.

New energy vehicles are proposed as opposed to traditional vehicles, which are mainly fuelled by petrol. A new energy vehicle is a type of vehicle that runs on clean energy sources, using new energy sources as the fuel commonly used to power the car and provide the drive energy for the vehicle. New energy vehicles can be divided into several categories, such-as pure electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, hybrid (混合动力) vehicles, and so on. In addition, new energy vehicles have the advantage of low energy consumption and low-carbon environmental protection.

However, although new energy vehicles follow the concept of sustainable development, there are still many problems and challenges in the development of new energy vehicle research and production. For instance, many issues require specialist technicians and solutions, and further breakthroughs are needed in key technology areas. In addition, the efficiency of new energy use needs to be further improved, making it difficult to form an industrial-scale operation in a short period.

1．What does using non-renewable resources invite?

A．Harm to the planet. B．Low-carbon life.

C．Less air pollution. D．Shortage of water.

2．Which can best agree with the concept of sustainable development?

A．Improving energy efficiency of traditional resources.

B．Replacing the engines of conventional energy vehicles.

C．Innovating vehicles related to renewable resources.

D．Manufacturing more cars and lowering their prices.

3．What does the fourth paragraph talk about concerning the new energy vehicles?

A．The source, fuel and advantage.

B．The definition, fuel and protection.

C．The source, category and conformation,

D．The definition, category and  advantage.

4．What is expected of new energy vehicles?

A．They should be replaced. B．Further exploring in needed.

C．It is unnecessary to improve. D．They call for no more energy.

5.【2023届青海省西宁市高三上学期一模】

Israeli researchers say they have invented a reusable face mask that can kill the coronavirus with heat by drawing power from a mobile phone charger.

The disinfecting (消毒) process takes about half an hour—and users should not wear the mask while it is plugged in, said Professor Yair Ein-Eli, who led the research team at Technion University in Haifa. The new mask has a USB port that connects to a power source such as a standard cell-phone charger that heats an inner layer of carbon fibres to 70 degrees Celsius, high enough to kill viruses.

Ein-Eli said disposable masks were not economically or environmentally friendly. “You have to make it reusable and friendly, and this is our solution,” he said.

Professor Allon Moses, an infectious diseases expert at Jerusalem’s Hadassah Medical Center, said there was “no question” that a half hour’s exposure to 70-degrce heat would kill the coronavirus. But he cautioned that repeated heating could “damage the mask’s paper or fabric and spoil its ability to protect from diseases in the future”.

During testing, the prototype was exposed to 20 heating cycles, each for half an hour, with no impact on durability, Ein-Eli said. “We can guarantee it up to a few dozen cycles, without any risk,” he added.

The prototypc looks like a standard N95 face mask, with a valve (阀) at the front and bands to hold it in place around the head. The researchers submitted (递交) a patent for the mask in the United States in late March and say they are discussing commercializing the product with the private sector.

1．How long does the disinfecting process usually take?

A．Around 20 minutes. B．Around 30 minutes.

C．Around 60 minutes. D．Around 70 minutes.

2．Why do Israeli researchers invent a new face mask?

A．To kill viruses thoroughly. B．To spread a novel idea.

C．To replace the traditional ones. D．To make reusable and friendly ones.

3．What was Allon Moses’ concern according to the text?

A．The reusable face masks could be unhealthy.

B．70-degree heat would hurt people in a way.

C．The cost of reusable face masks might be high.

D．The function of mask to prevent disease could be affected.

4．What’s the best title for the text?

A．A Mask for Curing the Coronavirus

B．The Latest Style of the Standard N95

C．A Kind of Mask Killing Viruses with Heat

D．The Cheapest Mask Instead of the Standard N95