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2023年高考英语二轮复习试题（新高考专用） 阅读理解 01 主旨要义 Word版含解析
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这是一份2023年高考英语二轮复习试题（新高考专用） 阅读理解 01 主旨要义 Word版含解析，共17页。试卷主要包含了106 kg tmat等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Duglas Smith, n gardener frm Hertfrdshire. the U.K., recently set a new Guinness Wrld Recrd fr the mst tmates grwn n a single stem (茎), 1,269.
Up until last summer, the recrd fr the mst tmates grwn n a single stem had std unchallenged fr ver a decade. Then English farmer Duglas Smith set his sight n breaking it, thinking that he culd grw mre than 488 fruits n s single stem. He prved that last year, when he managed t break the ld recrd by grwing 839 tmates n a greenhuse -grwn plant. It was quite an achievement, but he was nly getting started, as nly a few weeks later Duglas Smith brke his wn recrd by grwing n less than 1,269 tmates n a single stem.
Is Duglas Smith a gardening addict? He spends up t fur hurs a day in his back garden tending his plants, and has been wrking hard n becming the best pssible gardener the wrld has ever seen. T maximize his chances f setting a new wrld recrd, he read varius scientific papers and even tk sil samples t be tested in a labratry. And in the end, they all paid ff.
“I am ver the mn,” Duglas said. “This year was nly meant t be an experimental year t see which varieties wuld prduce the mst fruits and we had t fight with early blight (疫病), which put paid t a number f ther tmat plants. I’m amazed by hw many tmates were n the plant in the end.”
Grwing 1,269 tmates n a single stem is nly Duglas Smith’s latest achievement. In 2020, he grew a 20-ft-tall sunflwer, and als set a new natinal recrd fr the heaviest tmat, with a 3.106 kg tmat. He likes t run little experiments n ther vegetables and crps, and he is currently experimenting n peas, aubergines and ptates.
1．What can we knw abut Duglas Smith frm paragraph 2?
A．He brke the ld recrd twice.
B．He had planted the best tmates.
C．He thught breaking the recrd was easy.
D．He had wrked t break the recrd fr a decade.
2．Which f the fllwing can describe Duglas Smith best?
A．Strict and tlerant.B．Attractive and brave
C．Patient and hard-wrking.D．Friendly and humrus.
3．What may be a challenge fr Duglas Smith t break the ld recrd?
A．A lack f mney.B．Skill shrtages.
C．Building a labratry.D．Dealing with the blight.
4．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．The recrd’s significance.
B．Duglas Smith’s next plan.
C．The details abut the heaviest tmat.
D．Mre infrmatin abut Duglas Smith’s planting.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了打破吉尼斯世界纪录的Duglas Smith种植番茄和其他植物的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“It was quite an achievement, but he was nly getting started, as nly a few weeks later Duglas Smith brke his wn recrd by grwing n less than 1,269 tmates n a single stem. He prved that last year, when he managed t break the ld recrd by grwing 839 tmates n a greenhuse -grwn plant.（去年他就证明了这一点，他在温室里种了839个西红柿，打破了以前的纪录。这是一项相当大的成就，但他才刚刚开始，因为仅仅几周后，Duglas Smith就打破了自己的纪录，在一根茎上种出了超过1269个西红柿。）”可知，Duglas Smith两次打破原先的世界记录。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段二三句“He spends up t fur hurs a day in his back garden tending his plants, and has been wrking hard n becming the best pssible gardener the wrld has ever seen. T maximize his chances f setting a new wrld recrd, he read varius scientific papers and even tk sil samples t be tested in a labratry.（他每天在后花园里花四个小时打理植物，并一直在努力成为世界上有史以来最好的园丁。最大限度地提高他创造新世界纪录的机会，他阅读了各种科学论文，甚至取了土壤样本在实验室进行测试。）”可知，愿意花数个小时打理植物，并努力阅读相关论文的Duglas Smith是一个很有耐心很勤奋的人。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段他说的话“This year was nly meant t be an experimental year t see which varieties wuld prduce the mst fruits and we had t fight with early blight (疫病), which put paid t a number f ther tmat plants.（今年只是一个试验性的一年，看看哪些品种会结出最多的果实，我们必须与早期疫病作斗争，这毁掉了许多其他番茄苗。）”可知，导致很多番茄苗被毁掉的疫病是他面临的挑战。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句“He likes t run little experiments n ther vegetables and crps, and he is currently experimenting n peas, aubergines and ptates.（他喜欢在其他蔬菜和作物上做一些小实验，目前他正在豌豆、茄子和土豆上做实验。）”，可知这一段谈及番茄之外其他的一些植物种植情况。故选D项。
2.【湖北省宜城一中、枣阳一中等六校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】B
Just as the shiny brchure prmised, frm the mment I set ft n the Harvard campuslast fall, I was expsed t an exciting andenlightening new wrld.
I was brn and raised 1, 500 miles away, in a small apartment in Jacksn, Mississippi. I am the nly child, s my mther verpwered me with her lve. Fr smene wh sees s much beauty in the wrld, she wrked awfullyhard t prtect me frm it. Televisin, rap music, and even basketball with the kids n the blck was beynd cnsideratin. It left me a bit bitter as a teenager, but I grew t appreciate her enrmus sacrifices(牺牲) — walking me t the library every afternn, labring at multiple jbs t keep fd n the table, and telling me stries late int the night.
When I annunced the summer befre my senir year f high schl that I had decided t apply t Harvard, I nticed her hesitant lk befre a warm smile envelped her face. I pretended nt t see, but I was never able t frget it. I tried t explain my reasns fr wanting t leave-t prve I was smart enugh, fear f taking the path f least resistance, the classic teenage feeling f being trapped — but the wrds just made me sund shallw and ungrateful.
Nevertheless, I began t wrk n the cllege applicatins-an early ne fr Harvard and rughly a dzen thers standing by. I knew the chance f getting int Harvard was nt in my favr. T my jy, I was infrmed f my acceptance int Harvard three days befre my birthday. That night, after all f the celebratry texts and hugs, I sat in my rm and began t cry uncntrllably.
Over the curse f this year, I have changed in ways I never anticipated. I think I knw nw why my mther let me g. Harvard has frced me t grw and take a fair lk at the wrld, and at myself. Needless t say, I wuld nt trade the experience fr anything.
1．The underlined wrd in Paragraph 2 mst prbably means ________.
A．made a difference tB．made peace with
2．What was the mther’s first respnse t the authr’s decisin?
A．She was wrried abut it.B．She laughed at it.
C．She apprved f it immediately.D．She turned a deaf ear t it.
3．What did the authr say abut his admissin t Harvard?
A．It deserved a big celebratin.B．It served as a late birthday present.
C．It was beynd his expectatins.D．It was a favr he wed his mther.
4．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Lifelng Learning in Harvard
B．Reflectins n the Rad t Harvard
C．What Harvard Means t My Mther and Me
D．Hw Harvard Shapes My Teenage Years
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了作者的哈佛求学之路以及自己的思考。
1．词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词后“Fr smene wh sees s much beauty in the wrld, she wrked awfully hard t prtect me frm it. Televisin, rap music, and even basketball with the kids n the blck was beynd cnsideratin.(作为一个能看到世界上这么多美好事物的人，她却非常努力地保护我不受它的伤害。看电视、听说唱音乐，甚至和街区里的孩子们一起打篮球都是不可能的)”可推知，母亲对作者的管教很严格，所以画线词所在句意为“我是独生子，所以我的母亲用她的爱控制了我”，verpwered意为“控制”。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When I annunced the summer befre my senir year f high schl that I had decided t apply t Harvard, I nticed her hesitant lk befre a warm smile envelped her face.(在我升入高三的那个夏天，我告诉母亲我决定申请去哈佛念书，我察觉到母亲脸上那一丝犹豫，尽管那很快就被温暖的笑容所掩盖)”可知，母亲对作者的决定的第一反应是担心。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“I knew the chance f getting int Harvard was nt in my favr. T my jy, I was infrmed f my acceptance int Harvard three days befre my birthday.(我知道进入哈佛的胜算并不是我能决定的。令我高兴的是，在我生日的前三天，我被哈佛录取了)”可知，被哈佛大学录取超出了作者的预料。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“Harvard has frced me t grw and take a fair lk at the wrld, and at myself. Needless t say, I wuld nt trade the experience fr anything.(哈佛迫使我成长，让我以公正的眼光看待这个世界和我自己。不用说，我不会拿这段经历换任何东西)”可知，文章主要介绍了作者的哈佛求学之路以及自己的思考。故选B。
3.【河南省新乡市2023届高三上学期第一次模拟】D
One f the mst cmmn beliefs amng researchers is that humans first arrived in Nrth America 16,000 years ag. Accrding t a recent fssil discvery, that might nt be true. The new finding suggests that humans might have arrived in Nrth America far earlier.
In 2013, a damaged mammth (猛犸象) skull and ther bnes that lked “deliberately brken” were fund. The damage t the bnes suggested that humans were the nes wh caused it t make tls. Carbn- dating analysis suggested the pieces are rughly 37 ,000 years ld. This discvery culd shift ur understanding f humans ‘earliest existence in Nrth America. These fssils suggest humans killed animals in the area much earlier than 16, 000 years ag.
Previus research led scientists t believe the first humans that settled in Nrth America belnged t the Clvis culture. This was a grup f peple wh left behind carefully made tls 16,000 years ag. Hwever, carbn-dating analysis f the mammth bnes indicates that the site is arund 36, 250 t 38, 900 years ld. That means it’s the ldest knwn site left behind by ancient humans in Nrth America.
“That’s nt the nly interesting thing abut the discvery,” said Timthy Rwe, a prfessr at the University f Texas. “The similar findings supprting an earlier date fr human arrival have been mstly ignred. This is because they have cntradicted previus research.”
Nw, hwever, he thinks there’s a gd chance that researchers will find evidence f humans farther back in time.
The early humans shaped bnes int sharp blades, which were used t take apart animals’ remains, accrding t Rwe. There are als signs that they cked the animal bnes ver a fire t melt ff the fat. “The real evidence that we have has t d with the breakage patterns, and hw thrugh they are. They must have used rcks r hammer stnes t bust the skeletn apart... These peple wuld use whatever they culd,” Rwe tld USA Tday.
1．What can be learnt abut the earliest humans in Nrth America?
A．They arrived there 16,000 years ag.B．They caused mammth t disappear.
C．They belnged t the Clvis culture.D．They culd make tls with bnes.
2．Why are the findings similar t the new ne ignred?
A．They lack a gd chance.B．They fail t draw attentin.
C．They disagree with earlier research.D．They aren’t studied scientifically.
3．Hw des Rwe find the new discvery?
A．Inspiring.B．Annying.C．Puzzling.D．Embarrassing.
4．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Earliest Humans’ Settling in Nrth America
B．Evidence f Earlier Humans’ Arrival in Nrth America
C．The Earliest Tl Makers in Nrth America
D．Research n Mammths in Nrth America
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新的研究表明人类远早于16000年前就到达了北美。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The damage t the bnes suggested that humans were the nes wh caused it t make tls.(骨头上的损伤表明是人类制造的工具造成的 )”可知，北美洲最早的人类可以用骨头制作工具。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段的“The similar findings supprting an earlier date fr human arrival have been mstly ignred. This is because they have cntradicted previus research.(支持人类更早到达的类似发现大多被忽视了。这是因为它们与之前的研究相矛盾)”可知，与新发现相似的早期发现被忽略是因为与早期研究相矛盾。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Nw, hwever, he thinks there’s a gd chance that researchers will find evidence f humans farther back in time.(然而，现在他认为研究人员很有可能找到更早以前人类存在的证据)”可知，Rwe认为新的研究很有可能帮助研究人员找到更早以前人类存在的证据。由此推知，Rwe认为这个发现是鼓舞人心的。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段“One f the mst cmmn beliefs amng researchers is that humans first arrived in Nrth America 16,000 years ag. Accrding t a recent fssil discvery, that might nt be true. The new finding suggests that humans might have arrived in Nrth America far earlier.(研究人员最普遍的观点之一是，人类在16000年前首次到达北美。根据最近的化石发现，这可能不是真的。这项新发现表明，人类可能更早到达北美)”和第二段的“This discvery culd shift ur understanding f humans ‘earliest existence in Nrth America. These fssils suggest humans killed animals in the area much earlier than 16, 000 years ag.(这一发现可能会改变我们对人类最早在北美存在的理解。这些化石表明，早在一万六千年前，人类就在该地区捕杀动物)”可知，本文主要介绍新的研究表明人类远早于16000年前就到达了北美。B项“早期人类到达北美的证据”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
4.【河北省唐山市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期12月月考】C
The universe is incredibly vast. The diameter (直径) f the bservable universe is estimated t be abut 93 billin light years acrss. With just ur eyes, we can generally nly see a few thusand light years wrth f distance thugh there are sme bjects we can see that are much further away. The farthest bject we can see with ur eyes is Andrmeda Galaxy (仙女座星系) lcated 2.5 millin light years away, and yet it is nly visible if there is little light pllutin. In rder t see farther int space, we must rely n telescpes. Hw far can we see using the mst pwerful telescpes?
The Hubble Space Telescpe (HST) was the recrd hlder fr the farthest visible distance in space until the launch f the James Webb Space Telescpe (JWST) in 2021. JWST is nw the mst pwerful telescpe ever built, and it is able t see the universe as it was nly 200 millin years after the Big Bang. That means that JWST is able t piece tgether an additinal 300 millin years f universal histry cmpared t HST. JWST will be able t study sme f the first galaxies t frm after the Big Bang.
The farthest physical distance we can see is the Csmic Micrwave Backgrund Radiatin (CMBR). CMBR can be thught f as the ech (回声) f the Big Bang as it is the leftver radiatin frm the birth f the universe. The CMBR itself is the farthest pssible distance humans can see as it represents the mment that the universe became transparent t light. Althugh light did exist befre CMBR, gas and dust were simply t dense fr light t crss space. CMBR frmed nly 380,000 years after the Big Bang, and s we are seeing the universe prir t the frmatin f even the first stars.
1．Why des the authr mentin Andrmeda Galaxy?
A．T present the rigin f the universe.
B．T stress the severity f space pllutin.
C．T shw the limited range f human visin.
D．T prve humans' wnderful view f space.
2．What d we knw abut JWST?
A．It was launched in 2022.
B．It is mre advanced than HST.
C．It can see 300 millin years after the Big Bang.
D．It was used t study the frmatin f the first galaxies.
3．What des the underlined wrd "dense" in the last paragraph mean?
A．Distant.B．Rare.
C．Tiny.D．Thick.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Hw Far Can Humans See In Space?B．Hw Will JWST Be Applied?
C．Hw Will Humans Explre Space?D．Hw Far Can JWST See?
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了我们用肉眼观察到的宇宙范围十分有限，但是在太空望远镜的帮助下可以看到大爆炸后形成的第一批星系。
1．目的意图题。根据文章第一段中“With just ur eyes, we can generally nly see a few thusand light years wrth f distance.(仅凭我们的眼睛，我们通常只能看到几千光年的距离。)”以及“In rder t see farther int space, we must rely n telescpes. Hw far can we see using the mst pwerful telescpes?(为了看得更远的太空，我们必须依靠望远镜。使用最强大的望远镜，我们能看到多远?)”可知，作者提到仙女座星系是想表达肉眼可见范围十分有限，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The Hubble Space Telescpe (HST) was the recrd hlder fr the farthest visible distance in space until the launch f the James Webb Space Telescpe (JWST) in 2021.(在2021年詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）发射之前，哈勃太空望远镜（HST）一直是太空最远可见距离的纪录保持者。)”及“That means that JWST is able t piece tgether an additinal 300 millin years f universal histry cmpared t HST. JWST will be able t study sme f the first galaxies t frm after the Big Bang.( 这意味着与HST相比，JWST能够再拼凑3亿年的普世历史。)”可知，JWST(詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜)比HST(哈勃太空望远镜)更先进可以观测到更远的范围，故选B。
3．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Althugh light did exist befre CMBR, gas and dust were simply t dense fr light t crss space(虽然光在宇宙微波背景辐射之前就已经存在，但气体和尘埃的密度太大，光无法穿过空间。)”以及结合光无法穿过空间可知，是因为气体和尘埃的原因，光无法穿过的可能性是气体和尘埃密度太大，故选D。
4．标题判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Hw far can we see using the mst pwerful telescpes?(使用最强大的望远镜，我们能看到多远)”及各段大意，文章第一段主要讲述了肉眼可见最远距离，第二段讲述了新的詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜的优势，第三段讲述了我们能看到的最远物理距离。可知，文章主要讲述了人类可观测到的最远距离，故选A。
分层练B
1.【辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次考试】C
These days, there’s a green versin f just abut everything. There are cars that run n electricity and alternative fuels, huses that are pwered by slar energy and wind farms seemingly ppping up n every pen space frm Califrnia t castal Japan. Even drnes (无人机) ate getting in n the actin. The unmanned air vehicles are als being put t envirnmental uses arund the glbe.
The eye in the sky that they prvide helps researchers better understand what’s ging n with the natural wrld in which we live. Fr envirnmentalists and earth scientists, the flying machines can be sent way up in the air t recrd sweeping ftage f a large area t track the impact f things like climate change, migratin and the acts f cutting dwn and burning frest trees, which can be dne withut having t buy a helicpter, rent a plane r tape a vide camera t a bird.
Sure, there’s plenty f satellite ftage already ut there, but drnes let researchers accurately psitin the data set that they want t get a quicker, clser lk at the area that they’re lking t mnitr. In 2013, fr example, the Natinal Aernautics and Space Administratin (NASA) sent a drne int the Turrialba Vlcan in Csta Rica t gather data abut its emissins. The temperature, ash height and gas cncentratin infrmatin cllected during the missin helped earth scientists determine which way the vlcanic and ptentially pisnus gas erupting frm the vlcan was mving and take steps t limit its envirnmental impact.
Similarly, Arctic researchers are using drnes t help study temperature change and the melting f glaciers. They use drnes equipped with infrared (红外线的) cameras t sweep int places that they may therwise nt be able t reach t mnitr and cllect data n the melting ice. The same flying machines may als eventually be used t transprt ther data cllectin tls int the wild.
1．Hw des the authr lead in the tpic f the text?
A．By giving examples.B．By listing data.
C．By drawing a distinctin.D．By making assumptins.
2．What mainly makes drnes used t better watch nature?
A．The high safety.
B．The huge space.
C．The recvery capability after damage.
D．The ability t cllect data at a high altitude.
3．What d the last tw paragraphs mainly tell us abut drnes?
A．Their prductin steps.
B．Their practical functins.
C．Their ptential impacts n the atmsphere.
D．Their data set fr mtring the envirnment.
4．Which is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Drnes: PisnusB．Drnes: Ec-friendly
C．Drnes: LimitedD．Drnes: Adaptable
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了无人机在环境保护方面的应用。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“These days, there’s a green versin f just abut everything. There are cars that run n electricity and alternative fuels, huses that are pwered by slar energy and wind farms seemingly ppping up n every pen space frm Califrnia t castal Japan. Even drnes (无人机) ate getting in n the actin.”（现在，几乎所有东西都有绿色版本。从加利福尼亚到日本沿海的每个开放空间似乎都出现了使用电力和替代燃料的汽车、太阳能驱动的房屋和风力发电场。就连无人机也加入了行动。）可知，本段中作者列举了生活中随处可见的环保行文：电动汽车代替燃料汽车，太阳能驱动的房屋和风力发电场，引入了本文的话题。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The eye in the sky that they prvide helps researchers better understand what’s ging n with the natural wrld in which we live. Fr envirnmentalists and earth scientists. the flying machines can be sent way up in the air t recrd sweeping ftage f a large area t track the impact f things like climate change, migratin and the acts f cutting dwn and burning frest trees, which can be dne withut having t buy a helicpter, rent a plane r tape a vide camera t a bird”(它们提供的空中眼睛帮助研究人员更好地了解我们生活的自然世界正在发生什么。对于环境学家和地球科学家来说，这些飞行器可以被送到空中去记录大片区域的影像来追踪气候变化，迁徙以及砍伐和焚烧森林树木的行为，这些都不需要购买直升机，租用飞机或者给鸟类装摄像机。）可知，使用无人机可以帮助研究人员更好地了解我们生活的自然世界正在发生什么，可以在空中实现影像采集，追踪气候变化，动物迁徙以及人类对森林的破坏行为。故选D。
3．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段中“drnes let researchers accurately psitin the data set that they want t get a quicker, clser lk at the area that they’re lking t mnitr. ”（无人机可以让研究人员精确定位数据集，他们希望得到一个更快，更近距离地观察他们要监视的区域。）讲述了无人机能实现的功能。最后一段中“Similarly, Arctic researchers are using drnes t help study temperature change and the melting f glaciers. ”（同样，北极研究人员正在使用无人机帮助研究气温变化和冰川融化。)具体说明了无人机在研究气温变化和冰川融化方面的帮助作用。所以两段主要说明了无人机的实际生活中的运用。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章第一段中“These days, there’s a green versin f just abut everything.”（现在，几乎所有东西都有绿色版本。）“The unmanned air vehicles are als being put t envirnmental uses arund the glbe.”（无人驾驶飞行器也正在全球范围内用于环境保护。）同时根据本段中的举例，引出了文章的话题：无人机在环境保护方面的应用。第二段提到了无人机可用于观测自然的原因，最后两段阐述了无人机的实际应用。所以本文的标题应为：用于环境保护的无人机。选项B与文意相符，故选B。
2.【湖北省宜城一中、枣阳一中等六校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】C
Nearly 10 millin peple wrldwide live with Parkinsn’s disease. While Parkinsn’s is incurable, sme f its wrst symptms can be relieved and cntrlled using medicatins. A majr prblem f getting effective treatment at the right time is identifying the disease sn enugh, befre patients experience the symptms brught n by irreversible(不可逆转的)neurn lss.
But scientists might have just the thing t change the situatin. And it invlves a nse. In a study published in the jurnal ACS Omega, researchers frm China’s Zhejiang University created an “e-nse, ”a prtable device that can detect bdy smells specific t Parkinsn’s patients.
It may cme as a surprise t learn Parkinsn’s patients have their wn smells. But after a retired nurse in Sctland made headlines in 2015 fr a heightened sense f smell that led t her wn husband’s Parkinsn’s diagnsis, scientists have been trying hard t create a device that culd smell the disease befre physical symptms start t shw.
Over the years, scientists have fund peple with Parkinsn’s tend t prduce mre sebum (皮脂)than the average persn. This sebum mixes with ther verprduced substances t prduce certain, unique smells.
T track dwn these smells, the Zhejiang University researchers swabbed(用拭子擦拭)the upper backs f 31 Parkinsn’s patients and 32 healthy vlunteers. Using machine-learning sftware, they were able t identify three smell cmpunds that healthy vlunteers lacked. The researchers then tested the e-nse n sebum taken frm 12 Parkinsn’s patients and 12 healthy peple. The device was fund t be abut 71 percent accurate in distinguishing healthy sebum frm Parkinsn’s sebum.
These are encuraging findings, but befre the e-nse is ready fr clinical use, the team needs t test it n many mre peple t imprve the accuracy f the mdels. They will als need t test whether factrs like race affect the e-nse’s perfrmance in any way. But fr nw, as the number f peple living with Parkinsn’s in the U. S. is expected t rise t 1.2 millin by 2030, a nse might be the best ptin t detect this disease.
1．What makes it difficult fr Parkinsn’s patients t get effective treatment?
A．Its medicatins are in shrt supply.
B．It invlves irreversible neurn lss.
C．Its early signs are nt easy t ntice.
D．It’s nt a curable disease medically.
2．What did the Scttish nurse find?
A．Her husband’s bdy gave ff a strange smell.
B．Her husband had a heightened sense f smell.
C．A smell caused her husband t suffer frm a disease.
D．A smell culd relieve her husband’s Parkinsn’s symptms.
3．What will the researchers d cncerning their inventin?
A．Put it int clinical use.
B．Cnduct a brader test.
C．Create mre lab mdels.
D．Expand its market utside the U. S.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．This e-nse can smell Parkinsn’s
B．Parkinsn’s patients prduce mre sebum
C．Peple living with Parkinsn’s are n the rise
D．Researchers have fund treatment fr Parkinsn’s
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是患有帕金森病的患者在获得有效的救治之前往往很难发现早期的症状，针对于这个问题研究人员研发出了一种可以检测出患者在身体症状出现之前的特有气味的便携式设备——“电子鼻”。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A majr prblem f getting effective treatment at the right time is identifying the disease sn enugh, befre patients experience the symptms brught n by irreversible(不可逆转的)neurn lss.(在正确的时间获得有效治疗的一个主要问题是，在患者经历不可逆的神经元损失带来的症状之前，尽快确定疾病。)”可知只有尽快确定疾病，帕金森患者才能在正确的时间里得到有效的救治，所以可以推断出早期症状的难以发现使帕金森患者得到有效救治变得困难。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But after a retired nurse in Sctland made headlines in 2015 fr a heightened sense f smell that led t her wn husband’s Parkinsn’s diagnsis(但2015年，苏格兰一名退休护士因为她敏锐的嗅觉帮助其丈夫被诊断出帕金森病而上了头条。)”可知这名苏格兰退休护士发现她丈夫的身体发出一种特殊的气味。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“These are encuraging findings, but befre the e-nse is ready fr clinical use, the team needs t test it n many mre peple t imprve the accuracy f the mdels. They will als need t test whether factrs like race affect the e-nse’s perfrmance in any way.(这些都是令人鼓舞的发现，但在电子鼻投入临床使用之前，研究小组还需要在更多的人身上进行测试，以提高模型的准确性。他们还需要测试种族等因素是否会以任何方式影响电子鼻的性能。)”可知为了提高模型的准确性，在电子鼻投入临床使用之前，研究小组还需要进行更广泛的测试。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。文章第一段主要讲的是电子鼻出现的背景——帕金森病人在得到正确救治之前很难发现其症状，第二、三、四和五段主要围绕着电子鼻的研发，测试及功效展开，最后一段“These are encuraging findings, but befre the e-nse is ready fr clinical use, the team needs t test it n many mre peple t imprve the accuracy f the mdels. They will als need t test whether factrs like race affect the e-nse’s perfrmance in any way. But fr nw, as the number f peple living with Parkinsn’s in the U. S. is expected t rise t 1. 2 millin by 2030, a nse might be the best ptin t detect this disease.(这些都是令人鼓舞的发现，但在电子鼻投入临床使用之前，研究小组还需要在更多的人身上进行测试，以提高模型的准确性。他们还需要测试种族等因素是否会以任何方式影响电子鼻的性能。但目前，美国帕金森患者的数量预计将上升到120万。到2030年，电子鼻可能是检测这种疾病的最佳选择。)”向我们展示了电子鼻的使用前景，对全文进行总结。纵观全文，文章都是在围绕着一种能够测出帕金森患者身上特有气味的电子鼻展开，所以A项This e-nse can smell Parkinsn’s作为文章的标题最为合适。故选A项。
3.【河北省张家口市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】D
When Anika Puri visited India with her family fur years ag, she was surprised t cme acrss a market in Bmbay filled with rws f ivry jewelry (象牙饰品) and statues. Glbally, ivry trade has been illegal fr mre than 30 years, and elephant hunting has been prhibited in India since the 1970s.
“I was quite shcked,” the 17-year-ld frm New Yrk, recalls, “Because paching (偷猎) is illegal, hw cme it is still such a big issue?”
Curius, Puri did sme research and discvered a shcking statistic: Africa’s frest elephant ppulatin had declined by abut 62 percent between 2002 and 2011. Years later, the numbers cntinued t drp. Puri, a wildlife lver, wanted t d smething t help prtect the species and thers still threatened by paching.
Over the curse f tw years, Puri created EISa, a lw-cst prduct f a machine learning-driven sftware that analyzes mvement patterns in thermal infrared (热红外) vides f humans and elephants. Puri says the sftware is fur times mre accurate than existing state-f-the-art detectin methds. It als eliminates the need fr expensive high-definitin thermal cameras, which can cst thusands, she says. EISa uses a $250 FLIR ONE Pr thermal camera with 206 * 156 reslutin that plugs int an ff-the-shelf iPhne 6. The camera and iPhne are then attached t a drne (无人机), and the system prduces real-time inferences as it flies ver parks as t whether bjects belw are humans r elephants.
Its ptential impact n sciety earned her the Peggy Scripps Award fr Science Cmmunicatin. “Research isn’t a straight line,” Puri says. “It makes me resurceful. It helps me develp int a mre creative thinker.”
1．What inspired Anika Puri t make the inventin?
A．One study trip t Bmbay.B．The deep passin fr law.
C．One visit in India. D．Her lve fr ivry.
2．Hw des the authr explain the situatin f Africa’s frest elephant?
A．By listing figures.B．By making cmparisn.
C．By shwing an example.D．By referring t sme frmer studies.
3．What’s the research like in Anika Puri’s eyes?
A．It’s tugh and can’t reach the gal.B．It’s beneficial t ne’s develpment.
C．It really requires a variety f resurces.D．It shuld be further develped because f the need.
4．What may be the best title f the text?
A．Paching Is a Shcking Prblem
B．Drnes Were Applied t the Ban n Paching
C．A Fantastic Discvery Was Eventually Made by a Brilliant Teenager
D．A Teenager Invented a Lw-Cst Tl t Spt Elephant Pachers in Real Time
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公Anika Puri 在与家人外出旅行中偶然间发现盗猎大象的现象，于是她通过观察和研究，发明了EISa软件来帮助保护大象。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“When Anika Puri visited India with her family fur years ag, she was surprised t cme acrss a market in Bmbay filled with rws f ivry jewelry (象牙饰品) and statues. Glbally, ivry trade has been illegal fr mre than 30 years, and elephant hunting has been prhibited in India since the 1970s.(四年前，当Anika Puri和家人一起访问印度时，她惊讶地发现孟买的一个市场里摆满了成排的象牙珠宝和雕像。在全球范围内，象牙贸易30多年来一直是非法的，自20世纪70年代以来，印度就禁止猎杀大象。)”以及第三段中“Puri, a wildlife lver, wanted t d smething t help prtect the species and thers still threatened by paching.(Anika Puri是一名野生动物爱好者，她想做点什么来帮助保护这些物种和其他仍然受到偷猎威胁的物种。)”可知，当Anika Puri和家人一起访问印度时，发现了市场里摆满了成排的象牙珠宝和雕像，由此激发了她要做点什么来保护大象。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Curius, Puri did sme research and discvered a shcking statistic: Africa’s frest elephant ppulatin had declined by abut 62 percent between 2002 and 2011. Years later, the numbers cntinued t drp. (出于好奇，Puri做了一些研究，发现了一个令人震惊的统计数据：2002年至2011年间，非洲森林象的数量下降了约62%。多年后，这一数字继续下降。)”可知，作者通过列举数字的方式介绍了非洲森林象的情况。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Puri says. “It makes me resurceful. It helps me develp int a mre creative thinker.”(Puri说“这让我足智多谋。它帮助我成长为一个更有创造力的思考者。”)”可知，在Puri看来，研究让她变得足智多谋，让她成长为一个更有创造力的思考者，即科学研究对一个人的发展是有益的。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了主人公Anika Puri 在与家人外出旅行中偶然间发现盗猎大象的现象，于是她通过观察和研究，发明了EISa软件来帮助保护大象的故事。故D选项“A Teenager Invented a Lw-Cst Tl t Spt Elephant Pachers in Real Time(一名青少年发明了一种低成本的工具，可以实时发现大象偷猎者)”概括全文，适合文章标题。故选D。
4.【安徽省皖北五校2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考】
In recent years, we have always seen different kinds f new energy vehicles n the rad frequently, but d yu knw anything abut them?
In the 21st century, with the increasing shrtage f resurces such as il and natural gas, the issue f nn-renewable resurces has becme a majr cncern. The traditinal industry uses mstly il as a fuel, and the carbn dixide prduced by burning il hurts the air. The vehicle emissins (排放) cntribute t glbal warming and ther pisnus gases cause serius air pllutin.
In respnse t the prblem f vehicle pllutin, cuntries and regins wrldwide are setting increasingly strict standards fr vehicle emissins. T cpe with the increasing severity f vehicle emissin standards, the majr car manufacturers(制造商) are nw mainly adpting methds t imprve the technlgy related t the engines f cnventinal energy vehicles. Althugh this has imprved the quality f emissins, it will be increasingly difficult t upgrade the technlgy. At this pint, the develpment f new energy vehicles has becme a new ptin fr manufacturers, as the prductin and use f new energy vehicles will fundamentally slve the prblem f vehicle emissins. Therefre, the develpment f new energy vehicles are a necessity and a general trend.
New energy vehicles are prpsed as ppsed t traditinal vehicles, which are mainly fuelled by petrl. A new energy vehicle is a type f vehicle that runs n clean energy surces, using new energy surces as the fuel cmmnly used t pwer the car and prvide the drive energy fr the vehicle. New energy vehicles can be divided int several categries, such-as pure electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, hybrid (混合动力) vehicles, and s n. In additin, new energy vehicles have the advantage f lw energy cnsumptin and lw-carbn envirnmental prtectin.
Hwever, althugh new energy vehicles fllw the cncept f sustainable develpment, there are still many prblems and challenges in the develpment f new energy vehicle research and prductin. Fr instance, many issues require specialist technicians and slutins, and further breakthrughs are needed in key technlgy areas. In additin, the efficiency f new energy use needs t be further imprved, making it difficult t frm an industrial-scale peratin in a shrt perid.
1．What des using nn-renewable resurces invite?
A．Harm t the planet.B．Lw-carbn life.
C．Less air pllutin.D．Shrtage f water.
2．Which can best agree with the cncept f sustainable develpment?
A．Imprving energy efficiency f traditinal resurces.
B．Replacing the engines f cnventinal energy vehicles.
C．Innvating vehicles related t renewable resurces.
D．Manufacturing mre cars and lwering their prices.
3．What des the furth paragraph talk abut cncerning the new energy vehicles?
A．The surce, fuel and advantage.
B．The definitin, fuel and prtectin.
C．The surce, categry and cnfrmatin,
D．The definitin, categry and advantage.
4．What is expected f new energy vehicles?
A．They shuld be replaced.B．Further explring in needed.
C．It is unnecessary t imprve.D．They call fr n mre energy.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述因传统能源危机及其使用过程中产生的危害促使人类开始对可再生资源和新能源汽车的开发和利用。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“In the 21st century, with the increasing shrtage f resurces such as il and natural gas, the issue f nn-renewable resurces has becme a majr cncern. The traditinal industry uses mstly il as a fuel, and the carbn dixide prduced by burning il hurts the air. ”（在21世纪，随着石油、天然气等资源的日益短缺，不可再生资源的问题已成为一个主要问题。传统工业主要使用石油作为燃料，燃烧石油产生的二氧化碳对空气有害）可知，传统的非再生资源会对地球造成伤害。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“ At this pint, the develpment f new energy vehicles has becme a new ptin fr manufacturers, as the prductin and use f new energy vehicles will fundamentally slve the prblem f vehicle emissins. Therefre, the develpment f new energy vehicles are a necessity and a general trend.”（此时，新能源汽车的生产和使用将从根本上解决汽车排放问题，发展新能源汽车成为厂商的新选择。因此，发展新能源汽车是必然和大势所趋）和最后一段的“Hwever, althugh new energy vehicles fllw the cncept f sustainable develpment(虽然新能源汽车遵循可持续发展的理念)”可知，开发可再生资源的车辆最符合可持续发展理念。故选C项。
3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“A new energy vehicle is a type f vehicle that runs n clean energy surces, using new energy surces as the fuel cmmnly used t pwer the car and prvide the drive energy fr the vehicle. New energy vehicles can be divided int several categries, such-as pure electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, hybrid(混合动力) vehicles, and s n. In additin, new energy vehicles have the advantage f lw energy cnsumptin and lw-carbn envirnmental prtectin.”（新能源汽车是一种使用清洁能源的汽车，使用新能源作为汽车常用的燃料，为汽车提供驱动能量。新能源汽车可以分为几类，如纯电动汽车、燃料电池电动汽车、混合动力汽车等。此外，新能源汽车具有低能耗、低碳环保的优势。）可知，本段是从 definitin, categry, advantage（定义、类别及优势）三个方面来阐述的新能源汽车。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Hwever, althugh new energy vehicles fllw the cncept f sustainable develpment, there are still many prblems and challenges in the develpment f new energy vehicle research and prductin. Fr instance, many issues require specialist technicians and slutins, and further breakthrughs are needed in key technlgy areas. In additin, the efficiency f new energy use needs t be further imprved, making it difficult t frm an industrial-scale peratin in a shrt perid.”（然而，新能源汽车虽然遵循可持续发展的理念，但在新能源汽车研发和生产的发展中仍存在许多问题和挑战。例如，许多问题需要专门的技术人员和解决方案，关键技术领域需要进一步突破。此外，新能源利用效率有待进一步提高，难以在短时间内形成工业规模经营）推知，新能源汽车目前虽然取得了一定的成就，但仍然需要进一步探索和研究。故选B项。
5.【2023届青海省西宁市高三上学期一模】
Israeli researchers say they have invented a reusable face mask that can kill the crnavirus with heat by drawing pwer frm a mbile phne charger.
The disinfecting (消毒) prcess takes abut half an hur—and users shuld nt wear the mask while it is plugged in, said Prfessr Yair Ein-Eli, wh led the research team at Technin University in Haifa. The new mask has a USB prt that cnnects t a pwer surce such as a standard cell-phne charger that heats an inner layer f carbn fibres t 70 degrees Celsius, high enugh t kill viruses.
Ein-Eli said dispsable masks were nt ecnmically r envirnmentally friendly. “Yu have t make it reusable and friendly, and this is ur slutin,” he said.
Prfessr Alln Mses, an infectius diseases expert at Jerusalem’s Hadassah Medical Center, said there was “n questin” that a half hur’s expsure t 70-degrce heat wuld kill the crnavirus. But he cautined that repeated heating culd “damage the mask’s paper r fabric and spil its ability t prtect frm diseases in the future”.
During testing, the prttype was expsed t 20 heating cycles, each fr half an hur, with n impact n durability, Ein-Eli said. “We can guarantee it up t a few dzen cycles, withut any risk,” he added.
The prttypc lks like a standard N95 face mask, with a valve (阀) at the frnt and bands t hld it in place arund the head. The researchers submitted (递交) a patent fr the mask in the United States in late March and say they are discussing cmmercializing the prduct with the private sectr.
1．Hw lng des the disinfecting prcess usually take?
A．Arund 20 minutes.B．Arund 30 minutes.
C．Arund 60 minutes.D．Arund 70 minutes.
2．Why d Israeli researchers invent a new face mask?
A．T kill viruses thrughly.B．T spread a nvel idea.
C．T replace the traditinal nes.D．T make reusable and friendly nes.
3．What was Alln Mses’ cncern accrding t the text?
A．The reusable face masks culd be unhealthy.
B．70-degree heat wuld hurt peple in a way.
C．The cst f reusable face masks might be high.
D．The functin f mask t prevent disease culd be affected.
4．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．A Mask fr Curing the Crnavirus
B．The Latest Style f the Standard N95
C．A Kind f Mask Killing Viruses with Heat
D．The Cheapest Mask Instead f the Standard N95
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以色列理工学院的科研人员近日研发出新型的充电口罩，这种口罩通过充电加热杀死口罩上的病毒。而且这种新型充电口罩既经济又环保。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“The disinfecting(消毒) prcess takes abut half an hur...(消毒过程耗时大约30分钟)”可知，口罩消毒过程大约花费半小时。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Ein-Eli said dispsable masks were nt ecnmically r envirnmentally friendly. “Yu have t make it reusable and friendly, and this is ur slutin,” he said.(恩伊莱说，一次性口罩既不经济也不环保。他说:“你必须让它可重复使用且友好，这就是我们的解决方案。”)”可知，科学家们发明这种新口罩，是为了让它们既经济又环保。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“But he cautined that repeated heating culd ‘damage the mask’s paper r fabric and spil its ability t prtect frm diseases in the future’.(但他警告说，反复加热可能会“损坏口罩的纸张或面料，并破坏其未来抵御疾病的能力”)”可知，阿龙·摩西教授担心的是反复加热对口罩预防疾病功能的破坏。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Israeli researchers say they have invented a reusable face mask that can kill the crnavirus with heat by drawing pwer frm a mbile phne charger.(以色列研究人员称，他们已经发明了一种可重复使用的口罩，可以通过从手机充电器充电来加热杀死冠状病毒)”并结合下文内容可知，文章主要围绕这种可通过充电加热杀死病毒的新口罩展开介绍。C项“一种发热的杀菌口罩”作为文章标题最佳。故选C。
Duglas Smith, n gardener frm Hertfrdshire. the U.K., recently set a new Guinness Wrld Recrd fr the mst tmates grwn n a single stem (茎), 1,269.
Up until last summer, the recrd fr the mst tmates grwn n a single stem had std unchallenged fr ver a decade. Then English farmer Duglas Smith set his sight n breaking it, thinking that he culd grw mre than 488 fruits n s single stem. He prved that last year, when he managed t break the ld recrd by grwing 839 tmates n a greenhuse -grwn plant. It was quite an achievement, but he was nly getting started, as nly a few weeks later Duglas Smith brke his wn recrd by grwing n less than 1,269 tmates n a single stem.
Is Duglas Smith a gardening addict? He spends up t fur hurs a day in his back garden tending his plants, and has been wrking hard n becming the best pssible gardener the wrld has ever seen. T maximize his chances f setting a new wrld recrd, he read varius scientific papers and even tk sil samples t be tested in a labratry. And in the end, they all paid ff.
“I am ver the mn,” Duglas said. “This year was nly meant t be an experimental year t see which varieties wuld prduce the mst fruits and we had t fight with early blight (疫病), which put paid t a number f ther tmat plants. I’m amazed by hw many tmates were n the plant in the end.”
Grwing 1,269 tmates n a single stem is nly Duglas Smith’s latest achievement. In 2020, he grew a 20-ft-tall sunflwer, and als set a new natinal recrd fr the heaviest tmat, with a 3.106 kg tmat. He likes t run little experiments n ther vegetables and crps, and he is currently experimenting n peas, aubergines and ptates.
1．What can we knw abut Duglas Smith frm paragraph 2?
A．He brke the ld recrd twice.
B．He had planted the best tmates.
C．He thught breaking the recrd was easy.
D．He had wrked t break the recrd fr a decade.
2．Which f the fllwing can describe Duglas Smith best?
A．Strict and tlerant.B．Attractive and brave
C．Patient and hard-wrking.D．Friendly and humrus.
3．What may be a challenge fr Duglas Smith t break the ld recrd?
A．A lack f mney.B．Skill shrtages.
C．Building a labratry.D．Dealing with the blight.
4．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．The recrd’s significance.
B．Duglas Smith’s next plan.
C．The details abut the heaviest tmat.
D．Mre infrmatin abut Duglas Smith’s planting.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了打破吉尼斯世界纪录的Duglas Smith种植番茄和其他植物的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“It was quite an achievement, but he was nly getting started, as nly a few weeks later Duglas Smith brke his wn recrd by grwing n less than 1,269 tmates n a single stem. He prved that last year, when he managed t break the ld recrd by grwing 839 tmates n a greenhuse -grwn plant.（去年他就证明了这一点，他在温室里种了839个西红柿，打破了以前的纪录。这是一项相当大的成就，但他才刚刚开始，因为仅仅几周后，Duglas Smith就打破了自己的纪录，在一根茎上种出了超过1269个西红柿。）”可知，Duglas Smith两次打破原先的世界记录。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段二三句“He spends up t fur hurs a day in his back garden tending his plants, and has been wrking hard n becming the best pssible gardener the wrld has ever seen. T maximize his chances f setting a new wrld recrd, he read varius scientific papers and even tk sil samples t be tested in a labratry.（他每天在后花园里花四个小时打理植物，并一直在努力成为世界上有史以来最好的园丁。最大限度地提高他创造新世界纪录的机会，他阅读了各种科学论文，甚至取了土壤样本在实验室进行测试。）”可知，愿意花数个小时打理植物，并努力阅读相关论文的Duglas Smith是一个很有耐心很勤奋的人。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段他说的话“This year was nly meant t be an experimental year t see which varieties wuld prduce the mst fruits and we had t fight with early blight (疫病), which put paid t a number f ther tmat plants.（今年只是一个试验性的一年，看看哪些品种会结出最多的果实，我们必须与早期疫病作斗争，这毁掉了许多其他番茄苗。）”可知，导致很多番茄苗被毁掉的疫病是他面临的挑战。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句“He likes t run little experiments n ther vegetables and crps, and he is currently experimenting n peas, aubergines and ptates.（他喜欢在其他蔬菜和作物上做一些小实验，目前他正在豌豆、茄子和土豆上做实验。）”，可知这一段谈及番茄之外其他的一些植物种植情况。故选D项。
2.【湖北省宜城一中、枣阳一中等六校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】B
Just as the shiny brchure prmised, frm the mment I set ft n the Harvard campuslast fall, I was expsed t an exciting andenlightening new wrld.
I was brn and raised 1, 500 miles away, in a small apartment in Jacksn, Mississippi. I am the nly child, s my mther verpwered me with her lve. Fr smene wh sees s much beauty in the wrld, she wrked awfullyhard t prtect me frm it. Televisin, rap music, and even basketball with the kids n the blck was beynd cnsideratin. It left me a bit bitter as a teenager, but I grew t appreciate her enrmus sacrifices(牺牲) — walking me t the library every afternn, labring at multiple jbs t keep fd n the table, and telling me stries late int the night.
When I annunced the summer befre my senir year f high schl that I had decided t apply t Harvard, I nticed her hesitant lk befre a warm smile envelped her face. I pretended nt t see, but I was never able t frget it. I tried t explain my reasns fr wanting t leave-t prve I was smart enugh, fear f taking the path f least resistance, the classic teenage feeling f being trapped — but the wrds just made me sund shallw and ungrateful.
Nevertheless, I began t wrk n the cllege applicatins-an early ne fr Harvard and rughly a dzen thers standing by. I knew the chance f getting int Harvard was nt in my favr. T my jy, I was infrmed f my acceptance int Harvard three days befre my birthday. That night, after all f the celebratry texts and hugs, I sat in my rm and began t cry uncntrllably.
Over the curse f this year, I have changed in ways I never anticipated. I think I knw nw why my mther let me g. Harvard has frced me t grw and take a fair lk at the wrld, and at myself. Needless t say, I wuld nt trade the experience fr anything.
1．The underlined wrd in Paragraph 2 mst prbably means ________.
A．made a difference tB．made peace with
2．What was the mther’s first respnse t the authr’s decisin?
A．She was wrried abut it.B．She laughed at it.
C．She apprved f it immediately.D．She turned a deaf ear t it.
3．What did the authr say abut his admissin t Harvard?
A．It deserved a big celebratin.B．It served as a late birthday present.
C．It was beynd his expectatins.D．It was a favr he wed his mther.
4．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Lifelng Learning in Harvard
B．Reflectins n the Rad t Harvard
C．What Harvard Means t My Mther and Me
D．Hw Harvard Shapes My Teenage Years
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了作者的哈佛求学之路以及自己的思考。
1．词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词后“Fr smene wh sees s much beauty in the wrld, she wrked awfully hard t prtect me frm it. Televisin, rap music, and even basketball with the kids n the blck was beynd cnsideratin.(作为一个能看到世界上这么多美好事物的人，她却非常努力地保护我不受它的伤害。看电视、听说唱音乐，甚至和街区里的孩子们一起打篮球都是不可能的)”可推知，母亲对作者的管教很严格，所以画线词所在句意为“我是独生子，所以我的母亲用她的爱控制了我”，verpwered意为“控制”。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When I annunced the summer befre my senir year f high schl that I had decided t apply t Harvard, I nticed her hesitant lk befre a warm smile envelped her face.(在我升入高三的那个夏天，我告诉母亲我决定申请去哈佛念书，我察觉到母亲脸上那一丝犹豫，尽管那很快就被温暖的笑容所掩盖)”可知，母亲对作者的决定的第一反应是担心。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“I knew the chance f getting int Harvard was nt in my favr. T my jy, I was infrmed f my acceptance int Harvard three days befre my birthday.(我知道进入哈佛的胜算并不是我能决定的。令我高兴的是，在我生日的前三天，我被哈佛录取了)”可知，被哈佛大学录取超出了作者的预料。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“Harvard has frced me t grw and take a fair lk at the wrld, and at myself. Needless t say, I wuld nt trade the experience fr anything.(哈佛迫使我成长，让我以公正的眼光看待这个世界和我自己。不用说，我不会拿这段经历换任何东西)”可知，文章主要介绍了作者的哈佛求学之路以及自己的思考。故选B。
3.【河南省新乡市2023届高三上学期第一次模拟】D
One f the mst cmmn beliefs amng researchers is that humans first arrived in Nrth America 16,000 years ag. Accrding t a recent fssil discvery, that might nt be true. The new finding suggests that humans might have arrived in Nrth America far earlier.
In 2013, a damaged mammth (猛犸象) skull and ther bnes that lked “deliberately brken” were fund. The damage t the bnes suggested that humans were the nes wh caused it t make tls. Carbn- dating analysis suggested the pieces are rughly 37 ,000 years ld. This discvery culd shift ur understanding f humans ‘earliest existence in Nrth America. These fssils suggest humans killed animals in the area much earlier than 16, 000 years ag.
Previus research led scientists t believe the first humans that settled in Nrth America belnged t the Clvis culture. This was a grup f peple wh left behind carefully made tls 16,000 years ag. Hwever, carbn-dating analysis f the mammth bnes indicates that the site is arund 36, 250 t 38, 900 years ld. That means it’s the ldest knwn site left behind by ancient humans in Nrth America.
“That’s nt the nly interesting thing abut the discvery,” said Timthy Rwe, a prfessr at the University f Texas. “The similar findings supprting an earlier date fr human arrival have been mstly ignred. This is because they have cntradicted previus research.”
Nw, hwever, he thinks there’s a gd chance that researchers will find evidence f humans farther back in time.
The early humans shaped bnes int sharp blades, which were used t take apart animals’ remains, accrding t Rwe. There are als signs that they cked the animal bnes ver a fire t melt ff the fat. “The real evidence that we have has t d with the breakage patterns, and hw thrugh they are. They must have used rcks r hammer stnes t bust the skeletn apart... These peple wuld use whatever they culd,” Rwe tld USA Tday.
1．What can be learnt abut the earliest humans in Nrth America?
A．They arrived there 16,000 years ag.B．They caused mammth t disappear.
C．They belnged t the Clvis culture.D．They culd make tls with bnes.
2．Why are the findings similar t the new ne ignred?
A．They lack a gd chance.B．They fail t draw attentin.
C．They disagree with earlier research.D．They aren’t studied scientifically.
3．Hw des Rwe find the new discvery?
A．Inspiring.B．Annying.C．Puzzling.D．Embarrassing.
4．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Earliest Humans’ Settling in Nrth America
B．Evidence f Earlier Humans’ Arrival in Nrth America
C．The Earliest Tl Makers in Nrth America
D．Research n Mammths in Nrth America
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新的研究表明人类远早于16000年前就到达了北美。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The damage t the bnes suggested that humans were the nes wh caused it t make tls.(骨头上的损伤表明是人类制造的工具造成的 )”可知，北美洲最早的人类可以用骨头制作工具。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段的“The similar findings supprting an earlier date fr human arrival have been mstly ignred. This is because they have cntradicted previus research.(支持人类更早到达的类似发现大多被忽视了。这是因为它们与之前的研究相矛盾)”可知，与新发现相似的早期发现被忽略是因为与早期研究相矛盾。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Nw, hwever, he thinks there’s a gd chance that researchers will find evidence f humans farther back in time.(然而，现在他认为研究人员很有可能找到更早以前人类存在的证据)”可知，Rwe认为新的研究很有可能帮助研究人员找到更早以前人类存在的证据。由此推知，Rwe认为这个发现是鼓舞人心的。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段“One f the mst cmmn beliefs amng researchers is that humans first arrived in Nrth America 16,000 years ag. Accrding t a recent fssil discvery, that might nt be true. The new finding suggests that humans might have arrived in Nrth America far earlier.(研究人员最普遍的观点之一是，人类在16000年前首次到达北美。根据最近的化石发现，这可能不是真的。这项新发现表明，人类可能更早到达北美)”和第二段的“This discvery culd shift ur understanding f humans ‘earliest existence in Nrth America. These fssils suggest humans killed animals in the area much earlier than 16, 000 years ag.(这一发现可能会改变我们对人类最早在北美存在的理解。这些化石表明，早在一万六千年前，人类就在该地区捕杀动物)”可知，本文主要介绍新的研究表明人类远早于16000年前就到达了北美。B项“早期人类到达北美的证据”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
4.【河北省唐山市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期12月月考】C
The universe is incredibly vast. The diameter (直径) f the bservable universe is estimated t be abut 93 billin light years acrss. With just ur eyes, we can generally nly see a few thusand light years wrth f distance thugh there are sme bjects we can see that are much further away. The farthest bject we can see with ur eyes is Andrmeda Galaxy (仙女座星系) lcated 2.5 millin light years away, and yet it is nly visible if there is little light pllutin. In rder t see farther int space, we must rely n telescpes. Hw far can we see using the mst pwerful telescpes?
The Hubble Space Telescpe (HST) was the recrd hlder fr the farthest visible distance in space until the launch f the James Webb Space Telescpe (JWST) in 2021. JWST is nw the mst pwerful telescpe ever built, and it is able t see the universe as it was nly 200 millin years after the Big Bang. That means that JWST is able t piece tgether an additinal 300 millin years f universal histry cmpared t HST. JWST will be able t study sme f the first galaxies t frm after the Big Bang.
The farthest physical distance we can see is the Csmic Micrwave Backgrund Radiatin (CMBR). CMBR can be thught f as the ech (回声) f the Big Bang as it is the leftver radiatin frm the birth f the universe. The CMBR itself is the farthest pssible distance humans can see as it represents the mment that the universe became transparent t light. Althugh light did exist befre CMBR, gas and dust were simply t dense fr light t crss space. CMBR frmed nly 380,000 years after the Big Bang, and s we are seeing the universe prir t the frmatin f even the first stars.
1．Why des the authr mentin Andrmeda Galaxy?
A．T present the rigin f the universe.
B．T stress the severity f space pllutin.
C．T shw the limited range f human visin.
D．T prve humans' wnderful view f space.
2．What d we knw abut JWST?
A．It was launched in 2022.
B．It is mre advanced than HST.
C．It can see 300 millin years after the Big Bang.
D．It was used t study the frmatin f the first galaxies.
3．What des the underlined wrd "dense" in the last paragraph mean?
A．Distant.B．Rare.
C．Tiny.D．Thick.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Hw Far Can Humans See In Space?B．Hw Will JWST Be Applied?
C．Hw Will Humans Explre Space?D．Hw Far Can JWST See?
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了我们用肉眼观察到的宇宙范围十分有限，但是在太空望远镜的帮助下可以看到大爆炸后形成的第一批星系。
1．目的意图题。根据文章第一段中“With just ur eyes, we can generally nly see a few thusand light years wrth f distance.(仅凭我们的眼睛，我们通常只能看到几千光年的距离。)”以及“In rder t see farther int space, we must rely n telescpes. Hw far can we see using the mst pwerful telescpes?(为了看得更远的太空，我们必须依靠望远镜。使用最强大的望远镜，我们能看到多远?)”可知，作者提到仙女座星系是想表达肉眼可见范围十分有限，故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The Hubble Space Telescpe (HST) was the recrd hlder fr the farthest visible distance in space until the launch f the James Webb Space Telescpe (JWST) in 2021.(在2021年詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）发射之前，哈勃太空望远镜（HST）一直是太空最远可见距离的纪录保持者。)”及“That means that JWST is able t piece tgether an additinal 300 millin years f universal histry cmpared t HST. JWST will be able t study sme f the first galaxies t frm after the Big Bang.( 这意味着与HST相比，JWST能够再拼凑3亿年的普世历史。)”可知，JWST(詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜)比HST(哈勃太空望远镜)更先进可以观测到更远的范围，故选B。
3．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Althugh light did exist befre CMBR, gas and dust were simply t dense fr light t crss space(虽然光在宇宙微波背景辐射之前就已经存在，但气体和尘埃的密度太大，光无法穿过空间。)”以及结合光无法穿过空间可知，是因为气体和尘埃的原因，光无法穿过的可能性是气体和尘埃密度太大，故选D。
4．标题判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Hw far can we see using the mst pwerful telescpes?(使用最强大的望远镜，我们能看到多远)”及各段大意，文章第一段主要讲述了肉眼可见最远距离，第二段讲述了新的詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜的优势，第三段讲述了我们能看到的最远物理距离。可知，文章主要讲述了人类可观测到的最远距离，故选A。
分层练B
1.【辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次考试】C
These days, there’s a green versin f just abut everything. There are cars that run n electricity and alternative fuels, huses that are pwered by slar energy and wind farms seemingly ppping up n every pen space frm Califrnia t castal Japan. Even drnes (无人机) ate getting in n the actin. The unmanned air vehicles are als being put t envirnmental uses arund the glbe.
The eye in the sky that they prvide helps researchers better understand what’s ging n with the natural wrld in which we live. Fr envirnmentalists and earth scientists, the flying machines can be sent way up in the air t recrd sweeping ftage f a large area t track the impact f things like climate change, migratin and the acts f cutting dwn and burning frest trees, which can be dne withut having t buy a helicpter, rent a plane r tape a vide camera t a bird.
Sure, there’s plenty f satellite ftage already ut there, but drnes let researchers accurately psitin the data set that they want t get a quicker, clser lk at the area that they’re lking t mnitr. In 2013, fr example, the Natinal Aernautics and Space Administratin (NASA) sent a drne int the Turrialba Vlcan in Csta Rica t gather data abut its emissins. The temperature, ash height and gas cncentratin infrmatin cllected during the missin helped earth scientists determine which way the vlcanic and ptentially pisnus gas erupting frm the vlcan was mving and take steps t limit its envirnmental impact.
Similarly, Arctic researchers are using drnes t help study temperature change and the melting f glaciers. They use drnes equipped with infrared (红外线的) cameras t sweep int places that they may therwise nt be able t reach t mnitr and cllect data n the melting ice. The same flying machines may als eventually be used t transprt ther data cllectin tls int the wild.
1．Hw des the authr lead in the tpic f the text?
A．By giving examples.B．By listing data.
C．By drawing a distinctin.D．By making assumptins.
2．What mainly makes drnes used t better watch nature?
A．The high safety.
B．The huge space.
C．The recvery capability after damage.
D．The ability t cllect data at a high altitude.
3．What d the last tw paragraphs mainly tell us abut drnes?
A．Their prductin steps.
B．Their practical functins.
C．Their ptential impacts n the atmsphere.
D．Their data set fr mtring the envirnment.
4．Which is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Drnes: PisnusB．Drnes: Ec-friendly
C．Drnes: LimitedD．Drnes: Adaptable
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了无人机在环境保护方面的应用。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“These days, there’s a green versin f just abut everything. There are cars that run n electricity and alternative fuels, huses that are pwered by slar energy and wind farms seemingly ppping up n every pen space frm Califrnia t castal Japan. Even drnes (无人机) ate getting in n the actin.”（现在，几乎所有东西都有绿色版本。从加利福尼亚到日本沿海的每个开放空间似乎都出现了使用电力和替代燃料的汽车、太阳能驱动的房屋和风力发电场。就连无人机也加入了行动。）可知，本段中作者列举了生活中随处可见的环保行文：电动汽车代替燃料汽车，太阳能驱动的房屋和风力发电场，引入了本文的话题。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The eye in the sky that they prvide helps researchers better understand what’s ging n with the natural wrld in which we live. Fr envirnmentalists and earth scientists. the flying machines can be sent way up in the air t recrd sweeping ftage f a large area t track the impact f things like climate change, migratin and the acts f cutting dwn and burning frest trees, which can be dne withut having t buy a helicpter, rent a plane r tape a vide camera t a bird”(它们提供的空中眼睛帮助研究人员更好地了解我们生活的自然世界正在发生什么。对于环境学家和地球科学家来说，这些飞行器可以被送到空中去记录大片区域的影像来追踪气候变化，迁徙以及砍伐和焚烧森林树木的行为，这些都不需要购买直升机，租用飞机或者给鸟类装摄像机。）可知，使用无人机可以帮助研究人员更好地了解我们生活的自然世界正在发生什么，可以在空中实现影像采集，追踪气候变化，动物迁徙以及人类对森林的破坏行为。故选D。
3．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段中“drnes let researchers accurately psitin the data set that they want t get a quicker, clser lk at the area that they’re lking t mnitr. ”（无人机可以让研究人员精确定位数据集，他们希望得到一个更快，更近距离地观察他们要监视的区域。）讲述了无人机能实现的功能。最后一段中“Similarly, Arctic researchers are using drnes t help study temperature change and the melting f glaciers. ”（同样，北极研究人员正在使用无人机帮助研究气温变化和冰川融化。)具体说明了无人机在研究气温变化和冰川融化方面的帮助作用。所以两段主要说明了无人机的实际生活中的运用。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章第一段中“These days, there’s a green versin f just abut everything.”（现在，几乎所有东西都有绿色版本。）“The unmanned air vehicles are als being put t envirnmental uses arund the glbe.”（无人驾驶飞行器也正在全球范围内用于环境保护。）同时根据本段中的举例，引出了文章的话题：无人机在环境保护方面的应用。第二段提到了无人机可用于观测自然的原因，最后两段阐述了无人机的实际应用。所以本文的标题应为：用于环境保护的无人机。选项B与文意相符，故选B。
2.【湖北省宜城一中、枣阳一中等六校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】C
Nearly 10 millin peple wrldwide live with Parkinsn’s disease. While Parkinsn’s is incurable, sme f its wrst symptms can be relieved and cntrlled using medicatins. A majr prblem f getting effective treatment at the right time is identifying the disease sn enugh, befre patients experience the symptms brught n by irreversible(不可逆转的)neurn lss.
But scientists might have just the thing t change the situatin. And it invlves a nse. In a study published in the jurnal ACS Omega, researchers frm China’s Zhejiang University created an “e-nse, ”a prtable device that can detect bdy smells specific t Parkinsn’s patients.
It may cme as a surprise t learn Parkinsn’s patients have their wn smells. But after a retired nurse in Sctland made headlines in 2015 fr a heightened sense f smell that led t her wn husband’s Parkinsn’s diagnsis, scientists have been trying hard t create a device that culd smell the disease befre physical symptms start t shw.
Over the years, scientists have fund peple with Parkinsn’s tend t prduce mre sebum (皮脂)than the average persn. This sebum mixes with ther verprduced substances t prduce certain, unique smells.
T track dwn these smells, the Zhejiang University researchers swabbed(用拭子擦拭)the upper backs f 31 Parkinsn’s patients and 32 healthy vlunteers. Using machine-learning sftware, they were able t identify three smell cmpunds that healthy vlunteers lacked. The researchers then tested the e-nse n sebum taken frm 12 Parkinsn’s patients and 12 healthy peple. The device was fund t be abut 71 percent accurate in distinguishing healthy sebum frm Parkinsn’s sebum.
These are encuraging findings, but befre the e-nse is ready fr clinical use, the team needs t test it n many mre peple t imprve the accuracy f the mdels. They will als need t test whether factrs like race affect the e-nse’s perfrmance in any way. But fr nw, as the number f peple living with Parkinsn’s in the U. S. is expected t rise t 1.2 millin by 2030, a nse might be the best ptin t detect this disease.
1．What makes it difficult fr Parkinsn’s patients t get effective treatment?
A．Its medicatins are in shrt supply.
B．It invlves irreversible neurn lss.
C．Its early signs are nt easy t ntice.
D．It’s nt a curable disease medically.
2．What did the Scttish nurse find?
A．Her husband’s bdy gave ff a strange smell.
B．Her husband had a heightened sense f smell.
C．A smell caused her husband t suffer frm a disease.
D．A smell culd relieve her husband’s Parkinsn’s symptms.
3．What will the researchers d cncerning their inventin?
A．Put it int clinical use.
B．Cnduct a brader test.
C．Create mre lab mdels.
D．Expand its market utside the U. S.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．This e-nse can smell Parkinsn’s
B．Parkinsn’s patients prduce mre sebum
C．Peple living with Parkinsn’s are n the rise
D．Researchers have fund treatment fr Parkinsn’s
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是患有帕金森病的患者在获得有效的救治之前往往很难发现早期的症状，针对于这个问题研究人员研发出了一种可以检测出患者在身体症状出现之前的特有气味的便携式设备——“电子鼻”。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A majr prblem f getting effective treatment at the right time is identifying the disease sn enugh, befre patients experience the symptms brught n by irreversible(不可逆转的)neurn lss.(在正确的时间获得有效治疗的一个主要问题是，在患者经历不可逆的神经元损失带来的症状之前，尽快确定疾病。)”可知只有尽快确定疾病，帕金森患者才能在正确的时间里得到有效的救治，所以可以推断出早期症状的难以发现使帕金森患者得到有效救治变得困难。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But after a retired nurse in Sctland made headlines in 2015 fr a heightened sense f smell that led t her wn husband’s Parkinsn’s diagnsis(但2015年，苏格兰一名退休护士因为她敏锐的嗅觉帮助其丈夫被诊断出帕金森病而上了头条。)”可知这名苏格兰退休护士发现她丈夫的身体发出一种特殊的气味。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“These are encuraging findings, but befre the e-nse is ready fr clinical use, the team needs t test it n many mre peple t imprve the accuracy f the mdels. They will als need t test whether factrs like race affect the e-nse’s perfrmance in any way.(这些都是令人鼓舞的发现，但在电子鼻投入临床使用之前，研究小组还需要在更多的人身上进行测试，以提高模型的准确性。他们还需要测试种族等因素是否会以任何方式影响电子鼻的性能。)”可知为了提高模型的准确性，在电子鼻投入临床使用之前，研究小组还需要进行更广泛的测试。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。文章第一段主要讲的是电子鼻出现的背景——帕金森病人在得到正确救治之前很难发现其症状，第二、三、四和五段主要围绕着电子鼻的研发，测试及功效展开，最后一段“These are encuraging findings, but befre the e-nse is ready fr clinical use, the team needs t test it n many mre peple t imprve the accuracy f the mdels. They will als need t test whether factrs like race affect the e-nse’s perfrmance in any way. But fr nw, as the number f peple living with Parkinsn’s in the U. S. is expected t rise t 1. 2 millin by 2030, a nse might be the best ptin t detect this disease.(这些都是令人鼓舞的发现，但在电子鼻投入临床使用之前，研究小组还需要在更多的人身上进行测试，以提高模型的准确性。他们还需要测试种族等因素是否会以任何方式影响电子鼻的性能。但目前，美国帕金森患者的数量预计将上升到120万。到2030年，电子鼻可能是检测这种疾病的最佳选择。)”向我们展示了电子鼻的使用前景，对全文进行总结。纵观全文，文章都是在围绕着一种能够测出帕金森患者身上特有气味的电子鼻展开，所以A项This e-nse can smell Parkinsn’s作为文章的标题最为合适。故选A项。
3.【河北省张家口市部分学校2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】D
When Anika Puri visited India with her family fur years ag, she was surprised t cme acrss a market in Bmbay filled with rws f ivry jewelry (象牙饰品) and statues. Glbally, ivry trade has been illegal fr mre than 30 years, and elephant hunting has been prhibited in India since the 1970s.
“I was quite shcked,” the 17-year-ld frm New Yrk, recalls, “Because paching (偷猎) is illegal, hw cme it is still such a big issue?”
Curius, Puri did sme research and discvered a shcking statistic: Africa’s frest elephant ppulatin had declined by abut 62 percent between 2002 and 2011. Years later, the numbers cntinued t drp. Puri, a wildlife lver, wanted t d smething t help prtect the species and thers still threatened by paching.
Over the curse f tw years, Puri created EISa, a lw-cst prduct f a machine learning-driven sftware that analyzes mvement patterns in thermal infrared (热红外) vides f humans and elephants. Puri says the sftware is fur times mre accurate than existing state-f-the-art detectin methds. It als eliminates the need fr expensive high-definitin thermal cameras, which can cst thusands, she says. EISa uses a $250 FLIR ONE Pr thermal camera with 206 * 156 reslutin that plugs int an ff-the-shelf iPhne 6. The camera and iPhne are then attached t a drne (无人机), and the system prduces real-time inferences as it flies ver parks as t whether bjects belw are humans r elephants.
Its ptential impact n sciety earned her the Peggy Scripps Award fr Science Cmmunicatin. “Research isn’t a straight line,” Puri says. “It makes me resurceful. It helps me develp int a mre creative thinker.”
1．What inspired Anika Puri t make the inventin?
A．One study trip t Bmbay.B．The deep passin fr law.
C．One visit in India. D．Her lve fr ivry.
2．Hw des the authr explain the situatin f Africa’s frest elephant?
A．By listing figures.B．By making cmparisn.
C．By shwing an example.D．By referring t sme frmer studies.
3．What’s the research like in Anika Puri’s eyes?
A．It’s tugh and can’t reach the gal.B．It’s beneficial t ne’s develpment.
C．It really requires a variety f resurces.D．It shuld be further develped because f the need.
4．What may be the best title f the text?
A．Paching Is a Shcking Prblem
B．Drnes Were Applied t the Ban n Paching
C．A Fantastic Discvery Was Eventually Made by a Brilliant Teenager
D．A Teenager Invented a Lw-Cst Tl t Spt Elephant Pachers in Real Time
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公Anika Puri 在与家人外出旅行中偶然间发现盗猎大象的现象，于是她通过观察和研究，发明了EISa软件来帮助保护大象。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“When Anika Puri visited India with her family fur years ag, she was surprised t cme acrss a market in Bmbay filled with rws f ivry jewelry (象牙饰品) and statues. Glbally, ivry trade has been illegal fr mre than 30 years, and elephant hunting has been prhibited in India since the 1970s.(四年前，当Anika Puri和家人一起访问印度时，她惊讶地发现孟买的一个市场里摆满了成排的象牙珠宝和雕像。在全球范围内，象牙贸易30多年来一直是非法的，自20世纪70年代以来，印度就禁止猎杀大象。)”以及第三段中“Puri, a wildlife lver, wanted t d smething t help prtect the species and thers still threatened by paching.(Anika Puri是一名野生动物爱好者，她想做点什么来帮助保护这些物种和其他仍然受到偷猎威胁的物种。)”可知，当Anika Puri和家人一起访问印度时，发现了市场里摆满了成排的象牙珠宝和雕像，由此激发了她要做点什么来保护大象。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Curius, Puri did sme research and discvered a shcking statistic: Africa’s frest elephant ppulatin had declined by abut 62 percent between 2002 and 2011. Years later, the numbers cntinued t drp. (出于好奇，Puri做了一些研究，发现了一个令人震惊的统计数据：2002年至2011年间，非洲森林象的数量下降了约62%。多年后，这一数字继续下降。)”可知，作者通过列举数字的方式介绍了非洲森林象的情况。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Puri says. “It makes me resurceful. It helps me develp int a mre creative thinker.”(Puri说“这让我足智多谋。它帮助我成长为一个更有创造力的思考者。”)”可知，在Puri看来，研究让她变得足智多谋，让她成长为一个更有创造力的思考者，即科学研究对一个人的发展是有益的。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了主人公Anika Puri 在与家人外出旅行中偶然间发现盗猎大象的现象，于是她通过观察和研究，发明了EISa软件来帮助保护大象的故事。故D选项“A Teenager Invented a Lw-Cst Tl t Spt Elephant Pachers in Real Time(一名青少年发明了一种低成本的工具，可以实时发现大象偷猎者)”概括全文，适合文章标题。故选D。
4.【安徽省皖北五校2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考】
In recent years, we have always seen different kinds f new energy vehicles n the rad frequently, but d yu knw anything abut them?
In the 21st century, with the increasing shrtage f resurces such as il and natural gas, the issue f nn-renewable resurces has becme a majr cncern. The traditinal industry uses mstly il as a fuel, and the carbn dixide prduced by burning il hurts the air. The vehicle emissins (排放) cntribute t glbal warming and ther pisnus gases cause serius air pllutin.
In respnse t the prblem f vehicle pllutin, cuntries and regins wrldwide are setting increasingly strict standards fr vehicle emissins. T cpe with the increasing severity f vehicle emissin standards, the majr car manufacturers(制造商) are nw mainly adpting methds t imprve the technlgy related t the engines f cnventinal energy vehicles. Althugh this has imprved the quality f emissins, it will be increasingly difficult t upgrade the technlgy. At this pint, the develpment f new energy vehicles has becme a new ptin fr manufacturers, as the prductin and use f new energy vehicles will fundamentally slve the prblem f vehicle emissins. Therefre, the develpment f new energy vehicles are a necessity and a general trend.
New energy vehicles are prpsed as ppsed t traditinal vehicles, which are mainly fuelled by petrl. A new energy vehicle is a type f vehicle that runs n clean energy surces, using new energy surces as the fuel cmmnly used t pwer the car and prvide the drive energy fr the vehicle. New energy vehicles can be divided int several categries, such-as pure electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, hybrid (混合动力) vehicles, and s n. In additin, new energy vehicles have the advantage f lw energy cnsumptin and lw-carbn envirnmental prtectin.
Hwever, althugh new energy vehicles fllw the cncept f sustainable develpment, there are still many prblems and challenges in the develpment f new energy vehicle research and prductin. Fr instance, many issues require specialist technicians and slutins, and further breakthrughs are needed in key technlgy areas. In additin, the efficiency f new energy use needs t be further imprved, making it difficult t frm an industrial-scale peratin in a shrt perid.
1．What des using nn-renewable resurces invite?
A．Harm t the planet.B．Lw-carbn life.
C．Less air pllutin.D．Shrtage f water.
2．Which can best agree with the cncept f sustainable develpment?
A．Imprving energy efficiency f traditinal resurces.
B．Replacing the engines f cnventinal energy vehicles.
C．Innvating vehicles related t renewable resurces.
D．Manufacturing mre cars and lwering their prices.
3．What des the furth paragraph talk abut cncerning the new energy vehicles?
A．The surce, fuel and advantage.
B．The definitin, fuel and prtectin.
C．The surce, categry and cnfrmatin,
D．The definitin, categry and advantage.
4．What is expected f new energy vehicles?
A．They shuld be replaced.B．Further explring in needed.
C．It is unnecessary t imprve.D．They call fr n mre energy.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述因传统能源危机及其使用过程中产生的危害促使人类开始对可再生资源和新能源汽车的开发和利用。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“In the 21st century, with the increasing shrtage f resurces such as il and natural gas, the issue f nn-renewable resurces has becme a majr cncern. The traditinal industry uses mstly il as a fuel, and the carbn dixide prduced by burning il hurts the air. ”（在21世纪，随着石油、天然气等资源的日益短缺，不可再生资源的问题已成为一个主要问题。传统工业主要使用石油作为燃料，燃烧石油产生的二氧化碳对空气有害）可知，传统的非再生资源会对地球造成伤害。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段的“ At this pint, the develpment f new energy vehicles has becme a new ptin fr manufacturers, as the prductin and use f new energy vehicles will fundamentally slve the prblem f vehicle emissins. Therefre, the develpment f new energy vehicles are a necessity and a general trend.”（此时，新能源汽车的生产和使用将从根本上解决汽车排放问题，发展新能源汽车成为厂商的新选择。因此，发展新能源汽车是必然和大势所趋）和最后一段的“Hwever, althugh new energy vehicles fllw the cncept f sustainable develpment(虽然新能源汽车遵循可持续发展的理念)”可知，开发可再生资源的车辆最符合可持续发展理念。故选C项。
3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“A new energy vehicle is a type f vehicle that runs n clean energy surces, using new energy surces as the fuel cmmnly used t pwer the car and prvide the drive energy fr the vehicle. New energy vehicles can be divided int several categries, such-as pure electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, hybrid(混合动力) vehicles, and s n. In additin, new energy vehicles have the advantage f lw energy cnsumptin and lw-carbn envirnmental prtectin.”（新能源汽车是一种使用清洁能源的汽车，使用新能源作为汽车常用的燃料，为汽车提供驱动能量。新能源汽车可以分为几类，如纯电动汽车、燃料电池电动汽车、混合动力汽车等。此外，新能源汽车具有低能耗、低碳环保的优势。）可知，本段是从 definitin, categry, advantage（定义、类别及优势）三个方面来阐述的新能源汽车。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Hwever, althugh new energy vehicles fllw the cncept f sustainable develpment, there are still many prblems and challenges in the develpment f new energy vehicle research and prductin. Fr instance, many issues require specialist technicians and slutins, and further breakthrughs are needed in key technlgy areas. In additin, the efficiency f new energy use needs t be further imprved, making it difficult t frm an industrial-scale peratin in a shrt perid.”（然而，新能源汽车虽然遵循可持续发展的理念，但在新能源汽车研发和生产的发展中仍存在许多问题和挑战。例如，许多问题需要专门的技术人员和解决方案，关键技术领域需要进一步突破。此外，新能源利用效率有待进一步提高，难以在短时间内形成工业规模经营）推知，新能源汽车目前虽然取得了一定的成就，但仍然需要进一步探索和研究。故选B项。
5.【2023届青海省西宁市高三上学期一模】
Israeli researchers say they have invented a reusable face mask that can kill the crnavirus with heat by drawing pwer frm a mbile phne charger.
The disinfecting (消毒) prcess takes abut half an hur—and users shuld nt wear the mask while it is plugged in, said Prfessr Yair Ein-Eli, wh led the research team at Technin University in Haifa. The new mask has a USB prt that cnnects t a pwer surce such as a standard cell-phne charger that heats an inner layer f carbn fibres t 70 degrees Celsius, high enugh t kill viruses.
Ein-Eli said dispsable masks were nt ecnmically r envirnmentally friendly. “Yu have t make it reusable and friendly, and this is ur slutin,” he said.
Prfessr Alln Mses, an infectius diseases expert at Jerusalem’s Hadassah Medical Center, said there was “n questin” that a half hur’s expsure t 70-degrce heat wuld kill the crnavirus. But he cautined that repeated heating culd “damage the mask’s paper r fabric and spil its ability t prtect frm diseases in the future”.
During testing, the prttype was expsed t 20 heating cycles, each fr half an hur, with n impact n durability, Ein-Eli said. “We can guarantee it up t a few dzen cycles, withut any risk,” he added.
The prttypc lks like a standard N95 face mask, with a valve (阀) at the frnt and bands t hld it in place arund the head. The researchers submitted (递交) a patent fr the mask in the United States in late March and say they are discussing cmmercializing the prduct with the private sectr.
1．Hw lng des the disinfecting prcess usually take?
A．Arund 20 minutes.B．Arund 30 minutes.
C．Arund 60 minutes.D．Arund 70 minutes.
2．Why d Israeli researchers invent a new face mask?
A．T kill viruses thrughly.B．T spread a nvel idea.
C．T replace the traditinal nes.D．T make reusable and friendly nes.
3．What was Alln Mses’ cncern accrding t the text?
A．The reusable face masks culd be unhealthy.
B．70-degree heat wuld hurt peple in a way.
C．The cst f reusable face masks might be high.
D．The functin f mask t prevent disease culd be affected.
4．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．A Mask fr Curing the Crnavirus
B．The Latest Style f the Standard N95
C．A Kind f Mask Killing Viruses with Heat
D．The Cheapest Mask Instead f the Standard N95
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以色列理工学院的科研人员近日研发出新型的充电口罩，这种口罩通过充电加热杀死口罩上的病毒。而且这种新型充电口罩既经济又环保。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“The disinfecting(消毒) prcess takes abut half an hur...(消毒过程耗时大约30分钟)”可知，口罩消毒过程大约花费半小时。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Ein-Eli said dispsable masks were nt ecnmically r envirnmentally friendly. “Yu have t make it reusable and friendly, and this is ur slutin,” he said.(恩伊莱说，一次性口罩既不经济也不环保。他说:“你必须让它可重复使用且友好，这就是我们的解决方案。”)”可知，科学家们发明这种新口罩，是为了让它们既经济又环保。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“But he cautined that repeated heating culd ‘damage the mask’s paper r fabric and spil its ability t prtect frm diseases in the future’.(但他警告说，反复加热可能会“损坏口罩的纸张或面料，并破坏其未来抵御疾病的能力”)”可知，阿龙·摩西教授担心的是反复加热对口罩预防疾病功能的破坏。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Israeli researchers say they have invented a reusable face mask that can kill the crnavirus with heat by drawing pwer frm a mbile phne charger.(以色列研究人员称，他们已经发明了一种可重复使用的口罩，可以通过从手机充电器充电来加热杀死冠状病毒)”并结合下文内容可知，文章主要围绕这种可通过充电加热杀死病毒的新口罩展开介绍。C项“一种发热的杀菌口罩”作为文章标题最佳。故选C。
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