Unit 3 Could you please clean your room知识点

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? 知识点 单元语法情态动词could的用法情态动词could构成的句型用于向对方委婉地提出请求或征求对方的许可。 用于疑问句中，可代替can，在时间上与can没有区别，但语气要比can委婉、有礼貌。 1. 委婉地请求别人做某事（提出请求） (1)句型：Could you do…? / Could you please do…?你能……吗? /请问你能……吗?(2) ①肯定回答：Certainly./Of course./With pleasure./ No problem./Yes, sure.②否定回答： No, I can’t./Certainly not./ No, I’m afraid I can’t. 例：—Could you please make your bed?  你能整理你的床铺吗？—Yes, sure.  好的，当然可以。2. 委婉地请求别人允许自己做某事（征求许可） (1)句型：Could I do…?我可以做……吗?(2)肯定回答：Yes, you can./Certainly./Yes, sure.  否定回答：No, you can’t./No, I’m afraid you can’t. 例：—Could I go shopping with my friend tomorrow, Mom? 妈妈，我明天可以和朋友去逛街吗？—No, you can’t. You should take your piano lessons. 不行，你要上钢琴课。Section Atake out表示“取出;拿出”。是“动词+副词”结构，如果take out的宾语是名词,该名词可以位于take和out之间,也可以位于take out之后。如果宾语是代词,该代词只能位于take和out之间。例：Please take out the old newspapers. =Please take the old newspapers out.   请把旧报纸拿出去。My wallet is in the bag. I have to take it out first. 我的钱包在包里,我得先把它拿出来。 2. as...as...表示“和……一样……”,as...as...之间要用形容词或副词的原级。 例：She is as tall as her elder brother. 她和她哥哥一样高。 3.(1)so,neither引导的倒装句 结构用法so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语当前面叙述的肯定事实也适用于后者时neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语当前面叙述的否定事实也适用于后者时例：—I don't like pop music.我不喜欢流行音乐。—Neither do I.我也不喜欢。 She hasn't read it and neither have I. 她没有读它,我也没有读。 She likes music and so do I.她喜欢音乐,我也喜欢。 （2）辨析：both,neither,either,all与none both意为“两者都”,用于两者之间,可以和and搭配,both...and...表示“……和……都”We both like apples and bananas。我们两个都喜欢苹果和香蕉。neitherneither是both的完全否定形式,表示“两个都不”。可以和nor搭配,neither...nor...表示“……和……都不”Neither the father nor the son is interested in the film. 父子俩对这部电影都不感兴趣。 either表示“两个人或物中的任何一个”。可以和or搭配,either...or...表示“或者……或者……;要么……要么……”Either you or your father must come here today. 你或是你父亲今天必须来这儿。 all意为“全部”,用于三者或三者以上的人或物We all like English.我们都喜欢英语。nonenone是all的完全否定形式,意为“没有一个”None of us passed the exam.我们当中没有一个通过考试。 4. 和“家务劳动”有关的短语有: 5.throw的常用搭配有: throw down扔下He threw down the book and went away.他扔下书便走了。throw at扔向;掷向She looked around the kitchen for something to throw at the lion.她环顾厨房想找些东西向狮子扔去。throw away扔掉;丢弃It is a waste to throw away good food.把好的食物扔掉是浪费6. all the time意为“一直;总是”,为固定短语。例：No one can be a winner all the time.  没有人能永远成为赢家。7.in surprise意为“惊讶地”,其中surprise是名词,意为“惊讶”,surprise还可以作动词,意为“使惊讶”。 例：She looked at me in surprise.  她惊讶地看着我。 Your story surprised me so much. 你的故事使我太惊讶了。 8. 辨析：borrow,lend与keepborrow表示“借;借来;借入”,指向别人借来东西,常见的搭配是borrow sth.from sb.lend表示“借给;借出”,指把东西借给别人,常见的搭配是lend sb.sth.或lend sth.to sb.keep表示“长时间地借用”,可以和时间段以及how long搭配例：Do you often borrow books from the library?  你经常从图书馆借书吗? Thank you very much for lending it to me.  非常感谢你把它借给了我。 —How long can I keep the books?  这些书我可以借多长时间? —For two weeks. 两周。注意：　borrow是短暂性动词,不能和时间段搭配,如果用在现在完成时中,和时间段搭配时要用延续性动词keep。 例：I have kept the books for two weeks.  这些书我借了两个星期了。9.as soon as意为“一……就……”，相当于the minute(that)引导的时间状语从句，如果主句使用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，即遵循“主将从现”的原则。例：He will go home as soon as he finishes his work.=He will go home the minute he finishes his work. 他一完成工作就会回家了。10. pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb. “把某物递给某人”例：He passed me the book.=He passed the book to me.他把书递给我。注意：当pass的直接宾语为代词时，只能用pass sth. to sb.结构。The cup is mine. Please pass it to me.(正确)The cup is mine. Please pass me it.（错误）11.短语归纳：(1)come over 过来；随便来访(2)do chores  干家务(3)in a mess  乱七八糟(4)get a ride  搭便车(5)go out for dinner 外出吃饭(6)stay out late 在外面待到很晚 Section Binvite sb. to do sth.表示“邀请某人做某事”例： They invited me to visit their factory. 他们邀请我参观他们的工厂。.2.in order to表示“目的是;为了”,后跟动词原形。in order to do sth.表示“为了做某事”,否定结构是in order not to do sth.“为了不做某事”。 例：We started early in order to arrive before dark. 为了在天黑前到达,我们很早就动身了。 He got up early in order not to be late for school. 为了上学不迟到,他起得很早。 3.provide是及物动词,表示“提供;供应”,后可接名词或代词作宾语,具体用法如下:4.depend on是固定短语,表示“依靠;信赖”,也作depend upon。例：Health depends on good food, fresh air and enough sleep. 健康依靠的是好的食物、新鲜的空气和充足的睡眠。 5.since作连词,意为“因为;既然”。 例：Since we have no money, it's no good thinking about a holiday. 既然我们没有钱,考虑度假并没有用。 拓展　since还有如下含义和用法: prep.自……以来He has eaten nothing since yesterday.自从昨天以来他没吃过东西。adv.从那以后I saw him in June, but we haven't met since.我在六月份见到过他,但从那以后我们未见过面。conj.自……以来He has been in the army since he left school.他自毕业以来一直在部队里。6.take care of意为“照顾”，相当于look after或care for。表示“好好照顾”要用take good care of，相当于look after…well。
例：I will take good care of your mother.我会好好照顾你妈妈的。7. as a result意为“结果;因此”例：Mike didn't give up his dream. As a result,his dream came true.迈克没有
放弃他的梦想。结果,他的梦想实现了。 8. while的用法 ：while 用作连词时,有以下几种含义: 释义用法例句当……时候引导时间状语从句While I was watching TV, the bell rang. 我看电视时,铃响了。虽然,尽管引导让步状语从句While he is in poor health, he works hard.虽然他身体不好,但他还是努力工作。而,然而连接两个并列分句,表示对比关系I like singing while she likes dancing. 我喜欢唱歌,而她喜欢跳舞。9. “the+比较级..., the+比较级...”意为“越……,就越……”。例：—How do you improve your English? 你怎样提高你的英语?—The more you speak, the better your English will be. 你说得越多,你的英语就会越好。10.Would you mind sb./one's doing sth.?是固定句式,意为“你介意某人做某事吗?”。例：Would you mind her singing in the room? 你介意她在房间唱歌吗？11. It's+adj.+for sb. to do sth. 意为“对于某人来说做某事是……”,是固定句型。例：It is important for all of us to take exercise.做运动对我们来说是很重要的。12. 辨析: spend, cost, take与payspend主语通常是人,常用结构:sb.spend(s) some time/money on sth. 某人花费时间/金钱在某事上;sb. spend(s) some time/money (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间/金钱做某事。cost主语通常是物,常用结构:sth. cost(s) (sb.) some money某物花费(某人)多少钱take常用it作形式主语,常用结构:it takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间pay主语通常是人,常用结构:sb. pay(s) some money for sth.某人为某物付多少钱例： Nowadays, many people like to spend time on the Internet.如今，很多人喜欢花时间上网The bike cost me500yuan. 这辆自行车花了我500元。It usually takes me an hour to finish my homework every day.我每天通常花1小时做家庭作业。Tom paid S200 for the coat. 汤姆买这件外套花了200美元。13．fall ill“生病” Be careful not to fall ill. 注意不要生病了.