【期末考点专题】人教版(2019)高中英语必修1：专题4.阅读理解、7选5串讲及精练

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阅读理解、7选5串讲及精练

一．细节理解题
根据题干中的关键词，回到原文定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出正确答案。因此，对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。但有些细节理解题由于命题人故意设置障碍，把有用信息分散在文章不同位置，有时又有转折、否定等，因此有些题目需要仔细地思考、对比、计算、对上下文关键信息把握和分析。尽管细节理解题相对简单，但不可掉以轻心。细节理解题常见的考查题型有：直接信息题、间接信息题、概括细节理解题和正误判断题。
二．猜测词义题
　　根据上下文猜测词义是阅读能力的一部分，也是高考阅读理解测试中重要的一项。要做好这类题目，考生要记住：在完整的语篇中，单词和词组的意义总是受特定的语境、上下文限制的，因此考生可以根据上下文，并利用所掌握的语法、词汇和构词法等知识确定它们的意义。词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。
By saying that “...” in the first (second ...) paragraph, the author means that ________.
In Paragraph ..., “...” can be replaced by “______”．
The meaning of “...” in Paragraph ... is related to ________.
Which of the following has the closest meaning to ... (Paragraph ...)？
As is used in Line ..., the word “...” refers to ________.
The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph probably means that ________.

三．推理判断题
解答该类型题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时，要据文推理、合情推理，不可脱离原文主观臆断。
推理判断能力的考查主要体现在以下几个方面：(1)根据所提供的事实和证据得出结论。(2)对语段的深层含义进行推理判断。(3)对语段的言外之意进行推理判断。(4)对文段的背景进行推理判断。
四．主旨大意题
是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。此类题目可分为三大类，即标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。要做好主旨大意题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征。
正确选项特征
干扰选项特征
1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。
2.确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。
3.精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
1.过于笼统，不知所云
所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容。
2.以偏概全，主次不分
所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。
3.移花接木，偷换概念
所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。
4.无中生有，生搬硬套
所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。

随堂练习
一
(2022-2023学年福建省福州第一中学)
C
Nowadays, handwriting seems to become less necessary, for young children learn to tap and touch screens before they have even learned to pick up a pencil or tie their shoelaces. Most of our written communication is done through texting on mobile phones or typing on a keyboard. And voice recognition softwares are becoming more and more advanced —making even keyboards unnecessary!
So, are handwriting skills important to your child? Actually, handwriting is an exercise in eye-hand coordination (协调), an important part of visual-motor (视觉运动) skills, which are connected with achievements in study. Scientists found that developing fine visual-motor skills in early childhood can lead to not only writing success, but better performance in reading and math in elementary school. It was also found that kids who fail to write neatly and efficiently are often accused of being lazy, and this may affect their behavior and self-worth. Moreover, a study showed that when a group of children were asked to come up with ideas for an article, the ones with better handwriting were more active and had quicker minds. In some ways, handwriting helps their brains’ development.
The first attempts at writing can be challenging for pre-school children —whose fine motor skills are not yet fully developed. But some skills to prepare for handwriting are simple to build at home and in preschool. Parents should provide lots of opportunities for kids to copy and draw shapes and simple pictures in early childhood before letters are introduced. Let your child copy your shapes in sand, or with chalks on a board before trying to draw the shapes on their own. Encourage your child to spend less time on electronic devices and more time on activities to improve eye-hand coordination.
Let’s face it —technology is certain to continue developing and more research is needed to find the best ways to teach handwriting to young children. But, there’s plenty of evidence that the handwriting practice can provide young children with a good start in developing skills needed for a healthy and successful journey in school.
8. According to Paragraph 1, handwriting is ________.
A. easy to learn on a touch screen B. used less frequently now
C. more difficult than typewriting D. totally replaced by softwares
9. How does the author explain the benefits of handwriting?
A. By presenting some research findings.
B. By mentioning examples of the kids around him.
C. By giving some news reports on hand-writing.
D. By providing data about pupils with good grades.
10. What does the author suggest parents do?
A. Keep young children away from electronic devices.
B. Teach pre-school children to write letters with chalks.
C. Help children get ready for handwriting before school.
D. Encourage children to face writing challenges bravely.
11. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Does poor handwriting really mean being lazy?
B. Should handwriting be taken seriously in children’s growth?
C. How can handwriting affect children’s self-confidence?
D. Should homework be done through handwriting or typewriting?
D
Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons — for example, economic reasons — why they should be preserved. So, let us assume（假设）that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed?
In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not affect its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area.
It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative and do not like change.
Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice.
12. What does the author say about historical buildings in Paragraph 1?
A. Some of them are not attractive.
B. Most of them are too expensive to preserve.
C. They are more pleasing than modern buildings.
D. They have nothing to do with the historic feel of an area.
13. Which of the following is true according to the author?
A We should reproduce the same old buildings.
B. In no way should buildings affect the surroundings.
C. Some old buildings have ruined the area they are in.
D. Nobody knows why people speak against new buildings.
14. By "move things forward" in the last paragraph, the author probably means ________.
A. destroy old buildings B. put things in a different place
C. choose new architectural styles D. respect people's feelings for historical buildings
15. What is the main purpose of the passage ?
A. To explain why people dislike change.
B To warn that we could end up living in caves.
C. To admit how new buildings have ruined their surroundings.
D. To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.
二
(2022-2023学年福建师范大学附属中学)
C
Intelligence could play a role, according to a Michigan State University study that investigated the early stages of learning to play the piano. Published in the journal Intelligence, the study may be the first to examine the relationship between intelligence, music talent and growth mindset (referring to whether students believe they can improve basic abilities
“The strongest predictor of skill acquisition is intelligence, followed by music talent,” said Alexander Burgoyne, the leader of the study. “By contrast, the relevance between growth mindset and piano performance is about us close to zero as possible.”
In the study, 161 undergraduates were taught how to play “Happy Birthday” on the piano with the help of a video guide. There were striking differences in the students' skill acquisition process. Some learned quickly, earning perfect marks within six minutes of practice. Others performed poly at first but improved considerably later. By comparison, some seemed to have lost their motivation and others never figured it out, performing poly throughout the study. So why did some students fail while others succeeded? To find out, the researchers gave the students some tests that measured things like problem-solving skills and processing speed, and tests of music talent that measured. They also surveyed their growth mindset.
Burgoyne said “The results were surprising, because people had previously claimed that mindset plays an important role when students are faced with challenges, like trying to learn a new musical instrument. And yet, it didn't predict skill acquisition. That said, results will possibly differ from those with greater skills.” He added, “Our study examined one of the earliest stages of skill acquisition. Early experiences can be important, but I would warn against drawing conclusions about skilled musicians based on our study of beginners.”
But applied generally, the study's findings may be helpful in education. According to a recent review of mindset research, interventions designed to gain some achievement by encouraging children to believe they can improve their basic abilities may be fruitless.
9. What does the study by Burgoyne intend to find out?
A. How students can play the piano best.
B. Why talent is essential as a beginner pianist.
C. What matters most in beginner pianists’ skill acquisition.
D. What causes the difficulty for beginners to learn the piano.
10. What does the study show about basic skill acquisition?
A. It has little relationship with mindset.
B. It requires outstanding music talent.
C. It requires fast processing speed.
D. It depends on problem-solving skills.
11. Which of the following might Burgoyne agree with?
A. Learning musical instrument isn't easy.
B. Interventions are necessary for learning.
C. Mindset is key to one's musical achievements.
D. His finding can't apply to skilled musicians.
12. What is the best title for the text?
A. Mindset—a key role in beginner pianists
B. Intelligence—a key role in beginner pianists
C. Talent—a key role in beginner pianists
D. Skill—a key role in beginner pianists
三
(2022-2023学年广东省惠州市)
C
The Sanxingdui Ruins site is one of the greatest archaeological (考古学的) discoveries of the 20th century in the world. It is located near the Yazihe River at Guanghan City, Sichuan Province and as Sichuan is where the ancient state of Shu (蜀国) was located, it is believed that Sanxingdui was the capital of the ancient “Shu culture”.
The site was originally discovered in the 1920s by a farmer. A huge surprise came in 1986 when two sacrificial pits (祭祀坑) filled with more than 1,000 cultural relics, including gold masks, bronze sacred trees, bronze ware, jade ware and ivory, were discovered by local workers excavating (挖掘) clay for bricks.
On March 20, 2021, officials announced that they had discovered six new sacrificial pits at the Sanxingdui Ruins site and have found nearly 500 important cultural relics to date. The finding quickly gained attention worldwide.
During about a year of hard work, nearly 2,000 cultural relics were unearthed in these six newly discovered sacrificial pits. In September, officials held another media briefing and announced the discovery of 1,771 cultural relics from the number three and number four pits, of which 557 relics were relatively complete and the rest are fragments.
Among the items, the gold mask is the most impressive. It was found in June. After restoration, it turned out to be the biggest complete gold mask found at the site, with fine texture and quality. Three bronze figures (雕像) with their palms pressed together and their heads twisted to the right, were also a unique find among Sanxingdui items in terms of their shape and decorative pattern.
Experts said that these new discoveries provided further material for studying the bronze casting (铸造) technology of the Shu people as well as their art, religious beliefs, social system and cultural exchanges with surrounding areas.
8. Who was the first to have discovered the Sanxingdui Ruins?
A. An official. B. A farmer. C. A worker. D. An archaeologist.
9. What does the underlined word “fragments” mean in paragraph 4?
A. Large items. B. Broken pieces. C. Good qualities. D. Impressive looks.
10. What makes the three bronze figures unique?
A. The religious symbols. B. The fine texture and quality.
C. Their size and material. D. Their shape and decorations.
11. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. The importance of the new discoveries. B. The further studies of Sanxingdui Ruins.
C. The casting technology of the Shu people. D. The cultural exchanges with other countries.
D
If you have a smartphone, you probably use its front-facing camera for selfies (自拍) and the occasional video call. You might use your next smartphone’s front camera for the same thing, but there’s a chance that the camera won’t completely turn off once you’re done with it.
This week, chipmaker Qualcomm revealed its latest Snapdragon processor (处理器), which will power many of the high-end Android smartphones that you’ll see in stores in 2022, including models from Motorola, Sony and OnePlus. And a new feature built into that chip could allow smartphone makers to keep those front-facing cameras on all the time in a sort of low-power mode, waiting and watching for a face to appear in front of it.
The idea of a camera that stays on as long as your phone does seems deeply unsettling, even in an age where people are convinced that smartphones are already overheard (偷听) on our conversations. So why is a company responsible for building the brains of our smartphones trying to make “always-on” cameras a common feature?
In time, a phone using this new chip could actually unlock itself when it sees your face, and automatically lock itself again when you’re not looking at it anymore. Or, if it sees someone else’s face next to yours, the phone could automatically hide notifications (通知) so no one else can see what your incoming emails or Slack messages are about. The benefit of a phone is that it knows to act differently when you’re not looking back.
As it turns out, the Qualcomm tech that could make such features possible is conceptually pretty basic. “What’s happening here is to find out: is there a face, or is there not a face,” Heape told me. “There is not a photograph taken. There is no video being recorded.” He also said that none of camera data leaves the chip when it’s being analyzed (分析) for faces.
12. Why does the author mention “selfies” and “video call” in paragraph 1?
A. To advertise a product. B. To draw a conclusion.
C. To make a comparison. D. To lead to the topic.
13. What is special about the latest Snapdragon processor?
A. It ensures a longer stay-on time. B. It prevents users being overheard.
C. It is fit for all Android smartphones. D. It keeps the front-facing cameras always on.
14. What may be people’s attitude to the new feature of the new smartphones?
A. Favorable. B. Worried. C. Positive. D. Critical.
15. What could be inferred from Heape’s words?
A. Smartphones with the new chip are safe to use.
B. Smartphones with the new chip will be popular.
C. Face analyzing data are kept through the Internet.
D. Private needs are considered to make the new features.
四
(2022-2023学年广东省中山市)
C
When everything is going wrong, there's nothing like listening to a few bars of your favorite sad song. But why do we find pleasure in sad music? This puzzled two researchers at the Freie Universität Berlin in Germany who set out to explore our strong feeling for sad songs in a world where entire industries exist to help us remove sadness from our lives.
Their study — based on a survey of more than 770 people around the world and published this month in the journal, PLOS ONE — discovered sad music can create positive emotions, like peacefulness and kindness, and that choosing the tearful ballad on your music player offers three benefits.
The biggest turned out to be that sad songs allow you to feel sadness without any of its “real-life contexts.” In other words, you can safely explore what it's like to be a little blue without experiencing the great pain of losing a loved one, for example.
“Emotion control” was another important benefit. Many of those surveyed said that when they were in a bad mood (情绪), experiencing sadness through music made them feel better afterwards and provided an emotional improvement. That may be because the songs help them to express and let go of their emotions, researchers noted. “Sad music promotes and creates a space for reflection and reexamination of personal experiences, thoughts and feelings,” one of the researchers added
The benefit of “empathy” (同理心) made the listener feel good by allowing him to share the sadness of another human being through the song. When we're having social problems, like when we're feeling lonely, homesick or missing someone, the sad songs can offer comfort by showing someone else shares our state of mind, the study found.
So it turns out that Elton John was right: Sad songs do say so much.
8. What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. When things go wrong. B. What to explore in sad songs.
C. Why sad music brings us joy. D. How to remove sadness from life.
9. Which of the following best describes the findings of the study?
A. Benefits of sad music.
B. Strong feelings in sad music.
C. Real-life contexts of sad music.
D. Empathetic comforts from sad music.
10. How does sad music achieve "Emotion control"?
A. By freeing us from bad moods. B. By bringing great pain to us.
C. By helping us reflect on exams. D. By providing a space for us.
11. Why is Elton John mentioned at the end of the passage?
A. To prove Elton John was right. B. To show Elton John wrote songs.
C. To make the readers think deeply. D. To stress the point of the passage.
D
English and Chinese have for a long time been the languages most studied around the world but the line up of other languages of study is ever-changing.
In 2020, Spanish overtook French as the second most learned language on the popular language learning app Duolingo. This could be explained by a number of factors. The Spanish-speaking community is increasingly influential in the US and Latin America is seen as increasingly influential worldwide. It could be that for many people in the US there's a practical need to speak Spanish domestically (国内地) that has overridden the wish to speak French for travel.
Asian languages are also increasing in popularity. There's recently been great interest in Japanese from China, as well as from some African countries including Chad and Ethiopia. We can mainly relate this growing interest to Japan's cultural output and general attraction to its unique culture. Not to mention the Olympics getting the interest of language learners from around the world.
What's striking is that Chinese is now a more popular choice than Russian for language learners.That's probably because the increasing global influence of China means it is seen as a more useful language to speak compared to Russian. Over 100 million learners are thought to be studying Chinese worldwide with interest from the UK, US, India and Africa. It's interesting to see a relatively new superpower overtake a more established one — in language terms at least.
It's hard to judge the cultural influence of a country but the number of people spending time learning more about it through its language is surely a sign that it is exerting influence.
12. What can we infer about Latin Americans?
A. They often travel to France. B. They mostly speak Spanish.
C. They influence the USA most. D. They learn the most languages.
13. What contributes most to the growing popularity of Japanese?
A. Culture. B. Tourism. C. The Olympics. D. The global influence
14. What is the author's attitude towards Chinese becoming more popular than Russian?
A. Interested B. Shocked. C. Proud. D. Anxious.
15. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Languages most studied B. The app most downloaded
C. Changes in language learning D. The battle between English and Chinese
五
(2022-2023学年广东省珠海市)
C
One thing that has always attracted us is the food taboos (禁忌). There is one that seems to be acknowledged in the West: the idea that seedless (无籽) fruits are dangerous.
For those unfamiliar with this belief, it seems to go like this. The basic function of fruit in nature is to spread the seeds of the plant to ensure the survival of the species. When fruits are seedless, however, it is meant to be a sign that they want to give up their basic function. According to more extreme views, these fruits not only have fewer vitamins and minerals, but also are actually harmful to humans.
In fact, from the view of science, seedless fruits are the result of a biological development. While it is true that this development can be the result of human actions, it also happens in nature all the time. Often, it is a combination of both.
What effect does the absence of seeds have on nutrition (营养)? Well, seeds do often contain nutrients like fibre, which can mean seed-containing fruits are a little bit higher in fibre. They can also contain potentially beneficial nutrients. This, however, will make a difference only when you eat up the seeds, bite them with your teeth and break the seeds in a digestible form.
Then there is the question of popularity. It doesn't matter how nutrient-packed a crop is if people are unwilling to eat it. While the nutritional difference between seeded and seedless is very small, we know that the sale of seedless fruits has greatly increased since seedless forms were introduced to the market. So when seen in this wider viewpoint, rather than being a loss for nutrition in our diets, seedless fruits have been a gain for us human beings.
18. What do western people with extreme views believe?
A. Seedless fruits are the result of a biological process.
B. Seedless fruits could actually do harm to human beings.
C. Seedless fruits could have more vitamins and minerals.
D. Seedless fruits could spread seeds to ensure survival of the species.
19. Which of the following is true according to this passage?
A. Seedless fruits existed due to human actions rather than nature.
B. Biting seeds of fruits can be helpful to your teeth more or less.
C. Seedless fruits have no difference from fruits with seeds in nutrition.
D. Many people choose seedless fruits after its presence at the market.
20. What is the author's attitude towards seedless fruits?
A. Uninterested B. Positive C. Negative D. Cautious
21. Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A. Well, Seed Or Seedless, That Is a Question
B. Yes, Fruits with Seeds Always Win Your Heart
C. No, There's Nothing Wrong with Seedless Fruits
D. Surprise! A New Study Supports Fruits without Seeds
六
(2022-2023学年山东省临沂市)
C
Power walking, also referred to as speed walking, is an aerobic (有氧的) activity that can be done just about anywhere or anytime. An individual (个人) who participates in the activity travels at a pace that is faster than walking but slower than jogging.
A proper technique when power walking includes taking small but quick pace and landing on the heels (足跟), with toes aimed at a 45-degree angle (角度) from the ground. Speed is produced by flexibility, not long pace. With each step, the walker rolls his or her feet forward and thrusts (猛推) from the toes to start a new step. This thrust gives a walker more force and power. With each step, the walker keeps his or her arms bent at a 90-degree angle while keeping a closed fist and making a curved move from the waist to the chest. The walker repeats the move while allowing his or her arms to swing, which helps to keep a light pace and uses more calories.
The aerobic activity provides many benefits (好处) for walkers. Power walking helps tone and build up muscles and burn calories. It can also help to control an individual’s weight and can enhance the immune system. The activity improves physical fitness, which may help lower the risk or injury; it also lowers stress levels, and can help provide a comfortable night’s sleep. Walking can also improve the cardiovascular system.
Before beginning the aerobic activity, an individual should check with his or her doctor. A walker should also make sure he or she has comfortable fitting shoes before engaging in walking. Shoes that are light and flexible can prevent soreness and tingling in the feet and toes. A beginner will often walk up to 30 minutes, while a person more advanced in the technique can engage in the activity for up to an hour.
8. What is the purpose of Para. 1?
A. To offer some questions. B. To provide some examples.
C. To explain what power walking is. D. To make a comparison with jogging.
9. Which of the following is mentioned in the text?
A. Landing on the toes first. B. Keeping the whole body relaxed.
C. Walking with small but fast steps. D. keeping his or her arms bent at a 45-degree angle.
10. What can we learn about power walking according to the text?
A. Anyone can do the sport. B. It can benefit body and mind.
C. There is no time limit when power walking. D. Sports shoes are a must when power walking.
11. From which is the text probably taken?
A. A health magazine. B. A travel brochure. C. A biology textbook. D. An advertisement column.

七选五
第一步：看位置----定类型
挖空位置
逻辑关系
具体解读
段首题
主旨句
常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现。
承上启下句
此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
段中题
例证关系
前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/that is to say等。
转折关系
若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转， 则空格处很有可能表示转折。表示转折关系的标志词语有： but, however, yet, while/though/although, or/otherwise, on the contrary, instead, nevertheless(然而), still, in contrast/comparison, by comparison等。
因果关系
表示因果关系的标志词语有：so, therefore, thus, consequently(结果), as a result (of), so/such ...that ..., so that ...等。
递进关系
若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个表示递进的句子。表示递进关系的标志词语有：too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, likewise, similarly, what's more, what's worse, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not ... but ..., not only ... but also等。
并列关系
表示并列关系的标志词语有：and, first(ly), second(ly); first, then/next; to begin with, some ... others ...; for one thing, for another thing; then/next, finally/last等。
段尾题
总结句
用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。
承上启下句
此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
第二步：由类型--定技法
主旨概括题
主旨概括题主要考查考生对文章或段落进行概括的能力，它要求考生在阅读文章时，能够提炼其中心思想，体会作者的写作意图，充分运用概括能力提取文章的主题、观点以及作者的情感态度。这类题常以考查段落标题为主，设题位置一般在段首，有时总结性的语句也会出现在段中或段尾。这类题有时也会考查整篇文章的主旨大意，即文章的主题句，一般会在首段设空。概括起来讲，命题人通常从两个方面设题：①概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句；②段落标题。
解答主旨概括题通常采用浏览的方式，即重点搜索本段的主题线索词并快速理清主旨大意，然后浏览选项，准确判定出与主旨大意匹配的选项。
[例]　
●__39__ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
A．You will stick to your diet.
B．Your quality of sleep improves.
C．You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D．There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E．You can keep your head clear for 4－10 hours after exercise.
F．After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G．If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you're doing it now, then listen up!
[分析]　设空位于段首，应为本段主题句。主题句一般是对上文或下文内容的总结，快速浏览本段，本段提到slept better, difficult to relax, a peaceful sleep，依据这些关键词汇可概括本段说的是晨练比晚上锻炼更能改善睡眠，因此选B。
语段过渡题
语段过渡题所涉及的句子是过渡句，具有承上启下的作用，该题型主要考查考生对篇章的理解能力和对上下文之间逻辑关系的分析能力。其设空位置比较灵活，可位于段尾、段首或段中。解这类题通常可采用位置判断法。
如果设空位于段首，要前瞻后望找提示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与之衔接，并结合本段内容，看所选的答案是否能将两段内容连贯起来。
如果设空位于段中，重点阅读该空的前一句和后一句，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案；如果还没有把握，再分析该段的中心句。
如果设空位于段尾，在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联时，可考虑与下一段开头之间的衔接。仔细阅读下一段开头几句，看是否能与所选选项紧密连接起来。
[例]　
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. __39__. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
A．While all of them are useful
B．Whatever you're looking for
C．If you're experimenting with a color
D．Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with
E．It's not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F．So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G．Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
[分析]　设空处在段中，所填句子应是过渡句。该空前一句主要内容是“medium color choices”，是G项中“small ones”的升级。该空后一句介绍了两种方式的颜色选择，与G项中的“two major ways”相呼应，故选G。
一
(2022-2023学年福建省福州第一中学)
Everyone will grow up. You are no exception, which means you are probably going through a lot of changes, all at once. You may find your body is changing. It may even appear as though your entire self is changing. That can be confusing and even scary. ____16____. And it’s good.
Growing up means that you can do more, learn more, and start to make your mark on the world. In order for that to happen, your body produces chemicals called hormones that help both body and mind grow. Hormone levels change constantly, rising and falling. ____17____ But it’s partly to blame for intense emotions, surprising reactions, and mood swings.
Because of the way your brain develops, it is somewhat ruled by emotion now and through your teen years. As a result, growing up can seem like an emotional roller coaster! ____18____
◆Take care of yourself. If you eat right, sleep enough, and get good exercise, your brain will be much more able to deal with the stress.
◆ ____19____ When you feel your moods swinging or you’re upset, or confused, some quiet time will allow you to gather your thoughts and get calmer.
◆Practice relaxing your body and deep breathing when you wake up and when you go to bed. ____20____ Plus, when stuff happens during the day, you’ll be able to calm yourself quickly with a deep breath or two before you react. Your body is changing.
A. Take a time out.
B. Take your mood swings seriously.
C. But the truth is, it happens to every teen.
D. This changing is needed for your body’s development.
E. It will help you fall asleep and start the morning right.
F. Here are a few things you can do to make the ride smoother.
G. Usually, these feelings settle down when you realize what is going on.
二
(2022-2023学年福建师范大学附属中学)
Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成) in teams. Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. ___13___Companies spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent?
___14___They focused on football, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. For football and basketball, adding talented players to a team proves a good method, but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent; above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon, the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调) their actions. ___15___In baseball, the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high, team performance will suffer when there is too much talent, while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team’s performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told, “There is no I in TEAM.” ___16___
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛), whenever a person is added, everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
___17___ An A-team may require a balance--not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.
A. It’s not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.
C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers’ attention.
D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
三
(2022-2023学年广东省惠州市)
How to Teach A Child to Ride A Bike?
You never forget how to ride a bike, but most of us forget how hard it was to learn. ____16____. Here’s what to keep in mind when instructing little ones from two feet to two wheels.
Begin with the right equipment. Start with a bicycle that’s the right size. A newbie should be able to sit on the seat with both feet flat on the ground. If the child has been using a bike with training wheels, remove them. ____17____. Long pants and long-sleeved shirts aren’t a bad idea, either, to prevent injury in the event of a fall.
____18____. Head to a location that has smooth, flat, open pavement and little or no traffic to distract or endanger your child. It helps if there’s no one around, too, so he won’t feel self-conscious. The ideal spot? A school parking lot on the weekend.
Emphasize the basics. The fundamentals of biking are balance, coasting, pedaling, and steering. To help a child learn these basic skills, remember to show how to do that in the flesh and dare to let him try. No doubt there will be more than a few stops and starts and maybe even a fall or two. ____19____.
Now practice a lot. After a fair number of dry runs, it’s time to move to the big stage. Find a bike path or a little-travelled street in a residential neighbourhood. ____20____. Bike along with him to check that he’s using proper safety techniques and feels comfortable pedaling in traffic.
A. Find a safe spot to learn
B. Go to practice with the child
C. Encourage him to slow down and go on
D. Show him how to share the road with cars
E. A good-quality, well-fitting helmet is also a must
F. That’s why the experience of teaching children to ride can be frustrating
G. But eventually, he will manage to ride a fair stretch without stopping or falling
四
(2022-2023学年广东省中山市)
Online scams (诈骗) are targeted at people from all walks of life. ____16____, and no one can stay safe without learning how to avoid them. Here are some of the tips to keep you safe from online scams.
1. Accept that online scams exist
Every time you start dealing with an unknown person or a contact online, you must consider it a possibility that you're dealing with a scammer. ____17____. Nothing in this world comes free, and everything has a price. So, if one fine morning you receive an email message about winning a million-dollar prize, chances are very high that it's an ugly trap.
2.Choose passwords carefully
You must choose difficult passwords while updating them from time to time. ____18____. And always avoid using the same password for different accounts.
3. Don't click what you don't know
A classic style followed by scammers is to send you Trojan horses in emails or messages. ____19____. In addition, you can use a Virtual Private Network that blocks access to bad pages and pop-ups.
4.____20____
If you ever have doubts in your mind about the intentions of an unknown person, you should first carry out an in-depth search online based on the basic information they share. If you ever receive a request for money from a friend, always call them up to check first.
A. Don't trust strangers
B. Dig deeper before continuing
C. Don't share private information online
D. All of us are equally open to online scams
E. Don't believe something that sounds too good
F. Thus, you must avoid opening anything you are not sure about
G. It's better to use a mix of numbers, letters, and special symbols
五
(2022-2023学年广东省珠海市)
How to Introduce Yourself in Class
Introducing yourself to a class, whether you are the student or the teacher, can feel frightening. _____22_____
Stand up when it's your turn to introduce yourself.
This will make you appear more confident. ___23___It may feel awkward to stand up, but your introduction will be over more quickly than you think.
Smile when you speak.
Even if you are super nervous, smiling will make your voice sound calmer and will help you mask that nervousness.___24___
Speak with confidence.
You want everyone to be able to hear you, so when you introduce yourself, do so in a clear, loud voice. ____25____
Give your name first.
It's helpful to give your first name, pause, and then give your first and last name, like “Hello, my name is June, June Thompson.” The repetition makes it more likely that others will remember your name.
____26____
If you are involved in sports or have pets or like to travel, the end of your introduction is a good place to give this information. You could say something like, “When I'm not studying, I like to train for and run in half-marathons.” This gives your classmates and teacher a memorable activity to tie to your name.
A. Share information about your family.
B. Here are some suggestions that can help.
C. Don't be shy or stare down at the ground.
D. That's because you are nervous before strangers.
E. Offer personal details, like hobbies or interests you have.
F. This will also help you speak more clearly than if you were to stay seated.
G. It also shows your classmates and your teacher that you are friendly and approachable.
六
(2022-2023学年山东省临沂市)
It is said that we are made of everything that surrounds us, which affects you in every possible way, physically, emotionally and spiritually. The surrounding things and people who have more good power will affect you in a positive way. ___12___ Here are a list of things that you can do to improve your surroundings and meanwhile improve your emotional and mental health.
Redecorate a little
It’s important to decorate (装饰) your own personal space again. You can change old furniture in your room and decide what to include in the working areas where you spend most of your time. ___13___
Include lots of colours
To make your surroundings more cheerful and exciting, the best thing you can do is add a lot of colours to your home. You can select a new colour for your walls. ___14___ These small things can greatly affect your environment and, in turn, your feelings.
Throw out useless/broken things
Now, change is not only about adding in but also separating yourself from the worn-out or unnecessary things. They do gather a lot of negativity into them. The clustering of objects creates a depressing kind of atmosphere surrounding you. ___15___ You will immediately feel more organized and refreshed.
Add vigor and vitality (生机)
___16___ Therefore it’s a wonderful idea to include some indoor plants into your home to add some positive atmosphere to it. Not only can green plants and flowers purify the air, but they can bring luck into your life. They are really like one of the best investments you can make in your health and mental peace.
A. Greenery and flowers will brighten everyone’s life.
B. You can shop for beautiful paintings or bed sheets.
C. Therefore, it is important that you choose them with great care.
D. So it is highly recommended that you put them out of your home.
E. By making minor changes in your behavior, you’ll get excellent results.
F. Some things have the negative energy reducing the positivity and happiness.
G. Once you do this, you’ll notice the difference in your feelings as you step in.