2022-2023中考英语必记句型 - 简单句的五种基本句型

简单句的五种基本句型

一、主语＋谓语(不及物动词)(S+V)

例句①My father exercises.我爸爸做运动.

②We run every day.我们每天跑步.

③The moon rose.月亮升起来了.

④The time had gone.时光逝去了.

注意(1)此类句型的共同特点是句子的谓语动词可以独立表达完整的意思,这类动词叫不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词(短语)或状语从句等.

(2)在这类句型中,“主语＋不及物动词”构成句子的主体部分.不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语,但是有时为了表示动作发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、地点、时间等,可以用状语来进行修饰.

二、主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语(S+V+O)

例句①She likes English.她喜欢英语.(名词作宾语)

②They want to go.他们想走.(不定式作宾语)

③He stopped writing.他停下笔.(v.-ing形式作宾语)

④She knows what to do next.她知道下一步做什么.(“疑问词＋不定式＂作宾语)

⑤They ate what was left over.他们吃了剩饭.(句子作宾语)

注意(1)此类句型的特点是,谓语动词都具有实际意义,为及物动词,其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整.句子的宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式、从句或相当于名词的词、短语来充当.

(2)有些不及物动词后面加上介词就相当于一个及物动词,后面就可以跟宾语了.

例句You must listen to me.你必须听我的.

三、主语＋系动词＋表语(S+V+P)

例句①This is an English-Chinese dictionary.这是一本英汉词典.

②The cake smells good.蛋糕味道很好.

③Everything looks different.一切看来都不同了.

④He is growing tall and strong.他长得又高又壮.

⑤The trouble is that they are short of money.问题是他们缺钱.

⑥Our well has gone dry.我们的井干涸了.

⑦His face turned red.他的脸红了.

四、主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)

例句①He brought you a dictionary.他给你带来了一本词典.

②She cooked her husband a delicious meal.她给丈夫做了一顿美餐.

③I showed him my pictures.我给他看我的照片.

④I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽车.

⑤I told him that the bus was late.我告诉他公共汽车晚点了.

⑥He showed me how to run the machine.他教我如何操作机器.

注意此类句型中的谓语为及物动词,后面跟两个宾语,被称作双宾语.一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者.一般来说指人的宾语叫间接宾语,指物的宾语叫直接宾语.通常情况下间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后;有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后,此时间接宾语前需加介词for或to.间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等;间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give, lend, teach, take, return, send, pass等.

例句①Uncle Li bought me a birthday present. = Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me.李叔叔给我买了一件生日礼物.

②Please pass him a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to him.请递给他一杯茶.

注意 若直接宾语是人称代词,通常情况下将其置于间接宾语之前.

误:Please give me them.

正:Please give them to me.

五、主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋ 宾语补足语((S+V+O+OC)

例句①They called him James.他们叫他詹姆斯.

②We will keep the table clean.我们将保持桌面干净.

③They painted the door green.他们把门漆成了绿色.

④What makes him think so?是什么让他这样想?

⑤We saw him go out.我们看见他出去了.

⑥He asked me to come back soon.他要我早点儿回来.

⑦I saw them getting on the bus.我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车.

⑧She is often heard to play the violin.我们经常听见她拉小提琴.

注意(1)在此类谓语动词后面,需要用一个宾语再加一个宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思.

(2)宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语.名词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词和介词短语都可作宾语补足语.

(3)一些感官动词(see, hear, feel, watch, notice等)和一些使役动词(make, have, let等)后接不定式作宾语补足语时,常省略to.但在被动语态中to不可省略.