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广东省华南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三英语上学期综合测试（一）试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份广东省华南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三英语上学期综合测试（一）试题（Word版附解析），共19页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
广东省华南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期
综合测试英语试题一
本试卷共10页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Do you remember the first stop-motion movie, with a galloping(飞奔)horse? Eadweard Muybridge made it in 1872, and the funny thing is—the first stop-motion movie was made because of a bet. The question was: do all four of the horse’s hooves (蹄)leave the ground at the same time at any point of the gallop? And Leland Stanford, the founder of the Stanford University, hired Muybridge to help him settle the bet.
Stanford claimed that, at some point of the gallop, all four of the horse’s hooves are in the air. Some of his colleagues took a common stand that one foot is always on the ground. It was a popularly debated question of the time, and it was Muybridge’s task to provide the answer using his photographic knowledge.
Now, you can imagine that cameras in 1872 couldn’t really capture the things moving quickly. Movie cameras still didn’t exist, so it was out of the question. So, Muybridge had to get creative. He experimented with a set of 12 cameras. He used them to photograph a galloping horse in a series of shots. His initial efforts seemed to prove that Stanford was right, but he still didn’t have the process perfected.
In 1878, Muybridge raised his creativity and skill on a new level. He set twelve wired triggers (触发器) connected to shutters (快门) for cameras. He placed them evenly along the race track to capture the galloping horse. As the horse galloped the race track, it set off the triggers and made every camera take a photo with less than half a second difference.
The photos showed that Leland Stanford was right, and obviously, he won the bet. But this invention was a winning situation for all of us. Muybridge later invented a zoopraxiscope, which was a bit like the GIFs that people now post on social media and is considered an early device for displaying motion pictures. Thanks to photography and his invention, the cinema was born.
1. Which of the following words best describes the invention of the first stop-motion movie?
A. Difficult. B. Unexpected.
C. Serious. D. Interesting.
2. Why did Muybridge have to be creative?
A. Because he was lacking in devices.
B. Because he was afraid of failure.
C. Because he was short of experience.
D. Because he was interested in experiment.
3. What can we know about Muybridge’s experiment?
A. Twelve horses galloped at the same time.
B. Muybridge invented GIF in the experiment.
C. One camera was used to take photos in the first attempt.
D. The triggers were set off by the horse in the second attempt.
4. What is the best title for the article?
A. A special history of cinema. B. A popular study about horses.
C. A bet inspired the birth of cinema. D. A question led to great experiments.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了第一部定格电影是由于一个赌局而产生的。同时介绍了该影片的拍摄者Muybridge以及他具有创造力的拍摄过程。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Do you remember the first stop-motion movie, with a galloping(飞奔)horse? Eadweard Muybridge made it in 1872, and the funny thing is—the first stop-motion movie was made because of a bet.(你还记得第一部有一匹疾驰的马的定格电影吗？埃德沃德·迈布里奇在1872年拍摄了这部电影，有趣的是——第一部定格电影就是因为一个打赌而拍摄的)”可知，第一部定格电影就是因为一个打赌而拍摄的。故对于第一部定格电影的产生是因为一个打赌而拍摄的，这是意想不到的。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Now, you can imagine that cameras in 1872 couldn’t really capture the things moving quickly. Movie cameras still didn’t exist, so it was out of the question. So, Muybridge had to get creative. (现在，你可以想象1872年的相机无法真正捕捉到快速移动的物体。电影摄像机还不存在，所以这是不可能的。所以Muybridge必须要有创意)”可知，在当时缺乏拍摄设备的背景下，Muybridge创作了此部电影。故选A。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“In 1878, Muybridge raised his creativity and skill on a new level. He set twelve wired triggers (触发器) connected to shutters (快门) for cameras. He placed them evenly along the race track to capture the galloping horse. As the horse galloped the race track, it set off the triggers and made every camera take a photo with less than half a second difference.( 1878年，迈布里奇将他的创造力和技巧提高到了一个新的水平。他设置了12个连接相机快门的有线触发器。他把它们均匀地放在跑道上，以便捕捉飞奔的马。当这匹马在跑道上飞奔时，它触发了触发器，使每个相机拍摄的照片相差不到半秒)”可知，相机的在线触发器是由马触发的。故选D。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了第一部定格电影是由于一个赌局而产生的。同时文章介绍了该影片的拍摄者Muybridge以及他具有创造力的拍摄过程。故C项“一场赌博激发了电影的诞生”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选C。
B
A character in one of Shakespeare’s plays once said, “Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them.” Any of these could apply to the modern-day sportsmen. Many still argue about the nature of talent. Some claim that people are born to be sportsmen, while others say it is only through devotion and hard work that they achieve their abilities. Arguably though, it is not until their talents are acknowledged (认可) by the public that they truly have greatness fallen upon them.
With this acknowledgement of their “greatness” come all the trappings of modern-day celebrity: money, power, influence and responsibility. For better or for worse, like it or hate it, modern sportsmen are the role models of children everywhere. These children will grow up admiring their heroes, devoting their lives to copying their every move, and wanting above all to be like them. Due to this fascination, particularly with the massive influence of the media, it is more important than ever for these sportsmen to acknowledge their responsibility.
In the past few months alone, there have been many examples of questionable behaviors from sports stars of the present day. They are often mirroring the very worst aspects of society, a fact that the self-righteous (自以为是的) anger of the modern press has been quick to point out. It would be wrong for us to expect sportsmen to be perfect. It would also be wrong for us to think that their behavior is markedly different from the sportsmen they grew up watching, but with the all-seeing eye of modern media it is a different world, and different standards must be expected.
Of course, there is no duty for sportsmen to be good role models. There are no prison sentences, no fines, no community service—unless their behaviors are illegal. Unless they break the law, it is entirely up to them as to whether or not they think their behavior is appropriate. Furthermore, measuring the true influence their decisions have on their followers is absolutely impossible. Some will rise against their idols, seeing them in a new light and criticizing their actions. Others may copy their heroes’ actions, using them as a shield when accused of the same crimes.
It is without doubt that the actions of sportsmen will influence the lives of those who worship them. Modern day sportsmen are almost ideals of today’s world, and their actions are watched carefully by millions over the world. Some may complain against it, denying their influence on these children’s lives. Others may be aware of it but not respect it, while many may both be aware of it and respect it. In a word, you do not choose whether you are a role model. All you can do is to decide how to act when greatness is thrust upon you.
5. In Paragraph 1, the author tries to emphasize ______.
A. sportsmen become great when their gifts are recognized by people
B. sportsmen achieve greatness through their devotion and efforts
C. different ways for sportsmen to achieve success and greatness
D. the core characteristic to become great sportsmen nowadays
6. According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that ______.
A. role models usually have positive influence on their fans
B. sportsmen have the right to behave freely within the law
C. all the fans will follow their heroes’ actions
D. no duty is given to sportsmen
7. The underlined phrase thrust upon in paragraph 1 most probably means ______.
A. put off B. removed from C. related to D. forced on
8. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To advise the media to choose proper events to report.
B. To inform the public that sportsmen are no role models.
C. To remind the sportsmen of their social responsibilities.
D. To argue that sportsmen should not be expected as heroes.
【答案】5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，很多有名的运动员成为孩子的偶像，他们的言行对崇拜他们的人有很大影响，因此应注意自身的言行，履行社会责任。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Arguably though, it is not until their talents are acknowledged (认可) by the public that they truly have greatness fallen upon them. (然而，尽管有争议，直到他们的才能得到公众的认可，他们才真正伟大。)”可知，第一段试图强调运动员的天赋被人们认可时才会变得伟大。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Of course there is no obligation for sportsmen to be good role models. There are no prison sentences, no fines, no community service—unless their behaviors are illegal.(当然，运动员没有义务成为好榜样。没有监禁判决，没有罚款，没有社区服务——除非他们的行为是违法的。)”可知，运动员有在法律范围内自由行动的权利。故选B。
【7题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线短语前一句“Some are born great，some achieve greatness(有些人生来伟大，有些人通过努力获得伟大)”可知，划线短语所在句“and some have greatness thrust upon them”是讲述另一种变得伟大的方式，应是“被迫变得伟大”，所以thrust upon意为“被迫，强加于”。故选D。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段最后一句“Due to this fascination, particularly with the massive influence of the media, it is more important than ever for these sportsmen to acknowledge their responsibility.(由于这种迷恋，尤其是媒体的巨大影响，对这些运动员来说，承认他们的责任比以往任何时候都重要。)”可知，本文主要讲述运动员成为很多人的偶像，他们的行为影响着崇拜他们的人，所以本文的目的是提醒运动员他们所承担的社会责任。故选C。
C
Washing clothes by hand sounds like a simple task, but for many women around the world it can do harm to their well-being and living. What would you do with your time if you could spend less time washing your clothes? “Paid work,” replied Aleas, a 49-year-old woman from a family of 10 with no access to an electric washing machine. She spent 8-12 hours every week washing everyone’s clothes by hand and described how the required body position of sitting on her feet caused her back pain.
Washing Machine Project provides low-income communities with an accessible washing solution. Its task is to help women save the time to take charge of their lives. “A mother or a child doesn’t have to spend 20 hours a week washing clothes by hand,” said Nav Sawhney, an engineering student at University of Bath in the UK.
Sawhney has created a movable washing machine that is operated by hand. He came up with the idea when Divya, a woman he met in southern India, explained the struggle of washing clothes without a machine. This burden is often shouldered by women and girls in many developing countries. Now, Sawhney’s washing machines, which he named Divya after the woman, could greatly reduce the time of washing clothes and allow women and young girls to receive education and have paid work.
After research in Iraq, Lebanon, the Philippines and Jordan, as well as India, Sawhney came up with a machine that uses only 10 liters of water every time, compared with 30 by a typical electric machine, extremely important in places where water is short. It’s also made out of things that are easy to get and replace, which means it doesn’t need much money to make it. Sawhney and his volunteers won the support of University of Bath, and already received orders from Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda.
9. What does washing clothes by hand mean to Aleas?
A. A hard way of making a living.
B. A simple method of killing time.
C. The tiring housework she has to do.
D. The family duty she volunteers to do.
10. Why was the washing machine named after Divya?
A. She inspired the invention. B. She helped with the design.
C. She was the first to order it. D. She thought up the idea first.
11. What can we learn about the washing machine “Divya”?
A. It is cheap and water-saving. B. It is mainly promoted in India.
C. It is shared by a community. D. It is free to use.
12. What is the main purpose of Sawhney’s washing machines?
A. To develop the market in developing countries.
B. To reduce women’s burden in low-income areas.
C. To take the place of traditional washing machines.
D. To wash clothes in an environmentally-friendly way.
【答案】9. C 10. A 11. A 12. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述洗衣机Divya由来。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“She spent 8-12 hours every week washing everyone’s clothes by hand and described how the required body position of sitting on her feet caused her back pain.(她每周花8-12个小时用手洗每个人的衣服，并描述了坐在脚上所需的身体姿势是如何引起背部疼痛的)”可知，对Aleas来说，用手洗衣服是她每周必做的很累的家务活。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Sawhney has created a movable washing machine that is operated by hand. He came up with the idea when Divya, a woman he met in southern India, explained the struggle of washing clothes without a machine. This burden is often shouldered by women and girls in many developing countries. Now, Sawhney’s washing machines, which he named Divya after the woman, could greatly reduce the time of washing clothes and allow women and young girls to receive education and have paid work.(Sawhney发明了一种手动操作的可移动洗衣机。当他在印度南部遇到的一位名叫Divya的女士解释不用洗衣机洗衣的困难时，他产生了这个想法。在许多发展中国家，妇女和女孩经常肩负这一重担。现在，Sawhney的洗衣机，他以这位女性的名字命名为Divya，可以大大减少洗衣时间，让女性和年轻女孩接受教育并有报酬工作)”可知，Sawhney把洗衣机以Divya的名字命名，是因为Divya对他发明洗衣机带来了灵感。故选A。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“After research in Iraq, Lebanon, the Philippines and Jordan, as well as India, Sawhney came up with a machine that uses only 10 liters of water every time, compared with 30 by a typical electric machine, extremely important in places where water is short. It’s also made out of things that are easy to get and replace, which means it doesn’t need much money to make it.(经过对伊拉克、黎巴嫩、菲律宾、约旦以及印度的研究，Sawhney发明了一种每次只需10升水的机器，相比之下，一台典型的电机每次需要30升水，这在缺水的地方非常重要。它也是由容易获得和更换的东西制成的，这意味着它不需要太多钱来制作)”可知，Sawhney发明的这款洗衣机省水并且便宜。故选A。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Washing Machine Project provides low-income communities with an accessible washing solution. Its task is to help women save the time to take charge of their lives.(洗衣机项目为低收入社区提供了便捷的洗衣解决方案。它的任务是帮助女性节省时间来管理自己的生活)”可知，发明洗衣机的目的是要减少低收入社区的女性在洗衣服上所花费的时间和辛苦。故选B。
D
Quantum (量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to tun climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep." What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum” stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand. And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016.Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype. but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin (幅度)”to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition“ by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
13. How does the author feels about Tobnson’s concerns?
A. Approving. B. Unconcerned C. Doubtful. D. Excited.
14. What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A. His dominance in physics. B. The competition in the field.
C. His confidence in PyQuantum. D. The investment of tech companies.
15. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
16. Which would be the best tide for the passage?
A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?
B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?
D. Will Quantun Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
【答案】13. A 14. C 15. A 16. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns.( 随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒)”以及最后一段“ But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.(但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样)”可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”(他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法)”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
【15题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because ‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.(但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西)”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。故选A。
【16题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction. This is the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson.”(现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火”)”以及最后一段“Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.( PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样)”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. ____17____ Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.
____18____ Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious when they’re in poorly lit places — and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
Mind the colors. ____19____ In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.
____20____ People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.
Downsize the dishes. ____21____ We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tail, skinny glass.
A. Slow down while cooking.
B. Don’t forget the clock or the radio.
C. Open the curtains and turn up the lights.
D. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.
E. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.
F. They depend on how much time you spend designing.
G You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.
【答案】17. G 18. C 19. D 20. B 21. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了房屋的设计和布置在一定程度上决定了你的体型。想要减肥，除了少吃外，还和房间有关系。本文给出了保持身材的四点有关家居设计的建议：1.房间要明亮；2.用冷色系会减少食欲；3.放一些舒缓的音乐就餐；4. 用小的碗碟。
【17题详解】
上文“Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.(专家表示，你的家居设计方式可能会影响你是增重还是减重)”提到家居设计方式影响你是增重还是减重，下文“Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.(这里有一些方法可以把你的家变成你饮食计划的一部分)”提出了一些使家居设计辅助减重的方法，故空处应是提及可以使用家居设计辅助减重，G项“你可以让你的环境为你服务，而不是与你作对”符合语境。故选G。
【18题详解】
空处是段落主题句，根据本段中“Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious when they’re in poorly lit places — and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.(黑暗的环境更有可能鼓励暴饮暴食，因为人们在光线不好的地方往往不太自觉——因此更有可能吃很多食物。如果你的家没有足够的窗户光线，买更多的灯，让这个地方充满光明)”可知，本段主要讲述黑暗的环境容易让人暴饮饮食，因此要让房间明亮一点，C项“把窗帘拉开，把灯打开”符合语境，故选C。
【19题详解】
根据下文“In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry.(在一项研究中，在蓝色房间里吃饭的人比在黄色或红色房间里吃饭的人少消耗33%。像黄色这样的暖色使食物看起来更有食欲，而冷色则使我们感到不那么饿)”可知，暖色能促进人的食欲，D项“研究表明，暖色能促进我们的食欲”符合语境。故选D。
【20题详解】
空处是本段主题句，根据本段中“Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.(开始记录时间，试着让晚餐至少持续30分钟)”及“If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music.(如果你需要一些帮助来放慢速度，打开放松的音乐)”可知，本段主要将要记录时间慢慢吃，还可以放一些放松的音乐，B项“不要忘记时钟或者收音机”符合语境，故选B。
【21题详解】
根据下文“We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.(当我们用12英寸的盘子而不是10英寸的盘子时，我们会多吃22%)”可知，大尺寸的盘子会让人吃得更多，E项“大的碗和盘子很容易让我们发胖”符合语境。故选E。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
As he prepared to jump out of a plane at 7,600 metres, Luke Aikins could hardly see his landing area. Aikins was trying to jump from such a height without a parachute (降落伞). This is ____22____(usual). He needed to land on a huge net (网) hung above a desert in southern California. “I’d be ____23____(lie) if I said I wasn’t nervous,” Aikins said as he got on the plane.
The whole process ____24____(take) a little more than two minutes, but the 42-year-old man prepared to make the jump for two years. “I take the jump very ____25____(serious). I have a family and I’ve got a life with to live. It’s not ____26____joke,” he said. “I’m a professional skydiver ____27____ more than 18,000 jumps, ____28____ never once had I left a plane without a parachute.”
Aikins’s wife, ____29____ was among the viewers below, watched him fall into the net. The skydiver did not move for several ____30____(second) as the net was lowered to the ground. Then Aikins stood, waved his arms and hugged his wife. Aikins became the first-ever skydiver _____31_____(land) safely without a parachute.
【答案】22. unusual
23. lying 24. took
25. seriously
26 a 27. with
28. but 29. who
30. seconds
31. to land
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Aikins成为第一个不背降落伞从7600米高的飞机跳下的人。
【22题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这是不同寻常的。句中用形容词作表语。根据“Aikins was trying to jump from such a height without a parachute (降落伞).”可知，Aikins不背降落伞准备从7600米高的飞机跳下来，这是不同寻常的，应用形容词unusual。故填unusual。
【23题详解】
考查形容词。句意：“如果我说我不紧张，那就是在撒谎，”Aikins在上飞机时说。句中用形容词lying“说谎的”，作表语。故填lying。
【24题详解】
考查时态。句意：整个过程花了两分钟多一点，但这位42岁的男子准备了两年多的时间。这里是描述过去发生的事，所以用一般过去时。故填took。
【25题详解】
考查副词。句意： 我非常认真地对待这次跳伞。此处修饰代词take，应用副词seriously“认真地”，作状语。故填seriously。
【26题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这不是一个玩笑。名词joke为可数名词，泛指，且为辅音音素开头的词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
【27题详解】
考查介词。句意：我是一名职业跳伞者，跳过18000多次，但我从来没有不带降落伞离开过飞机。“with+名词”是介词短语，可以充当后置定语、表语或状语。故填with。
【28题详解】
考查连词。句意：我是一名职业跳伞者，跳过18000多次，但我从来没有不带降落伞离开过飞机。前后两句之间存在意义上的转折关系，应用but。故填but。
【29题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：Aikins的妻子是下面的观众之一，她看着他掉进了网里。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为Aikins’s wife，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
【30题详解】
考查名词副数。句意：当网被拉到地面上时，跳伞者有几秒钟没有动。second“秒”是可数名词，由several修饰，应用复数形式。故填seconds。
【31题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Aikins成为第一个不用降落伞就能安全着陆的跳伞者。名词前有序数词修饰时，后面要跟不定式作定语。故填to land。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
32. 假如你是红星中学高一学生李华。近日你收到你的英国笔友Jim的来信，他跟你一样也刚进入新的高中学习，感觉压力很大。请你给他写封回信，安慰他并告诉他如何减压。
内容包括：
1. 安慰对方；
2. 提出减轻压力的建议。
注意：1. 词数140以内；
2. 信的开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Knowing that you have stress in your study, I am writing to give you some advice.
As a senior high school student, none of us is having an easy time, but we still can do something to successfully get through the next three years.
The most important thing you should do is to take good care of yourself. Whenever you feel tired or depressed, spare some time to have fun with your families and friends. As for study, it is essential to find out what needs to be done. Then make a schedule and set time for each subject. That will ensure you enough time to review. Anyway, don’t push yourself too hard.
I hope you will make progress in your study.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Jim回信，就他刚进入新的高中学习，感觉压力很大这件事安慰他，并告诉他如何减压。
【详解】1.词汇积累
压力：stress→pressure
建议：advice→suggestion
重要的：important→vital
必需的：essential→necessary
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Then make a schedule and set time for each subject. That will ensure you enough time to review.
拓展句：Then make a schedule and set time for each subject, which will ensure you enough time to review.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that you have stress in your study, I am writing to give you some advice. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] The most important thing you should do is to take good care of yourself. (运用了省略关系代词that的定语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
33. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Thirty years ago, Cayley was greatly surprised to find that she had a brother. She made up her mind to find him. Since then she refused to leave the home she grew up in, hoping that her brother would knock on the door one day. Little did Cayley know that her brother, Nick Rhoades, had been longing to do so, but only to walk away at the last minute. But thanks to the TV programme Long Lost Family, the pair have enjoyed an emotional reunion.
Cayley’s mum Jacqueline left the family when her daughter was only seven to start a new life in America. Cayley was brought up by her grandmother Victoria, who died in 2001, and she clearly remembered first finding out about her brother Nick. Cayley was quite angry with the fact that was covered up. So she was determined to find her brother no matter what difficulties she would meet with.
Many years later, Cayley, her husband, Colin, and their children were still staying in the house where she grew up because she always had hope that one day her brother would knock on the door. Her husband Colin was very understanding and even though they had two other houses to move to, they stayed in the same house. She never gave up hope.
Meanwhile, when Nick knew he was adopted, he did ask his parents questions and they told him everything they knew. His adoptive parents were so loving and his mum had adopted hundreds of children. Nick had been one of those lucky kids. He had lived a really very happy childhood. Sadly, when Nick was 18 his adoptive mum died of cancer. After several years, his adoptive father also died. Nick was extremely sad during that period of time. Once again, he became a poor orphan without parents, which led him to make the decision to find his birth mum Jacqueline.
Nick had been given his birth certificate (出生证) by his adoptive parents with an address on it.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Nick and his wife Sandra decided to find his mother’s house.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thankfully, Nick’s sister Cayley and Nick’s wife Sandra both turned to Long Lost Family for help.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Nick and his wife Sandra decided to find his mother’s house. It felt so strange that Nick knew it was exactly the house when they were approaching it. He had a feeling that he had been living here long long time ago. He was eager to knock at the door, but he stopped all of a sudden. His concern was that he might interrupt his mother. He didn’t want to go into the house directly and told her they were her son and daughter-in-law.
Thankfully, Nick’s sister Cayley and Nick’s wife Sandra both turned to Long Lost Family for help. Cayley wanted to find her little brother, and Sandra wanted to help her husband find about his mum. Cayley was asked lots of personal questions. She burst into tears when she knew they were about her brother. When they finally met, Nick knew it was exactly his sister. They were so alike, even their gestures or ways of speaking were the same. A month later, Nick was reunited with his mum, who flew back from America. They are always meeting up from then on.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了失散多年的姐弟二人在 Long Lost Family节目的帮助下重逢的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Nick和他的妻子Sandra决定找到他母亲的房子。”可知，第一段可描写Nick和妻子寻找自己的姐姐和自家的老房子，以及见面时候的感受。
②由第二段首句内容“幸运的是，Nick的姐姐Cayley和尼克的妻子Sandra都向 Long Lost Family节目寻求帮助。”可知，第二段可描写在该节目的帮助下，节目在对当事人进行询问的情况以及弟弟与姐姐团聚时的场景。
2.续写线索：得知家中有个弟弟走散——姐姐决心寻找弟弟——与弟弟失之交臂——在Long Lost Family节目的帮助下和弟弟团聚——定期探望保持联系
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.接近：approach /get close to
②.进入：go into/enter
③.团聚：reunion /reunite/get together
情绪类
①.渴望，热情：be eager to do/be enthusiastic to do
②.大哭：burst into tears/burst out doing
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. She burst into tears when she knew they were about her brother. （由连接词when引导的时间状语从句以）
[高分句型2]. A month later, Nick was reunited with his mum, who flew back from America.（由关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句）
广东省华南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期
综合测试英语试题一
本试卷共10页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Do you remember the first stop-motion movie, with a galloping(飞奔)horse? Eadweard Muybridge made it in 1872, and the funny thing is—the first stop-motion movie was made because of a bet. The question was: do all four of the horse’s hooves (蹄)leave the ground at the same time at any point of the gallop? And Leland Stanford, the founder of the Stanford University, hired Muybridge to help him settle the bet.
Stanford claimed that, at some point of the gallop, all four of the horse’s hooves are in the air. Some of his colleagues took a common stand that one foot is always on the ground. It was a popularly debated question of the time, and it was Muybridge’s task to provide the answer using his photographic knowledge.
Now, you can imagine that cameras in 1872 couldn’t really capture the things moving quickly. Movie cameras still didn’t exist, so it was out of the question. So, Muybridge had to get creative. He experimented with a set of 12 cameras. He used them to photograph a galloping horse in a series of shots. His initial efforts seemed to prove that Stanford was right, but he still didn’t have the process perfected.
In 1878, Muybridge raised his creativity and skill on a new level. He set twelve wired triggers (触发器) connected to shutters (快门) for cameras. He placed them evenly along the race track to capture the galloping horse. As the horse galloped the race track, it set off the triggers and made every camera take a photo with less than half a second difference.
The photos showed that Leland Stanford was right, and obviously, he won the bet. But this invention was a winning situation for all of us. Muybridge later invented a zoopraxiscope, which was a bit like the GIFs that people now post on social media and is considered an early device for displaying motion pictures. Thanks to photography and his invention, the cinema was born.
1. Which of the following words best describes the invention of the first stop-motion movie?
A. Difficult. B. Unexpected.
C. Serious. D. Interesting.
2. Why did Muybridge have to be creative?
A. Because he was lacking in devices.
B. Because he was afraid of failure.
C. Because he was short of experience.
D. Because he was interested in experiment.
3. What can we know about Muybridge’s experiment?
A. Twelve horses galloped at the same time.
B. Muybridge invented GIF in the experiment.
C. One camera was used to take photos in the first attempt.
D. The triggers were set off by the horse in the second attempt.
4. What is the best title for the article?
A. A special history of cinema. B. A popular study about horses.
C. A bet inspired the birth of cinema. D. A question led to great experiments.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了第一部定格电影是由于一个赌局而产生的。同时介绍了该影片的拍摄者Muybridge以及他具有创造力的拍摄过程。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Do you remember the first stop-motion movie, with a galloping(飞奔)horse? Eadweard Muybridge made it in 1872, and the funny thing is—the first stop-motion movie was made because of a bet.(你还记得第一部有一匹疾驰的马的定格电影吗？埃德沃德·迈布里奇在1872年拍摄了这部电影，有趣的是——第一部定格电影就是因为一个打赌而拍摄的)”可知，第一部定格电影就是因为一个打赌而拍摄的。故对于第一部定格电影的产生是因为一个打赌而拍摄的，这是意想不到的。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Now, you can imagine that cameras in 1872 couldn’t really capture the things moving quickly. Movie cameras still didn’t exist, so it was out of the question. So, Muybridge had to get creative. (现在，你可以想象1872年的相机无法真正捕捉到快速移动的物体。电影摄像机还不存在，所以这是不可能的。所以Muybridge必须要有创意)”可知，在当时缺乏拍摄设备的背景下，Muybridge创作了此部电影。故选A。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“In 1878, Muybridge raised his creativity and skill on a new level. He set twelve wired triggers (触发器) connected to shutters (快门) for cameras. He placed them evenly along the race track to capture the galloping horse. As the horse galloped the race track, it set off the triggers and made every camera take a photo with less than half a second difference.( 1878年，迈布里奇将他的创造力和技巧提高到了一个新的水平。他设置了12个连接相机快门的有线触发器。他把它们均匀地放在跑道上，以便捕捉飞奔的马。当这匹马在跑道上飞奔时，它触发了触发器，使每个相机拍摄的照片相差不到半秒)”可知，相机的在线触发器是由马触发的。故选D。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了第一部定格电影是由于一个赌局而产生的。同时文章介绍了该影片的拍摄者Muybridge以及他具有创造力的拍摄过程。故C项“一场赌博激发了电影的诞生”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选C。
B
A character in one of Shakespeare’s plays once said, “Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them.” Any of these could apply to the modern-day sportsmen. Many still argue about the nature of talent. Some claim that people are born to be sportsmen, while others say it is only through devotion and hard work that they achieve their abilities. Arguably though, it is not until their talents are acknowledged (认可) by the public that they truly have greatness fallen upon them.
With this acknowledgement of their “greatness” come all the trappings of modern-day celebrity: money, power, influence and responsibility. For better or for worse, like it or hate it, modern sportsmen are the role models of children everywhere. These children will grow up admiring their heroes, devoting their lives to copying their every move, and wanting above all to be like them. Due to this fascination, particularly with the massive influence of the media, it is more important than ever for these sportsmen to acknowledge their responsibility.
In the past few months alone, there have been many examples of questionable behaviors from sports stars of the present day. They are often mirroring the very worst aspects of society, a fact that the self-righteous (自以为是的) anger of the modern press has been quick to point out. It would be wrong for us to expect sportsmen to be perfect. It would also be wrong for us to think that their behavior is markedly different from the sportsmen they grew up watching, but with the all-seeing eye of modern media it is a different world, and different standards must be expected.
Of course, there is no duty for sportsmen to be good role models. There are no prison sentences, no fines, no community service—unless their behaviors are illegal. Unless they break the law, it is entirely up to them as to whether or not they think their behavior is appropriate. Furthermore, measuring the true influence their decisions have on their followers is absolutely impossible. Some will rise against their idols, seeing them in a new light and criticizing their actions. Others may copy their heroes’ actions, using them as a shield when accused of the same crimes.
It is without doubt that the actions of sportsmen will influence the lives of those who worship them. Modern day sportsmen are almost ideals of today’s world, and their actions are watched carefully by millions over the world. Some may complain against it, denying their influence on these children’s lives. Others may be aware of it but not respect it, while many may both be aware of it and respect it. In a word, you do not choose whether you are a role model. All you can do is to decide how to act when greatness is thrust upon you.
5. In Paragraph 1, the author tries to emphasize ______.
A. sportsmen become great when their gifts are recognized by people
B. sportsmen achieve greatness through their devotion and efforts
C. different ways for sportsmen to achieve success and greatness
D. the core characteristic to become great sportsmen nowadays
6. According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that ______.
A. role models usually have positive influence on their fans
B. sportsmen have the right to behave freely within the law
C. all the fans will follow their heroes’ actions
D. no duty is given to sportsmen
7. The underlined phrase thrust upon in paragraph 1 most probably means ______.
A. put off B. removed from C. related to D. forced on
8. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To advise the media to choose proper events to report.
B. To inform the public that sportsmen are no role models.
C. To remind the sportsmen of their social responsibilities.
D. To argue that sportsmen should not be expected as heroes.
【答案】5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，很多有名的运动员成为孩子的偶像，他们的言行对崇拜他们的人有很大影响，因此应注意自身的言行，履行社会责任。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Arguably though, it is not until their talents are acknowledged (认可) by the public that they truly have greatness fallen upon them. (然而，尽管有争议，直到他们的才能得到公众的认可，他们才真正伟大。)”可知，第一段试图强调运动员的天赋被人们认可时才会变得伟大。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Of course there is no obligation for sportsmen to be good role models. There are no prison sentences, no fines, no community service—unless their behaviors are illegal.(当然，运动员没有义务成为好榜样。没有监禁判决，没有罚款，没有社区服务——除非他们的行为是违法的。)”可知，运动员有在法律范围内自由行动的权利。故选B。
【7题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线短语前一句“Some are born great，some achieve greatness(有些人生来伟大，有些人通过努力获得伟大)”可知，划线短语所在句“and some have greatness thrust upon them”是讲述另一种变得伟大的方式，应是“被迫变得伟大”，所以thrust upon意为“被迫，强加于”。故选D。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，结合第二段最后一句“Due to this fascination, particularly with the massive influence of the media, it is more important than ever for these sportsmen to acknowledge their responsibility.(由于这种迷恋，尤其是媒体的巨大影响，对这些运动员来说，承认他们的责任比以往任何时候都重要。)”可知，本文主要讲述运动员成为很多人的偶像，他们的行为影响着崇拜他们的人，所以本文的目的是提醒运动员他们所承担的社会责任。故选C。
C
Washing clothes by hand sounds like a simple task, but for many women around the world it can do harm to their well-being and living. What would you do with your time if you could spend less time washing your clothes? “Paid work,” replied Aleas, a 49-year-old woman from a family of 10 with no access to an electric washing machine. She spent 8-12 hours every week washing everyone’s clothes by hand and described how the required body position of sitting on her feet caused her back pain.
Washing Machine Project provides low-income communities with an accessible washing solution. Its task is to help women save the time to take charge of their lives. “A mother or a child doesn’t have to spend 20 hours a week washing clothes by hand,” said Nav Sawhney, an engineering student at University of Bath in the UK.
Sawhney has created a movable washing machine that is operated by hand. He came up with the idea when Divya, a woman he met in southern India, explained the struggle of washing clothes without a machine. This burden is often shouldered by women and girls in many developing countries. Now, Sawhney’s washing machines, which he named Divya after the woman, could greatly reduce the time of washing clothes and allow women and young girls to receive education and have paid work.
After research in Iraq, Lebanon, the Philippines and Jordan, as well as India, Sawhney came up with a machine that uses only 10 liters of water every time, compared with 30 by a typical electric machine, extremely important in places where water is short. It’s also made out of things that are easy to get and replace, which means it doesn’t need much money to make it. Sawhney and his volunteers won the support of University of Bath, and already received orders from Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda.
9. What does washing clothes by hand mean to Aleas?
A. A hard way of making a living.
B. A simple method of killing time.
C. The tiring housework she has to do.
D. The family duty she volunteers to do.
10. Why was the washing machine named after Divya?
A. She inspired the invention. B. She helped with the design.
C. She was the first to order it. D. She thought up the idea first.
11. What can we learn about the washing machine “Divya”?
A. It is cheap and water-saving. B. It is mainly promoted in India.
C. It is shared by a community. D. It is free to use.
12. What is the main purpose of Sawhney’s washing machines?
A. To develop the market in developing countries.
B. To reduce women’s burden in low-income areas.
C. To take the place of traditional washing machines.
D. To wash clothes in an environmentally-friendly way.
【答案】9. C 10. A 11. A 12. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述洗衣机Divya由来。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“She spent 8-12 hours every week washing everyone’s clothes by hand and described how the required body position of sitting on her feet caused her back pain.(她每周花8-12个小时用手洗每个人的衣服，并描述了坐在脚上所需的身体姿势是如何引起背部疼痛的)”可知，对Aleas来说，用手洗衣服是她每周必做的很累的家务活。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Sawhney has created a movable washing machine that is operated by hand. He came up with the idea when Divya, a woman he met in southern India, explained the struggle of washing clothes without a machine. This burden is often shouldered by women and girls in many developing countries. Now, Sawhney’s washing machines, which he named Divya after the woman, could greatly reduce the time of washing clothes and allow women and young girls to receive education and have paid work.(Sawhney发明了一种手动操作的可移动洗衣机。当他在印度南部遇到的一位名叫Divya的女士解释不用洗衣机洗衣的困难时，他产生了这个想法。在许多发展中国家，妇女和女孩经常肩负这一重担。现在，Sawhney的洗衣机，他以这位女性的名字命名为Divya，可以大大减少洗衣时间，让女性和年轻女孩接受教育并有报酬工作)”可知，Sawhney把洗衣机以Divya的名字命名，是因为Divya对他发明洗衣机带来了灵感。故选A。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“After research in Iraq, Lebanon, the Philippines and Jordan, as well as India, Sawhney came up with a machine that uses only 10 liters of water every time, compared with 30 by a typical electric machine, extremely important in places where water is short. It’s also made out of things that are easy to get and replace, which means it doesn’t need much money to make it.(经过对伊拉克、黎巴嫩、菲律宾、约旦以及印度的研究，Sawhney发明了一种每次只需10升水的机器，相比之下，一台典型的电机每次需要30升水，这在缺水的地方非常重要。它也是由容易获得和更换的东西制成的，这意味着它不需要太多钱来制作)”可知，Sawhney发明的这款洗衣机省水并且便宜。故选A。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Washing Machine Project provides low-income communities with an accessible washing solution. Its task is to help women save the time to take charge of their lives.(洗衣机项目为低收入社区提供了便捷的洗衣解决方案。它的任务是帮助女性节省时间来管理自己的生活)”可知，发明洗衣机的目的是要减少低收入社区的女性在洗衣服上所花费的时间和辛苦。故选B。
D
Quantum (量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to tun climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep." What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “quantum” stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand. And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016.Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype. but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin (幅度)”to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition“ by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
13. How does the author feels about Tobnson’s concerns?
A. Approving. B. Unconcerned C. Doubtful. D. Excited.
14. What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A. His dominance in physics. B. The competition in the field.
C. His confidence in PyQuantum. D. The investment of tech companies.
15. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
16. Which would be the best tide for the passage?
A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?
B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?
D. Will Quantun Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
【答案】13. A 14. C 15. A 16. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns.( 随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒)”以及最后一段“ But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.(但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样)”可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”(他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法)”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
【15题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because ‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.(但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西)”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。故选A。
【16题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction. This is the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson.”(现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火”)”以及最后一段“Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.( PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样)”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. ____17____ Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.
____18____ Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious when they’re in poorly lit places — and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
Mind the colors. ____19____ In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.
____20____ People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.
Downsize the dishes. ____21____ We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tail, skinny glass.
A. Slow down while cooking.
B. Don’t forget the clock or the radio.
C. Open the curtains and turn up the lights.
D. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.
E. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.
F. They depend on how much time you spend designing.
G You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.
【答案】17. G 18. C 19. D 20. B 21. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了房屋的设计和布置在一定程度上决定了你的体型。想要减肥，除了少吃外，还和房间有关系。本文给出了保持身材的四点有关家居设计的建议：1.房间要明亮；2.用冷色系会减少食欲；3.放一些舒缓的音乐就餐；4. 用小的碗碟。
【17题详解】
上文“Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.(专家表示，你的家居设计方式可能会影响你是增重还是减重)”提到家居设计方式影响你是增重还是减重，下文“Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.(这里有一些方法可以把你的家变成你饮食计划的一部分)”提出了一些使家居设计辅助减重的方法，故空处应是提及可以使用家居设计辅助减重，G项“你可以让你的环境为你服务，而不是与你作对”符合语境。故选G。
【18题详解】
空处是段落主题句，根据本段中“Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious when they’re in poorly lit places — and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.(黑暗的环境更有可能鼓励暴饮暴食，因为人们在光线不好的地方往往不太自觉——因此更有可能吃很多食物。如果你的家没有足够的窗户光线，买更多的灯，让这个地方充满光明)”可知，本段主要讲述黑暗的环境容易让人暴饮饮食，因此要让房间明亮一点，C项“把窗帘拉开，把灯打开”符合语境，故选C。
【19题详解】
根据下文“In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry.(在一项研究中，在蓝色房间里吃饭的人比在黄色或红色房间里吃饭的人少消耗33%。像黄色这样的暖色使食物看起来更有食欲，而冷色则使我们感到不那么饿)”可知，暖色能促进人的食欲，D项“研究表明，暖色能促进我们的食欲”符合语境。故选D。
【20题详解】
空处是本段主题句，根据本段中“Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.(开始记录时间，试着让晚餐至少持续30分钟)”及“If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music.(如果你需要一些帮助来放慢速度，打开放松的音乐)”可知，本段主要将要记录时间慢慢吃，还可以放一些放松的音乐，B项“不要忘记时钟或者收音机”符合语境，故选B。
【21题详解】
根据下文“We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.(当我们用12英寸的盘子而不是10英寸的盘子时，我们会多吃22%)”可知，大尺寸的盘子会让人吃得更多，E项“大的碗和盘子很容易让我们发胖”符合语境。故选E。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
As he prepared to jump out of a plane at 7,600 metres, Luke Aikins could hardly see his landing area. Aikins was trying to jump from such a height without a parachute (降落伞). This is ____22____(usual). He needed to land on a huge net (网) hung above a desert in southern California. “I’d be ____23____(lie) if I said I wasn’t nervous,” Aikins said as he got on the plane.
The whole process ____24____(take) a little more than two minutes, but the 42-year-old man prepared to make the jump for two years. “I take the jump very ____25____(serious). I have a family and I’ve got a life with to live. It’s not ____26____joke,” he said. “I’m a professional skydiver ____27____ more than 18,000 jumps, ____28____ never once had I left a plane without a parachute.”
Aikins’s wife, ____29____ was among the viewers below, watched him fall into the net. The skydiver did not move for several ____30____(second) as the net was lowered to the ground. Then Aikins stood, waved his arms and hugged his wife. Aikins became the first-ever skydiver _____31_____(land) safely without a parachute.
【答案】22. unusual
23. lying 24. took
25. seriously
26 a 27. with
28. but 29. who
30. seconds
31. to land
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Aikins成为第一个不背降落伞从7600米高的飞机跳下的人。
【22题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这是不同寻常的。句中用形容词作表语。根据“Aikins was trying to jump from such a height without a parachute (降落伞).”可知，Aikins不背降落伞准备从7600米高的飞机跳下来，这是不同寻常的，应用形容词unusual。故填unusual。
【23题详解】
考查形容词。句意：“如果我说我不紧张，那就是在撒谎，”Aikins在上飞机时说。句中用形容词lying“说谎的”，作表语。故填lying。
【24题详解】
考查时态。句意：整个过程花了两分钟多一点，但这位42岁的男子准备了两年多的时间。这里是描述过去发生的事，所以用一般过去时。故填took。
【25题详解】
考查副词。句意： 我非常认真地对待这次跳伞。此处修饰代词take，应用副词seriously“认真地”，作状语。故填seriously。
【26题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这不是一个玩笑。名词joke为可数名词，泛指，且为辅音音素开头的词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
【27题详解】
考查介词。句意：我是一名职业跳伞者，跳过18000多次，但我从来没有不带降落伞离开过飞机。“with+名词”是介词短语，可以充当后置定语、表语或状语。故填with。
【28题详解】
考查连词。句意：我是一名职业跳伞者，跳过18000多次，但我从来没有不带降落伞离开过飞机。前后两句之间存在意义上的转折关系，应用but。故填but。
【29题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：Aikins的妻子是下面的观众之一，她看着他掉进了网里。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为Aikins’s wife，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
【30题详解】
考查名词副数。句意：当网被拉到地面上时，跳伞者有几秒钟没有动。second“秒”是可数名词，由several修饰，应用复数形式。故填seconds。
【31题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Aikins成为第一个不用降落伞就能安全着陆的跳伞者。名词前有序数词修饰时，后面要跟不定式作定语。故填to land。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
32. 假如你是红星中学高一学生李华。近日你收到你的英国笔友Jim的来信，他跟你一样也刚进入新的高中学习，感觉压力很大。请你给他写封回信，安慰他并告诉他如何减压。
内容包括：
1. 安慰对方；
2. 提出减轻压力的建议。
注意：1. 词数140以内；
2. 信的开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Knowing that you have stress in your study, I am writing to give you some advice.
As a senior high school student, none of us is having an easy time, but we still can do something to successfully get through the next three years.
The most important thing you should do is to take good care of yourself. Whenever you feel tired or depressed, spare some time to have fun with your families and friends. As for study, it is essential to find out what needs to be done. Then make a schedule and set time for each subject. That will ensure you enough time to review. Anyway, don’t push yourself too hard.
I hope you will make progress in your study.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友Jim回信，就他刚进入新的高中学习，感觉压力很大这件事安慰他，并告诉他如何减压。
【详解】1.词汇积累
压力：stress→pressure
建议：advice→suggestion
重要的：important→vital
必需的：essential→necessary
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Then make a schedule and set time for each subject. That will ensure you enough time to review.
拓展句：Then make a schedule and set time for each subject, which will ensure you enough time to review.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that you have stress in your study, I am writing to give you some advice. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] The most important thing you should do is to take good care of yourself. (运用了省略关系代词that的定语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
33. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Thirty years ago, Cayley was greatly surprised to find that she had a brother. She made up her mind to find him. Since then she refused to leave the home she grew up in, hoping that her brother would knock on the door one day. Little did Cayley know that her brother, Nick Rhoades, had been longing to do so, but only to walk away at the last minute. But thanks to the TV programme Long Lost Family, the pair have enjoyed an emotional reunion.
Cayley’s mum Jacqueline left the family when her daughter was only seven to start a new life in America. Cayley was brought up by her grandmother Victoria, who died in 2001, and she clearly remembered first finding out about her brother Nick. Cayley was quite angry with the fact that was covered up. So she was determined to find her brother no matter what difficulties she would meet with.
Many years later, Cayley, her husband, Colin, and their children were still staying in the house where she grew up because she always had hope that one day her brother would knock on the door. Her husband Colin was very understanding and even though they had two other houses to move to, they stayed in the same house. She never gave up hope.
Meanwhile, when Nick knew he was adopted, he did ask his parents questions and they told him everything they knew. His adoptive parents were so loving and his mum had adopted hundreds of children. Nick had been one of those lucky kids. He had lived a really very happy childhood. Sadly, when Nick was 18 his adoptive mum died of cancer. After several years, his adoptive father also died. Nick was extremely sad during that period of time. Once again, he became a poor orphan without parents, which led him to make the decision to find his birth mum Jacqueline.
Nick had been given his birth certificate (出生证) by his adoptive parents with an address on it.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Nick and his wife Sandra decided to find his mother’s house.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thankfully, Nick’s sister Cayley and Nick’s wife Sandra both turned to Long Lost Family for help.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Nick and his wife Sandra decided to find his mother’s house. It felt so strange that Nick knew it was exactly the house when they were approaching it. He had a feeling that he had been living here long long time ago. He was eager to knock at the door, but he stopped all of a sudden. His concern was that he might interrupt his mother. He didn’t want to go into the house directly and told her they were her son and daughter-in-law.
Thankfully, Nick’s sister Cayley and Nick’s wife Sandra both turned to Long Lost Family for help. Cayley wanted to find her little brother, and Sandra wanted to help her husband find about his mum. Cayley was asked lots of personal questions. She burst into tears when she knew they were about her brother. When they finally met, Nick knew it was exactly his sister. They were so alike, even their gestures or ways of speaking were the same. A month later, Nick was reunited with his mum, who flew back from America. They are always meeting up from then on.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了失散多年的姐弟二人在 Long Lost Family节目的帮助下重逢的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“Nick和他的妻子Sandra决定找到他母亲的房子。”可知，第一段可描写Nick和妻子寻找自己的姐姐和自家的老房子，以及见面时候的感受。
②由第二段首句内容“幸运的是，Nick的姐姐Cayley和尼克的妻子Sandra都向 Long Lost Family节目寻求帮助。”可知，第二段可描写在该节目的帮助下，节目在对当事人进行询问的情况以及弟弟与姐姐团聚时的场景。
2.续写线索：得知家中有个弟弟走散——姐姐决心寻找弟弟——与弟弟失之交臂——在Long Lost Family节目的帮助下和弟弟团聚——定期探望保持联系
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.接近：approach /get close to
②.进入：go into/enter
③.团聚：reunion /reunite/get together
情绪类
①.渴望，热情：be eager to do/be enthusiastic to do
②.大哭：burst into tears/burst out doing
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. She burst into tears when she knew they were about her brother. （由连接词when引导的时间状语从句以）
[高分句型2]. A month later, Nick was reunited with his mum, who flew back from America.（由关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句）
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