2022-2023学年广东省广州市华南师范大学附属中学高三上学期第一次月考英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年广东省广州市华南师范大学附属中学高三上学期第一次月考英语试题（解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37，99等内容，欢迎下载使用。
华南师大附中2023届高三年级第一次月考
英语

第一部分 阅读（共两节；满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Horizontal Oak: A life in Nature
By Poly Pullar,
Growing up in a remote region of the Scottish Highlands, Polly Pullar’s childhood was pleasant, simple, and peaceful. But the wild beauty formed a backdrop to a series of major family tragedies. This is the story of how she rebuilt her life from the ground up, supported by the natural world around her.
Wildlife Walks
By Charlotte Varela,
Bloomsbury, ￡16.99
Take a walk through the Wildlife Trusts’ nature reserves with this handy guide that showcases some of our nation’s best forests, moors, woodlands and coastal locations. Each walk includes a description of the site, instructions on how to get there, available facilities and the route’s walking time.
Where the Seals Sing
By Susan Richardson,
William Collins, ￡20
Having long been fascinated by seals, Susan Richardson sets out to follow their pupping season (繁殖季). As she journeys from Cornwall to Norfolk, she learns more about these mystical creatures, while sharing personal stories about the comforting role they have played during times of grief or anxiety in her own life.
In the Name of Plants
By Sandra Knapp,
University of Chicago Press, ￡20
Botanist Sandra Knapp digs into the stories behind plant names, exploring the people who have been immortalized (使永生), from Benjamin Franklin to Lady Gaga. The 30 plants inside are accompanied by botanical drawings from the Natural History Museum.
1. Which of the books does not involve a story?
A. The Horizontal Oak: A Life in Nature B. Wildlife Walks
C. Where the Seals Sing D. In the Name of Plants
2. What can be inferred from the text?
A. There are probably plants named after Lady Gaga.
B. Susan Richardson introduces seals’ life in her book.
C. Polly Pullar offers readers a tourist guide of Scottish Highlands.
D. You can read Charlotte Varela’s book if you want to visit nature reserves by car.
3. Where can we most probably read the text？
A. A geographic textbook. B. A travel brochure.
C. A magazine on wildlife. D. A website about plants.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要向我们介绍了四本书，包括书的作者、内容及售价。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The Horizontal Oak: A Life in Nature”部分关键句“This is the story of how she rebuilt her life from the ground up, supported by the natural world around her.”（这是她如何在周围自然世界的支持下，从头开始重建生活的故事。）可知，The Horizontal Oak: A Life in Nature包含了故事；根据“Where the Seals Sing”部分关键句“As she journeys from Cornwall to Norfolk, she learns more about these mystical creatures, while sharing personal stories about the comforting role they have played during times of grief or anxiety in her own life.”（当她从康沃尔到诺福克旅行时，她了解了更多关于这些神秘生物的知识，同时分享了自己的故事，讲述了它们在自己生活中悲伤或焦虑时所起的安慰作用。）可知，Where the Seals Sing也包含了故事；根据“In the Name of Plants”部分关键句“Botanist Sandra Knapp digs into the stories behind plant names, exploring the people who have been immortalized (使永生), from Benjamin Franklin to Lady Gaga.”（植物学家桑德拉·克纳普深入挖掘植物名称背后的故事，探索从本杰明·富兰克林到Lady Gaga的不朽人物。）可知，In the Name of Plants也包含了故事。只有Wildlife Walks这本书中并没有提到包含故事，由此可知，Wildlife Walks不包含故事。故选B项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据“In the Name of Plants”部分关键句“Botanist Sandra Knapp digs into the stories behind plant names, exploring the people who have been immortalized (使永生), from Benjamin Franklin to Lady Gaga.”（植物学家桑德拉·克纳普深入挖掘植物名称背后的故事，探索从本杰明·富兰克林到Lady Gaga等不朽人物。）可知，植物学家桑德拉·克纳普深入挖掘植物名称背后的故事，这些故事与本杰明·富兰克林和Lady Gaga等著名人物有关，由此可推断出，可能有以Lady Gaga命名的植物。故选A项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。文章介绍了四本书，结合书名“The Horizontal Oak: A life in Nature(水平的橡树：大自然中的生活)”、“Wildlife Walks(野生动物散步)”、“Where the Seals Sing(海豹歌唱的地方)”和“In the Name of Plants(以植物的名义)”以及书中内容介绍可知，这四本书与自然环境或自然界的动植物有关，由此可推断出，我们最有可能在一本关于野生生物的杂志上读到这篇文章。故选C项。
B
It was June 14 and the last day of middle school had arrived.
I had spent the past couple of months trashing and treasuring all the things that I had accumulated in my classroom over the past 19 years. Looking into my classroom, you can see about two dozen boxes and bins inside, piled nearly three-quarters high to the ceiling, all packed and ready for the big move. The 22-million-dollar restoration work was only days away from starting and we were instructed that everything must go.
My parents Michael and Donna, wife Laura and newborn baby Summer had arrived that day. The students had heard so much about my daughter and were excited to meet her for the first time. My mother was there to help organize my classroom nearly 19 years ago and hadn’t seen it since. My father had visited on a few occasions, as had my wife. That day marked not only the end of an era for me, but the dawning of a new beginning.
The day before, I had thrown a party for my students. The feelings were mixed, as I knew that this would be the farewell (告别) party in my classroom of 19 years and the last time I would see all of these students together. I thought back to when they were all in middle school and would visit me in my classroom on my birthday. They made it an annual tradition. I will treasure these moments for the rest of my life.
Change, like sunshine, can be a friend or a foe (敌人), a blessing or a curse, a dawn or a dusk. I’ve learned over the years in working with over 2, 000 children that looking at things from an optimistic perspective and taking the time to foster relationships with people make the world a happier and safer place. No matter what a person’s life circumstances may be, you can be the change in their life that will bring them a sense of self-worth, which will ultimately provide them with the opportunity to become who they are meant to be. They might go on to change the world.
4. Why did the author pack his things in the classroom?
A. He was doing a cleaning.
B. He would quit his job as a teacher.
C. The classroom would soon be restored.
D. His students were graduating from middle school.
5. Why are the writer’s family members mentioned in paragraph 3?
A. To explain the family’s relations with his students.
B. To demonstrate the family’s involvement in his job.
C. To list the family’s contribution to the classroom.
D. To show the family’s expectations for a new beginning.
6. What does the writer intend to convey in the last paragraph?
A. Think of the end in every beginning.
B. Change happens for better or for worse.
C. It is no good feeling attached to a place.
D. A positive attitude brings forth good changes.
7. What’s the tone of the writer in writing the article?
A. Bittersweet. B. Sad. C. Excited. D. Unconcemed.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。由上课教室翻修引发作者对于“变迁”的些许感悟。无论一个人的生活环境如何，你都可以成为他们生活中的改变，这将给他们带来自我价值感，最终为他们提供机会，让他们成为自己想要的人。他们可能会继续改变世界。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The 22- million-dollar restoration work was only days away from starting and we were instructed that everything must go. (2200万美元的修复工作离开始只有几天了，我们接到指示，一切都必须进行)”可知，教室很快需要翻修，东西需要清理出去。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“My parents Michael and Donna, wife Laura and newborn baby Summer had arrived that day. The students had heard so much about my daughter and were excited to meet her for the first time. My mother was there to help organize my classroom nearly 19 years ago and hadn’t seen it since. My father had visited on a few occasions, as had my wife. That day marked not only the end of an era for me, but the dawning of a new beginning. (那天，我的父母迈克尔和唐娜，妻子劳拉和刚出生的孩子萨默降生了。学生们听说了很多关于我女儿的事，第一次见到她都很兴奋。将近19年前，我母亲帮我整理教室，从那以后就再也没见过它。我父亲和妻子来过几次。对我来说，那一天不仅标志着一个时代的结束，而且标志着一个新开始的开始)”可推断，第三段作者提到家庭成员是为了证明家人对他工作的参与。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Change, like sunshine, can be a friend or a foe (敌人), a blessing or a curse, a dawn or a dusk. I’ve learned over the years in working with over 2, 000 children that looking at things from an optimistic perspective and taking the time to foster relationships with people make the world a happier and safer place. No matter what a person’s life circumstances may be, you can be the change in their life that will bring them a sense of self-worth, which will ultimately provide them with the opportunity to become who they are meant to be. They might go on to change the world. (变化，就像阳光，可以是朋友也可以是敌人，祝福也可以是诅咒，黎明也可以是黄昏。多年来，在与2000多名儿童共事的过程中，我学会了从乐观的角度看待事物，花时间培养与他人的关系，这会让世界变得更快乐、更安全。无论一个人的生活环境如何，你都可以改变他们的生活，给他们带来自我价值感，最终为他们提供机会成为他们想要成为的人。他们可能会改变世界)”可推断，作者认为积极的态度带来好的变化。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“The feelings were mixed, as I knew that this would be the farewell (告别) party in my classroom of 19 years and the last time I would see all of these students together. I thought back to when they were all in middle school and would visit me in my classroom on my birthday. They made it an annual tradition. I will treasure these moments for the rest of my life. (我的心情是复杂的，因为我知道这将是我19年课堂上的告别派对，也是我最后一次看到所有这些学生在一起。我回想起他们都上中学的时候，在我生日那天来我的教室看我。他们把它变成了一年一度的传统。我将用我的余生来珍惜这些时刻)”、最后一段“I’ve learned over the years in working with over 2, 000 children that looking at things from an optimistic perspective and taking the time to foster relationships with people make the world a happier and safer place.( 多年来，在与2000多名儿童共事的过程中，我学会了从乐观的角度看待事物，花时间培养与他人的关系，这会让世界变得更快乐、更安全)”及全文可推断，作者的心情是复杂的，既有不舍的心情，也有乐观的心态，所以作者写这篇文章的语气是苦乐参半的。故选A。
C
One of the many aspects of “normal” life that SARS-CoV-2 took away was the enjoyment of live musical performances. With the easing of lockdowns and restrictions in many parts of the world, performers can entertain audiences once again, but concerns about spreading the virus remain. Now, a research reported in ACS Environmental Au have studied aerosol (悬浮颗粒) production from playing wind instruments, singing and acting, allowing them to develop recommendations to minimize COVID transmission.
Early in the pandemic, COVID-19 outbreaks from choir performances indicated that singing carries a potential infection risk, but less is known about the risks of airborne infection from wind instruments. To help keep performers, audiences and music students safe, Tehya Stockman, Shelly Miller and colleagues wanted to examine aerosol production and flow in the air from various musical activities, as well as test different solutions.
The researchers examined the extent and speed of air circulation, or small drops of substances, coming from singers’ and actors’ mouths and from wind instruments, such as the flute, clarinet (单簧管), trumpet and saxophone. They also measured airborne aerosols and carbon dioxide levels exhaled from the performers. They found that aerosol concentrations coming from the bell of a clarinet were comparable to singing. Placing a surgical mask over a singer’s face or over the clarinet bell sharply reduced the extent and speed of air circulation and decreased aerosol concentrations in front of the masks. The team then used these measurements to model virus transmission in indoor and outdoor environments, finding that the lowest risk of airborne COVID-19 infection occurred at less than 30 minutes of exposure indoors and less than 60 minutes outdoors. These findings could help musical rehearsals and performances continue in a safer manner for musicians and audiences, the researchers say.
8. What is the purpose of the research?
A. To remove lockdowns and restrictions.
B. To promote live musical performances.
C. To find ways to reduce spread of the virus.
D. To reduce aerosol production from instruments.
9. What have the researchers done to keep people safe?
A. They have increased air flow from various musical activities.
B. They have indicated that singing carries a possible infection risk.
C. They have tried to measure the risk of infection from instruments.
D. They have found out approaches to preventing aerosol production.
10. What does the underlined word “exhale” mean in Paragraph 3?
A. breath out B. give away C. take in D. test out
11. Which of the following is a finding of the research?
A. Less than 30 minutes of exposure indoors avoids virus transmission.
B. Using a surgical mask can reduce the risks of airborne virus infection.
C. The manner of the musicians and audiences affects the risks of infection.
D. Aerosol concentrations from a clarinet is much more obvious than singing.
【答案】8. C 9. C 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，研究者通过研究各种音乐活动产生的悬浮颗粒和在空气中的流动，并测试不同的解决方案，这可以帮助音乐家和观众以一种更安全的方式继续进行音乐排练和表演。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Now, a research reported in ACS Environmental Au have studied aerosol (悬浮颗粒) production from playing wind instruments, singing and acting, allowing them to develop recommendations to minimize COVID transmission.(现在，《ACS Environmental Au》发表的一项研究研究了演奏管乐器、唱歌和表演产生的悬浮颗粒，使他们能够制定建议，最大限度地减少COVID的传播。)”可知，此项研究的目的是寻找减少病毒传播的方法。故选C项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“To help keep performers, audiences and music students safe, Tehya Stockman, Shelly Miller and colleagues wanted to examine aerosol production and flow in the air from various musical activities, as well as test different solutions.(为了保证表演者、观众和音乐系学生的安全，Tehya Stockman、Shelly Miller和他们的同事想要研究各种音乐活动产生的气溶胶和空气中的流动，并测试不同的解决方案。)”和第三段中“The researchers examined the extent and speed of air circulation, or small drops of substances, coming from singers’ and actors’ mouths and from wind instruments, such as the flute, clarinet (单簧管), trumpet and saxophone.(研究人员测量了空气流通的程度和速度，或从歌手和演员的口中和管乐器，如长笛、单簧管、小号和萨克斯管中流出的小滴物质。)”可推知，研究人员试图通过测量乐器感染的风险来保证人们的安全。故选C项。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前“They also measured airborne aerosols and carbon dioxide levels (他们还测量了空气中的气溶胶和二氧化碳水平)”和“from the performers (来自表演者)”可推知，空气中的气溶胶和二氧化碳应该是来自表演者“呼出”的空气，符合语境，所以画线词的意思是“呼出”。故选A项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Placing a surgical mask over a singer’s face or over the clarinet bell sharply reduced the extent and speed of air circulation and decreased aerosol concentrations in front of the masks. (将外科口罩戴在歌手的脸上或单簧管的铃铛上，会大幅降低空气循环的程度和速度，并降低口罩前的悬浮颗粒浓度。)”可知，研究发现使用外科口罩可降低通过空气传播的病毒感染风险。故选B项。
D
Can you imagine there being a community where boys and girls growing up together can finally speak different 1anguages? In Ubang, Nigeria, it really happens. It’s not exactly clear what percentage of the words in the men’s and women’s languages are different, but there are enough examples to make sentences sound different when spoken by the opposite sex. For “clothing”, men use the word “nki”, while women say “ariga”; “kitchi” means tree for men, while women say “okweng”. These are not just some slight pronunciation differences, but totally different words. “It’s almost like two different lexicons (词汇集),” a language expert, Chi Chi Undie said. “There are a lot of words that men and women share in common, but there are others which are totally different depending on your sex. They don’t sound alike, and don’t have the same letters. They are completely different words.”
Interestingly, both men and women are able to understand each other perfectly in Ubang, as both boys and girls grow up around their parents and get to learn both languages, but by the age of 10, boys are expected to speak in the male tongue. It seems that there is a stage the male will reach and he discovers he is not using the rightful language. When he starts speaking the men’s language, you know the maturity is coming into him.
No one really knows how or why the double-language tradition of Ubang began. Chi Chi Undie believes the two languages are the result of a “double-sex culture” where men and women operate and live in separate worlds that rarely come together. However, she admits this is a weak theory, as the double-sex culture is present in many parts of Africa, where there are no different languages for men and women.
Today, with English words constantly entering the lexicon of young Nigerians, Ubang’s two languages are in danger of being lost forever. Worse still, neither the male nor female language is written down, so they both rely on young people passing them down to the next generation.
12. What do we know about languages in Ubang?
A. A majority of words are different in the two languages.
B. Men and women speak completely different languages.
C. Men and women have different pronunciation for the same word.
D. There are obvious differences in languages between the opposite sex.
13. Why can men and women understand each other despite the differences?
A. Their vocabularies sound alike.
B Their parents teach them both languages.
C. The men can speak two different languages.
D. They are exposed to both languages in childhood.
14. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The origin of “double-sex culture” B. The formation of the two languages.
C. Further exploration of other areas. D. Doubt about the language tradition.
15. Why are the two languages disappearing?
A. Young people in Ugang use more English words.
B. The two languages are too difficult for the young.
C. Neither of the language is written down.
D. The “double-sex culture” has changed.
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了尼日利亚乌邦语的特点，男性和女性的语言在词汇上有一定的差别。文章分析了这种语言现象的原因、特点以及存在可能即将消失的危险。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“In Ubang, Nigeria, it really happens. It’s not exactly clear what percentage of the words in the men’s and women’s languages are different, but there are enough examples to make sentences sound different when spoken by the opposite sex.”（在尼日利亚的乌邦，这真的发生了。目前尚不清楚男性和女性语言中单词的比例有多大，但有足够的例子表明，当异性说话时，句子的发音会有所不同。）可知异性之间的语言有明显的差异。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Interestingly, both men and women are able to understand each other perfectly in Ubang, as both boys and girls grow up around their parents and get to learn both languages, but by the age of 10, boys are expected to speak in the male tongue.”（有趣的是，在乌邦，男性和女性都能完全理解对方，因为男孩和女孩都是在父母身边长大的，可以学习两种语言，但到了10岁，男孩就应该用男性语言说话。）可知尽管存在差异，但男人和女人能够相互理解，这是因为他们在童年时期就接触到了两种语言。故选D项。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Chi Chi Undie believes the two languages are the result of a “double-sex culture” where men and women operate and live in separate worlds that rarely come together.”（Chi Chi Undie认为，这两种语言是“双性文化”的结果，在这种文化中，男性和女性在不同的世界中运作和生活，很少会在一起。）以及本段其它内容，可知第三段主要是关于两种语言的形成。故选B项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Today, with English words constantly entering the lexicon of young Nigerians, Ubang’s two languages are in danger of being lost forever.”（今天，随着英语单词不断进入尼日利亚年轻人的词典，乌邦的两种语言有可能永远消失。）可知这两种语言正在消失，因为Ubang的年轻人使用更多的英语单词。故选A项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读短文，从短文后选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。有两项为多余选项。
As much as 80 percent of premature heart disease is preventable by making specific lifestyle choices. Some strategies, such as exercising and managing weight, are well known. ___16___“A small change in your everyday routine can potentially have a big impact in the 1ong run,” says preventive cardiologist (心脏病学家) Dr. Beth Abramson, a spokesperson for the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada.
Get eight hours of sleep. “When you’re not rested, everything that happens in your life is a lot more stressful,” says Dr.Arya Sharma, founder of the Canadian Obesity Network. If we’re short of sleep, our bodies also have more difficulty controlling blood pressure, inflammation (炎症) and blood sugar levels.___17___
Engage in volunteer work.___18___ Research published in Psychosomatic Medicine in 2016 showed that a feeling of purpose in 1ife is linked to a lower likelihood of heart attack and stroke. “We know that loneliness is a risk factor for heart health,” adds Sharma. “Volunteering gets you out of the house and creates a social network.”
___19___ A recent study in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that healthy people who skipped breakfast were almost three times more likely to have heart disease six years later than those who had a substantial morning meal. One possible reason: “If you’re eating a proper breakfast, you’re less likely to be hungry later and make poor food choices,” says Abramson. “We need to eat a balanced diet as part of a healthy lifestyle.”___20___
A. Eat breakfast.
B. But others may not have crossed your mind.
C. Volunteering might even increase your physical activity.
D. These factors can all have an impact on heart and blood health.
E. Choose whole-grain, low-fat breakfast foods and include fruit.
F. Eat healthy food rich in protein and fiber but low in fat and sugar
G. Doing good for others helps your self-esteem and relieves stress.
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. G 19. A 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍三种人们意想不到的促进心脏健康的方法。
【16题详解】
根据前文“As much as 80 percent of premature heart disease is preventable by making specific lifestyle choices. Some strategies, such as exercising and managing weight, are well known.(多达80%的过早的心脏病是可以通过选择特定的生活方式来预防的。有些策略，如锻炼和控制体重，是众所周知的。)”和后文““A small change in your everyday routine can potentially have a big impact in the 1ong run,” says preventive cardiologist (心脏病学家) Dr. Beth Abramson, a spokesperson for the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada.(加拿大心脏和中风基金会发言人、预防心脏病专家贝丝·艾布拉姆森博士说：“从长远来看，日常生活中的一个小改变可能会产生巨大的影响。”)”可知，一些健康的生活方式是众所周知的，但其它的或许你不会想到，前后句之间为转折关系。所以选择项B“But others may not have crossed your mind.(但你可能没想过其它的。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据前文“If we’re short of sleep, our bodies also have more difficulty controlling blood pressure, inflammation (炎症) and blood sugar levels. (如果我们睡眠不足，我们的身体也更难控制血压、炎症和血糖水平。)”可知，没有充足的睡眠会导致身体健康问题，当然也会对心脏健康产生影响。所以选择项D“These factors can all have an impact on heart and blood health. (这些因素都会对心脏和血液健康产生影响。)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据本段中心句“Engage in volunteer work.(参加志愿者工作。)”和后文“Research published in Psychosomatic Medicine in 2016 showed that a feeling of purpose in 1ife is linked to a lower likelihood of heart attack and stroke. 'We know that loneliness is a risk factor for heart health,' adds Sharma. 'Volunteering gets you out of the house and creates a social network.'(2016年发表在《心身医学》上的一项研究表明，生活的目标感与心脏病和中风的较低可能性有关。“我们知道孤独是心脏健康的一个风险因素，”沙玛补充说。“志愿活动让你走出家门，建立社交网络。”)”可知，参加志愿者活动，可以减少孤独感，缓解压力，从而预防心脏病的发生。所以选择项G“Doing good for others helps your self-esteem and relieves stress. (为他人做好事可以帮助你提升自尊，缓解压力。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
【19题详解】
这里是本段的小标题。根据后文“A recent study in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that healthy people who skipped breakfast were almost three times more likely to have heart disease six years later than those who had a substantial morning meal. One possible reason: 'If you’re eating a proper breakfast, you’re less likely to be hungry later and make poor food choices,' says Abramson. (《美国心脏病学会杂志》最近的一项研究发现，不吃早餐的健康人6年后患心脏病的可能性几乎是那些吃丰盛早餐的人的三倍。一个可能的原因是：“如果你吃了一顿合适的早餐，你稍后就不太可能感到饥饿，也不太可能做出糟糕的食物选择，”艾布拉姆松说。)”可知，本段主要介绍吃早餐对心脏的好处。所以选择项A“Eat breakfast. (吃早餐。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。
【20题详解】
根据前文“We need to eat a balanced diet as part of a healthy lifestyle. (作为健康生活方式的一部分，我们需要均衡饮食。)”可知，这里对均衡饮食作了具体的说明。所以选择项E“Choose whole-grain, low-fat breakfast foods and include fruit. (选择全麦，低脂的早餐，包括水果。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。

第二部分 语言运用（共两节；满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Amy Jandrisevits knows the value of a good doll. “Dolls have a ___21___ we don’t completely understand,” she said. It’s a ___22___ she came to while working as a social worker using dolls to help her young clients ___23___ their changing medical situations. Many of the kids saw themselves in those dolls. But for the kids who had ___24___ a leg or lost their hair, there were ___25___ they could relate to.
So, seven years ago, when a friend revealed that her child had facial deformities (缺陷), Jandrisevits knew what might help the youth through the ___26___ period. “It’s hard to tell a kid, ‘You are perfect the way you are,’ and to build ___27___ that way, but never offer them anything that ___28___ like them,” she says.
Jandrisevits crafted a doll by hand－using fabric, sewing, and markers－that looked similar to her friend’s child and ___29___ the gift. After the friend posted a photo online of the ___30___ child and doll, Jandrisevits was asked to make dolls for ___31___ with scars, birthmarks, tracheotomies（气管切开术）－ in short, a doll like them. She quit her job and started a nonprofit to ___32___ her services.
At home, it takes her roughly seven hours to craft each doll based on photos sent by ___33___ or caregivers. She has made over 400 dolls, and the waiting list is long, but Jandrisevits is ___34___. As she explains, “Every kid, regardless of age, ethnicity ___35___issue, or body type, should look into the sweet face of a doll and see their own.”
21. A. character B. strength C. power D. secret
22. A. decision B. conclusion C. agreement D. situation
23. A. go against B. look back C. adapt to D. carry on
24. A. broken B. missed C. hurt D. cured
25. A. many B. ones C. some D. none
26. A. final B. challenging C. ugly D. long
27. A. self-esteem B. self-discipline C. self-care D. self-service
28. A. acts B. feels C. looks D. grows
29. A. sent off B. handed in C. took away D. gave out
30. A. crying B. frowning C. sleeping D. smiling
31. A. children B. patients C. people D. doctors
32. A. sell B. display C. donate D. send
33. A. children B. relatives C. friends D. parents
34. A. optimistic B. reliable C. enthusiastic D. thoughtful
35. A. gender B. personal C. medical D. mental
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. C 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了艾米专做“有缺陷的”玩具娃娃，给无数孩子带去温暖。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：娃娃有一种我们无法完全理解的力量。A. character性格；B. strength长处；C. power力量；D. secret秘密。由后文“using dolls to help young clients 3 their changing medical situations”可知，用娃娃帮助年轻客户适应他们不断变化的医疗状况，所以娃娃有一种我们不能完全理解的力量，故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是她在做社会工作者时得出的结论，她用娃娃帮助年轻客户适应他们不断变化的医疗状况。A. decision决定；B. conclusion结论；C. agreement协定；D. situation情况。根据后文“she came to while working as a social worker using dolls to help her young clients 　3　 their changing medical situations.”可知，这是她在做社会工作者时得出的结论。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：这是她在做社会工作者时得出的结论，她用娃娃帮助年轻客户适应他们不断变化的医疗状况。A. go against违背；B. look back追忆；C. adapt to适应；D. carry on继续。根据后文“their changing medical situations”根据常识可知，是适应他们不断变化的医疗状况。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但对于那些失去了一条腿或掉了头发的孩子来说，他们没有任何联系。A. broken损坏；B. missed错过、失去；C. hurt伤害；D. cured治愈。根据后文“or lost their hair”可知，空处和lost并列，所以应该是失去一条腿。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查代词词义辨析。句意：但对于那些失去了一条腿或掉了头发的孩子来说，他们没有任何联系。A. many许多人（或物）；B. ones一个；C. some有些；D. none没有一个。根据前文“Many of the kids saw themselves in those dolls. But for the kids who had 　 4　 a leg or lost their hair”可知，此处表转折，所以指没人可以联系之意。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，七年前，当一位朋友透露她的孩子有面部畸形时，詹德里塞维茨知道怎样才能帮助孩子度过这段充满挑战的时期。A. final最终的；B. challenging 挑战性的；C. ugly丑陋的；D. long长的。根据前文“seven years ago, when a friend revealed that her child had facial deformities”可知，孩子有面部畸形，所以是充满挑战的时期。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说:“很难对孩子说，‘你现在这样就很完美了’，也很难用这种方式建立自尊，但永远不要给他们任何看起来像他们的东西。”A. self-esteem自尊(心)；B. self-discipline自律；C. self-care自我护理；D. self-service自助服务。根据前文“You are perfect the way you are”可知，前文提到孩子有面部畸形，所以此处告诉他你现在这样就很完美了，是为了给他建立自尊心。故选A项。
28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说:“很难对孩子说，‘你现在这样就很完美了’，也很难用这种方式建立自尊，但永远不要给他们任何看起来像他们的东西。”A. acts行为；B. feels觉得；C. looks看；D. grows长大。根据后文“that looked similar to her friend’s child”可知，是看起来像他们的东西。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：詹德里塞维斯用布料、缝纫和记号笔手工制作了一个洋娃娃，看起来和她朋友的孩子很像，并把礼物寄了出去。A. sent off寄出；B. handed in递交；C. took away带走；D. gave out发给。根据后文“After the friend posted a photo online of the 　10　　child and doll”可知，詹德里塞维斯把洋娃娃作为礼物寄给朋友。故选A项。
30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位朋友在网上发布了一个微笑的孩子和洋娃娃的照片后，让德里塞维茨被要求为有伤疤、有痣、有气管切开术的孩子制作洋娃娃——简而言之，就是像他们一样的洋娃娃。A. crying哭泣；B. frowning皱眉；C. sleeping睡觉；D. smiling微笑。根据后文“Jandrisevits was asked to make dolls for 　 11 　with scars, birthmarks, tracheotomies”可知，詹德里塞维斯被要求再做洋娃娃，可知朋友的孩子对洋娃娃很满意，所以是一个微笑的孩子，故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位朋友在网上发布了一个微笑的孩子和洋娃娃的照片后，詹德里塞维斯被要求为有伤疤、有痣、有气管切开术的孩子制作洋娃娃——简而言之，就是像他们一样的洋娃娃。A. children孩子们；B. patients病人；C. people人们；D. doctors医生。根据前文“It’s a 　　2　　she came to while working as a social worker using dolls to help her young clients 　　3　　their changing medical situations.”可知，是帮助孩子们。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她辞掉了工作，成立了一个非营利组织来赠送服务。A. sell出售；B. display陈列；C. donate赠送；D. send邮寄。根据前文“She quit her job and started a nonprofit”可推知，詹德里塞维斯辞掉了工作，成立了一个非营利组织来赠送服务。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在家里，她根据父母或看护人发来照片制作每个娃娃大约需要7个小时。A. children孩子们；B. relatives亲戚；C. friends朋友；D. parents父母。根据后文“or caregivers”可知，空处和caregivers并列，结合选项，此处应是父母和看护人并列。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她已经制作了400多个玩偶，等待的名单很长，但詹德里塞维斯很热情。A. optimistic乐观的；B. reliable可信赖的；C. enthusiastic热情的；D. thoughtful体贴的。根据后文“As she explains, “Every kid, regardless of age, ethnicity 　 15　　issue, or body type, should look into the sweet face of a doll and see their own.””可知，虽然Jandrisevits做了很多玩偶，但是为了为了孩子依旧很热情。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：正如她解释的那样，“每个孩子，无论年龄、种族、医疗问题或体型，都应该看着洋娃娃可爱的脸，看到自己的脸。”A. gender性别；B. personal个人的；C. medical医学的；D. mental精神的。根据前文“It’s a 　　2　　she came to while working as a social worker using dolls to help her young clients 　　3　　their changing medical situations.”可知，本文主要说的是帮助有病的孩子，所以此处应是医疗问题。故选C项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One year ago, China rolled out the “double reduction” policy to ease the burden of excessive core-subjects homework and off-campus tutoring faced by middle and primary school students. The policy not only allows children more time to rest and play, but also allows them to obtain the nutrition ___36___(need) for their all-around moral, intellectual and physical development.
Positive changes ___37___(take) place. Compared with a year ago, students now have more independent, diversified ___38___(choose) of extracurricular activities to explore, and can develop their interests and abilities,___39___ opens up new horizons for them.
To Yue Xinyu,___40___ third-grader in central China’s Wuhan City, a notable change is that her primary school classes now finish ___41___(early) in the afternoon than before. “After class, we can opt for ___42___(vary) interest-oriented classes and workshops,” the eight-year-old student said.
Football, basketball, opera classes and clay workshops, are available ___43___ lower graders, while senior primary students have more alternatives, including ___44___(program) and dance.
A dance lover herself, Yue is eager to join the school’s club ___45___ she becomes old enough. She now takes off-campus Latin dance lessons in her spare time. Gliding on the dance floor makes her feel relaxed and confident, she said.
【答案】36. needed
37. have taken
38. choices
39. which 40. a
41. earlier
42. various
43. to 44. progamming
45. when
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国“双减”政策推出后学生们的变化和感受。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这项政策不仅让孩子们有更多的时间休息和玩耍，而且让他们获得德、智、体全面发展所需的营养。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作后置定语，因为need和nutrition之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词needed作后置定语表被动关系。故填needed。
【37题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：积极的变化发生了。分析句式可知，此处用现在完成时表示变化已经发生，且take place是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态。故填have taken。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：与一年前相比，现在的学生有了更多独立、多样化的课外活动选择去探索，可以发展自己的兴趣和能力，这为他们打开了新的视野。根据空格前的形容词diversified可知，形容词应该修饰名词，所以此处应该用提示词的名词形式。故填choices。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which来引导。故填which。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：对中国中部城市武汉的三年级学生岳新宇来说，一个显著的变化是她的小学课程现在比以前提早结束了。分析句意可知，岳新宇是一名三年级学生，所以用不定冠词a表示泛指“一个”符合语境。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查比较级。句意：同上。根据下文的than可知，此处应该用提示词的比较级形式。故填earlier。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这位8岁的学生说：“下课后，我们可以选择各种兴趣导向型课程和研讨会。”分析句式结构可知，此处应该用提示词的形容词形式作定语修饰名词classes。故填various。
【43题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：低年级学生可以参加足球、篮球、歌剧课和黏土工作坊，而高年级的小学生则有更多的选择，包括编程和舞蹈。分析句意再根据available可知，此处用介词to构成固定短语be available to表示“可得到的、可利用的”符合语境。故填to。
【44题详解】
考查动名词。句意：同上。分析句意再根据提示词可知，此处用名词progamming表示“编程”符合语境。故填progamming。
【45题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：她本人也是一名舞蹈爱好者，她渴望在长大后加入学校的舞蹈俱乐部。结合句意再分析句式结构可知，此处用when来引导时间状语从句符合语境。故填when。
第三部分 写作（共两节；满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假如你是李华，在今天的外教阅读课上，你做数学作业被外教老师John发现，没收了你的作业。请你给他写一封信，内容包括：
l、表示歉意；
2、说明原因；
3、希望他谅解并作出保证。
Dear John,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear John,
I sincerely apologize for doing math homework in your class today. I would appreciate it if you can forgive me.
Having been caught doing other things in your class, I know any excuse is meaningless. However, I did so because my mother happened to fall ill yesterday and I had to send her to hospital and look after her by myself, for my father is working.
Doing irrelevant things in class is not acceptable to any teacher. I swear it will never happen again. Will you please be so kind as to give it back to me? Thanks a lot!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教老师John写一封道歉信，表达自己的歉意、说明原因、做出保证下次不再犯，并希望他谅解。
【详解】1.词汇积累
原谅：forgive → make allowances for
毫无意义的：meaningless → pointless/worthless/empty/hollow
生病：fall ill → get sick
无关的：irrelevant → unrelated/unfitting/inappropriate
2.句式拓展
同义句转化
原句：Having been caught doing other things in your class, I know any excuse is meaningless.
拓展句：There is no excuse can be acceptable for having been caught doing other things in your class.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I would appreciate it if you can forgive me.（运用了it做形式宾语）
【高分句型2】Having been caught doing other things in your class, I know any excuse is meaningless.（运用了现在分词的完成式作状语）
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Once there was a ship travelling on the tough sea and on the ship there was a pair of couple. All of a sudden, the ship met with an accident and the couple had no choice but to run to the life boat without delay. After reaching there, they realized that there was space only for one person. At that very moment, the husband pushed his wife behind him and jumped onto the lifeboat himself, leaving his wife standing on the sinking ship, shouting something desperately to her husband eyes filled with tears.”
The teacher stopped her story-telling and asked her students, “Guys, guess what it was that she shouted.”
Most students answered. “I hate you!”
After listening to all this reply, the teacher glanced through the whole class again and noticed that there was a boy sitting silently throughout. Then she asked him the same question.
The boy answered, “I believe she would have shouted-Take care of our child.”
Listening to his remarks, the teacher was surprised and asked the boy doubtfully. “Have you heard of this story before?”
Shaking his head, the boy said softly and sadly, “No, I haven’t. But that’s what my mother said to my father before she died of a deadly disease.”
Moved and feeling sad, the teacher replied. “Your answer is absolutely right!”
Then she continued, “Let’s take up the story. The ship sank eventually and the husband went home and brought up their daughter alone. Many years later after the death of the man, their daughter was tidying up all his belongings when she found his diary. In his diary she found that when her parents were on the ship, her mother had already been diagnosed (诊断) with advanced illness and at the critical moment, the father rushed to the only chance of survival.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
In his diary, the man mentioned he wished to sink to the ocean with his wife but for their daughter he had to live.
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The story was finished and the class was silent.
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【答案】One possible version:
In his diary, the man mentioned he wished to sink to the ocean with his wife but for their daughter he had to live. Without him, their baby daughter would become an orphan. After drowning himself in sorrow for a short time, he uplifted himself and learned how to raise baby. Whenever faced with hardships, he would inspire himself with his wife’ words—“Take care of our child.” Seeing the little girl grow into a sunny, pretty girl with double love from both parents, the man knew he made it to keep his promise.
The story was finished and the class was silent. Nobody talked or laughed as usual. Instead, it seemed that every student was lost in deep thought, tasting the moving life story. The teacher was sure that the students were reflecting on their replies and that they had understood the moral of the story. Of the Good and Evil in this world, there are hidden secrets behind them. So we should not really focus on the surface and judge anyone without understanding them first. Put yourself in others’ shoes and then you can really understand their behavior.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇读后续写作文。通过阅读所给文章可知，文章主要讲述了老师在课堂上给学生们讲了一个故事：故事的大致内容是一对夫妇在海上遇到事故，但是救生艇只能容纳一个人，最后，丈夫推着身后的妻子，自己跳上了救生艇，留下妻子站在正在下沉的船上，绝望地对着丈夫喊着什么。老师让学生猜想妻子说了什么，大多数学生的回答是“我恨你！”，但是一位学生却回答说妻子让丈夫照顾好孩子。老师继续说故事，多年以后，他们的女儿在整理遗物时发现了父亲的日记，原来母亲已经被诊断出病情严重，在关键时刻，父亲冲向了唯一的生存机会。
【详解】续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：在他的日记中，他提到他希望和妻子一起沉入大海，但为了他们的女儿，他必须活下去。接下来可以写没有他，他们的宝贝女儿会变成孤儿。在短暂的悲伤之后，他提升了自己，学会了如何抚养孩子。每当遇到困难时，他都会用妻子的话激励自己——“照顾好我们的孩子。”看着小女孩成长为一个阳光明媚、漂亮可爱、受到父母双爱的女孩，这个男人知道他这样做是为了履行自己的诺言。第二段的开头是：故事讲完了，全班安静下来。接下来可以写没有人像往常一样说话或大笑。相反，每个学生似乎都陷入了沉思，品味着动人的人生故事。老师确信学生们正在反思他们的回答，并且他们已经理解了这个故事的寓意。这个世界上的善与恶，背后都隐藏着秘密。所以我们不应该只关注表面，在不了解任何人之前就对他们进行评判。设身处地为别人着想，你就能真正理解他们的行为。
【点睛】续写内容得当，使用了固定短语和高分句型。如：be faced with；take care of；make it；keep one’s promise；reflect on；focus on；put oneself in others’ shoes等固定短语。①Seeing the little girl grow into a sunny, pretty girl with double love from both parents, the man knew he made it to keep his promise.中使用了现在分词seeing作状语；②The teacher was sure that the students were reflecting on their replies and that they had understood the moral of the story.中that引导的是宾语从句。