(备考)高考英语学霸笔记专题05 阅读理解

专题05 阅读理解-高考学霸笔记 1.阅读理解选项动词 require, provide, allow, offer, inspire, encourage, advertise, introduce, strengthen, improve, enable, check, guide, adjust, preserve, prepare, explore, include, remove, explain, collect, foster, protect, gain, present, contact, explain, stress, praise, continue, cause, describe, analyze, reveal, publish, combine, resemble, avoid, observe, follow, compare, realize, create, appreciate, recognize, celebrate, evaluate, confirm, identify, propose, indicate, manage, promote, reduce, update, neglect, ignore, over-emphasize, urge, apply, recommend 2.阅读理解选项形容词unsure, eager, impolite, serious, suspected, healthy, strong, crazy, funny, unkind, lonely, generous, cool, panicked, confused, embarrassed, disappointed, cautious, favorable, ambiguous, disapproving, awful, negative, positive, humorous, doubtful, awkward, puzzled, excited, nervous, cruel, unexpected, discouraging, unattractive, confidential, supportive, annoyed, sensitive, indifferent, understanding, heartbroken, massive, pessimistic, innovative, unconcerned, responsible, sorrowful, ambitious, caring, demanding, optimistic, productive, beneficial, significant, unnoticeable, uncaring, curious, anxious, cautious, sympathetic, appreciative, uninterested, random, urgent, evident, fair, improper, acceptable 3.阅读理解注意事项① 细节理解定位最关键，定好之后别乱跑。② 说明文说明对象，一般出现在第二段，第一段作用为引出话题，常用小故事形式。③ 阅读理解顺次出题，均匀分布。④ 议论文四个题，1-2个细节，1个推理，1个主旨或最佳标题，1个词义猜测（可选）。 4.阅读理解A篇注意事项① 注意时间、地点，特别关注月份和星期。② 共同点常考察两个小标题，四个选项均会在文中出现。可寻找两个小标题下的关键词，也可进行排除法选择。③ 特殊点提问时，可用排除法进行二次验证。 5.阅读理解其他要点① 注意首段转折，转折后才是需要重点考虑的内容。转折词包括“but”、“however”等。这种行文风格在全国卷中非常常见，其他的还包括“While”开篇，如2018年全国卷III等。② 原因类提问，细节定位，如选项出现To do结构，则需返回原文寻找相似结构。③ 段落主旨题，一般出现两个明显错误，一个原文未提及选项，可进行排除验证。④ 文章以新奇类为主，万不可先入为主。⑤ 注意人物态度题，平时积累选项形容词。如首段未出现转折词，则作者态度常常正面；反之，作者常常持反对态度。⑥ 最佳标题及文章主旨题，转换身份，将自己当成作者，再进行判断，你是否会如此行文。如果一致，则说明答案正确；如不一致，则选项有问题。⑦ 平时积累科普素材，及时接触较新的发展前沿问题，这也是阅读选文的出发点。 【综合练习】 阅读理解数字题 【前置知识点】数字干扰1.不直接给出，需要错误数字结合附加条件（例如：12岁以下免费）2.利用数字锁定范围，不直接给出，而是 a.出现同范畴词汇b.同义词c.出现明显与选项一样的数字但是与题干不符（容易先入为主）3.用错误的阿拉伯数字，掩盖正确的英文数字。4. 用在文中出现的明显的百分数字，干扰需要总结得出的答案(about,most of them,few) （2020山东卷）APOETRY CHALLENGEWrite a poem about how courage, determination, and  strength have helped you face challenges in your life.Prizes3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of  three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's  choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two  nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the  office of National Geographic World.6 First Prizes: The book Shy Pioneer: A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda  Finch.50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to :  50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt  in memory of Earhart's final flight.RulesFollow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem canbe any format, any number of lines.■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. Youmay use both the front and back of the paper.■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name ，  address，telephone number, and birth date.■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.1,How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Six. (2020·江苏) 阅读理解Some important dates in China's fighting Covid-19 before May 7,2020Jan 20, 2020~ Feb 20,2020Jan 23: Wuhan declared temporary outbound (向外的) traffic restrictions.Jan 24: National medical teams began to be sent to Hubei and wuhan.Jan 27: The Central Steering (指导) Group arrived in Wuhan.Feb 18: The daily number of newly cured and discharged (出院) patients exceeded that of the newly confirmed cases.Feb 21, 2020~ Mar 17,2020Feb 21: Most provinces and equivalent administrative units started to lower their public health emergency response level.Feb 24: The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference in Beijing.Mar 11-17: The epidemic (流行病) peak had passed in China as a whole.Mar 18,2020 ~Apr 28,2020Apr1: Chinese customs began NAT (核酸检测) on inbound arrivals at all points of entry.Apr 8: Wuhan lifted outbound traffic restrictions.Apr 26: The last Covid-19 patient in Wuhan was discharged from hospital.Apr 29, 2020~ May 7,2020Apr 30: The public health emergency response was lowered to Level 2 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.May 7: The State Council released Guidelines on Conducting Covid-19 Prevention and Control on an Ongoing Basis. From which date were private cars allowed to go out of Wuhan?A .January 23.B .March 11.C .April 8.D .May 7  (2019天津)History Fair CompetitionUnderstanding history is vital to understanding ; ourselves as a people and as a nation. History is much more than the events long past. It is an essential part of who we are today and who will become. Thornton middle School History Fair Competition makes understanding history  exciting,  engaging, and fun!This Year's ThemeAll participants must  address how i communication or  transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for  Americans  throughout history. To many people, technology  means computers，hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to  distant planets. However, technology is also the application of  scientific  knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in  countless ways.Individuals or groups may enter one of the following categories; . Performance. Documentary( 纪实作品). Essay WritingCategory RequirementsPerformance ; A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long. If special clothes  are used, they should   truly represent a given period.Documentary: A visual presentation ( such as a video.  slide show，or computer project )  no more than 10 minutes  long.  A desktop computer, screen, projector, and loudspeakers will  be available. Students must provide their presentations on CDs  before Friday, March 23.Essay Writing: An academic paper of 2 000 to 2 500 words. No illustrations(图解) are allowed. Please do not include covers. A list  of references must be included. Important DatesJanuary 5   Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher. The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is  off-topic or unclear.February 5  Submit a first draft of your essay ，performance script(剧本)，or documentary highlights.February 19  A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions. Students then have an opportunity to  improve their products.March 9      Submit a final draft of your essay.March 15    Performance and documentary committee previewMarch 24   Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition  7:00 A.M.- 9:00 A. M.0 Participants signing in at the gym 10:00 A.M. - 6:00 P. M.  Competition and judges' review7:00 P. M.   Awards ceremony and  picnic1. What will the committee of teachers do on February 19?  A. Preview performances and documentaries.IB. Make comments on the materials.C. Improve the participant's first draft.D. Collect a second proposal from the participant. (2018课标全国Ⅲ,A)                                            Welcome to Holker Hall & GardensVisitor InformationHow to Get to Holker By Car:Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times:Windermere—20 minutes, Kendal—25 minutes, Lancaster—45 minutes, Manchester—1 hour 30 minutes.By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.Opening Times Sunday—Friday(closed on Saturday)11:00 am—4:00 pm, 30th March—2nd November.Admission Charges 　　　　　　Hall & Gardens　　　　　　GardensAdults: ￡12.00 ￡8.00Groups: ￡9.00 ￡5.50Special EventsProducers’ Market　13th April Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.Holker Garden Festival　30th May The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.National Garden Day　28th August Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.Winter Market　8th November This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　1. How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?A.20 minutes. B.25 minutes. C.45 minutes. D.90 minutes.2. How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall & Gardens?A.￡12.00. B.￡9.00. C.￡8.00. D.￡5.50. (2018课标全国II,A)                                          Summer ActivitiesStudents should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/carers will be asked to sign to confirm their child’s choices.ActivityDescriptionMember of staffCostOutdoor Adventure (OUT)Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week, discover new personal qualities, and learn new skills. You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor. Learn rock climbing and work as a team,and enjoy the great outdoor environment.Mr. Clemens￡140WWIBattlefields and Paris(WBP)On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefields. On Day 3 we cross into Belgium. Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. Our final day, Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights.Mrs. Wilson￡425Crafty Foxes(CRF)Four days of product design centred around textiles. Making lovely objects using recycled and made materials. Bags, cushions and decorations...Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual textiles.Mrs. Goode￡30Potty about Potter(POT)Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in Streatley-on-Thames, guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations, picnic lunch outside Oxford’s Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks, before heading back to Exeter.Miss Drake￡1503.How long does Potty about Potter last?A.Two days.      B.Four days.C.Five days.      D.One week. (2018课标全国I,C)                                           Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia(one, with a question-mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.1. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800. B.About 3,400.C.About 2,400. D.About 1,200. (2018江苏A)The Metropolitan Museum of Art1 000 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10028211 -535一7710  Www. metmuseum. orgEntrancesFifth Avenue at 82nd Street  Hours Open 7 days a week.Sunday - Thursday 10:00 - 17 :30Friday and Saturday 10:00 -21 :00Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25，January 1, and the first Monday in May.Admission$ 25.00  recommended for adults ，  $ 12.00recommended for students, includes the MainBuilding and The Cloisters (回廊)  on  the  sameday; free for children under 12 with an adult.Free with AdmissionAll special exhibitions, as well as films ，lectures ，guided tours ，  concerts, gallery talks, and family/ children's programs are free with admission.Ask about today's activities at the Great HallInformation Desk.The Cloisters Museum and Gardens The Cloisters museum and gardens is a branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle Ages. The extensive collection consists of masterworks in sculpture ，colored glass ，and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.Hours: Open 7 days a week.March - October 10:00 - 17:15November - February 10:00- - 16:45Closed Thanksgiving Day，December 25，and January 1.56. How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum?A. $12.  B. $37.  C. $ 50.  D. $ 62. (2017课标全国II,A)                                            In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeare’s plays in their own language, in our Globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. Please come and join us.National Theatre of China　Beijing|ChineseThis great occasion(盛会)will be the National Theatre of China’s first visit to the UK. The company’s productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeare’s Richard Ⅲ will be directed by the National’s Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying.Date & Time:Saturday 28 April, 2.30pm & Sunday 29 April, 1.30pm & 6.30pmMarjanishvili Theatre　Tbilisi|GeorgianOne of the most famous theatres in Georgia, the Marjanishvili, founded in 1928, appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed(指导)by the company’s Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.Date & Time:Friday 18 May, 2.30pm & Saturday 19 May, 7.30pmDeafinitely Theatre　London|British Sign Language(BSL)By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.Date & Time: Tuesday 22 May, 2.30pm & Wednesday 23 May, 7.30pm Habima National Theatre　Tel Aviv|HebrewThe Habima is the centre of Hebrew-language theatre worldwide. Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution, the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s. Since 1958, they have been recognised as the national theatre of Israel. This production of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.Date & Time:Monday 28 May, 7.30pm & Tuesday 29 May, 7.30pm3.When can you see a play in Hebrew?A.On Saturday 28 April.B.On Sunday 29 April.C.On Tuesday 22 May.D.On Tuesday 29 May. （2017•北京）Inspiring young minds!      TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children's publishing，bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month．What is so special about TOKNOW Magazine？     Well，it has no ads or promotions inside﹣﹣instead it is jam﹣packed with serious ideas．TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children，who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy（哲学）﹣﹣and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine． What's inside？Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles，experiments and creative things to make﹣﹣the magazine also explores philosophy and wellbeing to make sure young readers have a balanced take on life．Sounds too good to be true？    Take a look online﹣evidence shows that thousands of teachers and parents know a good thing when they see it and recommend TOKNOW to their friends．Happy Birthday All Year!    What could be more fun than a gift that keeps coming through the letterbox every month？The first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time for the special day．SUBSCRIBE NOW□Annual Subscription    Europe£55     Rest of World£65□Annual Subscription with Gift Pack    Includes a Mammoth Map，a Passport Puzzle Booklet，and Subscription    Europe£60    Rest of World£70    Refund Policy﹣the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back．1. How much should you pay if you make a 12﹣month subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China？　   　A．£55．B．£60．C．£65．D．£70． （2017•浙江） Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids．According to a new survey（调查） by the National Sleep Foundation，51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights，even though they have to get up early．Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7﹣to 12﹣year﹣olds said they felt tired during the day，and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school．How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age．Babies need a lot of rest：most of them sleep about 18 hours a day!Adults need about eight hours．For most school﹣age children，ten hours is ideal（理想的）．But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10﹣to 12﹣year﹣olds get only seven or eight hours．And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime？Watch TV．"More children are going to bed with TVs on，and there are more opportunities（机会） to stay awake，with more homework，the Internet and the phone，"says Dr．Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School．She says these activities at bedtime can  get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep．Other experts say part of the problem is chemical．Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers'bodies develop adult characteristics，but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm．Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers，some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to．Three years ago，schools in Edina，Minnesota，changed the start time from 7：25 am to 8：30 am．Students，parents and teachers are pleased with the results．1. How many hours of sleep do 11﹣year﹣olds need every day？　   　A.7 hours．B.8 hours．C.10 hours．D.18 hours． (2017年11月浙江)There are energy savings to be made from all recyclable materials, sometimes huge savings.Recycling plastics and aluminum,for instance.,uses only 5％ to 10％ as much energy as producing new plastic or smelting(提炼)aluminum.Long before most of us even noticed what we now call"the environment", Buckminster Fuller said, "Pollution is nothing but the resources(资源) we are not harvesting. We allow them to be left around because we’ve been ignorant of their value.”To take one example, let's compare the throwaway economy( 经济）with a recycling economy as we feed a cat for life。Say your cat weigh 5kg and eats one can of food each day. Each empty can of its food weights 40g. In a throwaway economy，you would throw away 5 475 cans over the cats15-year lifetime. That's 219kg of steel-more than a fifth of a ton and more than 40 times the cat's weight.  In a recycling economy, we would make one set of 100 cans to start with, then replace them over and over again with recycled cans Since almost 3% of the metal is lost during reprocessing, we'd have to make an extra 10 cans each year. But in all, only 150 cans will be used up over the cat's lifetime-and well still have 100 left over for the next cat. Instead of using up 219kg of steel, we've used only 6kg.And because the process of recycling steel is less polluting than making new steel, we've also achieved the following significant savings: In energy use-47% to 74%: in air pollution-85%; In water pollution-35%: in water use-40%.How many cans will be used up in a cat’s 15-year lifetime in a recycling economy?A.50   B. 100   C,150    D.250 (2016全国卷I)Grandparents Answer a CallAs a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents.com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson’s decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,”says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.”Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision?A.17% expressed their support for it.B.Few people responded sympathetically.C.83% believed it had a bad influence.D.The majority thought it was a trend. (2016全国2)What’s On?Electric Underground 7.30pm—1.00am　Free at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know who’s playing in your area?We’re bringing you an exciting evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands.Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)?If so,come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer.He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music.Gee Whizz 8.30pm—10.30pm　Comedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Gee Whizz perform.He’s the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene.This joyful show will please everyone,from the youngest to the oldest.Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐).Simon’s Workshop 5.00pm—7.30pm　Wednesdays at Victoria StageThis is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy.The workshop looks at every kind of comedy,and practices many different ways of making people laugh.Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy.His workshops are exciting and fun.An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.Charlotte Stone 8.00pm—11.00pm　Pizza WorldFine food with beautiful jazz music;this is a great evening out.Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD,with James Pickering on the piano.The menu is Italian,with excellent meat and fresh fish,pizzas and pasta(面食).Book early to get a table.Our bar is open all day,and serves cocktails,coffee,beer,and white wine.24.When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?A.5.00pm—7.30pm. B.7.30pm—1.00am.C.8.00pm—11.00pm. D.8.30pm—10.30pm. (2016全国3)MusicOpera at Music Hall:1243 Elm Street. The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone:241-2742. http://www.cityopera.com.Chamber Orchestra:The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street, which offers several concerts from March through June. Call 723-1182 for more information. http://www.chamberorch.com.Symphony Orchestra:At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 381-3300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall and in summer at Riverbend. http://www.symphony.org/home.asp.College Conservatory of Music(CCM):Performances are on the main campus(校园)of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCM’s Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by calling the box office at 556-4183. http://www.ccm.uc.edu/events/calendar.Riverbend Music Theater:6295 Kellogg Ave. Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover(price difference). Big name shows all summer long!Phone:232-6220. http://www.riverbendmusic.com.21.Which number should you call if you want to see an opera?　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 A.241-2742. B.723-1182. C.381-3300. D.232-6220.22.When can you go to a concert by Chamber Orchestra?A.February. B.May. C.August. D.November.