(备考)高考英语学霸笔记专题04 其他

专题04 其他词-高考学霸笔记 1.长宽高的变形strong-strength-strengthenlong-length-lengthenwide-width-widenhigh-height-heightendeep-depth-deepen 2.基数词和序数词的不规则变化one-firsttwo-secondthree-thirdfour-fourthfive-fiftheight-eighthnine-ninthtwelve-twelfth 3.常见介词of, in, on, at, by, with, without, including, about, after, before, from, toof后可跟名词，如sense of achievement; sense of responsibilityin后可跟名词，如in danger, in silence 4.常见介词核心逻辑一）of核心逻辑：从属关系，属于量词cup of; a piece of; a slice of其中之of; any of; part of, none of类别词kind of; sort of; a species of所属关系the engine of the car=car's engine; the roof of the house=house's roof;和名词构成形容词短语man of ability=an able man; a thing of beauty=a beautiful thing;动词、形容词短语die of; be fond of; be afraid of; be proud of     a girlfriend of Wang Hao书名类The True Story of Ah Q二）in核心逻辑：包含与被包含in+地点，表示在……地方，通常为国家，城市或者大地点的室内：   break inin China，in Beijing ，in Shanghai，in a big housein+具体方位+of，表示细节地理位置：in the middle of ，in the front of ，in the back of，in front of，in the south ofin+功能性场所：in bed（卧病）在床，in the ded在床上躺着，in hospital生病住院，in the hospital 在医院这个地方in+时间（世纪，具体年份，季节，月份，年代，早中晚，一段时间）：in the 19th century，in 2020，in winter，in January，in the 1960s，in the morning，in the afternoon，in the evening，in 2 hours（两小时后或两小时内）in+特定的事物，表示在……方面：He has made great progress in math.他在数学方面取得了很大的进步in+颜色，表穿着the boy in black is my brother.穿黑色衣服的男孩是我弟弟in搭配动词构成短语：put……in 把……放进； cut in 打断别人说话；give in 让步，屈服（因为别人的观点或意见完全包容了我的，所以我give in）；三）to核心逻辑：强烈的方向性，同目标事物相关，距离感运动、朝向drive tothe way toJapan is to the east of China.a tendency to sillness四）on核心逻辑：具体或抽象的紧密接触on+地点名词，表示在表面，有接触：on the wall，on the ground，on the earth，on the table ，on the right， on the lefton+抽象名词on time，准时（抽象意义的接触时刻点） on display 展览（物品是和展台接触的）one on one 一对一 on vacation 度假（人与假期抽象接触）on sale 打折出售on+交通工具与in+交通工具的区别可以走动的用on，不便走动用in：on the train/bus/ship/plane ，in the car/jeepon的动词短语，均是“ 抽象接触”go on 继续（上段接触下段） agree on 达成一致 turn on 打开开关（电源或是水流合上） keep on 坚持（不中断，接触）get on 上车（人接触车）put on 穿戴衣物（衣物和身体接触）carry on 继续前行 insist on 在某事上坚持 knock on 敲打……（接触）play jokes on 开某人的玩笑五）for核心逻辑：通过……成为所属关系1. for表目的What do you learn English for?What can I do for you?2. 对于She has a natural gift for teaching.3. 给某人Here're some tips for you.4. 表原因I am sorry for it.5. 前往某地Is this bus for Chicago?They'll leave for Beijing tomorrow.6. for+时间段/距离for a few years; walk for 10 miles7. for表赞成8. It is +adj. for sb. to do sth.六）from核心逻辑：脱离，距离感1. 从……到from .... to2. 来自be from; come from3. 制成be made from4. 距离等The house is 5 miles from the town.5. 避免；防止He covered his wife from the man's blows with his body.6. 与……不同I can't tell one twin from the other.be different from七）with核心逻辑：带有；附带1. 一起；和go with; play with; live with; make friends with2. 带有tea with honeya man with a lot of money; a girl with golden hair3. 用write with a pencil4. 在……身上I have no money with me.5. 在……帮忙之下with the help of6. 随着with the development offloat with the wind7.短语agree with sb./sth.; deal with; get on with sb.; communicate with sb.; put up with sth.be satisfied with; be patient with; be popular with sb.; be connected with sb.; be decorated with sth.八）by核心逻辑：一旁1. 位置by the windown; by the lake2. 交通工具by train; by car; by plane3. 通过……by doing sth.4. 在……之前by 9:00九）at核心逻辑：@ 直击目标1. 表示状态at work, at war, at lunch, at school2. 小地点arrive at      arrive in3. 小时间at 9:004. 短语aim at; at this time, at least, at the end of十）than核心逻辑：比较1.no sooner... than...2. more ... than...十一）as核心逻辑：作为1. 像He dressed as a girl.2. 当作I found a job as a guide.3. 作为身份As a child, she was sent to abroad.4. as引导的介词短语As a Party member, I'll take the lead in everything.She works as a model. 5.常见固定搭配too...to...so...that...can’t wait to do...can’t help doing sth.one, the otherIt’s time to do sth.either...or...neither...nor...not only...but also...be famous for/asit takes sb. some time to do sth.think/find it adj. to do sth.used to do / be used to doing / be used to do 6.缩写don't=do notdoesn't=does notYou'd better=You had betterYou'd like=You would likeit's=it isyou're=you areI'm=I amwon't=will notwouldn't=would notI’ve been=I have beenHe’s been=He has been 7.late相关词late: adj. & adv. 迟，迟的，晚的，晚期，在晚期。in the late afternoon 傍晚，在下午较晚的时候
in the late 1990's/1990s 在二十世纪九十年代末
work late/far/deep into the night 工作至深夜
late in autumn 深秋 later: adj. & adv. 为late比较级，意指较迟，较晚一些。一段时间+latersooner or later 迟早（early or late）no later than不迟于later on以后，后来。 latter: adj. 意思是指（两者中）后者的、后者，反义词是former，（两者中）前者。Did he walk or swim? The latter seems unlikely. latest: adj. & adv. 为late的最高级。意思是最新、最近或最迟。A British car company was about to sell its latest type of car in Germany. lately: adv. (=recently) 最近，近来，通常用于现在完成时态。The old palace has lately been rebuilt. 8.that的用法① so...that...结构② 定语从句，句中缺主语选that③ 同位语从句后加that，常见同位语名词news, idea, fact, thought, problem, answer, belief, possibility, evidence, plan, suggestion, promise, report, question, truth, proof, order, hope, information④ 强调句型 It is X that...⑤ 表语从句，即be后所跟句子，如The trouble is that... 9.同一年份同一考点考察① than【2020年全国卷I语法填空】The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters, more so ______ the familiar near side.【2020年全国卷II语法填空】Orange trees are more ______ decoration; they a a symbol of good fortune and wealth. 【2018年全国卷I语法填空】While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life ______ walking, cycling or swimming.【2018年全国卷II语法填空】Corn uses less water ______ rice and creates less fertilizer runoff.② 定语从句无what【2020年全国卷II短文改错】Thank you for your letter, what [改为which] really made me happy.【2020年全国卷III短文改错】Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what [改为that] is provided by Mom with appreciation.③ surely→sure【2020年全国卷II短文改错】I’m surely [改为sure] you’ll have a good time.【2020年全国卷III短文改错】In order to make surely [改为sure] all of us are in good health, she makes specific plans for us.④ 形容词ing和ed之间的转换【2019年全国卷I短文改错】I became interesting [改为interested] in playing football thanks to a small accident.【2019年全国卷II短文改错】One was that I was amazing [改为amazed] at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.⑤ as的用法【2017年全国卷I语法填空】This trend, was started by the medical community _____ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease-the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.【2017年全国卷I语法填空】As _____ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.【2017年全国卷III语法填空】Instead, she is earning 6,500 pounds a day as _____ model in New York.⑥ late相关词【2017年全国卷I短文改错】A few minutes late [改为later], the instructor asked me to stop the car.【2017年全国卷III短文改错】I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late [改为latest] music albums.⑦ become和come【2017年全国卷II短文改错】When summer came [改为comes], they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!【2017年全国卷III短文改错】About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become [改为became] a new member of the school music club. 10.高中易混词① anyway, anyhow, somehow, somewhatanyway=anyhow 无论如何；不管怎样somehow 莫名其妙地；不知怎么地somewhat 稍微；有点② contend, content, context, context③ principal, principle④ mortal, metal, mental, medal, model⑤ except, expect, accept, excerpt, exempt⑥ through, thorough, though, thought⑦ expect, respect, aspect, inspect, suspect⑧ prospect, perspective 11.不同年份同一考点① be+adv.+adj.【2020年全国卷I】Landing on the moon’s far side is ______ (extreme) challenging.【2019年全国卷III】They also shared with us many traditional stories about Hawaii that were ______ (huge) popular with tourists.【2017年全国卷III】It is _____ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. ② 比较级more/less+than【2020年全国卷I】The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters, more so _____ the familiar near side.【2020年全国卷II语法填空】Orange trees are more ______ decoration; they a a symbol of good fortune and wealth.【2018年全国卷I语法填空】While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life ______ walking, cycling or swimming.【2018年全国卷II语法填空】Corn uses less water ______ rice and creates less fertilizer runoff. ③ 提示词为it【2020年全国卷I】Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether _____ (it) plans for a future lunar base are practical.【2016年全国卷I】On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____ (it) mother. ④ 提示词为certain【2020年全国卷II】_____ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.【2017年全国卷III】It is _____ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. ⑤ be+adj.+to do【2020年全国卷II】They are easy _____ (care) for and make great presents.【2019年全国卷I】Modern methods for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ______ (perform) consistently over a large area. ⑥ the first(序数词) (n) to do sth.【2020年全国卷I】China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.【2020年全国卷II】The plum trees are ____ first to flower even as the snow is melting. ⑦ 情态动词+提示词【2020年全国卷III】The artist was sure he would _____ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.【2016年全国卷III】Truly elegant chopsticks might _____ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. ⑧ by+doing【2019年全国卷I】Scientists have responded by _____ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating around human settlements, leading to the illusion that populations are higher than they actually are.【2017年全国卷I】Fast food _____ (be) full of fat and salt; by _____ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. ⑨ 提示词+than【2019年全国卷I】Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating around human settlements, leading to the illusion that populations are _____ (high) than they actually are.【2018年全国卷I】According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _____ (long) than non-runners. ⑩ al结尾形容词【2019年全国卷II】Her years of hard work have ______ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated her to be Cheshire’s Woman of the Year.【2018年全国卷II】A taste for meat is ______ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.【2016年全国卷I】The title will be _____ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.【2016年全国卷III】Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _____ (gradual) turned into chopsticks. ⑪ 现在完成时【2019年全国卷I】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ______ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.【2019年全国卷II】I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _____ (make) over the years.【2018年全国卷II】Since 2011, the country ______ (grow) more corn than rice. ⑫ n. ____ v.【2019年全国卷III】They were well trained by their masters _____ had great experience with caring for these animals.【2018年全国卷II】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government started a soil-testing program ______ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers-and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. ⑬ , _____ (提示词)【2019年全国卷III】On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ______ (listen) to musicians to meeting interesting locals.【2017年全国卷II】This included digging up the road, _____ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.【2016年全国卷III】People probably cooked their food in large pots, ____ (use) twigs to remove it.  ⑭ the top【2018年全国卷III】Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _____ top of her lungs.【2017年全国卷II】This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over _____ top. ⑮ as +a/an【2017年全国卷I语法填空】This trend, was started by the medical community _____ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease-the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.【2017年全国卷I语法填空】As _____ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.【2017年全国卷III语法填空】Instead, she is earning 6,500 pounds a day as _____ model in New York. ⑯ , who结构【2017年全国卷III】But Sarah, _____ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.【2016年全国卷III】Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, _____ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.