04 介词（短语）和动词短语 备战2023高考英语考试易错题（新高考专用）（解析版）

这是一份04 介词（短语）和动词短语 备战2023高考英语考试易错题（新高考专用）（解析版），共10页。学案主要包含了易错题类型，举一反三，易错题通关等内容，欢迎下载使用。
 专题04 介词和动词短语    备战2023高考英语考试易错题（新高考专用）（解析版） 【易错题01】 动词短语和介词短语的固定搭配记忆不牢（2022新高考I卷） Giant pandas also serve _______ an umbrella species(物种)， bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.【答案】 as【错误分析】 上下文分析不清楚，固定短语既不熟练。【解题思路】 无词填空一般应为冠词，介词，连词，代词it。由设空处上下文可推知此处为介词，serve as表示“充当”，故填as。【拓展短语】 work as/serve /act as充当，扮演；as well也；同样地；as well as也；和......一样；不但...而且（ 2022全国乙卷 改错） Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise.【答案】 在because后面加of【错误分析】 固定短语because of与连词because用法掌握不熟练【解题思路】 because为连词，引导原因状语从句。because of介词后跟名词短语，更改处后面为名词词组，故在because后加of。3.  (2020课标全国Ⅱ ) Bamboo plants are associated 　　　 health, abundance and a happy home.【答案】 with【错误分析】 对句意翻译和固定短语用法掌握不牢。【解题思路】 由句意“竹子和健康，富裕和幸福的家庭有着联系。”且be associated with固定搭配，故填with。 【易错题02】 介词本身的意思掌握不牢1.（ 2022全国乙卷 ）May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially   __   the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.【答案】 by【错误分析】 逻辑意思翻译不好，有可能误填after,“；以......来命名”。【解题思路】 根据句意：今年5月21日是第一个国际茶日，其在2019年11月27日被联合国正式命名。可知应用介词by, 表示“被，由”。2.（2022年8月贵州省遵义市新高考协作体高三入学质量检测）Made earlier this year, the painting is now______ show at Greater Bay Area in the Eyes of Artists, a display making the 25th anniversary of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.【答案】 on【错误分析】 逻辑意思翻译不好，不能掌握介词on的含义。【解题思路】根据句意，可知绘画在展出。on show在展览中。prep. （表示方向）向；（表示对象）对；（表示位置）在…上；（表示时间）在…之时 adv. （放，穿，连接）上；向前，（继续）下去。【2022·全国甲卷】Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers _________ Xi’an to Kashgar on sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.【答案】from【解题思路】考查介词。9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。 There is a lot more material available, which means you may be overwhelmed        the amount of information. 【答案】with【解析】考查固定搭配。be overwhelmed with忙着做…；句意：有很多的材料都很适合你的研究，这就意味着你将忙于筛选各种信息。故填with.For those who fly to Yunnan, it’s only an hour away        car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.【答案】 by 【解析】考查介词。句意：乘汽车只需要1个小时。by car乘汽车。故填by.         the same time, they warm up again for the night. 【答案】At        【解析】考查介词。“at the same time”意为“与此同时”，是固定短语。故填At.Imagine you are a student and you share a flat ________another student who you think isn't doing her share of the housework. 【答案】with【解析】考查固定搭配。固定短语share with意思是和…分享。该句意思为：想象你是一个学生并且和其他一个你认为她不愿意做她那份家务的学生合租一间公寓。故填with.The other person will have more respect for you       the future if you do that.【答案】in【解析】考查介词短语。固定短语In the future表示在未来。该句意思为：如果你那样做，在未来，一些人会对你更加尊敬。故填in.The boy didn’t want the pictures to remind him ___ the suffering he experienced.【答案】of【解析】考查介词。句意：那男孩不想让这些照片使他想起所经历的痛苦。remind sb. of sth.是固定搭配，意思是“提醒某人干某事，使某人想起某事”，故填of.7.The weight-loss pills that Amy took had side effects _______ her health and caused her liver to fail.【答案】on【解析】考查介词短语。句意：艾米吃的减肥药对她的健康有副作用，导致她的肝脏衰竭。have side effects on对……有副作用，固定短语。故填on.8. There is no such thing ______ failure. Failure is just life trying to move us in another direction.【答案】as【解析】考查介词。句意：世间并不存在“失败”，那不过是生活想让我们换个方向走走罢了。such…as…像……样的……，固定结构。故填as. 1. （2021全国甲卷）It was built (build) originally to protect the city __________ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 【答案】in/during【解析】考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”可用介词in/during。故填in/during。2.（2021全国乙卷）It was not widely accepted as a travel concept __________ the late 1980s. 【答案】until【解析】考查固定句型。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“not……until……”。故填until。3.After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree          engineering or architecture.【答案】in　【解析】考查介词。a degree in...指“某专业的学位”,专业前用介词in.4.But my connection with pandas goes back ______ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s【答案】to【解析】考查固定短语。句意：但是我与熊猫的联系追溯到二十世纪八十年代，我在电视节目中的日子。go back to追溯到，该短语是固定短语，所以填to.5.If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ____ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.【答案】for 【解析】考查介词。句意：如果你不打算忍受这个问题，那么我建议下次你去你妈妈家吃饭的时候，从她那里得到一些烹饪技巧。动词短语go to your mums' home后用介词for表示目的。故填for.6.______ time, when the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.【答案】over 【解析】考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，当人口逐渐增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮的快一点。Over time意为“随着时间的推移”，故填over.7. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat    their hands.【答案】with【解析】考查介词。句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法－－用手拿，with＋表示具体工具的名词，故填with.8.Can you make sense ________ what this writer is saying?【答案】of【解析】考查固定短语和介词of。句意：你能理解这位作者在说什么吗？结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语“理解”，make sense of意为“理解”。设空处需填介词of。故填of.I’d appreciate it if you could make helpful comments ________ my work.【答案】on\about【解析】考查介词。句意：如果你能对我的工作提出有益的意见，我将不胜感激。根据comments 与my work之间的关系，可知要用介词on/about。make comments on /about...对......发表评论/意见，固定短语。故填on\about .10.The subject of the talk is announced a week ________ advance.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。句意：谈话的主题提前一周宣布。in advance提前，是固定短语，故填in.11.It suddenly occurred ________ him that he should adopt the homeless child.【答案】to【解析】考查固定搭配和介词。句意：他突然想到要收养那个无家可归的孩子。sth. occur to sb.某人突然想到某事，固定搭配。故填to.12.Nobody knew why he was often heavily _________________debt.【答案】in【解析】考查固定短语或介词in。句意：没人知道为什么他经常债台高筑。in debt欠债，固定短语，故填in.13.I'm writing to offer my congratulations to you ________ winning the gold medal.【答案】on【解析】句意：我写信是为了祝贺你获得金牌。congratulations to sb. on sth.祝贺某人某事，固定短语。故填on.But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ______ this question is not clear.【答案】to【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...是固定搭配，意为：“……的答案是……”。故填to.I was searching      these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. 【答案】for　【解析】考查动词短语。句意:我正在搜寻这三只我一直在观察的西部低地大猩猩。search for为动词短语,意为“搜寻”。故填for. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)　    a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease【答案】as　【解析】考查介词。句意：这种趋势是由医学界开始的，是一种对抗心脏病的方法，它产生了一些意想不到的副作用，如超重和心脏病。as在此处作介词,意为“作为”。故填as.Warnings about the danger of smoking seem to have little impact __________this age group.【答案】on【解析】本题考査的是固定搭配。have little impact on “对......没有什么影响”。The panda is unique__________ China, which is well-known to us all.【答案】to【解析】be unique to 为......所特有。—Are you familiar __________the music? —Yes, the music is very familiar __________me, but I can’t remember when and where I heard it. 【答案】with; to【解析】be familiar with  对......熟悉;通晓,多以人作主语;be familiar to为……所熟悉,多以事物作主语,人作宾语。After seeing the film, they made comments __________some of the parts.【答案】on【解析】make comments/a comment on 或者 comment on 表对......做出评价。He had to take the medicine three times a day, so as to be free __________the pain in the leg.【答案】of/from【解析】be free from/of免除......,摆脱......。句意:他不得不每天吃三次药,以摆脱腿部的疼痛。Her old parents watched Mary until she disappeared from sight__________ the distance.【答案】in【解析】考査介词。in the distance“在远处,从远处”。句意:她年迈的父母目送着玛丽直到她消失在远处。23.He suddenly saw Tom __________(cross) the street, so he pushed his way__________ the crowd to catch him.【答案】across; through【解析】考查介词。第一空:cross“横过,穿过”,为动词,其对应介词为across,意为“横过,在 对面”,强调“从两边的一边到一边;在两边的另一边”或“从物体的表面穿过”。第二空:through “穿过”,强调“从物体中间穿过”句意: 他突然在街对面看见汤姆,所以他从人群中挤过去追他。24.Success in life doesn't happen __________accident. It's the result of devoting your time and energy to what you've set out to do.【答案】by【解析】考査介词。固定搭配by accident/chance意为“偶然地,意外地”。其反义短语为:on purpose/by design意为“故意地"。句意:人生的成功不是偶然的。它是你全副身心投入你最初的理想的结果。25.You’ll succeed__________ time as long as you love it with passion because life will give back what you put into it.【答案】in【解析】考査介词。in time“迟早,及时”,本题中意为“迟早”。句意:只要你满怀激情地去热爱生活,你迟早会取得成功,因为生活会回报你的投入。26.__________(not like) his father, Tony Blain is humorous and easy-going.【答案】Unlike【解析】考查介词。like作为介词,意为“像”,其反义词为unlike,意为“不像”。由语境可知此处应为“不像”,故用unlike。句意:不像他的爸爸,托尼•布莱恩既幽默又随和。27.A company representative wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _________ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 【答案】from【解析】考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth从...到..., 所以填from。28.Due to the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types __________ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. 【答案】of【解析】考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎，各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”，所以空格处应填of。故填of。29.because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so __________ the familiar near side. 【答案】than【解析】考查介词。句意：因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知，此处填介词than，表示“比……更”。故填than。30.In 1844 they bought it _________ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。31.The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ____40____ 2. 1 in women and men.【答案】by【解析】考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by符合语境，故填by。While riding his bike home ________ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself．【答案】on【解析】考查介词。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑着自行车回家时，他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇人独自在街上游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。故填on。Oranges: Orange trees are more ___________ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. 【答案】than【解析】考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist _________ earth, Mother Nature. 【答案】on【解析】考查介词。句意：这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示“在世界上”短语为on earth。故填on。Museums must compete ________people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，意为: “为了……竞争”。故填for。Over time, the bags fall apart___     ___countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them.【答案】on【解析】考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片，鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中一些。固定搭配fall apart into/to...（分崩离析成……），介词into/to可表“进入……之中/变成……”。故填into/to。If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ________ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示去向、目的用介词for，故填for。Corn uses less water                  rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. 【答案】than【解析】考查固定搭配。前面有比较级less，所以用than进行比较。While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it is more effective at lengthening life ____________walking, cycling or swimming. 【答案】than【解析】考查固定搭配。前面有比较级more effective，所以用than。But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer __________ this question is not clear.【答案】to【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...表示“……的答案是……”，是固定搭配。故填to。